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Matter and Change1A. Basic VocabularyMatter-Anything that takes up space and has mass.Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object; mass is the amount of matter the object contains.Volume-how much space an object occupies2B. States of Matter1. Solids-have a definite volume and definite shape; molecules vibrate in placeLiquids-No definite shape but definite volume; molecules move slowly taking on the shape of their containerGas-no definite shape or volume; move very fast

What states of matter are represented in the photograph?

44. PlasmaMakes up 99% of the visible universeThe most common form of matterA very energetic gas in which electrons are stripped from the atoms.

Plasma can be found in the Sun and Lightning Stars and

SolidLiquidGasPlasma

Close up view of atoms and their behaviorAnimated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

5. Changing Statesa. Changing states requires a change in pressure or temperature (adding or taking away energy)b. Processes of change1. gas to liquid2. liquid to solid3. Solid to gas4. solid to liquid5. Liquid to gascondensationfreezingsublimationmeltingevaporation, boilingMaterials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain. Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. Substances can be identified as either an element, compound, or a mixture.

C. Types of Matter9A pure substance that cannot be broken down any furtherhas just one type of atomAtoms are the smallest part of an elementCan be one atom or a molecule (2 atoms joined)Examples might be Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H).These 4 are necessary to all lifeSymbol-represents an element

1. ELEMENT2. Compoundscontains two or more different atoms (elements) joined together. This is a molecule and it is the smallest part of a compound a chemical reaction is needed to separate elements in a compound. Examples would be water, salt, sugarRepresented by formulas: H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6

3. mixtureA mixture contains two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically.A mixture can contain both elements and compounds. There are two kinds of mixtures.a. Homogeneous -equal parts; evenly mixed solutions like saltwater or koolaid.b. Heterogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad dressing

D. Properties of Matter1. Properties used to describe matter can be classified as:Extensive depends on the amount of matter in the sample- Mass, volume, calories are examplesIntensive depends on the type of matter, not the amount present- Hardness, Density, Boiling Point

132. Types of properties arePhysical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the materials composition (identity).-Examples- color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, texture, odor, sizeChemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material. -Examples- ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react with oxygen, etc.14Physical change- A type of change that alters a material without changing its chemical composition.Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crackIs boiled water still water?Is a cut piece of wood still wood?Can be reversible, or irreversibleE. Changes in Matter152. Chemical change - a change where a new substance is formed that is different than the originalExamples: Burning, corroding, decomposingEvidence of a chemical change includeEnergy (light, heat or both) is absorbed or releasedEndothermic-heat is absorbed cooling temperaturesExothermic-heat is released raising temperatures and often giving off lightColor changesGas production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)