May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Hybrid systems performance: a case study. Luis Mª...

May 2007 Milan

European Wind Energy Conference

Hybrid systems performance: a case study.

Luis Mª Arribas

CIEMATSpain

[email protected]

May 2007 Milan


May 2007 Milan


Layout of the presentation

1.Introduction2.The proposed hybrid system perfo

rmance assessment procedure.3.Case study: description of the syst

em4.Particularities of wind generation:

analysis of components.5.Analysis of the system.6.Conclusion

May 2007 Milan


May 2007 Milan


1. IntroductionHybrid Systems Performance Work done for Photovoltaics ISPRA’s Guidelines for the Assessment of

Photovoltaic Plants, Documents A, B and C PERFORMANCE Project Performance, reliability and analysis of PV

systems, prepared by the IEA Task II working group

IEC 61724 Standard: “Photovoltaic System Performance Monitoring - Guidelines for Measurement, Data Exchange and Analysis”

IEA PVPS Task XI working group “PV-Hybrids and Mini-Grids”

May 2007 Milan


2. Proposed Procedure

Use IEC 61724 Standard as a starting point Parameters for PV generation

Include wind turbines in the scope of the Standard Parameters for Wind generation in a hybrid

Wind-PV scheme.

May 2007 Milan


Starting point: PV’s performance parameters

PVArray

Power Condtioning Load

Back-Up Utility

Storage

VL IL

PL

-++

-

TU PTU

IFU PFUVBU IBU

PBU

VA IA

PA

GI

Tam

SW

VS VU

ITS

PTS

IFS

PFS

Tm

May 2007 Milan


Starting point: PV’s performance parametersParameter Symb

olUnit

MeteorologicalGlobal direct Irradiance on the PV array

planeHI kWh.m-2.d-1

Electrical Energy QuantitiesNet Energy from the PV Array EA kWh

Net Energy to the Load EL kWh

Net Energy from the Back-Up generator EBU kWh

Total INput energy to the system Ein kWh

Total output energy from the system Euse kWh

PV Array Energy Fraction from the total FA Adimensional

Back-Up Energy Fraction from the total FBU Adimensional

Load Throughput LOAD Adimensional

May 2007 Milan


Starting point: PV’s performance parameters

Parameter Symbol Unit

BOS throughput BOS Adim.

PV Array Production Ratio YA h . d-1

Final PV Array Production Ratio Yf h . d-1

Reference Production Ratio for the PV Array

Yr h . d-1

PV Array Capture Losses Lc h . d-1

BOS Losses LBOS h . d-1

Performance Ratio Rp Adim.

Average PV Array throughput Amean Adim.

Global PV Array throughput tot Adim.

Balance of the System

performance

Average production

ratios

Normalized losses

System performance

indices

May 2007 Milan


New Parameters added to the PV ones

PVArray

Power Condtioning Load

Back-Up Utility

Storage

VL IL

PL

-++

-

TU PTU

IFU PFUVBU IBU

PBU

VA IA

PA

GI

Tam

SW

VS VU

ITS

PTS

IFS

PFS

Tm

WindTurbine

VWT,AC

IWT,AC

PWT,AC

FWT

DW

PA

Hum

May 2007 Milan



Parameter Symbol

Unit

MeteorologicalGlobal Available Wind Energy EGAW kWh.m-2.d-1

Electrical Energy QuantitiesNet Energy from the Wind Turbine EWT kWh

Wind Turbine Energy Fraction from the total FWT Adimensional

EGAW has been defined in the following way:

: measured air density Ws: average Wind Speed for the period of time used in the summation

r

May 2007 Milan



Average production ratios

Parameter Equation Symbol Unit

Wind Turbine Production RatioEWT/PWTN YWT h . d-1

Final Wind Turbine Production RatioYWT x LOAD

Yf,WT h . d-1

Reference Production Ratio for the Wind Turbine

EGAW/PW,ref Yr,WT h . d-1

EGAW/PW,refReference Wind Power

Global Available Wind Energy

May 2007 Milan


Reference Wind Power

3, **2

1sNslrefW WP

There is no common Wind Power Reference for all wind turbines and, so, Wind Power Reference depends upon the specific wind turbine

PW,ref: wind power per unit of rotor area that would be necessary to make the wind turbine work in nominal conditions

WsN: wind speed at nominal power r sl: sea level air density

May 2007 Milan



Normalized losses


Wind Turbine Capture Losses Yr,WT –YWT Lc,WT h . d-1

Wind Turbine BOS LossesYWT x (1-BOS)

LBOS,WT h . d-1

Performance Ratio for the Wind Turbine Yf,WT / Yr,WT RP,WT h . d-1

May 2007 Milan



System performance indices


Average Wind Turbine throughput

EWT / (AWT x EGAW ) WT,mean Adim.

Global Wind Turbine throughput WT,mean x LOAD

WT,tot Adim.

AWT = Wind Turbine rotor area (m2)

May 2007 Milan


7.5 kW SWT 5 kWp PV array20 kVA Genset595 C10 Battery Storage

120 V DC bus voltage

Description of the CICLOPS I system.

May 2007 Milan


Description of the CICLOPS I system.

IFVNREG

VFVNREG

VBAT

IFVREG

ICarga(DC) PotCons

FA

IBAT

IDCturb

PACturb VACturb TBAT

GP

VV

PdsAC VdsAC

IDCturb

May 2007 Milan


4. Particularities of wind generation: analysis of components

Sampling rate

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Time (0.5 seconds/division)

Po

we

r / W

ind

Sp

ee

d

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

Ba

tte

ry V

olt

ag

e

Battery Voltage (Volts)

Wind Speed (cm/seg)

Wind Power (Watts)

Load Power, in Watts,nearly constant

PV Power (Watts)

Quasi-dynamic regulation of Wind charge

converter, trying to maintain the

high battery voltage set-point

May 2007 Milan


4. Particularities of wind generation: analysis of components

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Wind Speed (m/s)

Po

we

r (k

W)

-

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Eff

icie

nc

y

Power Efficiency

Wind direction 225-315Variable Pitch correction

Pre-averaging interval

May 2007 Milan


5. Analysis of the system

Meteorological

Global Direct Irradiance on the array plane

HI 4.88 kWh.m-2.d-1

Global Available Wind Energy

EGAW 3.58

kWh.m-2.d-1

May 2007 Milan



Electrical Energy Quantities PV

Wind

Net Energy from the PV Array EA 16.05

kWh

Energy Fraction from the total energy in the system from the PV Array

FA

0.28

Adim

Net Energy from the Wind Turbine EWT 11.58

kWh

Energy Fraction from the total energy in the system from the Wind Turbine

FWT

0.20

Adim

May 2007 Milan



Electrical Energy Quantities Back-up generator

Load

Whole system

Net Energy from the Back-Up generator EBU 29.38

kWh

Energy Fraction from the total energy in the system from the Back-Up generator

FBU

0.52

Adim

Total Energy IN the system Ein 57.01

kWh

Total Energy output of the system Euse 35.81

kWh

Net Energy to the Load EL 35.81

kWh

May 2007 Milan



Balance Of the System (BOS) component performance

BOS throughput BOS 63 %

May 2007 Milan


5. Analysis of the system: system performance indices

Average Production Ratios PV

Wind

PV Array production ratio YA 3.21

Final PV Array production ratio Yf,A 2.02

Reference production ratio for the PV Array Yr,A 4.88

Wind Turbine production ratio YWT 1.54

Final Wind Turbine production ratio Yf,WT 0.97 Reference production ratio for the Wind Turbine Yr,WT 2.13

May 2007 Milan



Normalized losses PV

Wind

PV Array Capture Losses Lc,A 34.2 %

PV BOS Losses LBOS,A 37 %

Performance Ratio for the PV Array Rp,A 41.4 %

Wind Turbine Capture Losses Lc,WT 27.7 % Wind BOS Losses

LBOS,WT 37% Performance Ratio for the Wind Turbine Rp,WT 45.6 %

May 2007 Milan



System Throughput indices PV

Wind

Average PV Array Throughput Amean 9.0 % Global PV Array Generation Throughput A,tot 5.7 %

Average Wind Turbine Throughput WTmean 11.4 % Global Wind Generation Throughput WT,tot 7.2 %

May 2007 Milan


Conclusion

A Hybrid System Performance Assessment procedure has been introducedSome particularities of wind generation arise At least for demonstration projects, monitoring for:

long-term assessment, characterization of components, analysis of the system, gain more understanding on hybrid systems.

This is a step ahead in the assessment of PV-Wind Hybrid systems, but there is still much more work to be done

May 2007 Milan


THE END

Thank you for your attention

May 2007 Milan


May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Hybrid systems performance: a case study. Luis Mª...

Documents

Transcript of May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Hybrid systems performance: a case study. Luis Mª...