MBBS YEAR II

Biochemistry

Department

Study Guide

(2020-21)

National University of Medical Sciences Pakistan

Department of Biochemistry

Introduction:

The dynamic department of Biochemistry is spear headed by Prof.Dr.Iram Fayyaz, an

MPhil gold medallist, aided by a proficient team of three associate and one assistant professor.

All five members of the senior faculty are in various stages of PhD research and are also actively

involved in departmental and multidisciplinary research. The undergraduate department

comprises of MBBS, BDS, Nursing and Allied Health schools. Our department was recently

approved by CPSP for FCPS training under supervision of Gen Abdul Khaliq Naveed and three

senior faculty members are currently enrolled with him. All senior faculty is also certified in

medical teaching by University of Liverpool. Moreover the senior faculty is also actively

engaged in annual student research projects . Our department was also the pioneer in initiating

Mentor/Menti (Mentorship) program where monthly sessions are held between the students and

their assigned mentor to address their various issues. Career counselling and research

methodology workshops are also given to every new batch of incoming students. We have also

introduced a Continuous Professional Development club to train and update our faculty with

regular departmental workshops. Moreover, our department annually conducts clinical

biochemistry seminars at the end of every academic session. We also plan to launch our MPhil

training program and organise the first ever Society Of Medical Biochemistry (SOMB) national

conference in the near future.

Index

1. Vision/Mission statements

2. Guidelines and Introduction

3. Curriculum Map

4. Blocks/Learning Objectives

5. Table of specifications

6. Sample MCQs and SEQs

7. Faculty list

8. Departmental Library

1.VISION/MISSION STATEMENTS

Vision statement:

To ensure the development and sustenance of internationally acclaimed quality standards

and practices for NUMS Higher Education that benefits and lives up to the stakeholders as needs

and expectations.

Mission statement:

To provide an excellent learning and teaching environment, inculcating ethical values and

social responsibilities in under-graduate and post-graduate medical and dental students and

nursing and allied health sciences students to enhance the level of comprehensive health care in

the Army/Country.

2.GUIDELINES AND INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

a. Preamble Integration has been accepted as an important educational strategy in medical education. The

recently revised standards by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PM&DC)

encourages integration of major subjects both horizontally and longitudinally. This

curriculum meets the standards of Pakistan Medical and Dental Council and our students, on

completion of program will develop required competencies as defined worldwide in a

graduate doctor.

MBBS Years I & II will deal with the normal structure, function and biochemical aspects of

human body which is delivered in an integrated manner in clinical context. Early Clinical

Exposure will be ensured by interspersed sessions throughout the curriculum, wherein the

students will learn via discussing real life scenarios which they will encounter in clinical

settings. This curriculum also aims to improve different skills of the future doctors including

communication, leadership & management and research skills and inculcate ethical values

and professionalism.

This curriculum has been developed by the faculty of basic and clinical sciences from

constituent/affiliated colleges in collaboration with NUMS Academic Directorate b. Curriculum perspective

NUMS curriculum is evolved taking into consideration Constructivist, Cognitivist,

behaviorist with some element of Constructivist approach. It allows students to construct

their own knowledge based on what they already know and to use that knowledge in

purposeful activities requiring decision making, problem solving, and judgments. c. Level of integration: The `complementary' approach which is both subject-based and

integrated teaching will be used. The integrated sessions will represent a major feature of the

curriculum d. Competencies The focus of this curriculum is on the roles of a general physician as

identified in the can MEDS. These are Medical Expert, Manager, Communicator, Health

Advocate, Collaborator, Professional and Scholar. Competencies focused in year I and II are:

-

1) Medical Knowledge 2) Problem solving 3) Procedural skills 4) Communication skills

5) Empathy 6) Professionalism 7) Leadership and Management skills

8) Research skills e. Outcomes

By the end of second year, students should be able to: 1) Correlate the developmental and anatomical knowledge of GIT & metabolism,

renal, neurosciences, Genetics, Craniocervical, Special senses, Endocrinal &

Reproductive systems to their physiological, and biochemical basis. 2) Perform basic clinical skills related to basic concepts addressed 3) Demonstrate effective written and verbal communication skills 4) Appraise the role of the physician and health care profession in the society 5) Adopt social accountability as a vital part of medical profession

6) Analyze the impact of technologies and scientific discoveries on the contemporary

world, such as issues of personal privacy, security, or ethical responsibilities 7) Apply the principles of research for writing research proposal

f. Academic Calendar Year II

YEAR TWO

BLOCK I 2 BLOCK II 2 BLOCK III 2

10+2=12 weeks w 8+2=10 weeks w 10+2=12 weeks: w

4 weeks 6 E 8 weeks E 10 weeks E

weeks O O O

GIT / Renal B Neuroscience B Special Senses, B

Bioenergetics & Endocrinology &

Biological Reproduction

Oxidation (ENR)/ Nutrition

Carbohydrate metabolism Molecular Medicine & Genetics

Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Brain and Spinal cord Head & Neck

Research Methodology & Evidence based Medicine

Behavioral Science & Professionalism

g. Proposed Contact Hours Distribution Year-II

SUBJECTS SECOND YEAR

Anatomy 250

Embryology

Histology

Gross Anatomy

Physiology 225

Biochemistry 125

Research Methodology & Evidence based Medicine 10

Medicine 25

Surgery 25

Pakistan Studies 15

Behavioral Science & Professionalism 30

Self-Directed Learning 100

Co-curricular activities 40

TOTAL HOURS 845

h. Educational Strategies

1) Lectures

2) Small group discussion

3) Lab practical

4) Skill lab

5) Problem based learning/ Case based learning

6) Tutorials

i. Resources. To be filled in by the institute

1) Faculty

2) Facilities

3) Administration for Course

4) Administrative structure

5) Communication with students

j. Internal Assessment Students will be assessed at the end of each block. The weighting of internal assessment is 20% in 2nd professional MBBS Examination. There will be three end of blocks and one pre - annual examination. The scores of tests of each end block assessment and pre-annual examination will be used for calculation of the internal assessment.

k. Annual Professional Examination. The University will take the first professional Examination as per PM&DC guidelines at the end of the academic year. Annual Theory & Practical Examination will be of 200 marks for Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry and 50 marks theory paper of Islamiat and Pakistan Studies. The passing score is 50% in theory and practical separately.

l. Evaluation of the Course. To be filled in by the institute

3.CURRICULUM MAP

CURRICULUM MAP OF

BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT

4.BLOCKS/LEARNING OBJECTIVES

BLOCK-I

(10 Weeks)

MODULE

NO.

MODULE TOPICS

1. Biochemistry of Digestive Tract

2. Bioenergetics and biological oxidation

3. Body Fluids & Water and electrolyte and acid

base balance

4. Carbohydrates Metabolism

1. Introduction: This block comprises of following modules: a. Gastrointestinal system (4 weeks)

b. Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation

c. Carbohydrates metabolism (throughout the Module)

2. Duration:

Total duration of the block is 12 weeks. 10 weeks are for teaching and learning and 2 weeks are for end block assessment a. Gastrointestinal system (4 weeks)

This module focuses on biochemical function of gastrointestinal system along with basic

understanding of structure of abdomen and role of ATP in health and disease. Learning

process involves delivering the content with clinical relevance. At the very outset medical

student should understand the importance of gastrointestinal system in the fields of

Medicine. The research methodology, Behavioral Sciences & Professionalism will be

taught as a part of the longitudinal theme.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, student will be able to:

Correlate the gross developmental features of gastrointestinal system with their biochemical functions and basis.

Apply the knowledge of biochemistry of abdomen to understand relevant clinical

scenarios

Relate the role of ATP and energy metabolism for understanding the disease

process

Relate their relevant knowledge of this module in subsequent years of clinical

training and practice Relate the development, macro and microscopic features, physiological and

biochemical aspects of digestive tract & its associated glands with their specified clinical presentations

b.Carbohydrates Metabolism (Throughout the block). Carbohydrates chemistry and metabolism is very important for understanding different metabolic disorders so this topic will be taught longitudinally throughout the module wherever required. At the end of this module, student will be able to apply the biochemical knowledge of carbohydrates for understanding their related disorders

MODULE 1

BIOCHEMISTRY OF DIGESTIVE TRACT

MODULE 2

BIOENERGETICS AND BIOLOGICAL

OXIDATION

BIOCHEMISTRY

S.No

Topic/

Theme Learning Outcomes Learning Objective/ Instructional Assessment

Course Content Strategies Tool

1. Biochemistry

Relate the

biochemical Describe the Lectures/ MCQ

of Digestive knowledge of composition, SGD SAQ/SEQ Tract Gastrointestinal functions, daily

secretion,

stimulants

secretions to relevant

and depressants of

disorders

Saliva Gastric

Juice,

HCl Pancreatic

Juice,

Bile juice & Succus

entericus, GIT

hormones (gastrin,

secretin, CCK)

Discuss the

digestion

and absorption of

Carbohydrates,

Proteins, Lipids &

Nucleic acids in

human

body

Describe the

biochemical

disorders

of GIT, e.g.

achlorhydria,

peptic

ulcers, lactose

intolerance,

cholelithiasis and

related disorders

2. Bioenergetics

Justify the role of

ATP

Discuss Free

energy, Lectures/ MCQ

and

Biological

and energy

metabolism

Free energy

change, SGD SAQ/SEQ Oxidation in health and disease standard energy

change, Endergonic

and exergonic

reactions and ATP

Describe Respiratory

chain, electron

transport chain &

oxidative

phosphorylation

Describe components

of respiratory chain,

electron carriers, ATP

synthesis coupled

with

electron flow &

phosphorylation of

ADP coupled to

electron transfer

• Describe the

inhibitors of ETC

• Explain the ATP-

synthase, their

relation to proton

pump, PMF, and

active transport

• Describe

Uncouplers and

inhibitors of

oxidative

phosphorylation

MODULE 3

Body Fluids & WATER AND

ELECTROLYTE AND ACID BASE

BALANCE

BIOCHEMISTRY

Topic/ Theme

Learning

Outcomes

Learning

Objective/ Instructional Assessment

Tool Course Content Strategies

Body Fluids +

Appraise the impact

of Discuss LECTURES MCQ/

Water &

water, electrolyte

and biochemistry of PBL SAQ/SEQ

Electrolyte,

Acid

acid base imbalances

on water, fluid CBL

Base Balance human health haemostasis, SGD electrolyte balance

and acid base

haemostasis

Comprehend Acid

base disorders and

blood pressure

Describe Ionization of water & weak

acids, bases, pH

pK

values, pH scale,

Dissociation

constant &

titration

curve of weak

acids

Apply Henderson- Hasselbalch

Equation

Explain the mechanism of

Buffering and pH

homeostasis

Enumerate various types of particles

and solutions in

relation to the

importance of

selectively

permeable

membranes

Describe the importance of

selectively

permeable

membranes,

osmosis, osmotic

pressure, surface

tension, viscosity

&

their importance

related to body

fluids

Explain the Distribution of

body water in

various

compartments

➢ Enlist different

functions of

water in human

body

➢ Explain

regulation of

water balance in

human body

➢ Describe the role

of buffer system

lungs, kidney in

pH maintenance

in human body

➢ Explain clinical

conditions of

hyper and hypo

natremia, hyper

and hypo-

kalemia and

magnesiemia

➢ Discuss various

disorders of acid

base balance

➢ Describe anion

gap and its

clinical

significance

Practical Interpret the results Physical Practical

of

specific gravity of

urine

Examination of

Urine

OSPE

Justify the use of

different solutions in

clinical practice

Types of

Solutions,

their preparation

and clinical

significance

Demonstrate the

working and

application

of pH metery

The techniques

and

instrumentation of

pH metery

*Interpret the results

of separation

techniques

1.Chormatogrpahy

2.Identification of

amino acids by Rf

value

• Recommended by NUMS

MODULE 4

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

CARBOHYDRATES METABOLISM

Learning

Instructional S.No./Topic Topic/ Theme Learning outcomes Objectives/

strategies

Content

Carbohydrate

Relate the

significance of Classify Carbohydrates and Lectures/ MCQ

Chemistry

different

carbohydrates in explain their Biochemical SGD SAQ/SEQ

medicine functions

Discuss the structure and

functions of

Monosaccharaides and

enumerate their various

derivatives

Explain the structure and

functions of Disaccharides

with examples

Describe Oligosaccharides

and their combination with

other macromolecules

Enumerate important

examples of Polysaccharides

and give their

biochemical

role

Metabolism of

Apply the knowledge

of Outline the Phases reactions Lectures/ MCQ

Carbohydrates

carbohydrate

metabolism of Glycolysis and regulation SGD SAQ/SEQ

for understanding of Glycolysis

Describe the bioenergetics

relevant metabolic

of Aerobic and Anaerobic

disorders

glycolysis and their

biochemical importance

Discuss fate of Lactic acid & Pyruvate

Draw Cori’s cycle

Outline the Citric Acid

Cycle-

Reactions

Describe the energetics,

regulation, importance and

amphibolic nature of

citric

acid cycle.

Discuss Gluconeogenesis & state the three important

bypass reaction &

significance of

gluconeogenesis

Compare and contrast

Glycolysis &

gluconeogenesis

Discuss the Glycogen

the reactions of

Glycogenesis and

glycogenolysis.

Outline the importance of

UDP-Glucose & regulation of Glycogen metabolism

Describe the disorders of

Glycogen metabolism (Glycogen Storage

Diseases)

Compare and contrast

Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

Describe Hexose Mono

Phosphate Shunt, its reactions and

importance

Explain Glucuronic acid

pathway, its reactions and importance

Describe the metabolism of

Fructose, Galactose and Lactose

Practicals Perform and

interpret the Estimation and clinical

Practical OSPE

results interpretation of Glucose in blood

Estimation and clinical

interpretation of plasma enzyme Amylase

Experiments on

Carbohydrates qualitative analysis-I

Molisch test

Experiments on

Carbohydrates qualitative analysis-II

Benedicts test

Fehlings test

Experiments on

Carbohydrates qualitative analysis-III

Iodine test

Seliwanoff test

YEAR II BLOCK-II

(10 weeks)

MODULE

NO.

MODULE TOPICS

1. Nucleotide chemistry and Metabolism

2. Biochemical Genetics

3. Neurotransmitters

4. Cancer and Tumour Markers

5. Xenobiotics, Aging and Free Radicals

1. Introduction:

This block comprises of following modules:

Molecular Medicine & Genetics

2. Duration:

Total duration of the block is 10 weeks. 8 weeks are for teaching and learning

and 2 weeks are for end block assessment

3. Preamble

This module provides an insight to biochemical basis of nucleotide, molecular

medicine and Genetics, Xenobiotics, cancer & aging and antioxidants & free

radicals. Learning process involves delivering the content with clinical

relevance. This module allows medical student to understand the importance of

Central Nervous System in the fields of Medicine.

The Research Methodology, Behavioral Sciences & Professionalism will be

taught as a part of the longitudinal theme.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, student will be able to:.

• Relate the basic knowledge of nucleotide metabolism, Molecular medicine

and Genetics, Xenobiotics, Cancer & aging and Antioxidants & free radicals

with their clinical significance

• Apply their relevant knowledge of this module in subsequent years of

clinical training and practice

BIOCHEMISTRY

S.No

. Topic/

Learning

outcomes Learning Objective/

Instruction

al Assessment

Theme Content strategies tool

1 Nucleotide

Relate the

significance Demonstrate the

LECTUR

ES MCQ

Chemistry of different nucleotide understanding of PBL SAQ/SEQ

in medicine Chemistry and CBL

structure of

nucleotide SGD

and their biochemical

role

Explain Nucleotides, structure, their

derivatives and their

biochemical role

Discuss the synthetic derivatives of purine

and pyrimidines,

their

role in health and

disease

Describe Nucleic

acids, their types, structure

and functions

Outline the Synthesis of Purine nucleotides

and

deoxyribonucleotides

Explain the Salvage

pathway of nucleotides

2. Nucleotide

Apply the

knowledge Describe the

LECTUR

ES MCQ

Metabolism of nucleotide

degradation of

purines PBL SAQ/SEQ

metabolism for

with related diseases CBL

understanding

Explain synthesis& SGD

relevant

metabolic

degradation of

disorders

pyrimidines and state

related diseases

Discuss the

formation of Uric acid &

Hyperuricemia

3.

Biochemica

l

Apply the

knowledge Describe DNA

LECTUR

ES MCQ

Genetics of molecular Structure & types PBL SAQ/SEQ

medicine, genetics,

State organization of CBL

and

biotechnology

in

health and

disease Eukaryotic DNA SGD

Explain replication of prokaryotic DNA &

Eukaryotic DNA

Explain Super

coiling of DNA

Describe DNA

Repair Mechanisms

Explain Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Discuss various

Genetic Diseases

Give Structure of

three types of RNA

Outline Prokaryotic

and Eukaryotic

transcription.

Explain Reverse transcription

Describe translation, Post Translational

Modification &

translation of

genetic

code

Write a note on Mutations

Outline regulation of Gene expression

Write a note on

PCR& Southern blotting

techniques

Explain Probes

Explain Prenatal Diagnosis

Discuss Gene

therapy & gene expression

Summarize DNA Cloning

Explain Restriction fragment length

polymorphism

4.

Neurotrans

m

Relate the

importance Write a note on

LECTUR

ES MCQ

itters of various

Catecholamines,

their PBL SAQ/SE

Q

neurotransmitters to

chemistry, synthesis CBL

its clinical

signifcance

and degradation SGD

Explain synthesis and role of Acetyl

choline,

Dopamine,

Serotonin

and Histamine

Discuss the Dopaminergic

neurotransmission

(Including site of

synthesis, stimulus

for

secretion,

mechanism

of action, receptors,

intracellular effects,

target cells, tissues

and

biochemical

role/functions)

Explain synthesis

and biochemical role of

Glutamate, GABA

& NO

5. Cancer and

Correlate

tumor Discuss different tumor

LECTUR

ES MCQ tumor markers in markers PBL SAQ/SEQ

markers different Comprehend genetic CBL

basis of cancer

malignanci

es SGD

Outline the

genetic basis of

cancer

6.

Xenobiotics

, Outline the Describe xenobiotics

LECTUR

ES MCQ

aging and

essential

feature Outline phase 1 and PBL

SAQ/SE

Q

free radicals

of aging

and phase 2 reactions,

CBL

Discuss the properties

genetic factors of SGD

aging of Cytochrome

P450, its functions and

Elaborate the

role

clinical importance

of reactive oxygen

species

and

xenobiotic

s

Practicals

Perform and

interpret Collection and Practical OSPE

the results of given

preservation of clinical

examination specimens

Estimation and clinical

interpretation of Uric

Acid in blood

• Estimation and

clinical

interpretation of

bilirubin in blood

• DNA extraction

• PCR

*Estimation and clinical

interpretation of serum

creatinine in blood

*Estimation and clinical

interpretation of serum

urea in blood

*Recommended by NUMS

YEAR II

BLOCK-III

(08 Weeks)

MODULE

NO.

MODULE TOPICS

1. Biochemistry of Endocrine System

2. Integration and Regulation of Metabolic

Pathways in Various Tissues

3. Nutrition

1. Introduction:

This block comprises of following modules:

Special Senses/Endocrinology & Reproduction (ENR) /Head & Neck

2. Duration:

Total duration of the block is 12 weeks. 10 weeks are for teaching and learning and 2

weeks are for end block assessment

3. Preamble

The emphasis of this module is on histo-morphological and embryological structure of

special senses and endocrinology/reproductive system as well as the mechanisms involved in

regulating hormone levels in an integrated manner. This module also includes the role of

nutrition in different metabolic disorders and allows students to appraise integration and

regulation of metabolic pathways in different tissues. Learning process involves delivering

the content with clinical relevance. This makes medical student to understand the importance

of Central Nervous system in the fields of Medicine.

The research methodology, Behavioral Sciences & Professionalism will be taught as a part

of the longitudinal theme.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, student will be able to:

• Differentiate between H&E stained slides of specials senses, endocrine glands,

integumentary system and oral cavity to predict functional outcomes that result from their

altered structure and function.

• Correlate the embryological basis of specials senses, head and neck and integumentary

system with various relevant congenital anomalies.

• Apply the concepts of gross anatomy of bones, viscera, muscles, neurovascular

components and joints of head and neck to deal with the common prevalent diseases in

future.

• Utilize the knowledge of gross anatomy, arterial supply venous drainage and lymphatic

drainage of the head and neck with special emphasis on the spread of infection from face

to brain.

• Correlate the physiological and biochemical concepts related to special senses and

endocrinology/reproductive system with their anatomical knowledge

• Appraise the integration and regulation of metabolic pathways in different tissues

• Apply the knowledge of nutrition for better understanding of relevant disorders

• Relate their relevant knowledge of this module in subsequent years of clinical training and

practice

o Describe the physiology of special senses including their nervous pathways and

interpret the abnormalities related to them.

o Explain the basic principles of endocrinology along with the functions and related

abnormalities of various endocrine glands.

o Describe the male and female reproductive functions and their abnormalities.

BIOCHEMISTRY

S.No.

Topic/

Theme Learning Learning Objective/ Instructional Assessment

outcomes Content strategies tool

1 Describe the

general

LECTURES MCQ

Biochemistry Appraise the basic SGD SAQ/SEQ

of Endocrine principles of principles of PBL System endocrinology endocrine system CBL

along with the Classify the hormones

biochemical basis according to their

and related chemical nature &

abnormalities

Mechanism of

Action

Explain Cell surface

receptors with special emphasis on G protein coupled receptors ➢ Discuss

Intracellular second messenger signaling cascade

➢ Describe the intracellular ligand receptors

➢ Explain the Site

of synthesis,

stimulus for

secretion,

mechanism of

action, receptors,

intracellular

effects, target

cells, tissues and

biochemical role

& hyper/hypo

secretion of

growth hormone,

thyroid, adrenal

hormones,

androgens and

estrogens,

pancreatics

hormones, and

parathyroid

hormones

Integration

and

regulation

of

Metabolic

Pathways in Different

Tissues

Compare the

role

of different body

organs in

integration of metabolism in

health and

disease

Discuss regulatory

effects of Insulin and Glucagon on CHO metabolism.

➢ Describe the

regulation of Blood Glucose in human

body

Explain

Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and

their regulating

factors

Describe the Diabetes

Mellitus, its Laboratory

findings,

Diagnosis and

biochemical

complications

Describe Feed fast

cycle and explain its adaptation by

different tissues to

changing energy

conditions of the

body

Describe the

Integration and regulation of

Metabolic

Pathways in

Different Tissues

Discuss general

endocrine system

Comprehend

Biosynthesis of

hormones

Discuss regulation of

Secretion

Classify hormones

according to their

chemical nature &

receptor availability

Describe mechanism of

action of Hormones

Discuss

Cell surface receptors

G protein coupled

receptors

Intracellular second

messenger signaling

cascade

Intracellular ligand

receptors

Biochemical

Functions of Growth

Hormone

Synthesis &

Biochemical

Functions of Thyroid

hormone

Biochemical Functions

of adrenal hormones

Androgens synthesis

and Biochemical

functions

Estrogens synthesis

and Biochemical

functions

Biochemical

Functions of

pancreatic hormones

Biochemical

Functions of

parathyroid hormones

Disorders of

hypo/hyper secretion of

hormones

Nutrition

Appraise the

nutritional requirements of each food constituent for better understanding of relevant disorders

Outline

nutritional requirement in different commonly occurring

Give the caloric

requirements of the

human body

Define Balanced Diet

and elaborate

various

DRIs (EAR, DA,

AI, UL),

AMDR

Explain the nutritional

requirements in Pregnancy, Lactation,

new-born and in

nutritional

disorders,

hypertension,

diabetes, cirrhosis,

end stage renal

disease

LECTURES MCQ

SGD SAQ/SEQ

PBL

CBL

disorders

Review hazards

of under and over nutrition

Describe Protein

turnover, amino

acid

Pool, Nitrogen

Balance, BMR,

BMI,

Respiratory

quotient,

Protein Quality

and

Glycemic Index.

Describe the

nutritional requirement and

biomedical

importance of

CHO,

lipid & protein in

human body

Define Malnutrition.

Discuss Protein energy Malnutrition in

particular.

Compare and contrast

between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor

Practicals Perform and Oral Glucose

Tolerance Test & its clinical interpretations

Estimation and clinical

interpretation of plasma enzyme

LDH

Estimation and clinical

interpretation of plasma enzyme

ALT

Estimation of plasma

enzyme ALP and AST and

clinical interpretations

Practical SPE

interpret the

results of given examination

*Estimation and

clinical interpretation of

serum creatine kinase

* Demonstrate the

working and

application of

spectrophotometer

* Demonstrate the

working and

application of Microlab

5.TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

Second Professional MBBS Examination (2020)

BIOCHEMISTRY

Time Allowed =03 hrs (Including MCQs)

Marks of theory paper =80

Internal assessment =20

Total marks =100

Pass Marks =50

40 x MCQs (on separate sheet) (40 Marks) Time =50 min

Q. No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

7x SAQs/SEQs (Recall) = 04 marks each

2x SAQs/SEQs (Application) = 06 marks each

Total Marks =40 Marks

Time = 2 hours & 10

min

NUMBER OF MCQs

(40) 7x SAQs/SEQs 2x SAQs/SEQs

S. No Topic (Recall =17) (Recall) (Application)

(Application=23)

04 marks each 06 marks each 01 marks each

1.

Biochemistry of Digestive Tract +

08 1.5

Nutrition

2. Chemistry of Carbohydrates +

08 1.5

Metabolism of Carbohydrates

3.

Biochemistry of Endocrine

System + 06 01

Neurotransmitters

4.

Biochemical Genetics +

Molecular 06 01

Any 2 from

whole Biology Techniques

Course Bioenergetics & Biological

5. Oxidation+ Integration of

06 01

metabolism + Xenobiotic+

Cancer

Metabolism

Nucleotide Chemistry +

Nucleotide

6. Metabolism + Body Fluids +

Water & 06 01 Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance

7 (28 Marks) 2 (12 Marks)

Total 40 (40 Marks)

09 (40 Marks)

Theory: Internal Assessment (IA) Calculation (20 Marks)

Exams Weightings Exams Percentage

End of Block & Pre- annual 80% End of Block Exam - I 20

Exams End of Block Exam - II 20

End of Block Exam- III 20

Pre-Annual Exam 20

Modular/ Class

Performance 20% Class Tests 20

Total 100% 100%

Table of Specifications for Annual Professional Exam –Practical

Viva (Theory) Practical/OSPE

40 marks

Total 40 marks

Internal External

OSPE (20) Viva +

Examiner Examiner

Journal

Observed Unobserved Performance

(2 Station) (10 Station)

20 20 10 10 15 5 80

Practical: Internal Assessment Calculation (20 Marks)

Exams Weightings Exams Percentage

End of Block & Pre-

annual 80% End of Block Practical/OSPE I 20

Exams End of Block Practical/OSPE II 20

End of Block Practical/OSPE III 20

Pre-Annual Exam 20

Class Performance 20% *SGD/ CBL/ PBL/ Practical 20

Total 100% 100%

* SGD= Small Group

Discussion CBL= Case

Based Learning PBL=

Problem Based Learning

6.SAMPLE MCQS AND SEQS

Sample MCQs and SEQs

Multiple Choice Question (MCQs)

• A multiple-choice question (MCQ) consist of a stem that states the question or problem

followed by a set of possible answers that contain an option that is best answer to the question.

• After reading the questions students should select the appropriate option from the given

possible answers.

• The correct answer carries one mark and incorrect carries zero. There is no negative marking.

Sample MCQ

Which of the following is the major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from the damage

by gastric acid?

A. Pancreatic bicarbonate secretions

B. The endogenous mucosal barrier of the duodenum

C. Duodenal bicarbonate secretion

D. Hepatic bicarbonate secretion

KEY: A

Short essay question (SEQs)

• Short essay questions require students to present written answers that are used to asses basic

knowledge of key facts and provide students with an opportunity to demonstrate reasoning and

explain their understanding of the subject.

Sample SEQ

An infant presents with yellow discoloration of his skin and sclera. On examination he was

anemic and had splenomegaly. His complete blood picture revealed a normocytic anemia

but his haemoglobin electrophoresis was normal. A peripheral smear revealed spiculated

cells. A diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency is made.

a. What is the pathogenesis of hemolysis in this patient?

b. How is glycolysis regulated by fructose 2,6 biphosphate ?

Key:

a.What is the pathogenesis of hemolysis in this patient?

The anemia observed in glycolytic enzyme deficiencies is a consequence of the reduced rate of

glycolysis, leading to decreased ATP production. The resulting alterations in the red

blood cell membrane lead to changes in the shape of the cell and, ultimately, to phagocytosis by

the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, particularly macrophages of the spleen. The premature

death and lysis of red blood cells results in hemolytic anemia.

b. How is glycolysis regulated by fructose 2,6 biphosphate ?

7.FACULTY LIST

Subject : MBBS Biochemistry Faculty Members

Name

CNIC No

PMDC

Reg No

PMDC

Faculty No

Designation

Qualificat

ion

Email Address

Dr. Iram

Fayyaz

61101-

1122012-

4

16303-P 6036/16303-

P/M

Professor &

HOD

MBBS,

MPhil,

DCH

(glassgow)

, CMT

iram_nadeem@yah

oo.com

Dr. Aamenah

Malik

35201-

8861042-

8

45084-P 15671/45084-

P/M

Associate

Professor

MBBS,

MPhil,

CMT

aamenah@gmail.c

om

Dr. Huma

Ashraf

37405-

0314966-

4

1712-

AJK

7789/1712-

AJK/M

Associate

Professor

MBBS,

MPhil,

CMT

huma.monim.zat.as

h@gmail.com

Dr.Hira Sohail 35201-

5979384-

8

62242-P 11596/62242-

P/M

Asst. Professor MBBS,

MPhil

dr_hirasohail@hot

mail.com

Dr. Faiza

Ahmad

42301-

5766925-

2

53152-S 6245-53152-

S/M

Demonstrator MBBS,

Master in

Bioethics,

MPhil

(Part 1)

drfaizaasim@gmai

l.com

Dr.M. Omar

Akeel

35202-

7058816-

7

70114-P 16985/70114-

P/M

Demonstrator MBBS omar.akeel@gmail

.com

Dr, Anam

Malik

35202-

4932842-

8

65637-P 17003/65637-

P/M

Demonstrator MBBS anum.m88@gmail.

com

Dr.Wahaj 35404-

6491565-

5

104925-

P

36328/104925

/P/M

Demonstrator MBBS wahhajqayyum@g

mail.com

Dr.Sabika 42201-

7924144-

8

75596-S 36154/755/96/

S/M

Demonstrator MBBS Sq9312@gmail.co

m

Dr.Iqra 35201-

41490286

104940-

p

37101/104940

-P/M

Demonstrator MBBS Iqrazia.ak@gmail.com

Dr.Amna Noor 35202-

09885170

19389-

D

34539/19389-

D/D

Demonstrator BDS Amannoor432@gmail.com

Dr.Anam Zia 54400153

04634

12696-

D

30431/12696-

D/D

Demonstrator BDS Anam.zia@hotmail.com

Subject : MBBS Biochemistry Ancillary Staff Members

Name CNIC NO Qualification Designation

Naeem Rohela 35201-1305467-7 FA Stoor Keeper

Javied ahmed 35201-6874958-1

FA Head lab Assistant

Zia-Ur-Rehman 38402-7919654-3

DMLS Laboratory Assistant

Naeem Khan 35202-3090119-3 Matric Laboratory Assistant

Usman Ameen 35201-9334542-1

B.Com Computer Operator

Hafiz Muhammad

imran

35201-3270734-1 B.A, Hafiz Laboratory Attendant

Hassan Rasool 35201-78105895 BS.c Laboratory Attendant

8.DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARY

Departmental library

1. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry (MN Chatterjea) 8th Edition

2. Lippincott’s Biochemistry 7th Edition

3. Pre Test Biochemistry and Genetics 4th Edition

4. Instant Biochemistry (Faiq) 2nd Edition

5. Biochemistry A Case-Oriented Approach 4th Edition

6. Textbook of Physiology and Biochemistry 9th Edition

7. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry 29th Edition

8. Hashmi’s complete Textbook of Biochemistry 5th Edition

9. BRS Biochemistry Molecular Biology & Genetics 5th Edition

10. Kaplan Medical Biochemistry and Genetics

11. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry vol1 7th Edition

12. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry vol 2 7th Edition

13. Clinical chemistry : Principles, Methods and Interpretations 3rd Edition

14. Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations 6th Edition

15.Clinical chemistry (MARSHALL) 2nd Edition

16.Organic Chemistry ( Vollhardt)

17.Mathews Van Holde Biochemistry