Matter and Change - Review

8/4/2019 Matter and Change - Review

1/12

Review


2/12

What Makes up Matter? Describe the three kinds of subatomic particles

Neutron in the nucleus, no electrical charge, has amass

Proton in the nucleus, positive electrical charge, has amass

Electron in the electron cloud at various energylevels, negative electrical charge, no significant mass

Atomic Number = number of protonsAtomic Mass = number of protons + neutrons

Isotope = atoms of same element with differentnumbers of neutrons


3/12

What Makes up Matter?Why is an elements atomic number important?

The atomic number is the number of protons it is whatdefines the element


4/12

What Makes up Matter? How is the periodic table organized?

In order of atomic number, where columns of elementshave similar chemical properties (due to number of

valence electrons)

Metals on left side

Nonmetals on right side


5/12

What Makes up Matter?What are three ways that atoms can form bonds with

one another?

1. Covalent bond sharing electrons2. Ionic bond elements give and receive electrons to

become charged ions and then attract due toelectrical charge

3. Metallic bond many atoms sharing many electrons


6/12

How Does Matter Behave?What determines a substances state of matter?

Kinetic energy of its particles


7/12

How Does Matter Behave? Describe the role that thermal energy plays in changes

of state

Adding or removing thermal energy causes particles tospeed up or slow down and results in a change of state


8/12

What Are Physical Properties and Changes? How do physical changes affect a substance?

They change the appearance/physical properties of thesubstance but not the composition


9/12

What Are Physical Properties and Changes?What is the difference between homogeneous and

heterogeneous mixtures?

Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout evenly mixed

Heterogeneous mixtures are not the same throughout


10/12

What are Chemical Properties and Changes? How do chemical changes differ from physical

changes?

In a chemical change new substances are formed

In a physical change, the substance changes state, butnot composition


11/12

What are Chemical Properties and Changes?What factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

1. Number, or concentration, of reactant particles (the

more reactant present, the faster the reaction)2. Total surface area of the reactants (smaller pieces,more surface area, faster reaction)

3. Nature (reactivity) of the reactants

4. Temperature higher temps speed up reactions5. Additional substances that inhibit (slow down) or

catalyze (speed up) the reaction


12/12

What are Chemical Properties and Changes?What does pH tell you about a solution?

Whether the solution is acidic, basic or neutral

Low pH solutions release hydrogen ions (H+) and are acidic

High pH solutions release hydroxide ions (OH-) and arebasic

A neutral solution has a pH of 7

Neutralization is the reaction of a base with an acid toform a salt and water

Matter and Change - Review

Documents

Transcript of Matter and Change - Review