matika - IUCN

SocMon S.E. Asia 1

matika GarmÖkfa .............................................................................................................................. 4

EpñkTI1³ etIesovePAenHbgðajGMBIGVI? (WHAT IS THIS ALL ABOUT?) ........... 7

1>1 ehtuGVIRtUvRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm? (Why SocMon?) ......................................... 7

1>2 etIeKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmCaGVI? (What is SocMon?) ...... 8 1>3 etIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmeFVIkaredayrebobNa?

(How does SocMon work?) ............................................................................. 9 1>4 etIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmbegáIteLIgsRmab;GñkNa?

(Who is SocMon for?) .................................................................................. 11

1>5 etIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmkMNt;eTAelIGVIxøH? (What are SocMon’s limitations?) .............................................................. 12

EpñkTI2³ ehtuGVI´RtUvsikSaB½t’manesdækic©sgÁm? (WHY SHOULD I DO THIS?) ..................................................................... 20

2>1 karvaytémøPaBFn;rbs;sgÁm b¤k_ shKmn_ eRbobeFobPaBFn;eTAnwgRbB½n§ eGkULÚsIu (Assessing Social/Community Resilience vis-a-vis Ecosystem

Resilience) ..................................................................................................... 20 2>2 karRtYtBinitüskmμPaBeRbIR)as;FnFan nigkarb:HBal;FnFanmkelItémø nig

esvakmμRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu (Monitoring Resource Use Activities and Their

Impact on Ecosystem Goods and Service) ................................................. 20 2>3 EsVgyl;BITsSn³epSgKñarbs;RbCaCn elIsßanPaB kareRbIR)as; nigkarpøas;bþÚr

RbB½n§ eGkULÚsIu (To Understand People’s Perceptions About Ecosystems

Status, Use and Change) .............................................................................. 21

2>4 karkMNt;sar³sMxan; témø nigGtßRbeyaCn_CaRbéBNIelIFnFan nigkareRbIR)as; (Determining the Importance, Value and Cultural Significance of

Resources and Their Uses) .......................................................................... 22

2>5 karvaytémøehtub:HBal; viC¢man nigGviC¢man énviFankarRKb;RKg (Assessing

Positive and Negative Impacts of Management Measures) ..................... 22

SocMon S.E. Asia 2

2>6 karvaytémøelIRbsiT§PaBRKb;RKgy:agdUcemþc (Assessing How the

Management Body Is Doing [management effectiveness] ) ..................... 22

2>7 begáItkarcUlrYmBIsMNak;édKUBak;B½n§ nigerobcMkm μviFI Gb;rM nigpþl;cMeNHdwg smRsb (Building Stakeholder Participation, and Appropriate

Education and Awareness Programmes) .................................................. 23

2>8 karbegáItB½t’manmUldæansRmab;RKYsar nigshKmn_ (Establishing Baseline

Household and Community Profile) ......................................................... 23

EpñkTI3³ etImanGVIxøHEdl)anCab;Tak;Tg? (WHAT IS INVOLVED?) .............. 24

3>1 etIGñkNaKYrEteFVIkarRtYtBinitü? (Who Should Do the Monitoring?) ............. 24 3>2 etIdMeNIrkarsRmab;eFVIkarRtYtBinitümanGVIxøH? (What is the Process for Doing

the Monitoring) ............................................................................................ 25 3>3 etImanGVIxøHEdlRtUvkaredIm,IbegáIteRKagkarN_RtYtBinitü? (What Is Needed to

Develop the Monitoring Framework?) ...................................................... 25 3>4 etIGñkRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc? (How Do I Collect the Data?)..................... 28 3>5 etIGñkNaKYrEtRtUv)aneRCIseFVIsmÖasn_sRmab;sÞab;sÞg;mti (Who should be

interviewed for the surveys?) ........................................................................ 32

3>6 etIkarRtYtBinitüRtUvkarry³eBlb:unμan? (How long should the monitoring

take?) ............................................................................................................ 33

3>7 etIkarRtYtBinitüRtUvkarfvikab:unμan? (How mucth will the monitoring cost?) 34 3>8 etIkarRtYtBinitüCajwkjab;bBa©b;eTAy:agdUcemþc? (How often should the

monitoring be done?) ................................................................................... 35 3>9 etITIkEnøgEbbNaEdlKYreFVIkarRtYtBinitü?(Where should the monitoring

take place?) ................................................................................................... 35 3>10 etIGñkeRbIlT§plsikSaCaGñkNa? (What is the audience for the results?) .... 35

EpñkTI4³ etITinñn½yGVIxøHEdlRtUvRbmUl? WHAT DATA DO I COLLECT? ... 38

4>1 etIlkçN³vinicä½ymanGVIxøH? (What are the variables?) ................................... 38

4>2 etIlkçN³vinicä½ymYyNaEdl´eRbI? (Which variables do I use?) .................... 43

SocMon S.E. Asia 3

EpñkTI5³ etIeyIgRtUveFVIGVIxøHCamYyTinñn½yTaMgenH? ............................................ 50

5>1 karviPaK (Analysis) ......................................................................................... 50 5>2 kareFVITMnak;TMng¼karqøúHbBa©aMg (Communication/Feedback) .......................... 51

5>3 PaBsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg (Adaptive Management) ........................................ 55

ÉksarbEnßm ÉksarbEnßm A: lkçN³vinicä½y .............................................................................. 56

ÉksarbEnßm B: karsÞg;emIllkçN³vinicä½y..................................................... 114

ÉksarbEnßm C: karENnaMcuHeFVIsmÖasn_RKYsar ................................................ 161

ÉksarbEnßm D: taragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½y EdlmanRsab; ............................................................................ 166

ÉksarbEnßm E: taragviPaKénkarcuHeFVIsmÖasn_RKYsar ............................... 175

SocMon S.E. Asia 4

GarmÖkfa *****

ÉksarsþIBI } eKalkarN_ENnaMRtUtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm} KWRtUv)anykmkeFVIkarERbsRmYl BIPasaGg;eKøsmkCaPasaCatiEx μr eRkamkarCYy]btßmBIGgÁkar IUCN-RbcaMenAkm<úCa nig IUCN-

RbcaMTIRkug)agkk nigerobcMcgRkgedayKeRmag } karcUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr} ehAkat;fa PMCR rbs;GKÁnaykdæanrdæ)alkarBar nigGPirkSFm μCati énRksYgbrisßan.

eKalbMNgsMxan;EdlRkumkargar PMCR erobcMcgRkgÉksarenH KWcg;[GñksikSaRsavRCav RKb;vy½EdlCakulbuRt nigkulFitaEx μr manCMnajkan;Etl¥RbesIr edIm,IcUlrYmCamYykic©xitxMRbwgERbg rbs;rdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigBiPBelakkñúgTsSn³vis½y karGPivDÆRbkbedaycIrPaB EdlnaMmkkaryl; dwgBIshKmn_ nigTMnak;TMngrbs;BYkeKeTAnwgFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT BiessCYyGPivDÆn_smtßPaB xøÜgÉgpg nig shKmn_mUldæanEdlkMBugRtUvkar[eyIgCYyBYkeKpg.

xøwmsaremeronnImYy²enAkñúgÉksarenH KWR)akdCaCYypþl;nUvcMeNHdwgy:agTUlMTUlay nigman karENnaMnUvviFIsaRsþTaMgLaydl;GñkEdlkMBugsikSaRsavRCav [ecHGnuvtþpÞal;CamYyRkumshKmn_ enAtammUldæan nigrebobRbmUl cgRkg nigviPaKTinñn½y¼B½t’man sRmab;CYYydl;kargarsgÁmTaMg karGPirkS nigGPivDÆn_.

RkumkargarKeRmag PMCR manesckþIsgÇwmfa eRkayBIGs;elak elakRsI nigyuvvy½EdlCa GñksikSaRsavRCav )anGannigEsVgyl;elIxøwmsar nigkarENnaMenAkñúgÉksarenHehIy enaHR)akdCa TTYl)annUvsmtßPaBÉkeTsCMnajbEnßmeTot BiessviFIsaRsþRtYtBinitünigvaytémøesdækic©sgÁm nigCYybegáInRbsiT§iPaBkargarrbs;xøÜn[TTYl)aneCaKC½yCak;Caminxan.

CaTIbBa©b; RkumkargareyIg´ sUmEføgnUvGMNrKuNy:ageRCaleRCAcMeBaH Gs;elak elakRsI nigyuvv½yTaMgGs; kñúgkarcMNayeBld_mantémørbs;Gñk cUlrYmGan nigsikSaEsVgyl;eTAelIxøwmsar énÉksarenH. bEnßmBIenHeTot eyIg´sUmGFüaRs½ypgEdr nUvral;kMhusqÁgkñúgRbkarNamYy nig sUmsVaKmn_ral;mtiEklm¥kñúgn½ysßabna edIm,ICYybMeBj[karerobcMÉksarsikSaenAeBleRkay man lkçN³kan;Etl¥RbesIreLIg nwgTTYl)ankareBjcitþBIGñkGan nigGñksikSa.

PñMeBj éf¶TI 25 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2011

Kwm Nug RbFanKeRmagRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr

SocMon S.E. Asia 5

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN &'&'&'

Rkumkargarbec©keTsénKeRmagkarcUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr sUmEføgGMNrKuNy:ag RCaleRCA cMeBaHfñak;dwknaMRksYgbrisßanTaMgGs; CaBiess Ék]tþm bNÐit m:uk m:aer:t eTsrdæmRnþI rdæmRnþIRksYgbrisßan Ék]tþm Fwk eRKÓnvutßa rdæelxaFikarRksYgbrisßan nigÉk]tþm cay samitþ RbtiPUraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa TTYlbnÞúkCaGKÁnaykrdæ)alkarBar nig GPirkSFmμCati EdlEtgpþl;karKaMRTdl;RkumkargareyIg´ TaMgkarcuHsikSaenAmUldæan nigkarerobcM cgRkgr)aykarN_ nigÉksarsikSanana.

sUmEføgGMNrKuNCaBiess cMeBaHGs;elak elakRsI Edl)anraynamxageRkam kñúgkar CYypþl;CaÉksar nig]btßmÖdl;karbkERb nige)aHBum<esovePAenH ³

- elak Dr. Robert Mather, S.E. Asia Country Group Head, IUCN Regional Office

- GñkRsI Maeve NIGHTINGALE, Coordinator, Regional Coastal & Marine Programme IUCN Asia Ecosystem Livelihoods Group, Sri Lanka

- elak Kg; KwmeRsg mRnþIkm μviFICan;x<s;rbs;GgÁkar IUCN RbcaMenAkm<úCa - elak su‘M TUc mRnþIrdæ)al nighirBaØvtßúrbs;GgÁkar IUCN RbcaMenAkm<úCa

RbsinebIKμankic©shkar nigkar]btßmÖKaMRTx<s; BIÉk]tþm elak elakRsITaMgGs;xagelIeT RkumkargareyIg´ minGacseRmc)annUvÉksarsikSad_mansar³RbeyaCn_enHeLIy.

e)aHBum<eday IUCN –Cambodia shkarCamYyRksYgbrisßan.

rkSasiTi§ KeRmag}karcUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr} GKÁnaykdæanrdæ)alkarBarnigGPirkS FmμCati RksYgbrisßan.

RbPB karcmøgecjBIkare)aHBum<enH kñúgeKalbMNgGb;rM b¤mineFVIGaCIvkmμ RtUv)an GnuBaØat nigpþl;siT§i edayeKarBtamxøwmsareedImTaMgRsug. karcmøgsRmab; dak;lk; b¤eFVIGaCIvkmμedayK μankarGnuBaØatBIm©as;km μsiTi§nwgRtUvhamXat;.

esckþIdkRsg; Hoon V, Sriskanthan G, Townsley P, Cattermoul B, Bunce L, and Pomeroy

B 2008. eKalkarN_RtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmsRmab;GñkRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr kñúgtMbn; GasuIxagt,Úg (SocMon South Asia. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Colombo,

Sri Lanka / CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden) ISBN 978-2-8317-1116-4

SocMon S.E. Asia 6

rUbPaBelIRkbesovePA rUbPaBRkbmux BIeqVgeTAsþaMEpñkxagelI³ varIvb,kmμciBa©wmxügcMBuHTaenAqksmuRTekaHkug ¬QUgeRCayRbs;¦ karGPivDÆpÞHsMNak;bENþtTwkenAtMbn;EdnCRmkstVéRBBamRkesab karsikSaCamYyRkumshKmn_mkBIekaHkaBi ekaHRseLA nigeRCayRbs; rUbkNaþalKWéRBekagkagenAEdnCRmkstVéRBBamRkesab

rUbPaBRkbmux BIeqVgeTAsþaMEpñkxageRkam³ skmμPaBensaTrbs;RKYsarshKmn_enAQUgeRCayRbs; karlk;dUrenAkñúgshKmn_ekaHRseLA extþekaHkug skmμPaBshKmn_TMlak;RbGb;sIum:g_karBares μAsmuRT nigCRmkRtI extþekaHkug

rUbPaBRkbxageRkay BIeqVgeTAsþaMEpñkxagelI³ GñkRbmUlxügBIéRBekag sßitenAtMbn;EdnCRmkstVéRBBamRkesab extþekaHkug rUbbnÞab;TI2 nigTI3 tMbn;eGkUeTscrN_éRBekagkag nigeP£óvCiHTUkkMsanþ

rUbPaBRkbxageRkay BIeqVgeTAsþaMEpñkxageRkam³ smaCikshKmn_bgðajplitplshKmn_enA»kastaMgBiB’Nfñak;Cati smaCikRkumkargarrbs;KeRmag karcUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr (PMCR)

RkumkargarKeRmagcuHsikSaesdækic©sgÁmCamYysmaCikshKmn_kñúgextþekaHkug RkumkargarerobcMcgRkgÉksar

- elak Kwm Nug RbFanRkumkargar nigCaRbFanRKb;RKgKeRmagtMbn;eqñr - elakRsI sr b:Urin GnuRbFanRkumkargarerobcMEksRmYlÉksar - kBaØa Tit hYtvDÆna GñkCMnYykarbkERb - kBaØa eGOn bBa©anaf GñkCMnYykarbkERb - elak biuc m:Ur:an; GñkCMnYykarEksRmYl - elak Q eGElt GñkerobcMrUbPaB RkahVik nigtarag - elak Qin nit GñkCMnYykarerobcMcgRkgÉksar

SocMon S.E. Asia 7

EpñkTI1³ etIesovePAenHbgðajGMBIGVI? (WHAT IS THIS ALL ABOUT?)

1>1 ehtuGVIRtUvRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm? (Why SocMon?) GñkRKb;RKgFnFaneqñryl;eXIjfa FnFantMbn;eqñrminGacRKb;RKg)anyUrGEgVg edayEp¥k

eTAelICIvrUbsaRsþEtm:üagenaHeT. \riyabT nigkareRbI R)as;FnFantMbn;eqñrrbs;shKmn_ BitCamanCab;Tak;Tg KñaeTAnwgsuxPaBCIvrUbsaRsþ énRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu eqñrsmuRT. karRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr mantémødUcKñaeTAnwgsuxPaB esdækic©sgÁmrbs;shKmn_ ehIyB½t’manGMBIesdækic©sgÁm KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; dl;RbsiT§iPaBRKb;RKg tMbn;eqñr. ]TahrN_³

• enAtMbn;karBarFm μCatismuRT b¤ bwg hamXat;karensaT kñúgeKalbMNg karBarCRmkRtIBg nigRbePTEdlkMBugTTYlrgkarKRmamkMEhg shKmn_ensaTEdlsßitenAtMbn;enaH EtgEt naMKñatv:a edaysarBYkKat;xøac)at;bg;rbrciBa©wmCIvit. karBinitüemIlTsSn³vis½y rbs;Gñk mUldæan nigCIvPaBrs;enArbs;shKmn_tMbn;eqñr vaCYy[eyIgyl;dwgcMeBaHkarsRmbxøÜn nigkareqøIytbrbs;BYkKat; eTAnwgkarpøas;bþÚrnana. kic©karenH GacCYydl;GñkRKb;RKg kMNt;)any:agc,as;fa etIGñkNaxøHgayTTYlrg\T§iBl ehIyRBmTTYlyknUvCeRmIsén karciBa¢wmCIvitepSg² cUlrYmeFVIesckþIseRmccitþkñúgshKmn_ nigTTYlykvin½y nigc,ab;nana Edl)anEcg.

• GñkerobcMeKalneya)ay nigRbCaCnmYycMnYn cg;dwg fa etIkarbegáIttMbn;karBarFmμCatismuRT vaman RbsiT§iPaBEbbNa. B½t’manGMBIkarpøas;bþÚrTsSn³ rbs;RbCaCn cMeBaHkarTTYlykbTbBa¢afμ I nigGnuvtþ c,ab;fμ I vaGacbgðajBIPaBCaKC½y b¤ braC½y én skmμPaBRKb;RKg k¾dUcCabBa¢ak;TTYlsÁal;nUvtMbn; karBarFm μCatismuRTpgEdr.

• TItaMgmhnþray ¬]Ta> sUNamI¦ KeRmagGPivDÆn_ KWesñI[ykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkarciBa©wmCIvit. dUecñH

esovePARtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmén tMbn;GasIuGeKñy_KWCaeKalkarN_EnnaM edIm,IbegáIt[mankmμviFIRtYtBinitü esdækic©sgÁmelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr

kñúgGasIuGeKñy_.

vamansar³sMxan;Nas;EdlbBa¢ak;fa³ esovePARtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmKW min EmnCaeKalkarN_EnnaMEdlmansPaB twgEtgenaHeT. GñkeRbIR)as;esovePA enH nigRkumRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm RtUvecHeRCIserIsviFIsaRsþsmRsbeTA nwgtRmUvkarTItaMgsikSarbs;xøÜn dUc Edl)anBiPakSaenAkñúgEpñkTI4>2 ¬sUmemIlkrNIsikSaenAcugbBa©b;én

EpñkenH¦.

SocMon S.E. Asia 8

kareRbIesovePAeKalkarN_ENnaMRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm KWGacFanafa KeRmagTaMgenaH )anykcitþTukdak;BicarNaTaMgbBaðabrisßan nigkarRKb;RKgFnFan nigyl;dwgBIPaBbn;Ebn rbs;shKmn_. karBinitüemIlPaBpøas;bþÚr EdlBak;B½n§CamYykarGPivDÆ nigkarelIkkMBs; rbrciBa¢wmCIvit KWGacFana)annirnþrPaBGPivDÆn_ cMeBaHkarERbRbYlnana nigkarciBa¢wmCIvit rbs;RbCashKmn_mUldæan.

• eKalbMNgcMbgrbs;km μviFIGb;rMfμ I KWepþateTAelIshKmn_tMbn;eqñr. edayEp¥keTAelIkar yl;dwgGMBIbMNgpSBVpSayB½t’maneTAkñúgshKmn_ ¬]Ta> karRbCMu TUrTsSn_ nigkaEst¦. kRmiténkarecHGkSr nigkarGb;rM RBmTaMgeTAelIRkumEdlmanTsSn³xus²KñacMeBaHkar KRmamkMEhg GñkRKb;RKgGacbEnßm b¤ bnßykmμviFI edIm,IGnuvtþ[)ansmrmü nigmann½y eBjeljkñúgkarpSBVpSay ehIyRtUvFanafa GñkcUlrYm)anyl;GMBIxøwmsarTaMgenaH.

c,as;Nas;fa edIm,ITTYl)aneCaKC½yelIkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr GñkRKb;RKgRtUveFVI[ mantulüPaBcMeBaHkareRbIR)as;RbkbedaynirnþrPaB karkarBarnigGPirkSFnFan CamYynwgtRmUvkar rbs;RbCaCnkñúgshKmn_ sRmab;snþisuxes,óg karciBa©wmCIvit nigEsVgrkkMhusnanaeTAelIkareRbI FnFan. karyl;dwgcMeBaHbribTxagelIenH KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; sRmab;eFVIkarvaytémø BüakrN_ nigRKb;RKgkareRbIR)as;FnFan. B½t’manGMBIesdækic©-sgÁm KWpþl;karEsVgyl;BIsgÁm vb,Fm’ esdækic© nigcriklkçN³neya)ay RBmTaMglkç½NÐénmnusSmñak;² RKYsarnImYy² Rkumd_éT² sßab½n epSg² nigshKmn_. vak_GacCYydl;GñkRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrpgEdr kñúgkarkMNt;GaTiPaBénbBaða nigepþateTAelI karRKb;RKgNa EdlmanGaTiPaBsmRsb.

1>2 etIeKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmCaGVI? (What is SocMon?) eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm KWCakRmgeKalkarN_ENnaMEdl)anbegáIt eLIgsRmab;kmμviFIRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm enAtamtMbn;eqñrEdlmankarRKb;RKg. eKalkarN_ENnaM enH )anpþl;nUvtaragEdlmanGaTiPaBelIbERmbRmYlesdækic©sgÁm ehIyvamanRbeyaCn_dl;Gñk RKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr k¾dUcCabBa¢IsMnYrsRmab;RbmUlTinñn½y nigtaragsRmab;viPaKTinñn½ypgEdr.

eKalkarN_ENnaMenH RtUv)anrMBwgTukfa CameFüa)aysRmab;tRmUvkareRbIR)as;enAtMbn; RKb;RKgnImYy² ehIyvak¾CaédKUCamYynwgeKalkarN_ GCRMN pgEdr ¬eKalkarN_sþIBIesdækic© sgÁmsRmab;RKb;RKgFnFanpáaf μ¦.

SocMon S.E. Asia 9

eKalbMNgénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm KWedIm,I ³ • pþl;nUvviFIsaRsþsRmab;RbmUlTinñn½y

énesdækic©sgÁm Edlmansar³RbeyaCn_ dl;karRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr enAtam fñak;mUldæan.

• CYypþl;RbB½n§Tinñn½ymUldæan rbs;tMbn; EdlTinñn½yTaMgenaH GacCYydl;kareRbI R)as;Tinñn½y enAfñak;Cati fñak;tMbn; nig fñak;GnþrCati.

• CYydl;karBiPakSa edIm,IbegáInkic©shkar fñak;tMbn; kñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT tamry³bNþajkargarrbs; mRnþICMnajEdl)ancUlrYm.

CaFm μta enAkñúgtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_ GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLay)aneFVIkaredaHRsay eTAtamkRmit CMnajnImYy²rbs;BYkeKelIbBaðaénPaBRkIRkkñúgcMeNamGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan BiesseFVIkarCamYyGñk RkIRkrhUtdl;GñkTIT½lRkbMput. eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmmaneKalbMNg pþl;[GñkRKb;RKgyl;kan;EtsIuCeRmA cMeBaHGñkTaMgLayNa EdlmanCMnajsavta CaGñkviTüasaRsþ b¤RKb;RKgFnFan edIm,I[Tinñn½yesdækic©sgÁm mann½yRKb;RKan; nigGacykeTAeRbIR)as;)an sRmab; beRmI[tMbn;eKaledArbs;xøÜn.

GñkviTüasaRsþsgÁm)annwgkMBugsikSaRsavRCavBIesdækic©sgÁmGs;CaeRcInTsvtSr_mkehIy enAkñúgtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_. dUcenH GñksikSasþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm enAtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_ KYrEteRbIbc©úb,nñPaBénkmμviFIRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmenH. esovePAeKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYt Binitüesdækic©sgÁmenH manbMNgbMeBjbEnßmnUvPaBxVHcenøaHnana eday)anerobcMCaKMrUbTdæanEdl manenAkñúgeKalkarN_ENnaMenHsRmab;kargarenAfñak;tMbn; fñak;Cati nigfñak;mUldæan.

1>3 etIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmeFVIkaredayrebobNa? (How does SocMon work?) kmμviFIRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm )anbBa©ÚlbYndMNak;kalsMxan;² dUc)anbgðajxageRkamenH ³

karRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmKWEsVgyl; nigrk[eXIj nUvkarpøas;bþÚrTsSn³vis½yrbs;mnusS eTAelIkareRbI R)as;FnFansmuRTknøgmk edIm,ICYydl;kareFVIesc- kþIseRmccitþRKb;RKgFnFan[Tan;eBlevla nigtam kal³eTs³ edaycUlrYmpþl;CeRmIsry³eBlEvg sRmab;PaBcenøaHRbehagénB½t’mansþIBIsgÁm vb,Fm’ esdækic© nigGPi)alkic© sRmab;RbCaCn shKmn_ Rkum nigsßab½nTaMgLay[)aneTotTat; ehIyk_CYydl;kareFVIviPaK nigkarqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelI dMeNIrkar eFVIEpnkar nigkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ. karRtYtBinitüenHKWminEmnCacugbBa©b;éndMeNIrkargarrbs;xøÜneT Etmann½yfa eFVI[RbesIreLIg nigbegáIn témøelIkargarRKb;RKgFnFanrbs;eyIg.

SocMon S.E. Asia 10

1- kareRtomTukCamun ³ rYmbBa©Úl kareRCIserIsTItaMgsikSa kMNt;eKaledAénkarRtYtBinitü

esdækic©-sgÁm nigkMNt;RkumsikSa. 2- erobcMeRKagkarRtYtBinitü³ rYmbBa©Ül karyl;dwgBIbribTshKmn_ eKalbMNgRKb;RKg nig

karyl;eXIjepSgKñarbs;shKmn_ eRCIserIsdMeNIrkarEdlGacbt;Ebn)anedIm,IGnuvtþkar RtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm nigkMNt;GñkBak;B½n§sRmab;BieRKaHeyabl; (See GCRMN

Manual, Chapter 1). 3- karRbmUlB½t’man³ tamry³RbPBB½t’manEdlmanRsab; (See GCRMN Manual, Chapter

2) eRbIbec©keTsRbmUlB½t’manBIRkumeKaledA nigGñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ Rsg;B½t’man nig BinitüsegÁtsßanPaBtMbn;sikSaenH (See GCRMN Manual, Chapter 3) nig

4- karbBa©ÚlTinñn½y karviPaK karpSBVpSay nigsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg (See GCRMN

Manual, Chapter 4).

enHKWCadMeNIrkarGnþrkmμeTAvijeTAmk EdllT§pléndMNak;kalnImYy² man\T§iBleTAelI karvinicä½yCamun ehIytRmUv[mankareFVIeLIgvijnUvdMNak;kardMbUg. ehtuenHvaTamTar[manPaB bt;Ebn nigpøas;bþÚreTAtamkal³eTs³. bERmbRmYlénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm ¬sUmemIlEpñkTI4 nig]bsm<½n§ A¦ KW)anbgðaj edayEp¥kelIcMNat;fñak;énbMErbMrYlrbs;va k_dUcCaeTAtambMNgénkarRbmUlTinñn½y³ B½t’manBIRbPB TI2 ¬Tinñn½ymanRsab;¦ Gñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_sMxan;² karBinitüGegát bec©keTsRbmUl nig¼b¤ Rsg;B½t’manBIRkumeKaledA. GñksikSa)anEbgEckrebobenH edIm,I[mankarTak;TgKñaeTAvijeTAmk CamYynwgkarENnaMeFVIbTsmÖasn_BIrEbb³ TImYysRmab;TTYlykBIRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; TIBIrTTYl )anBIRkumeKaledAnigGñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ nigkarsÞg;mtidéT²eTot. PaBERbRbYlk¾)ankMNt;pgEdr nUvRbePTlkçN³B½t’man EdlvaGaRs½yeTAelIeKaledAsMxan;²rbs;GñksikSa ¬sUmemIlEpñkTI

3-karRbmUlB½t’man1 kareRtom TukCamun

2 erobcMeRKag

karRtYtBinitü RbPB karykB½t’man cuHRsg;mtitam TIBIr RkumeKaledAsMxan;² RKYsar nigGegÁt

4 viPaKTinñn½y nigpSBVpSay

SocMon S.E. Asia 11

4>2>2¦. vacaM)ac;Nas;edIm,IbBa¢ak;bEnßmfa viFanRtYtBinitüesdækiic©sgÁm KWminEmnCaeKalkarN_ EdlmanPaBrwgsþÚkenaHeT. GñkeRbIR)as;eKalkarN_enH nigRkumRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm KWRtUvecH eRCIserIsPaBbt;Ebn ¬dak;bEnßm b¤dkecj¦ nUvviFIsaRsþTaMgLayNa EdlCatRmUvkarsRmab; tMbn;sikSa dUc)anBiPakSakñúgEpñkTI 4 xageRkamenH.

1>4 etIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmbegáIteLIgsRmab;GñkNa? (Who is SocMon for?) skmμPaBRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmenAkñúgtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_ Cajwkjab;)annwgkMBugedaHRsay

EvkEjkCamYyCnRkIRkEdlkMBugeRbIR)as;FnFan ehIykargarenHtRmUv[mankar ykcitþTukdak;bMput cMeBaHkarBak;B½n§mk elIshKmn_RkIRk nigGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan TaMgenaH. vak_manPaBCMBak;CMBin pgEdr cMeBaHRbPBTinñn½yEdl)anRbmUl. CaerOy² CnRkIRkBi)akEsVgyl;Nas; ehIyBYkeKmingaybgðajxøÜn nigtaMgxøÜn CaGñkpþl;B½t’mansMxan;eLIy. dUecñH Gñk eRbIR)as;eKalkarN_RtYtBinitüesdækic© sgÁmenH RtUvykcitþTukdak;kñúgkarkMNt; GtþsBaØaN faetInrNaCaCnRkIRk nig kMBugeRbIFnFankñúgshKmn_ ehIyRtUv EsVgyl;fa etIGñkTaMgenaH)anbBa©Úlkñúg dMeNIrkarsikSaEdrb¤eT.

CneKaledAcMbg EdlTTYlyk B½t’man BIkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm KWCaGñkRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr EdlrYmman³ mRnþIRKb;RKgenAtMbn;enaH GaC£aFrmUldæanrbs;rdæaPi)al GgÁkar sgÁmsIuvil nigRbCaCnmUldæan ¬]Ta> shKmn_ensaT b¤shKmn_eRbIR)as;FnFan FmμCati>>>¦. rIÉCneKaledAbnÞab; EdleRbIR)as;B½t’manTaMgenH KWRKwHsßanGb;rM GgÁkarfñak;tMbn; nigfñak;GnþrCati.

PaBRkIRkKW)ansayPay nigminecHcb; enAtamtMbn;eqñr CaeRcInkñúgtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_. xN³eBlEdlvaCargVas; kñúgEpñk vaytémøkRmitR)ak;cMNUl snþisuxes,og kRmitén karciBa©wmCIvit RTBüFnpÞal;xøÜn nigl½kçx½NÐsuxPaB Edl CaerOy² PaBRkIRkTak;TgnwglkçN³rcnasm<½n§RKb;RKg EynD½r sgÁmvNÑ³ ehIykRmitEdlsgÁmminsUvTTYl sÁal; KWCnTIT½lRkbMput. edayehtufa shKmn_RkIRk enAtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_ mankarlM)akkMNt;GtþsBaØaN nig Bi)akbBa©ÚlBYkeK “karvaytémøedaymankarcUlrYm”. BYkeKTaMgenaHrYmman RsþIEdlCaemRKYsar cas;Cra GñkCm¶W Gñk)at;bg;suvtßiPaBBlkmμ vNÑ³tUcTab nigRkumkulsm½n§ Edl)anpat;ecjBIGnuPaBénCIvitksagshKmn_ ehIy BYkeKTaMgenH mankarsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarTMnak;TMngCamYyGñk eRkAshKmn_. Canic©kal BYkeKTaMgenH EtgmanGarmμN_ fa karbeBa©jmtirbs;BYkeK minmansar³sMxan;eLIy. ehtuenH GñksikSaRsavRCavRtUvykcitþTukdak; nigGt;Fμt; edIm,IFanabBa©ÚlBYkKat;eTAkñúgl½kçx½NÐsgÁm elIdMeNIr

karsikSaRtYtBinitüvaytémø .

SocMon S.E. Asia 12

1>5 etIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmkMNt;eTAelIGVIxøH? (What are SocMon’s limitations?) eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm KWCakRmgeKalkarN_ENnaMmUldæan Etva

min)anepþateTAelIral;smasPaBTaMgGs;rbs;esdækic©sgÁmenaHeT ¬dUcCa min)anBiPakSaCak;lak; eTAelItYnaTIeynD½rdac;edayELkenaHeT¦. eKalkarN_ENnaMenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIgsRmab;kMNt; GaTiPaB nigsmasPaBEdlmankarBak;B½n§Kña edaycMNayeBlticbMput ebIeFobeTAnwgeKalkarN_ esdækic©-sgÁm sRmab;RKb;RKgFnFanpáafμ (GCRMN) Edl)anpþl;karbkRsayBisþarcMeBaHkrNI sikSasmasPaBénkarvaytémøesdækic©-sgÁm. ehtuenHvaRtUv)aneKrMBwgTukfa Rkumkargar)an eFVIkarRbwkSaCamYyÉksareKalkarN_esdækic©-sgÁmsRmab;RKb;RKgFnFanpáafμ ¬Biess]bsm<½n§ A³ ):ar:aEm:Rtesdækic©-sgÁm¦ RbsinebIlT§plenH vasßitq¶ayBItRmUvkarCaGaTiPaBrbs;eKalkarN_ ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm.

eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmenH min)anBnül;[)anek,aHk,ay eTAelI RKb;cMNucTaMgGs;GMBIviFanénkarRbmUlTinñn½yeLIy ¬]TahrN_³ karENnaMGMBIkareFVIsmÖasn_¦. cMeBaHviFanlMGitTaMgenH KWRtUv)anpþl;EtenAkñúgeKalkarN_esdækic©sgÁmsRmab;RKb;RKgFnFanpáaf μ (GCRMN) Etb:ueNÑaH EdlmankarbkRsayy:agTUlMTUlay GMBIkarENnaMeTAelIkarRbmUlTinñn½y esdækic©sgÁm rYmmankarsmÖasn_ karGegáttamdan nigkarRbmUlTinñn½yBIRbPBTI2 ¬sUmemIlCMBUk TI3³ karRbmUlTinñn½ytamry³karcuHtammUldæan¦. dUcenHva)anpþl;eyabl;fa GñksikSaRtUveRbI R)as;ÉksarTaMgBIrenH EdlÉksareKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm (SocMon) KW sRmab;kMNt;GaTiPaBsmasFatuykmksikSa erobcMbBa©IsMnYrsRmab;sYr nigerobcMtaragedIm,IviPaK Tinñny½ rIÉrebobGnuvtþn_Cak;lak; KWsikSatamry³eKalkarN_ENnaMesdækic©sgÁmsRmab;RKb;RKg FnFanpáafμ (GCRMN).

SocMon S.E. Asia 13

krNIsikSashKmn_EdlBwgEp¥keTAelIesdækic©-sgÁmtamry³karRtÜtBinitü skmμPaBTak;Tgpáaf μ enAekaHGahÁaTI énshPaBEdndIbwgsadevb RbeTs\NÐa1

vInItahUn2 ekaHGahÁaTImanTItaMgenA 10o51’énExSRsbxageCIg nig 72oénExSRsbxagekIt KWCaekaH

EdlsßitenAcugPaKxaglickñúgshPaBEdndIbwgsadevb énRbeTs\NÐa. ekaHGahÁaTIKWCaekaH Edl sm,ÚreTAedaypáafμduHCaCYr²eRbóbdUcCaPñMenAeRkamsmuRT sßittambeNþayLakaDIv-qakUs Edlman

CeRmARbmaN 1500 Em:Rt nigkMBs; 4000 Em:Rt enA PaKxaglicéneqñrsmuRTRbeTs\NÐa. ekaHGahÁaTI manépÞdI 2,7 KILÚEm:Rtkaer: nigmanbeNþay 7,2 KILÚEm:Rt ehIyenAPaKxageCIgéntMbn;enHmanRbCaCn cMnYn 7072nak; sñak;enA3 nigmanTMenomTmøab4; eFVIrbrensaT ehIymansiT§ikan;kab;tMbn;dIeKakéntMbn; ekaHGahÁaTI rYmmanekaHkal;BITI EdlCaekaHtUc² nwg manf μb:RbHTwk sßitenACuMvijekaHGahÁaTI PaKBay½Bü nig bwgEdlenACuMvijekaH)aghÁaram TINakara )a:er:llI I II nig III. naTsvtSr_knøgmk manPsþútag)an bBa¢ak;fa

mankarERbRbÜly:agqab;rh½sxagesdækic© nigsgÁm edayesdækic©pøas;bþÚrBIkarRbkbrbrtamlkçN³ RbéBNId¾sm,ÚrEbb eTACaBaNiC¢kmμtamEbbbUB’aRbeTsvij.

KeRmagshKmn_mUldæan EdlBwgEp¥kkarRtÜtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm )anbegáIteLIgenAqñaM 2001-2002 edaymankarKaMRTBIsMNak; GCRMN GasuIxagt,Úg. KeRmagenH maneKalbMNg TMnak;TMngCamYyshKmn_enAkñúgtMbn; edIm,IRtÜtBinitü nigsikSaRsavRCavBIkarRKb;RKgFnFanpáaf μ. kmμviFIRtÜtBinitü)andMeNIrkaredayeFVIkarRbmUlTinñn½y nigbegáItkmμviFIbegáIncMeNHdwgenAelIekaH. sm<aFEdlekItmaneTAelItMbn;dMupáafμb:RbHTwkTaMgenaH GackMNt;)anedayskm μPaBCaeRcIn ¬man skmμPaBmYycMnYn RtÚv)anhamXat;edayrdæ)alRKb;RKg¦. kñúgnamkm μviFI EdlEp¥keTAelIsgÁm 1The study was carried out with financial support from GCEMN SA and CORDIO. 2 Managing Trustee, Center for Action Research on Environment Science and Society (CARESS) and SocMon South Asia consultant for IUCN

3 V.Hoon,B.Abdul Shukoor, O.G. Moosa, A.E. Ayoob,M.I. Cheriyakoya, M.C. Mohammad Ali, A.Hajara, B.Moosakoya, N.M.Tajunnissa and P.P Aboobacker, 2002, “Socioeconomic assessment and monitoring of coral reefs of Agatti Island-UT of Lakshadweep”, Project Completion report. CERESS, Chennai, India. 4 V.Hoon and J. Tamelander, 2005, “Community-based monitoring of coral reef resource use in Agitti Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India”in D. Souter and O. Linden (eds.), Coral Reef Degradation in the India Ocean: Status Report 2005. Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Kalmar, India

SocMon S.E. Asia 14

suIvil køwbyuvCnenAkñúgtMbn; nigGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al )ancab;epþImeFVIkarRtÜtBinitüeTAelIskmμPaB RKb;RKg EdlcaM)ac;5. BYkeK)anedIrtYCaRkúmCRmúj[manskmμPaBRKb;RKg Gnuvtþ nigGPirkS.

eKalbMNgénkar):an;RbmaNesdækic©-sgÁmmandUcCa³ - sRmbsRmÜlkarcUlrYmCamYyédKUBak;B½n§ edIm,IbegáInkaryl;dwgGñkrs;enAelIekaH BI

lkçx½NÐesdækic©-sgÁm ehIypSarP¢ab;BYkeKeTAnwglkçx½NÐénkareRbIR)as;FnFan FmμCati.

- kMNt;faetIédKUBak;B½n§[témøeTAelIFnFanpáafμy:agdUcemþc. - kMNt;karKRmamkMEhg nigehtub:HBal;eTAelI

páafμ. - ):an;RbmaNBIRbsiT§iPaBénkarRKb;RKg nigGtß-

RbeyaCn_EdlshKmn_TTYl)an RBmTaMg RbsiT§iPaBényuT§saRsþRKb;RKg.

- begáItTinñn½ydMbUgénkarsikSaesdækic©-sgÁm. - pþl;B½t’manCUnrdæ)alRKb;RKgbwgsadevb nigCRmuj

[GñkEdlkMBugeFVIkargarBak;B½n§nwgbrisßanenAtMbn;enaH begáInRbsiT§iPaBeFVIEpnkarRKb; RKg)ankan;EtRbesIreLIg.

- begáItbribTRtÜtBinitü nigkmμviFIRtÜtBinitü edayBwgEp¥kelIshKmn_mUldæan. edIm,ITTYl)aneKaledATaMgenH mCÄmNÐlskm μPaBRsavRCavviTüasaRsþbrisßan nigsgÁm

(CARESS) EdlCaGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alBak;B½n§nwgbrisßan nigmanTItaMgenACinéN ehIyshkar CamYybNþajRtÜtBinitüpáaf μenAekaHGahÁaTI )anerobcMsikçasala sþIBI esdækic©-sgÁm edIm,IebIkvKÁ bNþúHbNþaldl;Gñksμ½RKcitþrbs;shKmn_ enAekaHGahÁaTI edIm,IEsVgyl;BIB½t’mansMxan;². enAkñúg kMLúgeBlvKÁbNþúHbNþal sikçakam)anpþl;Éksar GCRMN Manual EdlCYydl;GñksikSa sRmab;eronpgnigykeTAGnuvtþpÞal;pg ehIyCalT§plsikçakam)anTTYlkarhVwkhat;edaypÞal; BIrebobeRbIR)as;]bkrN_ PRA nigkarbegáItckçúvis½ysRmab;RKb;RKg.

vKÁbNþúHbNþalenH erobcMeLIgedayepþatkaryl;dwgBICIvPaBrs;enArbs;shKmn_EdlBwg GaRs½yeTAelICIv³FnFanenAkñúgtMbn; karxitxMelIkargarensaT kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_ensaT

5 See footnote 3,

karRbmUldMupáaf μenAekaHGahÁaTI

SocMon S.E. Asia 15

rcnasm<½n§rdæ)alRKb;RKg cMeNHdwgTUeTArbs;shKmn_ kareRbIFnFankñúgtMbn;BYkeK karyl;eXIj epSg²Kña nigkaryl;eXIjrbs;mnusSmñak;²eTAelIkarERbRbÜlFnFan rYmTaMgmUlénmUlehtub:HBal; nigRbsiT§iPaBeTAelIFnFanpgEdr.

tamry³lT§plénvKÁbNþúHbNþal TRmg;bribTf μ I nigEpnkarRtÜtBinitüRtUv)anbegáIteLIg. taragTI 1 CataragsegçbéndMeNIrkarRbmUlTinñn½ysRmab;kar):an;RbmaNesdækic©-sgÁm.

taragTI1. dMeNIrkarRbmUlTinñn½ysRmab;karvaytémøesdækic©sgÁm CMhanRbmUlTinñn½y ry³eBl etIGVIxøHEdl)anGnuvtþ

sikçasala SocMon

bNþúHbNþaldl;Gñk s μ ½RKcitþrbs;shKmn_

2 s)aþh_ RkumshKmn_)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþal[ecHerobcMEpnkar vaytémøesdækic©-sgÁm nigeRbIR)as;]bkrN_ PRA Edl dkRsg;ecjBI kar):an;RbmaNtémøesdækic©-sgÁm. karsikSa edayGnuvtþpÞal;RtUv)anGnuvtþ nig GCRMN Manual

RtUv)anpþl;[BYkeKykmkeFVICakarbBa¢ak;bEnßm. lkçN³vinicä½y skmμPaB¼karseRmc karRbmUlTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;

mun 1 s)aþh_én karerobcMvKÁbNþúH bNþal RtUvBinitü emIlCaTUeTAnUvkic©karenAmUldæan

• RbCasaRsþenAelIekaH • esvakmμshKmn_ • EdndIensaT • ÉksarBak;B½n§ c,ab; nig

r)aykarN_RsavRCav

RtUvsikSatambNÑal½yén sßab½nrdæ nig viTüasßanRsav RCavnana EdlBak;B½n§nwg shPaBEdndIbwgsadevb

eFVIkarsÞg;mti tamry³ karRbmUlB½t’man

2 éf¶ kMLúgeBl RbmUlTinñn½yEdl manRsab;

eFVIkarBnül;dl;RbFan shKmn_ GaCJaFrEdndI sßab½nrdæ manCaGaTi_ EpñkeTs crN_ EpñkClpl kMBg;Ep nigEpñksuxumalPaBsgÁm

Bnül; nigBiPakSaeRkApøÚvkar edIm,I ENnaM nigeFVIEpnkar vaytémøkargar CamYy CnbegÁal

vaytémøesdækic©sgÁm edayeRbIR)as; viFan bec©keTs PRA bRBa¢abeynD½rkñúgkar sikSavaytémøesdækic©

2 Ex • TRmg;ekaH-eRbIBaküGñkPUmi edIm,IB’NnaGMBIekaHnigRbB½n§ eGkULÚsuIpáaf μ

• KMrUénkareRbIR)as;páaf μ TMenomTmøab;énkarensaT karRbmUlpl eTscrN_

eFVIGegát eFVIBMnuHkat;TTwg

(transect), RkumeKaledA BiPakSa FGD , smÖasn_tam RKÜsarnImYy² nigCnbegÁal CamYykRmgbBa©IsMnYr faetI GñkNaeFVIGVIxøH eTAtam Gayu

SocMon S.E. Asia 16

sgÁm KWminRtUvdak;dac; edayELkeLIy

kareFVIBaNiC¢kmμplensaT • cMeNHdwgCalkçN³RbéBNI • GPi)alkic©elIFnFan RbéB

NIGnuvtþc,ab; b¤TMenom TMlab;

• karyl;eXIjepSg²KñaeTA elIkarRKb;RKgrbs;GaCJaFr nigtRmÚvkar

• karsn μtkñúgkarTak;Taj nig minTak;TajTIpSar

• karyl;eXIjepSg²Kña rbs;édKUBak;B½n§

• vtßúKμantémøeRbIR)as; • karyl;eXIjepSg²Kña

eynD½r nigrdUvkal eRbIbec©k eTsckçúviBaØaN KUrEpnTIFn Fan erobcMRbRktITinrdUvkal cat;lMdab;fñak; sÞg;mtiBIkar yl;eXIjepSg²Kña nigcMNUl RKÜsar eRbIdüaRkamEv:n viPaKRbPBbBaða (problem tree analysis) ¬GñkcUlrYmRtÚv)aneRCIserIs edayecaH² Ep¥keTAtamRkum skmμPaBrbs;BYkeK rYmman GñkensaTEdlEp¥ktam ]bkrN_ nigGñkCMnYjpl ensaT Ep¥ktamplitpl¦

smÖar³eRbIR)as;kñúgkar rs;enA nigkarsÞg;mti

1 Ex • rcnasm<½n§muxrbr nigRbPB cMNUl

• smÖar³eRbIkñúgkarrs;enA • TsSn³kñúgkarpøas;bþÚr

kRmgsMnYrRtÚv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,I bMeBj[smÖasn_eRkA pøÚvkarN_ SSI nigRkumeKal edABiPakSa FGD eday Ep¥keTAelIB½t’manNaEdl Bi)akkMNt;

erobcMeKalkarN_RtYtBinitü EdlbegáIteday RkumshKmn_ ACRMN

• RtÜtBinitüral;skmμPaB Tak;Tgnwgpáafμ

• RtÜtBinitüBITMhM nigTm¶n; • TsSn³kñúgkarpøas;bþÚr

Cajwkjab; -RbcaMéf¶ 10 éf¶mþg erogral;Ex 5 éf¶mþg erogral;qñaM

suBlPaB 2éf¶bnÞab; kñúgkMLúgeBl sikSavaytémø

eFVIbTbgðajBIKnøwHénkarsikSa dl;édKUBak;B½n§ nig rdæ)al RKb;RKgekaH

eTAtamkarcaM)ac;

SocMon S.E. Asia 17

edayEp¥keTAelIPaBcaM)ac;énkarvaytémøesdækic©-sgÁm nigGvtþmanEpnkarRKb;RKgpøÚvkar mYycMnYnrbs;rdæ)alRKb;RKgbwgsadevb CalT§plbNþajRtYtBinitüpáaf μ ACRMN )anbegáItbribT RtÜtBinitü EdlGacmanRbeyaCn_dl;shKmn_. bribTTaMgenaH RtÚv)anvas;EvgeTAtamTItaMgtMbn;f μ b:RbHTwkEdlrgkarb:HBal;edaysarskmμPaBrbs;mnusS. RkúmbNþajRtYtBinitüpáafμ ACRMN )anseRmceFVIkarRtÜtBinitüBIcMnYnRbCaCnEdl)aneRbIR)as; tMbn;fμb:RbHTwk nigFnFankñúgQUg TaMg karciBa©wmCIvit nigbrimaNplcab; ¬mandUcCaRtI mwk RKM nigpáafμFM² RKÜs nigxSac;¦ kareRbIR)as; RbePT]bkrN_xus²Kña nigTsSn³epSg²Kñarbs;GñkeRbIR)as;FnFan EdlCab;Tak;TgnwgsßanPaB FnFanpáafμ. B½t’manEdlTTYl)anRtÚvykmkviPaK nigerobcMCar)aykarN_ rYcbBa¢ÚneTAkan; naykdæanrdæ)alRKb;RKgbwgsadevb. r)aykarN_krNIsikSasþIBI PaBRkIRk nigpáafμ RtÚv)ane)aHBum< eday IOC/UNESCO kñúgqñaM 2002 niglT§plEdl)anBIkarRtÜtBinitüRtÚv)ane)aHBum<Ca r)aykarN_ nigRBwtþb½Rtrbs; CORDIO. RkúmbNþajRtYtBinitüpáafμ ACRMN )anerobcM sikçasala nigvKÁbNþúHbNþalCasaFarN³ edIm,IbeRgóndl;shKmn_elIekaH BIcMNucKnøwH edIm,I RtÜtBinitüral;skmμPaBEdlTak;TgnwgtMbn;fμb:RbHTwk nigbegáItkic©RBmeRBóg edaycat;TukekaH GahÁaTI CatMbn;zbnIyEdnsmuRT. karvaytémøesdækic©sgÁm)anbgðajfa³

RbB½n§Rbkan;ykExSRsLayxagmþay EdlsÁal;faCa Marumukkatayam RtÚv)anlub bM)at; ehIyc,ab;sarIy:a EdlCac,ab;sþIBI karEbgEckRTBüsm,tþi nigGcln³RTBü RtÚv)anykmkGnuvtþ edayc,ab;enHmankarGnueRKaHdl;burskñúgkarTTYl)anmrtk eRcIn CagRsþI ¬sUmemIl kMNt;cMNaMelx3¦.

karensaTedayBwgEp¥kelItMbn;fμb:RbHTwkedIm,IRbmUlykRbÚetGuIn nigR)ak;cMNUl KWman kRmitx<s;CageK. tamr)aykarN_)anbgðajfa manRKÜsar 20 PaKry enAekaH GahÁaTI ykkarensaTenAtamf μb:RbHTwkCamuxrbrcMbgrbs;BYkeK6.

xSac; RKÜs nigdMupáaf μFM² KWmansar³sMxan;sRmab;sMNg; ehIyRbCaCnEdlRbmUl RKÜsTaMgenaH mankaryl;eXIjfa vaminmaneRKaHfñak;dl;páafμenaHeT Edlkaryl;eXIj enH vapÞúyBIsBaØabRmam min[mankarRbmUlykRKÜs nigdMupáaf μFM² ¬sUmemIlkMNt; cMNaMelx 3, 4, 5¦.

6 V. Hoon, 2003, “A case study on Lakshadweep islands”, in E. Whittingham, P. Townsley and J. Campbell (eds.), Poverty and Reefs: Vol 2, IOC/UNESCO.

SocMon S.E. Asia 18

Tak;TgeTAnwgkaryl;dwgBIlkçx½NÐpáafμ tamkarsÞg;mtimancMnYn 52 PaKry énRKÜsar nImYy²kñúgshKmn_ yl;eXIjfa páafμminmanGVIERbRbÜlTaMgGs;ebIeFobnwgkalBImun ehIycMnYn 40 PaKry minmaneyabl; nigcMnYn 10 PaKryeTot yl;fa páafμkMBugrg karb:HBal; cab;taMgBImankarekIneLIgnUvskm μPaBTak;Tg nwgpáafμ dUcCa karkMeTcecal karxUcxatedaysaryuT§fáa nigedaysarkarkMBb;eRbgBIm:asuInTUk ¬sUmemIlkMNt;cMNaM elx3¦.

karekIneLIgnUv]sSahkmμeTscrN_ dUcCakarsagsg;kEnøgkMsanþsRmab;ePJóveTscr kñúgRsúk nigbreTs enAelIekaHGahÁaTI nig)ahÁaram ehIyKeRmagsagsg;bnþbnÞab;eTot KWenAekaHTInNakara EdlCaerogral;éf¶ mankarehaHehIrcMnYnBIrelIkeq<aHeTAkan;ekaH GahÁaTI cab;BIEx]sPa qñaM20077 mkemø:H.

skmμPaBRtÜtBinitSskmμPaB nigkaryl;dwgepSg²KñaTak;Tgnwgpáafμ)anbgðajfa³ \riyabTpøas;bþÚreTArkeTscrN_muCTwkedaynaeBlbc©úb,nñ Gñkrs;enAelIekaH)anKitfa

eTscrN_muCTwk KWCamuxrbrEdlrkkéRm)aneRcIn dUcenHBYkKat;)aneTAsikSavKÁmuCTwk edIm,I)anviBaØab½NÑb½Rt EdlGacCYy[BYkKat;kñúgkarbegáItmCÄmNÐlmuCTwk b¤eFVIkarenA TIenaH)an.

kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_enACuMvijekaHPaKeRcIn KWEpñkClFasaRsþ k¾dUcCa]bkrN_rbs;Gñk ensaTenAelIekaH EdleRbIR)as;eTAtamRbePTEdlBYkKat;cg;ensaT. Ep¥ktamTinñn½y BIGñkensaTRbcaMéf¶8 EdlmancMnYn 3030 EdlCaTUeTA mYyÉkta]bkrN_ensaT KW TTYl)an 1/66±0/07 KILÚRkam kñúg 1nak; kñúg1éf¶.

karensaTRbcaMqñaMmanRbmaNeRcInCag 61000 etan Capl)anmkBIQUgEdl manTMhM 12 KILÚEm:Rtkaer: ehIyesÞIrEtBak;kNþaléncMnYnsrub 2 PaKry )anmkBIkarensaT xusc,ab; dUcCa karensaTelIsBIcMnYn 20 KILÚRkam. karensaTFM²PaKeRcIn KW)aneRbI ]bkrN_ensaTxusc,ab; dUcCamgensaTTMhMFM²CaedIm.

7 V. Hoon, O. G. Moosa, M.I. Cheriyakoya, V.M. Shamsuddin, A.E. Ayoob, S. Hussian, A. Hajara, B. Moosakoya and N. M. Tajunnissa, 2005, “Community-based monitoring of reef-related activity of Agatti Island-UT of Lakshadweep”, Project completion report, CARESS, Chennai; 62 pp. 8 J. Tamelander and V. Hoon, 2008, “The artisanal reef fishery on Agatti Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India”, in D.O. Obura, J. Tamelander and O. Linden (eds.), Ten Years after Bleaching- Facing the Consequences of Climate Change in the India Ocean, CORDIO Status Report 2008, Coastal Oceans Research and Development, India Ocean)/Sida-SAREC, Mombasa; 400 pp. In press. Available at htt//:www.cordioea.org

SocMon S.E. Asia 19

karensaTtamtMbn;páaf μmansar³sMxan;sRmab;RbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn; ¬kñúgkarrkR)ak;cMNUl sRmab;RKÜsar nigykmkeFVICaGahar¦ KwenAmankRmitx<s; nigmankarekIneLIg EdlGac bBa¢ak;)anfa rcnasm<½n§xagRbCasaRsþenAelIekaH k¾dUcCakarbegáIttMbn;eKaledAensaT tamtMbn;páaf μ manRtINab:UeLGug RtIesk RtIFM² nigBBYkRtItukEk BBYkRtIs<úg sRmab;TI pSarnaMecj9 KWRtUvEtKitKUr.

tamkarvaytémøesdækic©sgÁm KWbgðajBITidæPaBepSg²Kña EdltRmUv[mankarykcitþTukdak; enAeBlerobcMEpnkarRKb;RKg. karRKb;RKgCapøÚvkar nigkarRbmUlTinñn½yensaT KWRtUvykcitþTukdak; [RKb;RCugeRCay BiesseTAelIskmμPaBBaNiC¢km μsMxan;² dUcCa³ GñkRbmUlplRtIFUNa KWmin)an KitKUrcMeBaHGñkensaTtUctacedIm,IciBa©wmCIviteLIy ¬sUmemIlkMNt;cMNaM elx3¦. eFVIdUcenH eTIb kat;bnßyPaBcenøaHRbehag énkarRKb;RKgbrisßan nigkarRKb;RKgFnFanenAekaHGahÁaTI ehIyk_dUc Ca CYykat;bnßykarEbgEckCemøaHrvagRbCaCn EdlmancMeNHdwg nigsiT§ieRbIR)as;FnFankñúgtMbn; CamYynwgkarRKb;RKgrbs;GaCJaFrd¾éT²eTot. karvaytémøesdækic©-sgÁm k_)anCYypgEdrdl; GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al kñúgkarerobcMEpnkaryuT§saRsþrbs;xøÜn CYydl;karciBa©wmCIvitrbs;shKmn_ nigyuT§saRsþTMnak;TMng edIm,IbegáItkic©RBmeRBóg[manskmμPaBRKb;RKg. TaMgenHKW)anbgðaj Psþútag elIskmμPaBm©as;karrbs;shKmn_kñúgqñaM 2008 enAeBlEdlGñkrs;enAelIekaHGahÁaTI )anesñIsuM[rdæ)alRKb;RKgbwgsadevb kMNt;[mantMbn;karBarFmμCati nigeFVIshRKb;RKgkñúgtMbn; ekaHGahÁaTI ehIyEdlRtÚv)aneKehAfatMbn;GPirkSGahÁaTI.

9 See footnote 7.

SocMon S.E. Asia 20

EpñkTI2³ ehtuGVI´RtUvsikSaB½t’manesdækic©sgÁm? (WHY SHOULD I DO THIS?)

B½t’manesdækic©-sgÁmRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;edayGñkRKb;

RKgtMbn;eqñr sRmab;eKaledAepSg² rbs;BYkeK. eKaledAmYy Tak;Tgdl;karRtYtBinitüRtUv)ankMNt;edayRkumkargar Edl GaceRCIserIslkçN³Cak;lak;smRsbmYy sRmab;karRbmUl Tinñn½y. enAEpñkTI4 KW)anykmkBiPakSa nUvlkçN³ TIkEnøg niglkçN³dMeNIrkar edaybBa©ÚlkñúgtaragsMKal;lkçN³ Edlmansar³sMxan;sRmab;RbmUlTinñn½y eTAtameKalbMNgEdlRtUvkar.

2>1 karvaytémøPaBFn;rbs;sgÁm b¤k_ shKmn_ eRbobeFobPaBFn;eTAnwgRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu (Assessing Social/Community Resilience vis-a-vis Ecosystem Resilience)

B½t’manBIesdækic©-sgÁm nigKMrUénkarciBa©wmCIvit GacbgðajBIPaBFn;rbs;shKmn_mUldæan ebI eRbobeFobeTAmUldæanénFnFanFmμCati. karERbRbYlGakasFatu PaBGab;GYr nigCRmabTwkéRbBI smuRT KW)ancab;epþImBinitü nigsikSanaeBlfμ I²enH edayGñkviTüasaRsþsarBa’gÁkay BIPaBFn;én RbB½n§eGkULÚsIu. karERbRbYlTaMgenaH mankarb:HBal;mkelICIvPaBrs;enA EdlRbB½n§eGkULÚsIuBwg GaRs½yedayshKmn_mUldæan nigman\T§iBlmkelIsuxmalPaBrbs;BYkeK. karCYyRbCaCn[EsVg yl;BIsßanPaBERbRbYlénRbB½n§eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñr-smuRT BImUlehtunana nigkarCab;CMBak;CMBin nig »kaseFVI[RbesIreLIg KWCaCMhandMbUgEdlmansar³sMxan;bMputkñúgkarksagPaBxøaMgrYmKñasRmab; tRmUvkarénkarpøas;bþÚr. RbsinKμankarrYmKñaeTenaH vanwgmankarlM)akedIm,ICYyshKmn_cab;epþImts‘U nwgkarRKb;RKg. karEsVgyl;BIPaBFn;rbs;shKmn_ GacCYyGñkRKb;RKgFnFanFmμCati erobcMktþa nana EdlCYyedaHRsaydl;CeRmIsénkarciBa©wmCIvitshKmn_mUldæan nigCYykat;bnßyPaBGMNt;RTaM énkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;BYkeK EdlBwgEp¥kelIFnFanFm μCati.

2>2 karRtYtBinitüskmμPaBeRbIR)as;FnFan nigkarb:HBal;FnFanmkelItémønigesvakmμRbB½n§ eGkULÚsIu (Monitoring Resource Use Activities and Their Impact on Ecosystem

Goods and Service)

tamry³karRbmUlB½t’manBIGñkeRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRTedaypÞal;nigedayRbeyal eyIgGackMNt;cMnYnEdl)anykmkeRbIR)as; b¤cMnYnRbCaCn nigGñkBak;B½n§EdlTTYlRbeyaCn_BI

eKaledATaMgenHmanRbePTepSg² KñaeTAtamtMbn;. GñkRKb;RKgeqñr nig RkumRtYtBinitü RtUvecHécñRbDit eKaledATaMgenH edIm,IeRbIR)as;enA tMbn;rbs;xøÜnRKb;RKg.

SocMon S.E. Asia 21

FnFanTaMgenaH. karRtYtBinitüplcab; ¬RtI mwk xüg .l.¦ GacCaRbeyaCn_bEnßmcMeBaHkar yl;dwgepSgKñaeTAelIkarERbRbYlénplcab; RbePTEdl cab;)an TaMgTMhM nigcMnYnRtIEdlensaT)an. cMNuHén FnFanpáafμ GacRtUv)ankRmitcMnYnenAeBlGnuvtþ eday rYmpSMCamYycMeNHdwgmUldæan kareFVIsmÖasn_tamRKYsar. tamry³skmμPaBRtYtBinitü GñkRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr GacsikSaBITMhMEdl gayTTYlrgehtub:HBal;mkelIRbB½n§eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñredayskmμPaBRbCaCn k_dUcCakarKMram kMEhg bBaðanana dMeNaHRsay nig»kas sRmab;RKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. Ca]TahrN_ karFøak;cuHnUvTMhM nigcMnYnRtI b¤ karekIneLIgnUvcMnYnGñkensaTfμ I dUcCa³ karekIn ]bkrN_ensaT karpøas;bþÚrBIensaTFm μta mkeFVIensaTEbbBaNiC©kmμ EdlbBaðaTaMgenH Gaccg¥úl bgðajBIskþanuPaBénkarKMramkMEhg BIkarekIneLIgnUvskm μPaBensaT nigBItRmUvkarskmμPaB RKb;RKg. dUcenH karRtYtBinitüGacCaRbeyaCn_kñúgkartamdanedaypÞal; elIbERmbRmYlRbePT CIvrUbsaRsþ tamry³skm μPaBensaT k¾dUcCaCYyEsVgrkCeRmIs b¤k¾eFVI[RbesIreLIg dl;kar RKb;RKgFnFansRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit.

2>3 EsVgyl;BITsSn³epSgKñarbs;RbCaCn elIsßanPaB kareRbIR)as; nigkarpøas;bþÚrRbB½n§ eGkULÚsIu (To Understand People’s Perceptions About Ecosystems Status, Use

and Change)

karBinitüemIlPaBpøas;bþÚrenAkñúgshKmn_ kñúgcMeNamRkumeRbIR)as; eTAelIRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu tMbn;eqñr-smuRT nigkaryl;eXIjepSgKñaénGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan GacCYy[eyIgyl;dwgBIPaBCMBak; vak;vin nigkarpøas;bþÚrCabnþbnÞab; énTMnak;TMngrvagmnusS nigRbB½n§eGkULÚsIuTaMgenH. karseRmccitþ TaMgLayNa EdlmnusS nigshKmn_ eRbIsiT§imkelIRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu nigkarciBa©wmCIvit edayEp¥kelI karyl;eXIjrbs;BYkeKmñak;² vaGaceFVI[mankarb:HBal; b¤nwgGacb:HBal;eTAelIGnaKtrbs;BYkeK. karyl;eXIjepSgKñarbs;RbCaCncMeBaHkarERbRbYl nighaniP½yNamYy KWTRmg;Edl)anbgðajBI bTBiesaFn_GtItkalrbs;BYkeK b¤brisßan vb,Fm’ nigsgÁmEdlBYkeKrs;enA nigB½t’manEdlBYkeK GacTTYlyk)an. cMENkÉkaryl;eXIjeTAelIRBwtþkarN_GVImYy CaerOy²KWvaGaRs½yelIsMBaF EdlbuKÁmñak;² RkumnImYy² nigshKmn_)anTTYl. TaMgenHKWGac b¤minGac qøúHbBa©aMgBIktþasnüanum½t énviTüasaRsþeLIy b:uEnþvamansar³sMxan;dUcKñaenAeBleyIgeFVIkarseRmccitþerobcMeKalneya)ay

GñkBak;B½n§KWsMedAmnusSEdleRbIRR)as; pÞal;elIFnFantMbn;eqñr k_dUcCaGñkeFVI skmμPaBTaMgLayNa edIm,IEfrkSa

FnFan.

SocMon S.E. Asia 22

nigkarRKb;RKg. karEsVgyl;BIkRmityl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCn KWCamUldæanRKwHpgEdr enAkñúgdMeNIrkar erobcMkic©RBmeRBogrYmEdlmantRmUvkarsRmab;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚr ehIyRtUvEsVgyl;fa etIRbCaCnman Rbtikmμy:agdUcemþcEdrcMeBaHB½t’manviTüasaRsþ nigRtUvdwgfaetIBYkeKeqøIytby:agdUcemþcEdr eTAelI eKalneya)ayfμI b¤rebobRKb;RKgfμI.

2>4 karkMNt;sar³sMxan; témø nigGtßRbeyaCn_CaRbéBNIelIFnFan nigkareRbIR)as; (Determining the Importance, Value and Cultural Significance of Resources and Their Uses)

karBnül;bgðajBI sar³sMxan; témø nigesvakmμ énFnFantMbn;eqñr GacCYyeFVI[mankar KaMRTkan;EtTUlMTUlayelIkmμviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. ]TahrN_ karyl;dwgBIGtßRbeyaCn_én páaf μGacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IvaytémøBI éfø nigRbeyaCn_cMeBaHkarGPivDÆnana k_dUcCaTRmg;karRKb;RKg nigGPirkS ¬]Ta> karseRmccitþ[muCTwkkñúgtMbn;páafμ GacBwgEp¥kelIGaCIB nigkarrkcMNUl sRmab; shKmn_BIskm μPaBeP£óveTscr¦.

2>5 karvaytémøehtub:HBal; viC¢man nigGviC¢man énviFankarRKb;RKg (Assessing Positive

and Negative Impacts of Management Measures)

karkMNt;RbsiT§PaBTTYlykédKUBak;B½n§kñúgkarRKb;RKg GaceFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvkarseRmc eKalneya)ay ehIyTTYlnUvkarb:HBal;CaGviC¢manticbMput nigTTYlkarb:HBal;CaviC¢maneRcInbMputBI édKUBak;B½n§TaMgenaH. ]TahrN_ karecjeKalneya)ayrwtbnþwgkareRbIRbePT]bkrN_ensaT Gac man\T§iBleTAelIrcnasm<½n§ensaT nigtémøRtIenATIpSar kñúgshKmn_. tamry³karkt;RtanUvPaB ERbRbYlénrcnasm½<n§muxrbr nigtémøelITIpSar muneBl b¤eRkayeBlecjeKalneya)ayenH Gñk RKb;RKgGackMNt;)anc,as;nUvRbsiT§PaBéneKalneya)ayenH. dUcKñaEdr GñkRKb;RKgGaceRbI B½t’manesdækic©sgÁmTaMgenH edIm,IBüakrN_eTAelIRbsiT§PaBéneKalneya)ayd_éT²eTot sRmab; CYydl;shKmn_. ]TahrN_ karyl;dwgGMBIcMnYnRbCaensaTc,as;las; enAtamtMbn;epSg²Kña GñkRKb;RKgGacBüakrN_)anfa etImanRbCaensaTcMnYnb:un μannak; nwgRtUvpøas;kEnøgecjBItMbn; Edl hamensaTenH.

2>6 karvaytémøelIRbsiT§PaBRKb;RKgy:agdUcemþc (Assessing How the Management Body

Is Doing [management effectiveness] )

viFankarEdlmanRbsiT§PaBénkm μviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigedIm,IeFVI[seRmc)annUv eKaledA nigeKalbMNgrbs;BYkeK sMxan;bMputKwRtUvsRmbsRmYlelIkarRKb;RKg. RbsinebIeKaledA

SocMon S.E. Asia 23

enH )anbegáInGñkBak;B½n§cUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkarRKb;RKg dUecñHkaryl;eXIjepSgKñarbs;RbCaCn kñúgkarcUlrYmeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ KwRtUv)anvas;sÞg; ¬]Ta>karRsg;mtiyl;epSgKña¦. karERbRbYl nUvlkçN³vinicä½yenH GacCasUcnakreCaKC½y b¤braC½y énskmμPaBRKb;RKg ehIyk_CaesckþIRtUvkar caM)ac;sRmab;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚrkñúgskmμPaBrYmKña b¤karGnuvtþkargarCamYyKñaEdr.

2>7 begáItkarcUlrYmBIsMNak;édKUBak;B½n§ nigerobcMkmμviFI Gb;rM nigpþl;cMeNHdwg smRsb (Building Stakeholder Participation, and Appropriate Education and Awareness Programmes)

B½t’manesdækic©-sgÁmGacRtUv)aneRbI edIm,IENnaM[mankarcUlrYmBI RkumsaCIvkmμédKU Bak;B½n§ GñkCab;Tak;Tg nigGñkmancMNab;GarmμN_ enAkñúgdMeNIrkarRKb;RKg. B½t’manxøHGaceRbI)an pgEdr eTAelIEpnkar nigTisedAénkmμviFIGb;rM nigpþl;cMeNHdwgsRmab;karRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. ]TahrN_ karerobcMGtþsBaØaNshKmn_ nigsßab½nédKUBak;B½n§kñúgtMbn;eFVIkargar GacCYyGñk RKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrFana)anfa édKUBak;B½n§nanaman»kascUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkarskmμPaBRKb;RKgFnFan tMbn;eqñr.

2>8 karbegáItB½t’manmUldæansRmab;RKYsar nigshKmn_ (Establishing Baseline Household

and Community Profile)

karRbmUlB½t’manesdækic©-sgÁmenAeBlcab;epþImkmμviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr CUy[eyIg manB½t’manCamUldæan sRmab;eFVIkareRbobeFobnaeBlxagmux ehIyvamansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; elI PaBsRmbkñúgkarRKb;RKg. xN³eBlskm μPaB nigeKaledAénkmμviFImankarpøas;bþÚr GñkRKb;RKg GaceFVIkareRbobeFobB½t’manEdleTIbTTYl)anfμ I² CamYynwgB½t’manEdleyIgmanBIdMbUg edIm,I kMNt;GtþsBaØaNnana EdlnaM[mankarERbRbYl k¾dUcCaehtuplénkarERbRbYlpgEdr.

SocMon S.E. Asia 24

EpñkTI3³ etImanGVIxøHEdl)anCab;Tak;Tg? (WHAT IS INVOLVED?)

3>1 etIGñkNaKYrEteFVIkarRtYtBinitü? (Who Should Do the Monitoring?) karRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmGacTTYlr:ab;rgedaybuKÁlmñak;² b:uEnþlkçN³viessrbs;vaKWRtUv

)anRbtibtiþedayRkumRtYtBinitü EdldwknaMedayRbFanmñak; nigeFVIkarCamYymRnþIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn; eqñr ¬]TahrN_ GñksRmbsRmYlelIkarRtYtBinitü GacCamRnþItMbn;karBarEdnsmuRT CaGaC£aFr Clpl CamRnþIGb;rM b¤Casßabn½Epñkbrisßan¦ EdlGñkTaMgenaHmanRbvtþikargar b¤CMnajNamYy kñúgcMeNamCMnajviTüasaRsþsgÁm ¬dUcCa³ EpñksgÁmviTüa nrviTüa {muxviC¢aEdlsikSaGMBImnusS{ esdækic© viTüasaRsþneya)ay varICativiTüa {GñkEdlsikSaGMBIFnFan)atsmuRT{ b¤k¾EpñkPUmiviTüa¦. karcUlrYmrbs;smaCik buKÁlikkñúgdMeNIrkarRtYtBiinitüesdækic©-sgÁm KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; sRmab; begáItesßrPaBry³eBlEvg nigFanafa buKÁlikRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrTaMgenaH )anTTYlykB½t’manTaMgenaH eRbIedIm,IeFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvkarRKb;RKgrbs;BYkeK.

RbFanRkummanPar³kic©TTYlxusRtUv eTAelIEpnkarRtYtBinitü karRbmUlTinñn½y karviPaK Tinñn½y nigpSBVpSayTinñn½y RBmTaMgFanaeTAelIkmμviFIbnþ sRmab;Gnuvtþry³eBlyUrGEgVg. rIÉ smaCikRkumkagard_éTeTot mantYnaTICYyRbmUlTinñn½y eFVIsmÖasn_ sMeyaK sresrr)aykarN_ nigeFVIbTbgðaj. CakarRbesIr RbsinebIsmaCikRkumkargarRBmTTYlykB½t’manBIshKmn_ eRbI CMnajbNþúHbNþaleFVIsmÖasn_ eRbIviFanvaytémøCnbTedaymankarcUlrYm (PRA) nigkareRbI bec©keTs eTBekaslürbs;xøÜnedIm,ITTYl)anTinñn½y. TaMgenHGacnwgbegáIn[mankarcab;GarmμN_ nigcUlrYmkan;EteRcInBIsmaCikshKmn_ RBmTaMgCYyP©ab;TMnak;TMngkan;EtRbesIrrvagGñkeRbIR)as; FnFan nigGñkRKb;RKgFnFan.

RbsinebICMnajesdækic©-sgÁmrbs;GñkdwknaM b¤smaCikRkumenAmankRmit BYkeKRtUvsikSaeLIg vijGMBIeKalkarN__esdækic©-sgÁmsRmab;RKb;RKgFnFanpáaf μ (GCRMN) Edlpþl;lkçN³TUlMTUlay ehIyGacCYyBYkeKfa eFVIy:agdUcemþcedIm,Ivaytémøesdækic©sgÁm. enACMBUkTImYyén GCRMN )anbeRgonGMBIkarerobcMskm μPaBeFVIGtþsBaØaNRkumvaytémø nig)anpþl;B½t’mancMbgpgEdr elIkar GPivDÆRkumsikSa.

SocMon S.E. Asia 25

3>2 etIdMeNIrkarsRmab;eFVIkarRtYtBinitümanGVIxøH? (What is the Process for Doing the

Monitoring) CaTUeTAman4CMhansRmab;eFVIkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm³

1- kareRtomTukCamun ³ rYmbBa©Úl kareRCIserIsTItaMgsikSa kMNt;eKaledAénkarRtYtBinitü

esdækic©-sgÁm nigkMNt;RkumsikSa. 2- erobcMeRKagkarRtYtBinitü³ rYmbBa©Ül karyl;dwgBIbribTshKmn_ eKalbMNgRKb;RKg nig

karyl;eXIjepSgKñarbs;shKmn_ eRCIserIsdMeNIrkarEdlGacbt;Ebn)anedIm,IGnuvtþkar RtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm nigkMNt;GñkBak;B½n§sRmab;BieRKaHeyabl;.

3- karRbmUlB½t’man³ tamry³RbPBB½t’manEdlmanRsab; eRbIbec©keTsRbmUlB½t’man BIRkum eKaledA nigGñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ Rsg;B½t’man nigBinitüsegÁtsßanPaBenAtMbn;sikSaenH.

nig 4- karbBa©ÚlTinñn½y karviPaK karpSBVpSay nigsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg.

CMhanxagelIenH KWCaGnþrkmμdMeNIrkarEdltRmUv[eFVIkarRtYtBinitüB½t’manEdlTTYl)an sarcuHsareLIg. cMeBaHB½t’manfμ IGacbegáIttRmUvkarfμ I dUecñHRkumkargarKYrEteFVIkarRtYtBinitüdMeNIr karenHeLIgvij nigeFVIkarpøas;bþÚrEpnkar[smRsbeTAnwglkçxNÐfμ IenH edayrYmbBa©ÚlkarEkERb bBa¢IlkçN³sMKal; sRmab;RbmUlB½t’man nigeFVIkarviPaK.

3>3 etImanGVIxøHEdlRtUvkaredIm,IbegáIteRKagkarN_RtYtBinitü? (What Is Needed to Develop

the Monitoring Framework?) manTidæPaBcMnYnbIedIm,IbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkarbegáIteKalkarN_RtYtBinitü³ ¬k¦kar):an;RbmaN

shKmn_ ¬x¦karRKb;RKgeKalbMNg nig¬K¦karyl;eXIjepSgKñarbs;mnusS. TidæPaBTaMgenH Gac EsVgyl;edaycMNayeBlmYycMnYnCamYyshKmn_ nigkareRbIviFanvaytémøqab;rh½sedayman karcUlrYm.

3-karRbmUlB½t’man1 kareRtom TukCamun

2 erobcMeRKag

karRtYtBinitü RbPB karykB½t’man cuHRsg;mtitam TIBIr RkumeKaledAsMxan;² RKYsar nigGegÁt

4 viPaKTinñn½y nigpSBVpSay

SocMon S.E. Asia 26

3>3>1-ehtuGVIRtUvkareRKagkarN_TaMgenH? (Why is this needed?)

dMeNIrkarénkarbegáIteRKagkarN_ nwgCYy[RkumRtYtBinitüeRCIserIslkçN³sMKal; sRmab; karRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm nigCYy[yl;dwgfa etIkarRbmUlB½t’manKYreFVIy:agdUcemþc. edIm,I yl;dwgfa etIeyIgRbmUlB½t’many:agdUcemþcenaH vamansar³sMxan;Nas;Edlfa RkumRtYtBinitü RtUvcab;epþImbegáItdMeNIrkar {yuT§saRsþsRmab; TMnak;TMng{ edIm,IEckrMElkB½t’man EdlTTYl )anBIkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmenH.

karbegáItyuT§saRsþTMnak;TMng )aneFVI[ yl;kan;Etc,as;fa B½t’manTaMgenH sRmab;nrNa etIBYkeKnwgeRbIB½t’manTaMgenHy:agdUcemþc ehIyEp¥kelITidæPaBenHpgEdr B½t’manRtUv)anpþl;CUn GñkeRbIy:agR)akd nigCYy[manTMnak;TMngKñakan;Etl¥ ¬karENnaMbEnßmsUmemIlEpñkTI5¦.

viPaKTanénTidæPaBTaMg3 cMeBaHeKalkaN_RtYtBinitüsRmab;kmμviFIry³eBlEvg KW)anBiBN’na xageRkamenH ³

kar):an;RbmaNcMeBaHshKmn_ RkumTaMgLaynwgeRbIlMdab;viFan EdlGacrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgviFIsaRsþRbmUlTinñn½yEbbbrimaN nig

EbbkarcUlrYm edIm,IviPaKkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;RbCaCnenAkñúgshKmn_ PaBcRmuHénrbrciBa©wmCIvit rbs;BYkeK FnFanEdlmanenAkñúgshKmn_ karpøas;bþÚrTaMgLayEdl)anekIteLIgenAkñúgshKmn_ nigFnFanEdlBYkeKkMBugeRbI ¬dUcCa³ ninñakarRbvtiþsaRsþ ninñakarbrisßan nigGñkeFVIkarpøas;bþÚr.l.¦

dUcenH karvaytémøesdækic© nigsgÁm nwgpþl;[eyIgyl;BI ³ • TidñPaBénkarpøas;bþÚrCaKnøwH enAkñúgshKmn_ • bribTTUeTAedIm,IBinitüBic½yBImUlehtu nigkarCMBak;CMBinénkarpøas;bþÚrTaMgenH kñúgRbB½n§

eGkULÚsIu nigkñúgshKmn_ ehIynig • GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLay b¤GñkBak;B½n§sMxan;² b¤RkumeKaledA .

eRKagkarN_RtYtBinitüKW)anerobcMeLIg sRmab;Gñk eFVIkarenAmUldæan sikSa[mansuRkwtPaBcenøaH Rbehag nigedIm,IeronsURtCamYyshKmn_ nUvkar yl;eXIjepSg²Kña eTAelIPaBpøas;bþÚr Edl)an ekIteLIgrcMeBaHRbB½n§eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñr-smuRT nig cMeBaHRbCaCnEdlBwgEp¥kelIva. vaCa smasPaBKnøwH kñúgdMeNIrkarTaMgbIEpñkxageRkam Edl)anerobcMbribT sRmab;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚrkñúg

shKmn_.

SocMon S.E. Asia 27

enATIkEnøgNaEdldMeNIrkarskmμPaBRtYtBinitüenAbnþeFVIeLIgvij kargaryl;dwgGMBIbribT shKmn_ KWRKan;EtkMNt;bBa©ak;bEnßm nigeFVIbc©úb,nñPaBva)anehIy edIm,IFanafaB½t’manénbribTTaMg enHKWGacmanenAkñúgshKmn_ edaymincaM)ac;sikSaeLIgvijTaMgGs;vijeT. eKalbMNgRKb;RKg RkumRKb;RKgB½t’manKYrkMNt;[)anc,as;nUveKalbMNgrbs;xøÜnfa etIsikSaBIpáafμ b¤sikSaGMBI shKmn_. eKalbMNgTaMgenHnwgRtUv)ankMNt;enAkRmitepSg²Kña ¬fñak;mUldæan fñak;Cati nigfñak; GnþrCati¦ nigsßab½nnana ¬sßab½nsikSasgÁm GPirkS GPivDÆn_esdækic©.l.¦ CamYynwgeKalbMNg Cak;lak;nImYy² RkumRKb;RKgnwgGackMNt;)an³

• B½t’manEdlGaceRbIedIm,IseRmceKalbMNg • B½t’manbeRmI[yl;dwgnUvdMeNIrkareTAmuxedIm,IseRmceKalbMNg nig • tRmUvkarTRmg;B½t’man

karyl;eXIjepSg²Kña dMeNIrkarsikSaRsavRCav KWtRmUv[RkumsikSaenAfñak;mUldæanepþatkarykcitþTukdak; elIbERm bRmYlEdl)anekIteLIgTaMgenAkñúgshKmn_ nigcMeBaHRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu ehIyk_RtUvEp¥kelImUldæaneFVI bTsmÖasn_EbbsamBaØpgEdrCamYyRkumeKaledAepSg². eFVIdUcenH karviPaKelIGñkyl;eXIjepSg Kñarbs;RbCaCncMeBaHkarpøas;bþÚrnana KWRbEhlGacbegáIt[mankarcUlrYmedaHRsaybBaða TaMg smaCikshKmn_ nigGñkRKb;RKgFnFan. kargarxagelIenH GacrYmman³

• ehtukarN_TMnas;rvagGñkmanKMnityl;eXIjepSg² nigGñkmancMeNHdwgviTüasaRsþ- TI kEnøgNaEdlRbCashKmn_min)anTTYlsÁal;karERbRbYleTAelIpáaf μ ¬dUcCa³ karfycuHpáafμ b¤ c,ab;fμ I¦b¤k_ TIkEnøgNaEdlRbCaCndwgBImUlehtu nigkarb:HBal;mkelIBYkeK edayBYkKat; lM)akTTYlykkarBittamlkçN³viTüasaRsþ }PaBR)akdniym} vaKYrcaM)ac;Nas; bnþkar sikSaRsavRCav nigBinitüeLIgvijnUvsßanPaBTaMgenaH rYcehIyeFVIkarBnül;EnnaMshKmn_ [yl;BIsßanPaBCak;EsþgEdl)anekItmaneLIg.

• eFVIGtþsBaØaNninñakar nigkarvivtþf μ I- vaKYrEt[mankarTTYlsÁal;edayshKmn_ nUvbERmbRmYl énsßanPaBpáafμ b¤k_karciBa©wmCIvitrbs;BYkeK KWminEmndwgsRmab;EtGñkRKb;RKg nigGñkviTüa saRsþeLIy. kñúgkrNIenH karCYyeRCamERCgEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigGnþraKmn_RKb;RKg KYrEt tRmUv[maneLIg.

SocMon S.E. Asia 28

• kRmitRBmeRBogKñaCMuvijtRmUvkarpøas;bþÚr- vaKYrEt[mankarTTYlsÁal;nUvbERmbRmYl Edl)an nwgkMBugmansm<aFekIteLIgeTAelIpáafμ b:uEnþBYkeKRbEhlCamin)anTTYlsÁal; cMeBaHkarpøas; bþÚrskmμPaBrbs;BYkeKeLIy elIkElgEtBYkeKGaceXIjPaBepSgKñanUvkarpøas;bþÚr b¤k_)an TTYl\T§iBlénkarpøas;bþÚrTaMgenaH.

3>4 etIGñkRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc? (How Do I Collect the Data?) PaBepSgKñaEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgeKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁmenH KwRtUv

EbgEckCa 5 viFIsaRsþsMxan;² edIm,IRbmUlTinñn½y³ 1> tamRbPBTinñn½ymFüm 2> karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal

RkumeKaledAsRmab;smÖasn_ 3> sÞg;mti nigRbmUlB½t’man 4> karBinitüGegát 5> eRbIckçúviBaØaNEsVgyl;BITsSn³epSgKña

rbs;shKmn_ CaTUeTA Tinñn½ysikSaKYrRbmUltamry³

RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;Camunsin bnÞab;mkKwtam ry³karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal b¤RkumeKaledA edayeRbI viFan PRA nigbec©keTsckçúviBaØaN. RbsinebIkar RbmUlTinñn½yBIGñksmÖasn_ nigBITinñn½ymanRsab; manlkçN³RKb;RKan;cMeBaHeKaledArbs;RkumsikSa enaHKWmincaM)ac;eFVIkarsÞg;mtieTotLIy. karBinitüsegát RtUv)anGnuvtþkñúgkMLúgeBlEdlsßitenA CamYyshKmn_. viFIsaRsþTaMgenH RtUv)anBiPakSalMGitenAkñúgk,Ünxñat GCRMN Rtg;CMBUkTI3³ karRbmUlTinñn½ytamry³karcuHsmÖasn_pÞal;.

3>4>1 RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; ¬B½t’manRbPBTI2¦ (Secondary Sources) RkumsikSaRtYtBinitüKYrEtcab;epþImsikSa):an;RbmaNelITinñn½yEdlmanRsab;[)anh μt;ct; cMeBaHkarERbRbYlGtþsBaØaNnana. Tinñn½yEdlmanRsab; KWCaTinñn½yTaMgLayNaEdl)anRbmUl Tukknøgmk ehIy)aneFVIkarviPaK nige)aHBum<pSayrYcral; ehIyvamankñúgTRmg;epSg²Kña rYmman³

RkumsikSaKYrEtRbkan;x¢ab; nUveKalkarN_ nUvkarRbmUlTinñn½y³ • eCOCak;elIGñkBak;B½n§ nigsmaCik shKmn_

]Ta> eKarBeBlevlakmμviFI TMenomTmøab; nigsasna

• TTYlykB½t’manbnÞab;bnSM • ykcitþTukdak;elIbBaðaeynD½r • eQagcab;yktMbn;dac;Rsyal • ykcitþTukdak;kareRbIPasaepSgKña ¬]Ta>

KYEtmanGñkbkERb¦ • kt;Rta[)anl¥itl¥n; • RtYtBinitüsarcuHsareLIgralB½t’manEdl

TTYl)an.

SocMon S.E. Asia 29

ÉksarpøÚvkar nigminpøÚvkar r)aykarN_sßiti r)aykarN_vaytémø nigsikSaRsavRCavmun² r)aykarN_sikSaRsavRCav ÉksarKeRmagmun² b¤k¾kMBugdMeNIrkar rYmTaMgr)aykarN_RtYtBinitü nigvaytémø EpnTI rUbPaBEdlftBIelIGakas nigrUbPaBpáayrNb ÉksarRbvtþisaRsþ nigÉksardMeNIrerOgepSg² eKhTMB½renA (Internet)

kar):an;RbmaNelITinñn½ymanRsab; KWTak;TgeTAnwgkarRbmUlpþMú karvaytémø nigkarRtYt BinitüeLIgvij nUvTinñn½yEdlTak;TgnwgPaBpøas;bþÚr.

3>4>2 Gñkpþl;B½t’man nigkarsmÖasn_RkumeKaledA (Key Informant and Focus Group Interview)

Gñkpþl;B½t’man KwCabuKÁlmñak;² EdlbTBiesaFn_ nigcMeNHdwgrbs;BYkeKGacpþl;nUvB½t’man sIuCeRmAc,as;las; dl;RbCaBlrdæd¾eRcInelIslb; nigRkumBiessNamYy. ]TahrN_ RbFanPUmi b¤k_RbFanshKmn_ Gacpþl;B½t’manCak;c,as;GMBIshKmn_TaMgmUl nigc,ab;CalkçN³RbéBNInana EdlmankarÉkPaBBIsmaCikshKmn_rbs;BYkeK. karTTYlsÁal;nUvCMnajensaT KWCaRbPBcMeNH dwgEdlmanlkçN³CaRbéBNI eTAelIsuxPaBRbB½n§eGkULÚsIu nigFnFanClpl EdlsßitenACMuvijtMbn; TaMgenaH. dUcKñaenHEdr GñkCMnajxagensaTRtImwk Gacpþl;B½t’manGMBIkarensaTRtImwk nigsßanPaB rbs;va. ehtuenH Gñkpþl;B½t’man Gacpþl;B½t’manBIcMeNHdwgTUeTA karEckrMElkcMeNHdwg nigCMnaj ÉkeTsEdlBYkeKdwg. ]TahrN_ karkMNt;faetImanEpnkarRKb;RKgClpleTenaH RkumRsavRCav GacsYreTARbFankariyal½yClpl. B½t’manPaKeRcInEdleyIgTTYl)anBIGñkpþl;B½t’man KWbgðaj BImUldæanénehtukarN_ ¬dUcCa³ B½t’manRbCasaRsþkñúgshKmn_ nigrebobrbbRKb;RKgpøÚvkar¦. B½t’manTaMgenHmansar³sMxan;Nas; sRmab;eRbIkñúgkarsmÖassn_CamYyCnbegÁalmYycMnYn edIm,I begáInkaryl;dwgcMeBaHkaryl;eXIjepSgKñaénCnbegÁalTaMgenaH. vin½ycm,gkñúgkarkMNt;yk B½t’manKWfa etImanCnbegÁalTTYl)ankarsmÖasn_RKb;KñaehIyb¤enA cMENkÉlkçN³vinicä½ysMxan;² vij KWenAeBlEdlGñkpþl;cemøIyTaMgenaH)aneqøIytbdUcKñaeTAnwgsMnYrdEdl². ]TahrN_

SocMon S.E. Asia 30

enAeBlEdlRkumkargarkMBugEteFVIkarsaksYrGMBIRbePTskm μPaBenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa ehIyGñkpþl; B½t’mansegáteXIjfamanskmμPaBdUcKña enaHRkumkargarGacbBaÄb;karsmÖasn_eTAelIlkçN³ vinicä½yenaH)an. karsmÖasn_RkumeKaledA KWBak;B½n§nwgkareRCIserIsRkumpþl;B½t’man ¬CaFmμtamanenAkñúg cMNucTI 4 eTATI 10¦ Edl)anEckrMElksavta nigcMeNHdwgTUeTA ¬dUcCa³ KMrUénkarerobcMcat;Ecg kareRbIPasa nigsmaCikénGgÁkarcat;taMg¦. karsmÖasn_RkumeKaledA CaFm μtaEp¥kelIcMnuc BiPakSaTUeTA. enHKWCaviFIsaRsþbt;EbnEdlGnuBaØati[GñksRmbsRmYlsÞabsÞg;nUvcemøIy edjtam BinitüeLIgvijnUvsMNYredIm nigEsVgrk[)annUvcemøIyCak;lak; kñúgeBleFVIsmÖasn_. kareRbIviFI saRsþbt;Ebn nigsMNYrebIk KWCYyelIkTwkcitþ nUvkarsnÞnaKñaeTAvijeTAmk TaMgenHrYmman karpøas;bþÚr B½t’manKñarvagGñksRmbsRmYl nigGñkeFVIbTsmÖasn_. Rkumpþl;bTsmÖasn_TaMgLayGaceFVIkar CECkKña nigpþl;B½t’manCak;lak; qøgBIGñkpþl;B½t’manmñak;eTAmñak;eTotkñúgeBlEtmYy RbsinebIman karsRmbsRmYll¥ .

3>4>3 karsmÖasn_tamRKYsar (Household Interviews/Surveys) karsmÖasn_tamRKYsar KWeRbIsRmab;eFVIkarEsVgyl;BITsSn³rbs;smaCikRKYsarnImYy²

nigRkumRKYsarTaMgmUl. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIRkumsikSa cg;EsVgyl;BIkarKitKUrbs;RbCaCneTAelIkar GnuvtþEpnkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr enaHRtUvsaksYrGMBIcMNuccab;Garm μN_nImYy²rbs;RbCaCn. karkMNt; PinPaKlkçN³PaKeRcIn)aneFVIkarsikSatamry³karsÞg;mtiEdlepþateTAelITsSn³epSg²Kña ¬dUcCa vtßúEdlK μantémøsRmab;TIpSar nigkareRbIR)as; nigkaryl;dwgBIbBaðashKmn_¦.

eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm KW)ancgRkgeLIgkñúgectna karBarsmþIGñkpþl;B½t’man EdltMNag[ RKYsarrbs;Kat;¼nag. ehtuenH lT§plKW CacemøIy rbs;RKYsarnImYy². eTaHCay:ag Nak_eday RbsinebIRkumsikSamankarcab; GarmμN_cMeBaHmnusSmñak;² BYkeKGac bBa¢ak;n½yrbs;sMNYr EdlTak;Tinnwg TsSn³rbs;mnusSmñak;²vij. ]TahrN_

manniymn½yCaeRcInGMBIRKYsar. vamansar³sMxan; Nas; edIm,IEsVgyl;fa GVIeTAEdlehAfaRKYsarenAeBlcab;epþIm eFVIkarRtYtBinitü ehIyRtUvpSarP¢ab;vaeTAnwgniymn½yenH. RKYsarmYyGacekIteLIgedaybnþúMsmaCiknImYy²kñúgRKYsar Edlrs;enAeRkamdMbUlpÞHEtmYy. niymn½yTUeTA KWman qñaMg)ayEtmYy EdlsmaCikTaMgenaHTTYlTanGahar rYmKña nigEckrMElkR)ak;;cMNUlCamYyKña. vasMxan;Nas; edIm,IÉkPaBeTAelIniymn½y CamYyGñkpþl;B½t’manenAeBl

smÖasn_CamYyBYkeK.

SocMon S.E. Asia 31

edIm,Iyl;BIlkçN³vinicä½yelI {skmμPaBenAkñúgtMbn;smuRT{ GñkeqøIyKYrEtkMNt;GtþsBaØaN én ral;skmμPaBrbs;xøÜnKat;¼nag mkelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT ¬KWminEmnsRmab;smaCikRKYsar TaMgGs;enaHeT¦.

edIm,ITTYl)ankaryl;dwg[kan;EtsIuCeRmAnUvlkçN³vinicä½ymYycMnYn RkumsikSaKYrEteRbI sMNYrsmÖasn_Bak;kNþalpøÚvkarCasMNYrebIk. sMNYrTaMgenaH KYrEtbEnßmpÞal;eTAkñúgbBa©IénkareFVI bTsmÖasn_. karbegáItsMNYrTaMgenaH KYrEtBicarNaeTA GñkNa? GVIxøH? enAeBlNa? eFVIdUcemþc? nigehtuGVI?. ]TahrN_ karERbRbYl } kareRbIKMrU} CasMNYrfaetI TIkEnøgNaEdleKbegáItskmμPaB eRbIR)as;FnFan? edaybnþtamdantamry³sMNYrsmÖasn_Bak;kNþalpøÚvkarEdlGacbBa©Úl }etIkEnøg NaEdlCaTIkEnøgd_smrmüsRmab;ensaTenAtMbn;páaf μ?} ehIyfa }etIGñkykRtIeTAlk;enAÉNa?} ¬sUmemIleKalkarN_ GCRMN EpñkTI3 sMNYrsmÖasn_Bak;kNþalpøÚvkar¦.

3>4>4 karBinitüsegát (Observation) karBinitüsegát KWCakarBiN’naGMBIbrimaN nigeBlxøHBiN’naGMBIKuNPaB nUvGVImYy Edl

smaCikRkumsikSa)aneXIj nig)anmkedayRbugRby½tñsegát nigkt;RtaTuknUvGVI²Edl)aneXIj enACMuvijxøÜneyIg. ]TahrN_ smaCikRkumGacRbmUlB½t’man GMBIsmÖar³sRmab;eRbIciBa©wmCIvit eday segáteTAelIeKhdæanrbs;GñksmÖasn_ dUcCa dMbUl CBa¢aMg bg¥Üc nigsMPar³sMNg;. karBinitüsegát KWCaviFIsaRsþEdlmanRbeyaCn_ eRBaHfaRkumkargarGacsikSaB½t’manedaypÞal; GMBIskmμPaBEdl sμ úKsμaj dUcCa rebobénkarensaT. \riyabTPaKeRcInEdl)anCab;Tak;TgkñúgskmμPaBTaMgenaH KW CakareronsURtminbeBa©jvacar edayeFVIkarsegát nigkt;Rta. ]TahrN_ GñkensaT)anEføgR)ab;fa BYkeKeTAensaTBIrdgkñúgmYyéf¶ EtebItamkarsegát )an[dwgfa BYkKat;mankarCab;Tak;TgskmμPaB CaeRcIn dUcCa raysnÞÚc dak;mg nigcab;RtImikedayeRbITUkensaT. karBinitüsegát KWeFVIeLIgtam ry³ karcuHRbmUlTinñn½yenAmUldæan eTaHbIvaCadMNak;kaldMbUgénkarRbmUlTinñn½yk_eday k_vaCYy dl;kareRbobeFobCamYy karsÞg;mti nigkareFVIsmÖasn_.

3>4>5 kareRbIckçúviBaØaN (Visualisation) bec©keTseRbIckçúviBaØaN nigdüaRkam manTMnak;TMngkñúgTinñn½y EdlRtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgEpnTI

¬skmμPaBFnFan nigFnFansgÁm .l.¦viFanBMnuHkat;TTwg eBlevla RbtiTinrdUvkal m:aRTic BMnuHkat;TTwgkalRbvtþi EmkFagseRmccitþ düaRkamEv:n nigcMNat;fñak; (transects, timelines,

SocMon S.E. Asia 32

seasonal calendar, matrics, historical transects, decision trees, venn diagrams and ranking) . bec©keTsTaMgenH KwRtUv)aneRbI edIm,IRbmUlpþúM nigbgðajnUvcMnYnB½t’mand_sμ úKsμaj nigeRcInelIslub edayeFVIsegçbtam RkahVik nigTRmg;Edlgayyl;. bec©keTsTaMgenH KWCakareRbIviFanviPaKkñúg kMLúgeBlcuHRbmUlTinñn½yenAmUldæan CaBiesskñúgkMLúgeBleFVIsmÖasn_Bak;kNþalpøÚvkarN_ CamYy RkumeKaledA. eKk_GaceRbIvakñúgkMLúgeBlsikSaBIRbvtþiPUmi karsÞg;mti nigBinitüsegát edIm,ITTYl )anB½t’manc,as;las;BIGñkcUlrYm¬sUmemIleKalkarN_GCRMNEpñkTI3bec©keTseRbIckçúviBaØaN¦. mnusSPaKeRcIn KWCaGñksikSaedayeRbIckçúviBaØaN karyl;dwg karbeBa©jmtieyabl;y:agl¥ eBlEdl BYkeKcUlrYmviPaKdüaRkamkñúgeBlBiPakSa. kareRbIckçúviBaØaNKWCYypgEdr enAeBlEdlBakü nigKMnit mYycMnYn RtUv)an)at;bg;edaykarbkERb. CaBiess vamansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;RtYtBinitü eRBaHfa B½t’manEdlTTYl)anTaMgenaHGaceyagtamTinñn½yBI EpnTI BMnuHkat;TTwg nigdüaRkamrdUvkal .l. Edl)anerobcMenAeBleFVIkarRsg;B½t’manelIkdMbUg ehIygayRsYlkMNt;eFVIkarpøas;bþÚredayeRbob eFobCamYyesvakmμ nigTMnijenAtMbn;eqñrsmuRTtMbn;enaH.

3>5 etIGñkNaKYrEtRtUv)aneRCIseFVIsmÖasn_sRmab;sÞab;sÞg;mti (Who should be interviewed

for the surveys?) RkumRtYtBinitüKYrEtbegáItviFIedaHRsayEdlmanPaBgayRsYledIm,IkMNt;fa etIGñkNaKYr eRCIseFVIsmÖasn_ nigsÞg;mti. k,Ünxañt GCRMN ÉksarbEnßm B ³ viFIsaRsþgay² )anpþl; karBnül;y:agTUlMTUlay faetIRtUveRCIserIscMnYnRbCaCn[smRsbb:unμan edIm,IykmkeFVIsmÖasn_ ehIyfaetIkMNt;lkçN³sm,tiGñkcUlrYmeFVIsmÖasn_dUcemþc ¬TaMgeRCIsykRBav² nigeRCIserIsyk Cak;lak;¦. kareRCIserIsGñkeFVIsmÖasn_ KWGaRs½yeTAelIeKalbMNgRtYtBinitü. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI eKalbMNgcg;EsVgyl;BITsSn³TUeTArbs;shKmn_GMBIbBaðatMbn;eqñr enaHKYrEteRCIstMNagBI RKYsar nImYy² b¤BIbuKÁlmñak;² sRmab;smÖasn_ nigsÞg;mti.

karseRmccitþsMxan;sRmab;kareFVIsmÖasn_enaHKWfa etIeyIgeRCIsyktMNagRbCaCn man GtþsBaØaNCak;lak; b¤minCak;lak;. karseRmccitþenH KWGaRs½yeTAelIlT§plEdleyIgcg;)an ehIyCakarRbmUlsßitiEdltMNag[RbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn;enaH. RbsinebIBYkeKeFVIdUcenH vamansar³ sMxan;Nas; kñúgkarRbmUlsßitiEdltMNag[RbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn; tamry³kareRCIsykGñktMNagmk eFVIsmÖasn_ ¬sUmemIl k,Ünxñatesdækic©-sgÁm sRmab;RKb;RKgeTAelIFnFanpáafμ (GCRMN) Éksar bEnßm B³ dMeNaHRsaygay² enATMB½rTI 233 sRmab;eFVICataragKMrU¦. enAkñúgkrNIxøH sßitisMxan;²

SocMon S.E. Asia 33

enaH KWTTYl)anedayekIteLIgBIkarécdnü. EteTaHbICay:agNak_eday karRbmUlTinñn½yEdltMNag sßitiTaMgGs; GaccMNayeRcIn nigeRbIR)as;eBlevlayUr ehtuenHeyIgRtUvføwgEføgedayRbugRby½tñ eTAelIkarRbQmnana TaMgsmtßPaBbuKÁlik eBlevla nigfvika.

kñúgkrNIxøH kEnøgmYycMnYnEdlRkumsikSaminRtUvkarKMrUsißtitMNag[RbCaCn RkumKYrEteRCIs ykKMrUsißtiEdlmanTMhMtUcbMputedIm,IeRbIR)as;vij. fVIebIsßitiTaMgenHminEmntMNag[RbCaCnTaMgmUl EtlT§plvaGacpþl;karyl;dwgPaBCak;lak;mYycMnYnrbs;RbCaCn. kñúgkrNITaMgenH taragKMrUKWman bgðajdUcxageRkam ³

kareRCIsKMrUminBitR)akd ¬b¤minCak;lak;¦ KWmansar³sMxan; Nas; eRBaHvatMNag[RbePTxus²Kña énRkumédKUBak;B½n§ edIm,IFanaeTAelITMhMTsSn³vis½y EdlRtUv)anTTYlykmk eFVIkarsikSavaytémø. RbPBB½t’man EdlRbmUl)anBITinñn½y EdlmanRsab; nigkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal GacCaRbeyaCn_kñúg karFanafa vatMNag[cMnYnRbCaCnenAkñúgshKmn_ Edl)an eFVIsmÖasn_. RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nigkarsmÖasn_Cn begÁal GacnwgrYmbBa©ÚlB½t’man BIRbPBepSgKñaénGñkBak;B½n§

enAkñúgshKmn_ k_dUcCamUldæanRbCasaRsþ rYmman³ Gayu ePT¼eynD½r karGb;rM CnCatiPaKtic nig sßanPaBesdækic©. RkumsikSatRmUv[eFVIkarsmÖasn_ CamYyRbCaCnEdlmantémøRbhak;RbEhl b¤ dUcKñaeTAnwgRkumEdl)anerobrab;xagelImkenH. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIenAkñúgshKmn_manRKYsar ensaTcMnYn 50% Gñkpþl;esvakmμmancMnYn 30% GñkeFVIkarbnÞab;bnSMmancMnYn 10% nigGñkeFVI BaNiC¢km μmancMnYn 10% enaHRkumsikSaRtUveRCIserIsGñksmÖasn_ EdlmanPaBRbhak;Ehl nwgcMnYn PaKryéntMNagRbCaCnTaMgGs;enAkñúgshKmn_.

3>6 etIkarRtYtBinitüRtUvkarry³eBlb:unμan? (How long should the monitoring take?) eBlevlaEdlRtUveRbIsRmab;eFVIkarsikSavaytémøesdækic©sgÁm KWERbRbYleTAtamsßanPaB rYmman³ TMhM;shKmn_ CMnaj nigFnFanrbs;Rkumkargar cMnYnsmaCikRkumkargar nigcMnYnRkum eKaledAEdlRtUveRCIserIseFVIkarsmÖasn_. CaTUeTA enAdMNak;kaldMbUg GacRtUvkareBlevlayUr edIm,Icab;epþImdMeNIrkarf μ I² nigkMNt;bBa¢IlkçN³vinicä½ysRmab;eFVIkareRCIserIs edIm,IeFVIkarRtYtBinitü

cMnYnRbCaBlrdæ TMhMKMrU 100 25 200 40 300 60 400 70 500 80

1000 100

SocMon S.E. Asia 34

naeBlGnaKt. srubmk CaTUeTAeBlevlaRtUv)an):an;s μan nigRtUvkarry³eBlBI 3 eTA 6 s)aþh_ ¬KWBI17 eTA 30éf¶ EdlCa ry³eBleFVIkarBitR)akd¦ edIm,IeFVIkarENnaMGMBIkarRtYtBinitü mandUcCa³

- skmμPaBeRtomTuk manBI 3-5 éf¶ - karRbmUlTinñn½ytamry³RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; manBI 3-5éf¶ - karRbmUlTinñn½ytamry³Gñkpþl;B½t’man nigRkumCnbegÁal manBI 3-5éf¶ - karRbmUlTinñn½ytamry³karcuHsÞg;mti manBI 5-10éf¶ kñúgry³eBlcuHmUldæanmþg - karRbmUlTinñn½yeTAelIbrimaNcab;RtI manBI 5-10éf¶ Caerogral;Ex ¬kMNt;cMNaM

B½t’manenH KYrRtUv)anRbmUl[RtUvtameBlevlaEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgdMNak;kal KeRmag SocMon ¦

- karbBa©ÚlTinñn½y manBI 3- 5 éf¶ kñúgry³eBlcuHmUldæanmþg - sMeyaKTinñn½y sresrr)aykarN_ eFVIbTbgðaj nigBiPakSa manBI 3-10éf¶

éf¶kargarBitR)akdenH GacRtUv)anBRgIkkñúgry³eBlEvg cMeBaHskmμPaBkargarmYycMnYn rIÉskmμPaBmYycMnYneTot RbEhlCamincaM)ac;eFVIbnþBIskm μPaBmunenaHeLIy.

3>7 etIkarRtYtBinitüRtUvkarfvikab:un μan? (How mucth will the monitoring cost?) fvikaGacmankarERbRbYlGaRs½yeTAtamTIkEnøg nigFnFanEdlcaM)ac; nigtémøcuHmUldæan. CaTUeTA eKrMBwgfa bBa¢IraymuxcMNaynwgRtUvdak;bBa©Úl b:uEnþmin)ankMNt;enaHeT dUcCa³

- meFüa)ayeFVIdMeNIrcuHeTAmUldæan - meFüa)ayeFVIdMeNIreTAkan;kariyal½yrdæaPi)aledIm,IRbmUlTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; - ebovtSr_sRmab;GñkcuHsmÖasn_cMnYn 3-4 nak; - b‘íc esovePA Rkdas nigsmÖar³kariyal½yepSg²eTot - EpnTI taragnavacr - meFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚneTAkan;tMbn;sikSamandUcCa Lan TUk - karftcmøgÉksar - kMuBüÚT½rEdlmankmμviFI Word CamUldæan - eBlevlabuKÁliksRmab;bBa¢ÚlTinñn½y RKb;RKgB½t’man nigEfTaMÉksarkñúgkMBüÚT½r

SocMon S.E. Asia 35

- smÖar³kargar m:asIunft EkvyWt m:asIunftvIDIGU nigsemøg RbB½n§RtYtBinitüTItaMg PUmisaRsþ (GPS)…

3>8 etIkarRtYtBinitüCajwkjab;bBa©b;eTAy:agdUcemþc? (How often should the monitoring be

done?) lkçN³Biessrbs;kmμviFIRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm KWCakarcab;epþImeLIgCamYykareRbIR)as; B½t’manvaytémøesdækic©-sgÁmdMbUYg EdleBareBjedaylkçN³vinicä½y nigpþl;mUldæanRKwHTinñn½y sRmab;karsMGagnaeBlGnaKt. karGnuvtþkarRtYtBinitüeRkay²eTot GacTak;TgeTAnwgtarag segçb énlkçN³vinicä½yEdlmanRsab; CaCagsikSaB½t’manmUldæandMbUgeLIgvij EtlkçN³vinicä½yxøH k_GacRbmUlbEnßmCaeRcIndgpgEdr. enAkñúgtarag 4>1 nig 4>2 énEpñkTI4 EdlkMNt;lkçN³ vinicä½y )anENnaMGMBIrebobRbmUlTinñn½y sRmab;lkçN³vinicä½ynImYy² ehIyCaerOy² KWRtUvkareBl evlaCaGb,brmaBI 2 eTA 5qñaM mþg. RkumkargarRtUvkMNt;BIPaBsmrmü[)aneRcInCaGtibrma GaRs½yeTAelIsßanPaB nigtRmUvkarTinñn½ysRmab;TItaMgsikSaenaH.

rdUvkalman\T§iBly:agxøaMgmkelIskm μPaBnanaenAtamtMbn;eqñr-smuRTéntMbn;GasIuGeKñy_. dUcenH KYrRtUvBicarNakñúgkarRtYtBinitü nigRtUveRCIsyksßanPaBsmrmüeTAtamrdUvkalnImYy² kñúgkarkMNt;lkçN³vinicä½y ¬rebobrs;enA nigskm μPaBnana¦.

3>9 etITIkEnøgEbbNaEdlKYreFVIkarRtYtBinitü?(Where should the monitoring take place?) CaTUeTAkarRbmUlTinñn½yRtUveRCIserIsykkEnøg 2KW³

- eRkAtMbn;sikSa³ RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; CaFm μtaKWenAtamRksYg-sßab½nrdæ RKwHsßan sikSa mCÄmNÐlRsavRCav GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al nigkariyal½yepSg² EdlTinñn½y TaMgenH CaFmμtaKWmanenAeRkAtMbn;sikSa.

- kñúgtMbn;sikSa³ karsÞg;mti karsegátBinitü nigkarsmÖasn_CamYyGñkpþl;B½t’man nig RkumCnbegÁal KWRtUveFVIeLIgenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa.

3>10 etIGñkeRbIlT§plsikSaCaGñkNa? (What is the audience for the results?)

karkMNt;GñkeRbIlT§plsikSa Kwmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarBicarNa faetIlT§plsikSa man\T§iBleTAelIGñkNa TaMgviC©man nigGviC©man. GñkEdlTTYl\T§iBlBIlT§plsikSaenH KWGaRs½y edayeKalbMNgénB½t’manesdækic©sgÁm Edl)anBiPakSaenAkñúgEpñkTI2xagelI. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI

SocMon S.E. Asia 36

eKalbMNgRtYtBinitü KWsRmab;Pñak;garRKb;RKg enaHGñkRKb;RKg KWCaGñkeRbIlT§plsikSaenH ehIy dUcKñaEdr manbuKÁliksikSadéTeTot Edlcab;Garm μN_nwglT§plsikSaenH dUcCa Pñak;garTTYlRKb; RKgTUeTA ¬]TahrN_RksYgbrisßan ¦ saFarN³Cn nigCaBiessRkumédKUBak;B½n§ ¬rYmman GñkensaT nig GñkeFVIEpnkareTscrN_ CaedIm¦. vak¾mansar³sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarBicarNa faetIGñkNaGac eFVIskmμPaBTak;TgnwglT§plsikSaenH. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIeKalbMNgRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,I ksagédKUBak;B½n§[cUlrYm enaHédKUBak;B½n§cUlrYmTaMgenaH KWCaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan;énkareRbIlT§pl sikSa. CacugeRkay vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarBicarNa faetInrNatRmUv[eFVIesckþIraykarN_ GMBI skmμPaBRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigTMnak;TMngenAkñúglkçxNÐesdækic©-sgÁm. kñúgkrNIxøH GacCashKmn_ TaMgmUl ehIykrNIxøHeTotGacCaPñak;garBiessrbs;rdæaPi)al b¤CaRbFanRkumRbwkSa CaedIm.

3>10>1 etImanGVIxøHeTotEdleyIgKYrdwg? (What else should I know?) vamansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IdwgBIGtþsBaØaNénKeRmag b¤karsikSa naeBlf μ I²enH Edl)an bBa©Úlkarvaytémøesdækic©sgÁm. dMeNIrkarnana niglT§plénB½t’man KYrEteFVIkarRtYtBinitüeLIgvij edayeFVIkareRbobeFobTinñn½yBIRbPBnana muneBleFVIkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm edIm,IkMu[man PaBCan;Kña. RbsinebImanskmμPaBmYycMnYnkMBugEtdMeNIrkarenAkñúgtMbn;kMBugsikSa enaHkarENnaMelI karsMeyaKesdækic©sgÁmmanPaBcaM)ac;Nas; edIm,IkMNt;faetIkarsMeyaKkargarTaMgenH manTMnak; TMngCamYyKñay:agdUcemþc ehIyfaetIeyIgrYmbBa©ÚlskmμPaBTaMgenaHCamYyKñaedayrebobNa. va manPaBBiesscaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkarBicarNaral;skm μPaBTaMgenH eRBaHvaGacCYykat;bnßykarrMMxan dl;kargarrbs;shKmn_. ebImindUecñaHeT vanwgeFVI[mankarFujRTan;dl;smaCikshKmn_ cMeBaH skmμPaBdEdl²énkareFVIsmÖasn_RbmUlTinñn½y. eKalkarN_sikSaTaMgenH b¤ eKalkarN_ GCRMN ¬eKalkarN_sþIBIesdækic©-sgÁmsRmab; RKb;RKgFnFanpáafμ¦KWminEmnCMnYs[ vKÁbNþúHbNþal bTBiesaFn_ nigCMnajnana kñúgkarcUlrYmrbs; shKmn_elIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmeLIy EtvaCaehtuplmYy sRmab;[GñkRKb;RKgtMbn;karBar FmμCatieqñr-smuRT KitKUrBicarNa. EteTaHbICay:agNak_eday bTBiesaFn_EdlGñkRKb;RKgenA mUldæanmancMeBaHbBaðaRKb;RKgFnFanFmμCati nigÉkeTseFVIkarCamYyshKmn_ KWRtUv)anelIk Twkcitþy:agskmμ nigTTYlsVaKmn_rYmeFVIkargarCamYyKña. GVIEdlKYr[cab;GarmμN_eTotenaH GñksikSa KYrEsVgrkkic©shkarCamYysßab½n nigGñkGnuvtþn_TaMgLayNa Edlyl;dwgBIsßanPaBshKmn_ nig kMBugeFVIkaredaypÞal;CamYysmaCikshKmn_TaMgenaH ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKminmanbTBiesaFn_RKb;RKan;

SocMon S.E. Asia 37

elIkargarRtYtBinitüvaytémøesdækic©sgÁmGMBIpáafμk_eday. dUcKñaenHEdr GñkGnuvtþTaMgLay KYrEt TTYlsÁal;nUvsmasPaB[)aneRcIn CamYynwgviFIsaRsþnana edIm,ITTYl)aneKalkaN_KnøwHCamUldæan sRmab;ykeTAeRbIR)as;rYmKña.

SocMon S.E. Asia 38

EpñkTI4³ etITinñn½yGVIxøHEdlRtUvRbmUl? WHAT DATA DO I COLLECT?

4>1 etIlkçN³vinicä½ymanGVIxøH? (What are the variables?)

eKalkarN_RtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm (SocMon) KWepþateTAelIlkçN³vinicä½yesdækic©-sgÁm Edl)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragTI 2 nigTI 3 xageRkam. ÉksarbEnßm A pþl;nUvB½t’manBisþarGMBIlkçN³vinicä½y nImYy² rYmman³ etIvaCaGVI etIRbmUlTinñn½ydUcemþc etIeFVIviPaKB½t’manEbbNa nigfaetIeFVIy:agdUcemþc edIm,I [lT§plB½t’manTaMgenHmanRbeyaCn_dl;GñkRKb;RKg nigédKUBak;B½n§. edIm,IbEnßmkarbkRsay [kan;Etman PaBTUlMTUlayGMBIlkçN³vinicä½y nigfaetIeFVIkar smÖasn_ykB½t’mandUcemþcenaH sUmemIl (GCTMN) eKalkarN_sikSaesdækic©-sgÁm edIm,IRKb;RKg FnFanpáafμ ÉksarbEnßm A³ ):ar:aEm:Rtesdækic©-sgÁm nig CMBUkTI3³ karRbmUlTinñn½yenAmUldæan karsmÖasn_Bak;kNþalpøÚvkar kareFVIsmÖasn_RkumCnbegÁal nigbec©keTseRbIckçúviBaØaN.

PaKticénlkçN³vinicä½y mandUcCa Gayu ePT nigkarGb;rM Kw)anRbmUl tamry³ Gñkpþl;bT smÖasn_¼BIRkumCnbegÁal BIRbPBEdlmanRsab; k_dUcCaeFVIkarsÞg;mti. karGnuvtþn_viFIsaRsþ TaMg enH kñúgbMNgeRbobeFoblT§pl nigehtupl nana Edl)anBIRbPB2epSgKña ehIyvaGac bMeBj[KñaeTAvijeTAmk. lkçN³vinicä½ymYy cMnYn dUcCakareRbIKMrUFnFan GaceRbIkarRbmUl Tinñn½yedayviFIsaRsþeRbobeFob rYmman bec©k eTseRbIckçúviBaØaN karsegátBinitüsmÖasn_ RkumCnbegÁal. rIÉlkçN³vinicä½ydéTeTot dUcCa muxrbr RbPB cMNUl GaceFVIkarBinitüsarcuHsareLIg tamry³ cuHsÞg;mti segáttamdan nigeFVIbT smÖasn_. RbPBTinñn½yBIGñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_¼RkumCnbegÁal pþl;B½t’man nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;

karcat;EcgeKalbMNg¼bribT sRmab;EsVg yl;BITinñn½y sþIBItMbn;sikSa GñkBak;B½n§ cMnYnRbCaCn cMnYnxñgpÞHénRKYsarnImYy² nig skmμPaBnana. lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH Gacyl;dwgkan;EteBlelj enAeBleyIg eFVIbTsmÖasn_enAtMbn;sikSa.

karsikSavaytém¶dMbUg RkumsikSaKYrEtmanTinñn½y lkçN³vinicä½y[)aneRcIn edIm,ITukBinitüemIlbnþ bnÞab;eTot. EbbEpnénkar):an;RbmaNTinñn½y dMbUg KWeRbIkarsÞg;mtieTAelIlkçN³vinicä½ynana EdlCYypþl;karsßabnaTinñn½ysRmab;eFVIkarsMGag enAeBlGnaKt. karBinitüemIlCabnþbnÞab;enH GacnwgCYybRgYmbBa©IlkçN³vinicä½y[kan;EtxøI ehIy Gac[karsikSadMbUgkMNt;)anfaetIlkçN³ vinicä½yNaxøHKYrEtRtUvsikSatamdanbnþbnÞab; Ca CagbegáItlkçN³vinicä½ydéTeTot. sUmemIlta rag 4>1> CaÉksareyag enAeBlcuHeFVIkarRbmUl

Tinñn½y énlkçN³vinicä½ynana.

SocMon S.E. Asia 39

)anpþl;nUvPaBR)akdRbCadl;shKmn_ ehIyCaTinñn½ymansar³RbeyaCn_sRmab;vaytémøBIsßanPaB pøas;bþÚr nigninñakarnanaEdlekIteLIgknøgmk. eRBaHfa Tinñn½y)anmkBIkarsÞg;mti vaCaB½t’man manlkçN³Cak;lak;sRmab;RKYsarnImYy² nigbuKÁlmñak;²enAkñúgtMbn;sikSa. ]TahrN_ B½t’man enAkRmitshKmn_sþIGMBI muxrbr nigRbCasaRsþ )anpþl;karyl;dwgTaMgRsug GMBIcMnYnPaKry shKmn_TaMgenaH EdlmanPaKryénkarRbkbmuxrbrnImYy² nigPaKryrbs;shKmn_Tak;Tgnwg Gayu Rkum nigkRmiténkarGb;rM.l. pÞúyeTAvij karsÞg;B½t’mansþIBImuxrbrRKYsar nigRbCasaRsþ GacmanRbeyaCn_edIm,IkMNt;BIKuNPaBénkarrs;enAénédKUBak;B½n§ dUcCa GñkensaT nigmKÁúeTÞsn_ eTscrN_CaedIm.

sRmab;karsÞg;mtielIlkçN³vinicä½y vaKYrEtRtUv)an kt;cMNaMfa Bak;kNþaldMbUgénlkçN³vinicä½y KWsYr GMBIGñkRKb;RKgRKYsar RbCasaRsþ skmμPaBenAtMbn; eqñr-smuRT EdlBak;kNþaleTot sYrGMBITsSn³ epSg²énbuKÁlmñak;²kñúgkareqøIytb. eFVIdUcenH Gac begáInlT§PaBB½t’man BIPaBR)akdniymrbs; shKmn_

EdlmanPaBeTogRtg;tMNag[TsSn³ rbs; Kat;¼nag. taragTI 2 nigTI 3 kMNt;BIlkçN³vinicä½yRsbtamRbePT nigGtßn½yénkarRbmUlTinñn½y.

taragTaMgenH)ankMNt;lkçN³BiessmanGtßRbeyaCn_sRmab;lkçN³vinicä½ynImYy² rYmman Gtßn½y sMxan;²énkarRbmUlTinñn½y kat;bnßyPaBjwkjab;énkarRbmUlTinñn½y nigsar³sMxan;TUeTAkñúgkar RbmUlTinñn½y.

karsegátBinitü KWminkMNt;lkçN³Biess énlkçN³vinicä½yNamYyeLIy eRBaHfa vaman sar³sMxan;TaMgGs;dUcKña. RkumRtYtBinitü KW mankþIsgÇwmfa kareRbIviFansegátBinitü Cakar epþImdMbUg edIm,IbegáInkaryl;dwgenAkñúgtMbn; sikSa ehIyCaviFIBinitüsarcuHsareLIg eTAelI i ½ Ed i ½

SocMon S.E. Asia 40

taragTI2 lkçN³vinicä½yTinñn½ytamry³Gñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; ( The Key Informants/Secondary Source Variables)

karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal ¼ RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;

(K)

GkSrkat;-RbmUlTinñn½y ¬RbPBmanRsab; Sec GñkpþlB½tman = KI

karsegát = O

eRbIckçúviBaØaN = V

karsÞg;mti = S

PaBeTogTat; énkarRbmUl

Tinñn½y ¬KitCaqñaM¦

sar³sMxan;TUeTA énkarRbmUl

Tinñn½y

kRmitRbCasaRsþrbs;shKmn_ K1 tMbn;sikSa Sec 5 mFüm K2 RbCaBlrdæ Sec 5 x<s; K3 cMnYnRKYsar Sec 5 x<s; K4 GRtacMNakRsuk Sec 5 mFüm K5 Gayu Sec 5 mFüm K6 ePT¼eynD½r Sec 5 mFüm K7 karGb;rM Sec 5 mFüm K8 ecHGan nigsresr Sec 5 mFüm K9 CMenO Sec 5 mFüm K10 sasna Sec 5 mFüm K11 Pasa Sec 5 mFüm K12 muxrbr Sec 5 x<s;

ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ karGPivÆBaNiC©km μ nigvis½yÉkCn ¬cMNaM bgðajBITMnak;TMngcMeBaH RbB½n§eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñr-smuRT eTAnwglkçN³vinicä½yTaMgGs;¦

K13

ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ karGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmμ nig PaBCam©as;

Sec/KI/O 5 mFüm

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigEdnsmuRT ¬dak;bBa©ÚleynD½r eTAkñúgral;skmμPaB nigkarviPaK¦ K14 skmμPaB All 1 x<s; K15 TMnij nigesvakmμ KI/O 1 x<s;

SocMon S.E. Asia 41

K16 RbePTénkareRbIR)as; KI/O/Sec 1 x<s; K17 témøTMnij nigesvakmμ KI/O/Sec 1 x<s;

K18 kMNt;TMnijenAelITIpSar nigesvakmμ

KI/Sec 1 x<s;

K19 cMeNHdwgGñkmUldæan KI/RbvtþiTUeTA 1 x<s; K20 KMrUeRbIR)as; KI/O/V 1 x<s; K21 skmμPaBenAmUldæan KI/O 1 x<s; K22 rdUvkal KI/O 1 x<s; K23 kRmitnigRbePTb:HBal; KI/O 1 x<s; K24 kRmiteRbIR)as;BIGñkeRkA KI/O 1 x<s; K25 kareRbIR)as;rbs;RKYsar KI/O/Sec 2 x<s; K26 édKUBak;B½n§ KI 1 x<s; K27 TRmg;éneTscrN_ Sec 3 mFüm

GPi)alkic© sßab½n nigGñkeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ K28 GñkRKb;RKgrYm Sec/KI 3 mFüm K29 EpnkarRKb;RKg Sec/KI 3 mFüm K30 bTbBaØtiþyl;Rsb Sec/KI 3 mFüm K31 karRKb;RKgFnFan Sec/KI 3 mFüm K32 tMENgpøÚvkar nigc,ab; Sec/KI 3 mFüm

K33 tMENgpøÚvkar nigc,ab; TMenomTmøab; -RbéBNI

Sec/KI 3 mFüm

K34 karelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ Sec/KI 3 mFüm

K35 karcUlrYmrbs;édKU Bak;B½n§ nigkareBjcitþ

Sec/KI 3 mFüm

K36 sßab½nBak;B½n§ nig shKmn_

Sec/KI 3 mFüm

K37 GMNac nig\T§iBl Sec/KI 3 mFüm

SocMon S.E. Asia 42

taragTI3 lkçN³vinicä½ysmÖasn_tamRKYsar (Household Interview Variables) karsÞg;mti (S) kat;bnßyPaBjwkjab;énkar

RbmUlTinñn½y kñúgmYyqñaM sar³sMxan;TUeTA

kñúgkarRbmUlTinñn½y ¬x<s; rW mFüm¦

RbCasaRsþRKYsar S1 Gayu 5 mFüm S2 ePT 5 mFüm S3 CMenO 5 mFüm S4 CnCatiPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§ 5 mFüm S5 sasna 5 mFüm S6 Pasa 5 mFüm S7 muxrbr 5 mFüm S8 TMhMRKYsar 5 mFüm S9 RbPBcMNUlkñúgRKYsar 5 mFüm skm μPaBenAtMbn;eqñr-EdnsmuRT ¬pþl;TMnak;TMngénvtßúnanaenAkñúgtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nigkarviPaKFnFan¦S10 skmμPaBtamRKYsar 2 mFüm S11 TMnij nigesvakmμrbs;RKYsar 2 mFüm S12 RbePTénkareRbIR)as; 2 mFüm S13 karRbQmrkTIpSarrbs;RKYsar 2 mFüm S14 kareRbIR)as;rbs;RKYsar 2 mFüm \riyabf nigTsSn³yl;eXIj nigkarcUlrYmrbs;sßab½nTaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkar S15 K μanTIpSar nigKμantémøeRbIR)as; 3 mFüm S16 karyl;eXIjBIlkçxNÐFnFan 3 x<s; S17 karyl;GMBIkarKRmamkMEhg 3 x<s; S18 cMeNHdwgGMBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana 3 mFüm S19 karebþC¤acitþ 3 mFüm S20 karRbtibtiþ 3 mFüm S21 karcUlrYmkñúgkarseRmccitþ 3 x<s; S22 smaCikPaBenAkñúgGgÁkarEdlCaéd 3 mFüm

SocMon S.E. Asia 43

KUBak;B½n§ nigsßab½nnana S23 karyl;GMBIbBaðaRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr 3 x<s;

S24 karyl;GMBIdMeNaHRsaykñúgkar RKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr

3 mFüm

S25 karyl;GMBIbBaðashKmn_ 3 mFüm S26 eCaKC½ykñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr 3 mFüm S27 karRbQmkñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr 3 mFüm rebobkñúgkarrs;enA S28 rebobkñúgkarrs;enA 3 mFüm S29 kRmitPaBRkIRk 3 x<s;

4>2 etIlkçN³vinicä½ymYyNaEdl´eRbI? (Which variables do I use?)

RbsinebIminGacvaytémøelIlkçN³vinicä½yTaMgGs;kñúgkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmeTenaH RkumsikSaRtUvmanGnusasn_edaypþl;GaTiPaBelIlkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenaHeTAtamkarBicarNa.

4>2>1 eKalbMNg¼bribTénB½t’manesdækic©sgÁm (Goals/Context of Socio-Economic Information)

sar³sMxan;cMbgKWRkumsikSaRtUvbBa¢ak;fa ehtuGVIRtUvRbmUlTinñn½y? nigetIeRbIva[Cak;lak; dUcemþc?. ]TahrN_³ RbsinebIRkumsikSakgVl;elIkarkMNt;bBaðaRbQm enaHRtUvepþatelIbBa¢I lkçN³vinicä½ysRmab;kMNt;bBaðaRbQm. kñúgEpñkTI2 BiPakSaBIPaBepSg²éneKalbMNg¼bribT énB½t’manesdækic©-sgÁm. lkçN³vinicä½yCaGaTiPaBkñúgkarRbmUlTinñn½ysRmab;karRtYtBinitü esdækic©-sgÁm KWRtUvEteRCIserIseTAtameKalbMNgsikSa. RkumsikSaGackMNt;lkçN³vinicä½y tamtRmUvkardUcerobrab;kñúgtaragTI 4 EdllkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenaH KWmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgeKalbMNg nigbribT. karBiPakSafaetIlkçN³vinicä½y TaMgenaHGaceRbIedIm,IEsVgyl;BIeKalbMNg nigbribTy:ag dUcemþc KW)anbgðajenAkñúglkçN³vinicä½ynImYy² énÉksarbEnßm A eday)an[dwgfaetIB½t’manTaMg enaHGacmansar³sMxan;y:agdUcemþccMeBaH GñkRKb;RKg nigGñkBak;B½n§déTeTot.

SocMon S.E. Asia 44

taragTI 4 eKalbMNg¼bribTénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm niglkçN³vinicä½yBak;B½n§ kRmitRbCasaRsþkñúgshKmn_

tMbn;s

ikSa

RbCaBl

rdæ cMn

YnRKYsa

r GRt

akRmit

CnBen

cr Gay

u ey

nD½r¼e

PT

karsik

Sa kar

ecHGan

nigsr

esr

CnPaK

tic¼vN

Ñ³¼kuls

m<½n

sasn

a Pas

a mux

rbr

ehdæar

cnas

m<½n§sh

Kmn_

BaNiC¢k

©mμ ¼PaB

Cam©as

;

eKalbMNg¼bribT K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 K13

vaytémøsgÁm¼PaBFn;rbs;shKmn_ eRbobeFobnwgPaBFn;rbs;páaf μ RtYtBinitüelIskm μPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nig\T§iBl eTAelIRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþm nigesvakm μEdl)anpþl;

brimaNsm<aFeTAelIpáaf μedayskm μPaBepSgKña brimaNkareRbIkardkhUt GPirkSpáaf μ nigskm μPaBBITsSn³RbCaCn pøas;bþÚrTmøab;RbCaCnkñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFan pøas;bþÚr\T§iBlelIkareRbIFnFannigeGkUsIuEsþm etIkarpøas;bþÚrman\T§iBldUcemþcdl;RbCaCn skmμPaBGVIEdlRtUveFVIedIm,IedaHRsaykarpøas;bþÚr kMNt;sar³sMxan; témø nigvb,Fm’énFnFan nigkareRbIrbs;BYkeK

sar³sMxan; ¼ témø sar³sMxan;vb,Fm’ vaytémøehtub:HBal;viC©man nigGviC¢manén viFankarRKb;RKg karciBa©wmCIvit

TIpSar nigplitpl

snþisuxes,og lkçN³sm,tiþ nigTsSn³yl;eXIjepSg² skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr GPi)alkic© karvaytémøfaetIrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgdUcemþc RbsiT§PaBénkarRKb;RKg ksagkarcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ nigkarGb;rMsmrmü nigkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg karcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg

erobcMkarsikSadMbUgtamRKYsar nigTRmg;shKmn_

SocMon S.E. Asia 45

taragTI 4 eKalbMNg¼bribTénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm niglkçN³vinicä½yBak;B½n§ ¬ t¦ skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT

skmμP

aB TMn

ij nig

esvak

mμ Rbe

PTénk

areRbIR)

as;

tém¶énT

Mnij nig

esvak

mμ TIp

SarTMnij

niges

vakmμ

cMeNHm

Uldæan

KMrUeRbIR

)as;

skmμP

aBenAm

Uldæan

rdUvkal

kRm

itnigRb

ePTénk

arb:HBa

l; kRm

iteRbIed

ayGñk

xageRk

A kar

eRbI)as

;tamRKYs

ar Gñk

Bak;B½n

§

eKalbMNg¼bribT K14 K15 K16 K17 K18 K19 K20 K21 K22 K23 K24 K25 K26

vaytémøsgÁm¼PaBFn;rbs;shKmn_ eRbobeFobnwgPaBFn;rbs;páaf μ

RtYtBinitüelIskm μPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nig\T§iBl eTAelIRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþm nigesvakm μEdl)anpþl;

brimaNsm<aFeTAelIpáaf μedayskm μPaBepSgKña

brimaNkareRbIkardkhUt

GPirkSpáaf μ nigskm μPaBBITsSn³RbCaCn pøas;bþÚrTmøab;RbCaCnkñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFan

pøas;bþÚr\T§iBlelIkareRbIFnFannigeGkUsIuEsþm

etIkarpøas;bþÚrman\T§iBldUcemþcdl;RbCaCn

skmμPaBGVIEdlRtUveFVIedIm,IedaHRsaykarpøas;bþÚr kMNt; sar³sMxan; témø nigvb,Fm’énFnFan nigkareRbIrbs;BYkeK sar³sMxan; ¼ témø

sar³sMxan;vb,Fm’ vaytémøehtub:HBal;viC©man nigGviC¢manén viFankarRKb;RKg karciBa©wmCIvit

TIpSar nigplitpl snþisuxes,og lkçN³sm,tiþ nigTsSn³yl;eXIjepSg² skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr GPi)alkic© karvaytémøfaetIrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgdUcemþc RbsiT§iPaBénkarRKb;RKg ksagkarcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ nigkarGb;rMsmrmü nigkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg karcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg erobcMkarsikSadMbUgtamRKYsar nigTRmg;shKmn_

SocMon S.E. Asia 46

taragTI 4 eKalbMNg¼bribTénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm niglkçN³vinicä½yBak;B½n§ ¬ t¦ GPi)alkic©

sßanP

aBeTs

crN_

TRmg;én

karRKb

;RKg

Epnkar

RKb;RKg

c,a

b;EdlG

acGnuvt

þ kar

RKb;RKg

FnFan

tMEN

gpøÚvka

r nigvin

½y tMEN

gminp

øÚvkar n

igvin½y

RbéBN

i nigTMen

omTmøab

; kar

elIkT

wkcitþd

l;shK

mn_

kareBj

citþ nig

karcUl

rYm rbs

;GñkBak

;Bnß½

sßab½n

Bak;B½n

§ nigsh

Kmn_

GMNac

nig\T

§iBl

eKalbMNg¼bribT K27 K28 K29 K30 K31 K32 K33 K34 K35 K36 K37

vaytémøsgÁm¼PaBFn;rbs;shKmn_ eRbobeFobnwgPaBFn;rbs;páaf μ RtYtBinitüelIskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nig\T§iBl eTAelIRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþm nigesvakm μEdl)anpþl; brimaNsm<aFeTAelIpáaf μedayskmμPaBepSgKña brimaNkareRbIkardkhUt GPirkSpáaf μ nigskmμPaBBITsSn³RbCaCn pøas;bþÚrTmøab;RbCaCnkñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFan pøas;bþÚr\T§iBlelIkareRbIFnFannigeGkUsIuEsþm


skmμPaBGVIEdlRtUveFVIedIm,IedaHRsaykarpøas;bþÚr kMNt; sar³sMxan; témø nigvb,Fm’énFnFan nigkareRbIrbs;BYkeK sar³sMxan; ¼ témø sar³sMxan;vb,Fm’ vaytémøehtub:HBal;viC©man nigGviC¢manén viFankarRKb;RKg karciBa©wmCIvit TIpSar nigplitpl snþisuxes,og lkçN³sm,tiþ nigTsSn³yl;eXIjepSg² skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr GPi)alkic©

karvaytémøfaetIrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgdUcemþc RbsiT§iPaBénkarRKb;RKg ksagkarcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ nigkarGb;rMsmrmü nigkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg karcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg erobcMkarsikSadMbUgtamRKYsar nigTRmg;shKmn_

SocMon S.E. Asia 47

taragTI 4 eKalbMNg¼bribTénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm niglkçN³vinicä½yBak;B½n§ ¬ t¦

kRmitRbCasaRsþkñúgRKYsar skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT

Gayu

eynD

½r¼ePT

kar

Gb;rM

CnPaK

tic¼vN

Ñ³¼kuls

m<½n§

sasn

a Pas

a mux

rbr

TMhMRKYs

ar RbP

BcMNUl

rbs;RKYs

ar sk

möPaBt

amRKYs

ar TMn

ij nig

esvak

mμRKYsa

r Rbe

PTénk

areRbIR)

as;

karRbQ

mrkTIp

SarRKYs

ar kar

eRbIR)a

s;rbs

;RKYsar

Kμantém

øTIpSar

nigeRb

IR)as;

TsSn³

epSgK

ña énlk

ç½NÐ Fn

Fan

eKalbMNg¼bribT S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

S9

S10

S11

S 12

S 13

S 14

S15

S16


RtYtBinitüelIskm μPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nig\T§iBl eTAelIRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþm nigesvakm μEdl)anpþl;

brimaNsm<aFeTAelIpáaf μedayskm μPaBepSgKña


karGPirkSpáafμ nigskmμPaBBITsSn³RbCaCn

pøas;bþÚrTmøab;RbCaCnkñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFan



skmμPaBGVIEdlRtUveFVIedIm,IedaHRsaykarpøas;bþÚr

kMNt; sar³sMxan; témø nigvb,Fm’énFnFan nigkareRbIrbs;BYkeK

sar³sMxan; ¼ témø

sar³sMxan;vb,Fm’

vaytémøehtub:HBal;viC©man nigGviC¢manén viFankarRKb;RKg

karciBa©wmCIvit

TIpSar nigplitpl

snþisuxes,og

lkçN³sm,tiþ nigTsSn³yl;eXIjepSg²

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr

GPi)alkic©

karvaytémøfaetIrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgdUcemþc

RbsiT§iPaBénkarRKb;RKg

ksagkarcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ nigkarGb;rMsmrmü nigkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg

karcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§

kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg


SocMon S.E. Asia 48

taragTI 4 eKalbMNg¼bribTénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm niglkçN³vinicä½yBak;B½n§ ¬ t¦

\riyabT TsSn³yl;eXIj karcUlrYmrbs;sßab½nTaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkar

rebobkñúgkarrs;enA

karyl

;GMBIkar

KRmamk

MEhg

cMeNHdwg

GMBIc,a

b; nigb

TbBaØt

iþnana

karebþC

¤acitþ

karRbt

ibtiþ

karcUl

rYmkñúgk

arseRm

ccitþ

smaC ik

PaBenA

kñúgGg

ÁkarEdl

Caé

dKUBak

;B½n§ nig

sßab½n

nana

karyl

;GMBIbB

aðaRKb;RK

gtMbn

;eqñr

kary l

;GMBIdMeN

aHRsa

ykñúgk

ar RKb

;RKgtMb

n;eqñr

karyl

;GMBIbB

aðashK

mn_

eCaKC

½ykñúgk

arRKb;RK

gtMbn

;eqñr

karRbQ

mkñúgk

arRKb;RK

gtMbn

;eqñr

rebobk

ñúgkarrs

;enA

kRmitén

PaBRkiR

K

eKalbMNg¼bribT S17

S18

S19

S20

S21

S22

S23

S24

S 25

S 26

S 27

S 28

S29


RtYtBinitüelIskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nig\T§iBl eTAelIRbB½n§eGkUsIuEsþm nigesvakm μEdl)anpþl;

brimaNsm<aFeTAelIpáafμedayskm μPaBepSgKña


karGPirkSpáafμ nigskmμPaBBITsSn³RbCaCn

pøas;bþÚrTmøab;RbCaCnkñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFan



skmμPaBGVIEdlRtUveFVIedIm,IedaHRsaykarpøas;bþÚr kMNt; sar³sMxan; témø nigvb,Fm’énFnFan nigkareRbIrbs;BYkeK

sar³sMxan; ¼ témø

sar³sMxan;vb,Fm’

vaytémøehtub:HBal;viC©man nigGviC¢manén viFankarRKb;RKg

karciBa©wmCIvit

TIpSar nigplitpl

snþisuxes,og

lkçN³sm,tiþ nigTsSn³yl;eXIjepSg²

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr

GPi)alkic©

karvaytémøfaetIrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgdUcemþc

RbsiT§iPaBénkarRKb;RKg

ksagkarcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§ nigkarGb;rMsmrmü nigkmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg

karcUlrYmBIGñkBak;B½n§

kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg


SocMon S.E. Asia 49

4>2>2 sar³sMxan;TUeTAénkarRbmUlTinñn½y(General Importance of Data Collection) ral;lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgGs; Edl)anerobrab;kñúgtaragxagelIBIRbCasaRsþ mansar³sMxan; Nas; ehIyKYrEtmankarÉkPaBKña RbsinebIGaceFVIeTA)annUvral;Tinñn½yEdlmansRmab;RtYtBinitü. RbsinebIB½t’manEdlGacTukcitþ min)anbgðajenAkñúgRbCasaRsþeT ehIyRbPBB½t’manenaHvaCatRmUv kar GñkRKb;RKgKYrEtykcitþTukdak;edaypÞal; eTAGñkEdlerobcMeKalbMNgRKb;RKg. kñúgkrNIxøH eKalbMNgénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁmRbEhlCaminmanPaBc,as;las; ehIyeBlevla nigFnFan KWminGnuBaØat[RkumkargareFVIkarvaytémøral;lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgGs;)aneT. kñúgkrNIEbbenH kardak; sBaØapáayelIsUcnakrénlkçN³vinicä½y KWRtUvBicarNafaetIvamansar³sMxan;y:agNaEdr edIm,IRbmUl Tinñn½y edayRtUvEp¥keTAelI k-GtßRbeyaCn_kñúgkarRKb;RKg x-PaBgayRsYlkñúgkarRbmUlTinñn½y nig K-RbEhlCaGacpþl;nUvB½t’manfμ I²)an. 4>2>3 CMhanlkçxNÐCak;lak; (Step-Specific Conditions) GVIEdlmansar³sMxan;cMbgenaH KWfaRkumkargarRtUveRCIserIslkçN³vinicä½y edayEp¥kelI bBaðacMbgkñúgTItaMgtMbn;sikSa. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCakarRKb;RKgsMNl;KWCabBaðasMxan;enaH Ca GaTiPaB RkumkargarRtUvRbmUlB’t½manGMBIehdæarcnasm<½n§enAkñúgshKmn_ nigbEnßmsMnYrCak;lak; edayepþateTAelIkarGnuvtþEdlTak;TinkñúgkarTukdak;sMNl;.

RkumkargarRtUvKitTukCamuneTAelIbERmbRmYlnaeBlGnaKt TaMgkñúgkarRKb;RKg nigTaMgkar rs;enAkñúgshKmn_. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCaeP£óveTscrmankarekIneLIgenAkñúgshKmn_ enaHRkum kargarGacsYrbEnßm nUvsMnYrTak;Tgnwgvis½y]sSahkm μeTscrN_ nigkarb:HBal;rbs;va.

enAkñúgtaragTI2 nigTI3 )anraymuxénsUcnakreTAtamEpñknImYy²sRmab;karRbmUlTinñn½y. CaBiesseTotenaH taragTaMgenH )anrayBITidæPaBénsUcnakr rYmTaMgGtßn½ysMxan;sRmab;karRbmUl Tinñn½y kat;bnßyelIkarRbmUlB½t’manRcMEdl² nigpþl;BIsar³sMxan;TUeTAénkarRbmUlTinñn½y. karsegát KWmin)ankMNt;[)anCak;lak;eTAelIsUcnakrNamYyeT eRBaHvamansar³sMxan;dUcKña. Rkum kargarRtYtBinitü RtUvecHeRbIkarsegát nigkarBinitüsarcuHsareLIgeTAelITinñn½yEdlRbmUl)an tam ry³Tinñn½yEdlmanRsab; Gñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ nigkarsmÖasn_tamRKYsar. kñúgtaragTI 4 KWtaMgcitþ CYydl;GñkRKb;RKgnUvGaTiPaBrbs;lkçN³vinicä½y edIm,IeFVIkarRtYtBinitü tamry³eKaledA nigbMNg énkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT.

SocMon S.E. Asia 50

EpñkTI5³ etIeyIgRtUveFVIGVIxøHCamYyTinñn½yTaMgenH? (WHAT DO WE DO WITH THESE DATA?)

5>1 karviPaK (Analysis)

karviPaKTinñn½y CaEbbEpnEdlRbRBwtþeTA manlkçN³CaRkum. CaTUeTAénkarRbmUlTinñn½y RkumkargarKYrmankarRbCMuBIbIeTAbYndg edIm,IRtYt BinitüeLIgvijRBmTaMgbBa¢ak;nUvTinñn½y nigsikSa lkçN³vinicä½yCaKnøwH[)anRtwmRtUv munnwgTMnak; TMngEckcaylT§pl nigeFVIEpnkar.

CalT§pl karviPaKTinññn½yPaKeRcIn CaBiesskarviPaKTinñn½yEbbKuNPaB KYYrEtRtUv)an bMeBj[eBjelj kñúgkMLúgeBlcuHRbmUlTinñn½yenAtammUldæan. karviPaKcugeRkay éncugbBa©b; elIkarRbmUlTinñn½y KWRtUvBinitüemIleLIgvij nUvTinñn½yTaMgLayEdl)anBIkarviPaKenAmUldæan.

manCMhansMxan;²CaeRcIn EdlRkumkargarRtUvGnuvtþrYmKñasRmab;viPaKTinñn½y ³ k- cgRkgral;Tinñn½yTaMgGs; ³ edayRbmUlpþúMral;Tinñn½yeBjeljTaMgLayEdl)anmkBI

RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; Gñkpþl;smÖasn_sMxan;² nigeKalkarN_sÞabsÞg;mti. x- karerobcMTinñn½y³ edayeFIVkarpøas;bþÚrTinñn½yEdlRbmUl)anBIRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;

Gñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_nana nigB½t’)anBIkarsÞab;sÞg;mti sRmab;ykeTAeFVIviPaK. K- karbkRsayTinñn½y³ eFVIkarRtYtBinitüeLIgvijnUvlT§plBItaragviPaKTaMgLay edIm,I

kMNt;BIGtþsBaØaN nigerobcMB½t’manEdlTak;TgnwgeKalbMNgénkarsikSaRtYtBinitü esdækic©-sgÁm ¬sUmemIlEpñkTI2¦. bnÞab;mkTinñn½yTaMgenH RtUvRtYtBinitüeLIgvij edIm,I bgðajBITMnak;TMngKña nigPaBxusKña munnwgbBa©ÚlkñúgtaragkMNt;ninñakar nigKMrUeRbI R)as;va ehIyninñakar nigKMrUeRbIR)as;TaMgenH GackøayCakarsikSaKnøwH. lT§plTaMgenH KWRtUv)anRbmUlpþMúkñúgkarkMNt;Tinñn½ynana edIm,ICYydl;KnøwHénkarsikSa. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCa eKalbMNgsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm epþateTAelIehtub:HBal;edaysarEt K μanc,ab;hamXat;karensaT enaHcMNucBIrrbs;lkçN³vinicä½yEdleyIgKYrcab;GarmμN_ KW muxrbr (K12) nigskmμPaB (K14) . sRmab;karviPaKB½t’manTaMgenH RbEhlCaGac yl;dwgBIkarpøas;bþÚr enAkñúgcMNucmuxrbr nigskmμPaBnana ehIyeyIgk_yl;eXIjEdrfa

karsikSaKnøwH KWsMedAeTAelIkarkMNt;bBaða b¤k¾ emeronEdlRtUv)ansikSaedayRkumkargar EdlcaM )ac;sRmab;eKalbMNgRtYtBinitü b¤RtUvyl;dwg BI bribTesdækic©sgÁmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§. sUmemIl eKalkarN_ GCRMN CMBUk4³ karbBa©b;viPaK Tinñn½y edIm,ITTYlB½t’manbEnßmeTAelIkarsikSa CaKnøwH nigeKalkarN_mUldæansRmab;viPaK.

SocMon S.E. Asia 51

RbCaCneFVIkarpøas;bþÚrBIrbrensaTeTARbkbrbrepSg² nigeFVIskm μPaBnanadéTeTot. Rbsinmankarpøas;bþÚrTaMgRsugBIrbrensaT cMNuccMbgénkarsikSarbs;eyIg Gac[dwgfa c,ab;man\T§iBleTAelIskmμPaBensaT edayeyIgGacdwgtamry³RbCaCnGMBIkarcak ecjBIkarrkrbrensaT eTARbkbrbrnanaepSgeTot. dUcenH lT§plGMBImuxrbr nig skmμPaBnana GacCYy[karsikSayl;dwgBIKnøwHsMxan;². tamry³karRtYtBinitü eLIgvijeTAelITMnak;TMng nigPaBxusEbøkBIKña kñúgEpñknImYy²rbs;Tinñn½y vaGacCYy kMNt;PaBpøas;bþÚrnUvlkçN³vinicä½ynImYy². sRmab;lkçN³vinicä½ynImYy² KWRtUvykmk BiPakSafaetIKYreFVIkarviPaK nigeRbIR)as;B½t’many:agdUcemþc } etIeyIgeFVIkarviPaKTinñn½y dUcemþc?} ehIy }faetITinñn½yGacCYydl;GñkRKb;RKg nigGñkBak;B½n§nanaeRbIR)as;va y:agdUcemþc?} sUmemIlenAkñúgÉksarP¢ab; A bEnßm.

X- karyl;RsbelIKnøwHsMxan;²énkarsikSa³ edayEp¥kelIkaryl;RsbKñanUvTinñn½y Edl KUsbBa©ak;bkRsaycMeBaHKnøwHsMxan;²énkarsikSa ehIyeRCIserIsvasRmab;KaMRTdl; sar³sMxan;énkarsikSa nigkarRbmUlB½t’manedIm,ICMnYydl;karsikSa.

g- karGHGagbBa©ak;lT§plEdl)anrkeXIj³ edayBiPakSaCamYyédKUBak;B½n§nana nUvKnøwH sMxan;²énkarsikSa edayeFVIkarTMnak;TMngKñaeTAvijeTAmk dUc)anbgðajkñúgkarBiPakSa xageRkam. ral;karkt;sMKal;eTAelIPaBxusKñaNamYyrbs;Tinñn½y KYrEtBinitüeLIgvij edayEp¥kelIRbPBedImrbs;va.

5>2 kareFVITMnak;TMng¼karqøúHbBa©aMg (Communication/Feedback)

RTg;RTayEdlsMxan;bMputsRmab;dMeNIrkarénkarRtYtBinitü KWkareFVITMnak;TMngcMeBaHlT§pl EdlTak;TgeTAnwgeKalbMNg nigGñkeRbIR)as;. TaMgGs;enHmanTMnak;TMngelIkarBiPakSaénlT§pl Edl)anrkeXIj CamYyGñkcUlrYmeRbIR)as; GñkcUlrYmeFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMg nigkarGHGagbBa¢ak; rYmTaMg karEsVgrkesckþIseRmccitþmYyEdlRtwmRtUv nigeFVIskmμPaB edayeRbIR)as;lT§plTaMgenH.

kñúgdMeNIrkarTMnak;TMng man\T§iBly:agxøaMgelIkarsRmbsRmYlKña kñúgviFIsaRsþRKb;RKg FnFantMbn;eqñr edayeRbIR)as;Tinñn½y¼B½t’manEdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSa edIm,IeFVI[RbesIreLIg dl; karRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrnaeBlGnaKt. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCaeKalbMNgRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm cg;EsVg yl;BItémø nigsar³sMxan;énpáaf μ enaHlT§plEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkaryl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCn eTAnwg témø b¤KμantémøsRmab;kareRbIR)as; nigTIpSarenaH KWGac[eyIgyl;dwgBItémø nigsar³ sMxan;énpáafμ.

SocMon S.E. Asia 52

EtRbsinebIlT§plbgðajfaRbCaCnPaKeRcIn mankaryl;dwgCaviC¢man GMBItémø nigsar³sMxan;énkar karBarpáafμ GVIEdlRtUvelIkmkBnül;bgðajenaHKWGtßRbeyaCn_rbs;páaf μ. dUecñH B½t’manTaMgenH Gñk RKb;RKgGacykeTAeRbIR)as; edIm,IBnül;eTAkan;saFarN³Cn nigGñkerobcMeKalneya)ay GMBI sar³RbeyaCn_énpáaf μ edIm,Idak;viFankarkarBarFnFanTaMgenH.

dUcGVIEdl)anBiPakSaenAkñúg EpñkTI3>3 nig3>9 GñkcUlrYmeRbIR)as;lT§plsikSaenH Gacman tamlMdab;cab;BIsmaCikshKmn_ rhUtdl;GñkerobcMeKalneya)ay nigGñkRKb;RKgFnFantMbn; eqñr. cab;epþImBIcMNucRkmsIlFm’kargar vaRtUv)anpþl;CaGnusasn_fa lT§plénkarRtYtBinitü esdækic©-sgÁm RtUvraykarN_eTAkan;shKmn_vij eTaHbICaBYkeKminEmnCaGñkeRbIR)as;vak_eday ehIyeyIgRtUveFVIeLIgedaykareKarBeTAkan;smaCikshKmn_ nigGñkEdl)ancMNayeBlevla smÖasn_CamYyeyIg.

karFujRTan;kñúgkareFVIsmÖasn_ KWCabBaðad¾F¶n;F¶rmYyenAkñúgdMeNIrkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm k_b:uEnþ RbCaCnPaKeRcInEdlCab;Tak;TgenAkñúgdMeNIrkarenH nigeRbIR)as;lT§plenH KWCaGñkQanmux cUlrYmedays μR½Kcitþ enAkñúgskmμPaBkargarRtYtBinitüeRkay²eTot. ehtudUecñH vamansar³sMxan; Nas; kñúgkarBiPakSaedaypÞal;CamYyRbCaCnenAkñúgshKmn_ Biesspþl;»kasdl;BYkKat; edIm,I eFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMg nigvaytémøelIlT§plEdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSa b¤BIeKalneya)ay nigKeRmagnana Edlman\T§iBleTAelIBYkKat;.

enAeBlkMNt;)anlT§plehIyenaH faetIlT§plNamYyEdlGacelIkmkeFVICacMNucsMxan; nigeFVIkarEbgEckCamYyGñkeRbIR)as; ehIyRkumkargarRtUvKitfa etIlT§plEdlTTYl)anTaMgenaH GacmanPaBeCOCak;)anb:uNÑaBIGñkeRbIR)as;nImYy² kñúgkarTTYlyknUvlT§plsikSaTaMgenH edIm,I eFVIskmμPaBrbs;BYkeK. m:üageTotRkumkargark_RtUvKit BIcMENkTieTonNamYyrbs;B½t’man EdlGñk eRbIR)as;nImYy²kMBugEtEsVgrkBIlT§plTaMgenaH.

5>2>1 ynþkarTMnak;TMng (Communication Mechanisms) lT§plénkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm GacmanTMnak;TMngepSgKñaCamYynwgGñkeRbIR)as; tamry³ ynþkarTMnak;TMngEtmçag nigeTAvijeTAmk. ynþkarTMnak;TMngEtmçag rYmman³

• smÖar³sRmab;sresr ¬r)aykarN_/ Rkdas¦ • smÖar³sRmab;emIl ¬b½NÑRbkas/ rUbft¦ • karBnül;bkRsayedaypÞal;

SocMon S.E. Asia 53

• bNþúMénkarpSBVpSay ¬kaEst/ TsSnavdþI/ viTüú/ TUrTsSn_¦ • eKhTMB½r

ynþkarTMnak;TMngeTAvijeTAmk rYmman³ • karRbCMuCasaFarN³ b¤CamYyGñkPUmi • karBiPakSaCaRkum • karBiPakSamYyTl;nwgmYy • TMnak;TMngedayRbeyal ¬TUrs½BÞ TUrs½BÞvIDIGU Web camera ¬karCECkedayemIleXIjrUb

PaBtamry³ Internet¦ • GIuEm:l

karGnuvtþynþkarTMnak;TMngeTAvijeTAmk KWmanplcMeNjTaMgGñkRbmUlB½t’man nigGñkcUl rYmpþl;B½t’man ehIyBiesseTotenaHKW)an[GñkcUlrYmpþl;B½t’manman»kascUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkarRtYt Binitü nigpþl;mtiqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelIlT§plEdl)anrkeXIj. RbsinebImanynþkar[GñkTaMgenaHcUl rYmkñúgdMeNIrkarRtYtBinitü enaHBYkeKgaynwgKaMRT nigTTYlykskm μPaBnana Edl)anEp¥kelIlT§pl énkarsikSa. enAeBlEdlmankareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ faetIynþkarNamYyRtUvelIkykmkeRbIenaH RkumkargarKYrEtBicarNaelIsMnYrEdl)anelIkmkxageRkamenHCamunsin dUcCa³

• etIGñkcUlrYmcUlcitþviFIGVIkñúgkarTTYlykB½t’man? sMnYrenHmanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñiT CamYy nwgkRmiténkarGb;rM nigsmtßPaBEpñkbec©keTsrbs;BYkKat;. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr cMeBaHkarBicarNaeTAelIGRtaénGñkEdlGacTTYl)anB½t’man edayecHGan ecHsresr sþab;viTüú b¤emIlTUrTsSn_.

• etIGñkTaMgenaHmankaryl;dwgb:uNÑaGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;kMuBüÚT½r? etIGñkTaMgenaHeRbIR)as; GIun eFIENtjwkjab;b¤eT? etIBYkKat;RbmUlpþúMKñaRbCMu b¤eFVIsnñísiTCaeTogTat;eT? ebIsinCaman etIenAeBlNa?

• CaFmμtaetIPaKeRcInBYkKat;cUlcitþeRbIBaküsMray b¤k¾Bakübec©keTsenAkñúgkarsnÞna?etIenA TINa ehIyeFVIy:agdUcemþcEdr cMeBaHEbbEpnTMnak;TMgKñakñúgkarsnÞna? ehIyeKeRbIPasaGVI?

• etIBYkKat;cUlcitþ} RbCMutamPUmi } b¤ RbCMuCalkçN³sarFarN³ EdlGacpþl;»kas[BYkKat; )anbeBa©jmti? etIPasaGVIEdleRbIsRmab;eBlRbCMu? ehIyGñkNaKYrEtCaGñkENnaM?

SocMon S.E. Asia 54

RbsinebImanRkumcaj;eRbobeK b¤k_RkumbnÞab;bnSMenAkñúgtMbn;sikSaenH vamansar³sMxan; Nas; kñúgkarerobcMdMeNIrkaredIm,ICYbEsVgyl;BIeKalbMNgGñkTaMgenaH dUcCakarerobcMRbCMuBiess CamYyBYkKat;.

5>2>1 karsresr)aykarN_ (Writing Reports)

RbsinebI lT§plEdlTTYl)anmanTMnak;TMngCaTRmg;kñúgkarsresrr)aykarN_ enaHeyIgRtUv ykr)akarN_enaHmkbgðajCUndl;GñkcUlrYmEdlCaRkumeKaledA. r)aykarN_GacmanTRmg;epSg² KñaGaRs½yeTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;r)aykarN_. GñkeRbIR)as;cugeRkayxøH dUcCaGñkerobcMeKalneya)ay b¤GñkeFVIesckþIseRmccitþfñak;x<s; RbEhlCamancMNab;GarmμN_tictYceTAelIkarBiBN’na GMBIlkçN³ TUeTAéntMbn;sikSarbs;shKmn_ b:uEnþBYkeKGaccab;GarmμN_eRcIneTAelIerOgr:avepSg² bBaðanana nigskþanuBlénkareFVIdMeNaHRsay. manGñkeRbIR)as;cugeRkayxøHeTot dUcCaGñkRsavRCav Pñak;garGPivDÆn_EpnkarEdleFVIkarenAkñúgtMbn; nigGñkRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr cg;)ankarBnül;Bisþar GMBIkarRKb;RKgénlkçxNÐesdækic©sgÁm nigktþananaEdlTak;TgnwgFnFanrbs;édKUBak;B½n§enAtMbn;.

EbbEpnénkarerobcMr)aykarN_ rYmman³ • esckþIsegçb³ BiPakSasegçbGMBIerOgr:av bBaða »kas nigdMeNaHRsay Edl)ankMNt;

enAkñúgkarRtYtBinitü. • esckþIepþIm¼savtaénB½t’man³ BiPakSaGMBIeKalbMNgsMxan;² nigPaBCak;lak; kñúgkarsikSa

RtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm ¬Tak;TgnwgkareRbIR)as;epSg²KñanUvB½t’manesdækic©-sgÁm Edl)an bgðajxagelI¦ nigRbvtþixøH²eTAelIlkçN³énCIvsaRsþ FnFanFmμCati sgÁm esdækic© nig neya)ay enAkñúgtMbn;.

• viFIsaRsþ³ BiPakSaGMBIviFIsaRsþeRCIserIs viFIsaRsþRbmUlTinñn½y nigviFIsaRsþkñúgkarviPaK Tinñn½ytamEbbb KuNPaB nigbrimaN.

• lT§pl³ eFVIbTbgðajeTAelIlT§plsMxan;² EdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSaRtYtBinitü rYmman³ taragB½t’man düaRkam TMnak;TMngKñaeTAvijeTAmkrvaglkçN³vinicä½ynImYy² nigerOgr:av nanaEdl)anmkBIkarBiPakSa. lT§plCak;lak; Edl)anbgðajGMBIkarERbRbYlnImYy² RtUv )ankt;RtaenAEpñkviPaKB½t’man enAkñúgÉksarbEnßm A nigtarageFVIkarviPaKénÉksar bEnßm D nig E xageRkay.

SocMon S.E. Asia 55

• esckþIsnñidæan³ BiPakSaGMBIkarsikSaCaKnøwH nigTMnak;TMngénB½t’man Edl)anmkBIlT§pl sikSa CMuvijeKalbMNgedIm sRmab;eFVIkarsikSaRtYtBinitü.

• Gnusasn_³ karpþl;CaGnusasn_sRmab;skmμPaBRKb;RKg nigskþanuBlsRmab;eFVIkaredaH RsaybBaðanana KWRtUv)anTTYlykCalT§plsRmab;karsikSaRtYtBinitüenH.

• ÉksarbEnßm³ 1- ftcmøgviFaneBjeljsRmab;eFVIkarsikSa ¬dUcCa taragcuHsÞg;mtiGMBI cMnYnRKYsar¦ nig 2- lT§pleBjelj rYmbBa©Úlkarsegçbsißti Edl)anBIbBa¢IsMNYr TaMgGs;Edl)ansYr.

5>3 PaBsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg (Adaptive Management)

lT§plénkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm (SocMon) KYrEtRtUv)aneRbIeTAelIPaBsRmbén karRKb;RKg dMeNIrkarRKb;RKg EdlbBa¢ak;BIkareronpgeFVIpg edayeFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMg ehIyP©ab;karvivtþ QaneLIgénB½t’man nigcMeNHdwgeTAnwgkarRKb;RKg. PaBsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg GacekItmaneLIg edaykareRbIB½t’manesdækic©sgÁm edIm,IBinitü nigeFVIkar):an;RbmaNeLIgvij nUvlT§pl nigskmμPaB RKb;RKgTaMgLay Edl)anGnuvtþknøgmk. Ep¥ktamkarsikSavaytémøenH karpøas;bþÚrcaM)ac;RtUv)an eFVIeLIgenAkñúgEpnkarRKb;RKg edIm,IeFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvkarRKb;RKgsRmab;GnaKt.

sRmab;karBiPakSabnþeTot sUmemIlEpñk } faetI B½t’manTaMgenHGacmanGtßRbeyaCn_dl; GñkRKb;RKg nigGñkBak;B½n§nanay:agdUcemþc} CamYynwglkçN³vinicä½yEdlmankñúgÉksarbEnßm A . kñúgtaraTI 5 xageRkamsegçbnUvGVI EdlRkumkargarRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm)anKit edIm,IFanafavaman RbsiT§iPaBsRmab;PaBsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg edayeRbIlT§plénkarsikSaRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm. taragenHk_nwgCYydl;RkumkargarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm eFVIEpnkareTAelIyuT§saRsþTMnak;TMng edIm,I TTYl)an lT§plénkarsikSaRtYtBinitüenH.

taragTI 5 eRKagkarsRmab;eFVIkarTMnak;TMng nigPaBsRmbelIkarRKb;RKg etIGñkNaKYrRtUv)anR)ab;GMBIlT§pl én SocMon enH nig karCab;Tak;Tin rbs;BYkeKeTAelI Epnkar karRKb;RKg nigkarerobcMeKalneya)ay?

GVIxøHEdlKYrEt eFVIkarpøas;bþÚr?

etIkarpSBVpSay RbePTGVI

Edll¥CageK?

etIkarpSBVpSay

enHmanehIy b¤enA?

FnFan EdltRmUv

[man

SocMon S.E. Asia 56

ÉksarbEnßm A: lkçN³vinicä½yANNEX A: THE VARIABLES

enAkñúgEpñkTI4 )anpþl;bBa¢IsegçbGMBIlkçN³vinicä½yrbs;eKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitü esdækic©-sgÁm. enAkñúgÉksarbEnßmenHvij KW)anBN’naGMBIlkçN³vinicä½ynImYy²Edlman dUcteTA³

etIvaKWCaGVI ?- KWCakarBN’naBIlkçN³vinicä½y

etIkarRbmUlTinñn½ydUcemþc? - KWCakarBN’na faetIRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc ¬dUcCa RbePTGñk eFVIbTsmÖasn_ nigRbPBTinñn½y EdlmanRsab;¦ nigsMnYrEdlTak;Tgnwg karsmÖasn_ Edl)ancgRkgenAkñúgÉksar bEnßm B nig C. kñúgkrNIxøHénEpñkenH }karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm} KW)anpþl;nUvkarENnaM B½t’manbEnßm EdlmanRbeyaCn_enAkñúgkarRbmUlTinñn½yTaMgenaH.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc? -KWCakarBnül;bkRsayBIGVI EdlRtUveFVICamYyTinñn½yTaMgenaH rYmman³ eRbobeFobCamYyTinñn½ydéTeTot tarag b¤erOgr:avnana Edl)ancgRkgkñúg Éksar bEnßm D nig E. karERbRbYlPaKeRcInenAkñúgEpñkenH }karviPaKbEnßm} KWpþl;kar kt;sMKal; cMeBaHkarviPaK Edl)anbgðajenAkñúgÉksarbEnßm D nig E éntarageFVIkarviPaK Tinñn½y.

etIkarRbmUlB½t’manGacmansar³RbeyaCn_y:agdUcemþcEdrsRmab;GñkRKb;RKg nigGñkBak;B½n§ déTeTot? - KWCakarBiPakSa faetI B½t’manGacmanRbeyaCn_Tak;TgnwgeKalbMNg Edl)ankt;sMKal;enAkñúgEpñkTI2 Edrb¤eT.

lkçN³vinicä½yRtUv)anbgðajCa 2Epñk edayEp¥k elIGtßn½yénkarRbmUlTinñn½yrbs;BYkeK mandUcCa RbPBGñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ karemIleXIjedaypÞal; RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nigkarcuHsÞg;mti. kñúgEpñknImYy² énlkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH ¬dUcCa

Gayu ePT karGb;rM karecHGan nigecHsresr sasna CMenO nig CnCatiPaKtic¦ Edl)anbgðajeday

esckþIbEnßmenH BN’naGMBIkarerobcMlkçN³vinicä½yeBjeljEdlGaceFVIkarRtYtBinitü)an. cab;epþImBIcMNucenH RkumkargarRtYtBinitütRmUv [eRCIserIslkçN³vinicä½yNamYy Edlsm RsbeTAnwgeKalbMNg nigsßanPaBrbs;va dUc)anelIkykmkBiPakSaenAkñúg EpñkTI4.

ÉksarbEnßm B nig C rYmmansMnYrEdl)ankt; RtaBIeKaledAnImYy²eTAtamEpñkrbs;va. ÉksarbEnßm D nig E rYmmantaragviPaKTinñn½y sRmab;karKNna RtUv)anbkRsayeTAtamEpñk nImYy².

SocMon S.E. Asia 57

Rkumkargar edaysarEtvamanTMnak;TMngy:agCitsñit CamYyGtßn½yd_sMxan;kñúgkarRbmUlTinñn½y karviPaKTinñn½y nigkareRbIR)as;Tinñn½y edayEp¥keTAelItaragTI 2 nigTI 3 énEpñkTI 4 Edl)an erobrab;xagelI BIlkçN³vinicä½yTaMgGs;enaH.

kRmitRbCasaRsþshKmn_ (Community-Level Demographics)

K1: tMbn;sikSa ¼ STUDY AREA

etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) tMbn;sikSaKWsMedAeTAelITItaMgFnFaneqñr-smuRT k_dUcCakEnøgEdlGñkBak;B½n§kMBugeFVIkarsikSa RsavRCav. RBMEdntMbn;sikSaRtUv)ankMNt;edayTItaMgrUbsaRsþrbs;FnFan nigCakEnøgEdlédKU Bak;B½n§rs;enA nigeFVIkar. ehtudUecñH tMbn;sikSaeRcInmanTItaMgsßitenACMuvijtMbn;eqñr nigtMbn;EdlrgépÞ TwkB½T§CMuvij. lMenAdæanrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ Gacmankarpøas;bþÚreTAkan;tMbn;EdlmanTItaMgx<s;Cag nigq¶ayCagtMbn;EdlRtUvRKb;RKg. eyIgGaceRCIserIsykshKmn_mYy b¤eRcIn sRmab;eFVICatMbn; sikSa edayrYmbBa©ÚlCamYyédKUBak;B½n§sMxan;²pgEdr. sUmemIlenAkñúgk,Ünxñatrbs; GCRMN

Rtg;CMBUk1³ skmμPaBeRtomTuk eFVIGtþsBaØaNtMbn;sikSasRmab;ykmkBiPakSanaeBlGnaKt.

etIkarRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to collect the data)

CaTUeTAB½t’manGMBItMbn;sikSaeRcIn)anmkBIEpnTItMbn;enaH nigkarBiPakSaCamYyGñkpþl;B½t’man dUcCa RbFanshKmn_ RbFanPUmi b¤ecAhVayRsuk. dUcGVIEdl)ankt;Rta enAkñúgRbPBTinñn½yEdl manRsab; eKalkarN_ENnaMkñúgkareFVIsmÖasn_. vamansar³sMxan;Nas;edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgsMnYr Edl)ansYrfa etIRBMEdntMbn;sikSamanGVIxøH? tMbn;enHtRmUv[eFVIkarkt;RtaenAelIEpnTIEdrb¤eT. erobcMEpnTI ehIyykeTAeFVIkarBiPakSaCamYyGñkpþl;B½t’man edayeRbIeQ μaHeTAtamshKmn_mUldæan edIm,IkMNt;BIsar³sMxan;énlkçN³PUmisaRsþéntMbn;sikSaenaH. eyageTAelIÉksarbEnßm D tarag viPaKRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nigB½t’mansmÖasn_sMxan;².

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ vaGacmanRbeyaCn_edIm,IRbmUlTinñn½y edayEp¥kelImUlehtunana nig TMenarénKMrUeRbIR)as;EdlkMNt;edayshKmn_. eyageTAelIÉksarbEnßm D taragviPaKRbPBTinñn½y EdlmanRsab; nigB½t’mansmÖasn_sMxan;².

SocMon S.E. Asia 58

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) segçbB½t’manEdl)anmkBIGñkpþl;bTsmÖasn_ nigdak;vaeTAelIEpnTIeKalmYy EdlGacRbI )anenAkñúgdMeNIrkarRtYtBinitü nigeFVIkarBnül;bkRsaynUvlT§pl. RBMEdntMbn;sikSa RtUvEp¥keTA elIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT nigTItaMgrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ EdlKYrEteFVIkarkMNt;sMKal;enAelIEpnTI rYm TaMgTItaMgsMxan;²pgEdr. lT§plénkarkMNt;EpnTIRtUvbBa©ÚlB½t’manBIkareFVIsmÖasn_ nigRbPB Tinñn½yEdlmanRsab; sRmab;eFVIviPaK.

etIkarRbmUlB½t’manGacmansar³RbeyaCn_y:agdUcemþcEdrsRmab;GñkRKb;RKg nigGñkBak;B½n§ déTeTot (How the information can be useful to managers and other stakeholders)

karkMNt;c,as;las;GMBItMbn;sikSa KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IkMNt;BIKMrUénkareRbIR)as; FnFan nigskþanuBlKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFnFan. tamry³kMNt;smÁal;tMbn;sikSaenAelIEpnTI GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIlkçN³PUmisaRsþEdlekItmanenAkúñgtMbn; dUcCa³ tMbn;TICRmal tMbn;eFVI ksikmμ nigtMbn;GPivDÆn_lMenAsßanEdlmandg;suIetx<s; tMbn;fμb:RbHTwk bMENkpáafμ éRBekagkag QUgsmuRT .l. EdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;eqñr nigekaHEdlsm,Úredaypáaf μ. karerobcMbøg;EpnTI KWCadMNak;kalsMxan; enAkñúgkarksagTMnak;TMng rvagkarRKb;RKg nig shKmn_. cMENkÉviFanemIlnwgEPñk KWeRbIsRmab;pþitykrUbPaBpÞal; edIm,IerobcMEpnTIsgÁmrbs; shKmn_ nigkareRbIFnFansRmab;skm μPaBnana. epþImecjBITsSn³vis½yénkm μviFIRtYtBinitü esdækic©sgÁm vamanPaBcaM)ac;Nas;edIm,IkMNt;TItaMgtMbn;;sikSaedayepþatelIkarRtYtBinitüEdlman knøgmk ehIyedIm,IgayRsYleFVIkareRbobeFobeTAtamlMdab;lMedayeTotenaH RkumkargarRtYtBinitü RtUvmanPaBc,as;las;eTAelIRBMEdnsikSaEdlkMBugeRbIR)as;edayshKmn_.

K: 2 nig K: 3 RbCaBlrdæ nigcMnYnRKYsar ¼ POPULATION, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) RbCaBlrdæ KWCacMnYnRbCaCnsrubEdlmanlMenAdæankúñgtMbn;sikSa. cMnYnRKYsar KWCacMnYnRkum

mnusSEdlmanenAkñúgRKYsarnImYy² Edl)andwgenAeBlcab;epþImdMeNIrkarsikSaesdækic©-sgÁm ¬dUcCa³ RkummnusSEdlkMBugEckrMElkKñaBIGaharnigR)ak;cMNUl¦ enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa edayminrYm bBa¢ÚlcMnYnRkumRKYsarEdlrs;enAkúñgpÞHEtmYy.

SocMon S.E. Asia 59


Tinñn½yGMBIRbCaBlrdæ nigcMnYnRKYsar CaFm μtaeRcIn)anmkBIsßitiCMerOnRbCaCn rbs;fñak;Cati fñak;tMbn; b¤enAfñak;mUldæan EdleyIgGacrk)anenAtamkariyal½yrdæaPi)almUldæan nigsalaextþ-Rkug. vamansar³sMxan; kñúgkarBinitüeLIgvijnUvTinñn½yTaMgenHCamYyCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man dUcCa RbFanshKmn_CaedIm. dUc)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragRsg;Tinñn½yEdlmanRsab; ¼ karENnaMGMBI karsmÖasn_ nigsMnYrBicarNa edIm,IepþatkarykcitþTukdak;fa³

• etImancMnYnRbCaCnb:unμannak;kMBugrs;enAkñúgtMbn;sikSa? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> • etImanRKYsarcMnYnb:unμanenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ vaGacmanRbeyaCn_kñúgkarsYrsMNYrGMBIkarERbRbYlcMnYnRbCaCnkñúg ry³eBlb:unμanqñaMmkenH nigmUlehtunanaénkarERbRbYlTaMgenH.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) kareRbIR)as;Tinñn½yBIRbPBB½t’manEdlmanRsab; nigCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man bBa¢ak;GMBIcMnYn RbCaBlrdæ nigcMnYnRKYsar edayeFVIkarkt;RtaB½t’manTaMgenaHtamry³taragviPaK RbPBTinñn½y EdlmanRsab;¼karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal. karviPaKbEnßm³ lT§plEdl)anmkBIqñaMmun² KWRtUvKNnadkecj edIm,IeFVIbc©úb,nñPaB én bERmbRmYlTinñn½ykñúgkMLúgeBlenH. eRbobeFobbERmbRmYléncMnYnRbCaBlrdæ nigcMnYnRKYsarknøg mk CamYykarERbRbYlénlkçxNÐFnFanrYm TaMgTinñn½yBIkRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; ¬K23¦ edIm,I Binitü[dwgfa etIvamanTMnak;TMngEbbNarvagkarERbRbYlcMnYnRbCaCn CamYynwglkçxNÐFnFan.


karEsVgyl;BIRbCaBlrdæ nigcMnYnRKYsar enAtMbn;sikSaKWmansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,Iyl;dwg GMBIkarKRmamkMEhg. sßitiRbCaBlrdæ pþl;nUvkaryl;dwgCaTUeTAeTAelIsmÖaFénkareRbIR)as;FnFan FmμCati. CaTUeTA tMbn;NaEdlmandg;suIetRbCaBlrdækan;Etx<s; FnFanenAkúñgtMbn;enaHk¾RtUv)an TTYlrgnUvsm<aFF¶n;F¶rpgEdr. B½t’mansIþBIdMeNIrERbRbYleTAtameBlevlanImYy² mansar³ RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIsm<aFmkelIFnFanfa vaekIneLIg fycuH b¤k_enAdEdl. kareRbob

SocMon S.E. Asia 60

eFoblkçxNÐFnFanCamYynwgkRmiteRbIR)as; GacCYybBa¢ak;)anfa etImanlkçxNÐFnFancMnYnb:unμan EdlkMBugTTYlrg\Ti§BlBIkarekIneLIgéncMnYnRbCaBlrdæ. epIþmecjBITsSn³vis½yénkmμviFIRtYtBinitüesdækic©-sgÁm cMnYnRbCaBlrdæ nigcMnYnRKYsar mansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IkMNt;cMnYnRkumRKYsarsRmab;eFVIsmÖasn_. dUcenH vamansar³RbeyaCn_ Nas;kñúgkarRbmUlB½t’manTaMgenH BIGñkpþl;B½t’man muneBlcab;epIþmcuHeFVIkarsikSa.

K4: GRtaCncMNakRsuk ¼ MIGRATION RATE etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

GRtaCncMNakRsuk KWsMedAeTAelIPaKryénbERmbRmYlcMnYnRbCaBlrdæenAkñúgshKmn_ Edl CalT§pléncMnYnbMlas;TIcUl b¤ecjrbs;RbCaCn BItMbn;sikSakúñgqñaMknøgmk.


Tinñn½yGMBICncMNakRsuk CaFm μta)anmkBIkareFIVCMerOnfñak;Cati fñak;tMbn; b¤tamshKmn_ mUldæan EdleyIgGacrk)anenAtamkariyal½yrbs;rdæaPi)alfñak;mUldæan. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarRtYtBinitüeLIgvijCamYyCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’mansMxan;² dUcCa RbFanshKmn_CaedIm. dUc)an kt;RtakúñgtaragsmÖasn_CnbegÁal/RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; sMnYrsMxan;²EdlRtUvecaTsYr man dUcteTA³

- etIqñaMknøgmkmanCncMNakRsukekIneLIg b¤fycuH EdleFVIkarbMlas;TIcUlmkrs;enA b¤k_ cakecjBItMbn;sikSaEdrb¤eT? ¬kt;Rta ¬+¦ b¤ ¬-¦ GMBIkarpøas;TIcUl b¤cakecj¦.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) kareRbITinñn½yBIGñkpþl;B½t’mansMxan;² nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; GacCYykMNt;BIGRtaCn

cMNakRsuk Edl)ankt;RtaenAkñúgtaragviPaKTinñn½ymanRsab; nigBIGñkpþl;B½t’man. ]TahrN_ enAqñaM1999 manRbCaCncMnYn 1000nak; rs;enAkúñgPUmi ehIyenAqñaM2000 manRbCaCncMnYn 500nak; )ancUlmkrs;enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa mann½yfaGaRtaCncMNakRsukcUlKW 500/1000= 50°.

karviPaKbEnßm³ lT§plEdl)anmkBIqñaMmun² KWRtUvKNnadkecj edIm,IeFVIbc©úb,nñPaBén bERmbRmYlTinñn½ykñúgkMLúgeBlenH. kareRbobeFobbMErbMrYledaymanCncMNakRsuk CamYykar ERbRbYlénlkçxNÐFnFan rYmTaMgTinñn½yBIkRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; ¬K23¦ edIm,IBinitü [dwgfa etIvamanTMnak;TMngEbbNarvagkarERbRbYlcMnYnRbCaCn CamYynwglkçxNÐFnFan.

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GRtaénCncMNakRsukKWmansar³sMxan;pgEdrcMeBaHkaryl;dwgeTAelIkarKRmamkMEhg ebI RbCaCncUlmkrs;enAkñúgtMbn;NamYyenaH sm<aFeTAelIFnFank_ekIneLIgpgEdr. CaBiess kar eRbobeFobCamYylkç½xNÐFnFan nigkRmitb:HBal;KWsMxan;Nas; edIm,IBinitü[dwgfaetIvaman TMnak;TMngEbbNa rvagCncMNUlfμ I CamYynwgkarERbRbYlénkarb:HBal; niglkçxNÐFnFan.

GRtaCncMNakRsukmansar³sMxan;Nas;dl;\T§iBleTAvijeTAmkCamYyGñkBak;B½n§ CaBiess sRmab;karbegáItkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg. CncMNUlRsukf μ IGacCaGñkEdlmancMeNHdwgTabmkelIFnFan tMbn;eqñr nigkmμviFIRKb;RKg CagGñkEdlrs;enAyUrGEgVg. kmμviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñrCamYy GaRtax<s;énCncMNUlfμ ImkkñúgshKmn_ KYrEterobcMbeBa©jbBa©Úl[RsbeTAnwgkarekIneLIgéncMnYn RbCaCnEdlkaryl;dwgGMBIbrisßanrbs;BYkeKmankRmit. ]TahrN_ GñkRKb;RKgKYrEterobcMkic©RbCMu shKmn_edaymanGñkeRbIR)as;FnFanBImun nigGñkcMNUlfμ I edIm,ICYy[GñkcMNUlfμ Iyl;dwgBIrebob rbbénRbB½n§RKb;RKgEdl)anGnuvtþknøgmk. m:üagvijeTot GñkRKb;RKgRtUvdwgfa etIskm μPaBGVI EdlGñkcMNUlfμ IRtUvcUlrYm ehIyBYkKat;¼nag GacTTYlykskmμPaBTaMgenaHb¤eT. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCamancMnYnsNæaKarfI μ²d¾eRcIncUlmkdMeNIrkarenAkñúgshKmn_ ehIyeFVIkarkab;éRBekagkag edaymankaryl;dwgtictYcGMBIRbB½n§eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñr enaHtRmUv[GñkRKb;RKgmankarbegIátÉksar vIedGUGb;rM sþIBIsar³sMxan;énFnFansmuRT k¾dUcCaeFVIkarTak;TajePJóveTscrN_ [yl;BIkarb:HBal; BIdMeNIrkarrbs;sNæaKarmkelIFnFand¾mantémøTaMgenaH.

K 5 – 11: Gayu eynD½r¼ePT karGb;rM karecHGannigecHsresr CnPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§ CMenOsasna nigPasa ¼ AGE, GENDER/SEX RATIO, EDUCATION, LITERACY,

ETHNICITY/CASTE/TRIBE, RELIGION, LANGUAGE

etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) Gayu ePT karGb;rM karecHGan nigecHsresr CMenO sasna nigPasa KWCalkçN³vinicä½y sRmab;RbCasaRsþmUldæan. karGb;rM KWRtUv)anvas;sÞg;edayKitCacMnYnmFümRbcaMqñaM cMeBaHGñkEdl )anbBa©b;karsikSaenAkúñgsala nigmanGayuelIsBI16qñaM. karecHGan nigecHsresr KWRtUv)anvas; sÞg; edayKitCaPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnenAkúñgtMbn;sikSaEdlmanlT§PaBecHGan nigsresr)an.

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Gayu KWRtUv)anvas;sÞg;edayKitCaPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnenAkúñgtMbn;sikSaEdlmanRbePTGayuxus² Kña. eynD½r¼ePT KWRtUv)anvas;sÞg;edayKitCaPaKryéncMnYnburs nigRsIþ kñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdæ kñúgtMbn;sikSaTaMgmUl. CMenO nigsasna KWRtUv)anvas;sÞg;edayKitCaPaKry éncMnYnRbCaCnenA kúñgtMbn;sikSa EdlmanCMenO nigsasnaxus²Kña eTAtamkþIR)afñaerog²xøÜn.

etIkarRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to collect the data) mUldæanB½t’manGMBIRbCasaRsþrbs;tMbn;sikSa KWCaEbbEpnmYysRmab;RbeyaCn_eRbIR)as; Edl)anmkBIRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nigkariyal½ysßitirbs;rdæaPi)al mRnþIPñak;garenAfñak;XMu-Rsuk-extþ nigmCÄmNÐlshKmn_. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarRtYtBinitüeLIgvijnUvB½t’man TaMgenaHCamYytMNagshKmn_. karRbmUlTinñn½y KYrepþatkarykcitþTukdak;CuMvijkarkMNt;PaKry éncMnYnRbCaCnenAkúñgtMbn;sikSaEdlmanRbePTepSg²Kña dUcCa³ Gayu eynD½r¼ePT karGb;rM karcUlrYmkúñgCMenOsasna nigRkumCnCatiPaKtic. dUc)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; sMnYrsMxan;²EdlRtUvecaTsYrmandUcteTA³

− etIRbePTPaKryénGayuRbCaCnenAkúñgtMbn;sikSabc©úb,nñmanbu:nμan? 0-18qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>° 19-30qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>° 31-50qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>/° elIsBI50qñaM>>>>>>>>>>°? − etImancMnYnRbCaBlCnb:unμanPaKryCaburs nigRsIþ? burs>>>>>>>>° nigRsþI>>>>>>>>>° − etImancMnYnRbCaCnCamFümb:unμanPaKryenAkúñgtMbn;sikSaEdlmanGayuelIsBI16qñaMehIy TTYl)ankarGb;rM?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>° − etIRbCaCnb:unμanPaKryEdlecHGan nigsresr?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>° − etImanCnCatiPaKticcMnYnb:unμanRkum ehIyRkum²nImYy²manb:unμanPaKryEdr EdlkMBugrs;

enAkñúgtMbn;sikSaenH? Rkum-k>>>>>>>>>>° Rkum-x>>>>>>>>>>° Rkum-K>>>>>>>>>>° .l. − etImansasnacMnYnb:unμanRkum ehIyRkumnImYy²manb:unμanPaKryEdr enAkñúgtMbn;sikSaenH?

RBHBuT§>>>>>>>>>° GIusøam>>>>>>>>>>° katUlIk>>>>>>>>>>>°.l. − etIkareRbIPasacMbgepSgKñamancMnYnb:unμanRkum ehIyRkumnImYy²manb:unμanPaKryEdr enA

kñúgtMbn;sikSaenH? Rkum-k>>>>>>>>>° Rkum-x>>>>>>>>>>>° Rkum-K>>>>>>>>>>>° .l.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarKYrEtRsg;ykB½t’man sþIBIRkumGñkBak;B½n§nwgneya)ayenA fñak;mUldæanpgEdr eRBaHvaCaB½t’manmansar³RbeyaCn_bMput EdleyIgGacTTYl)anBIGñkpþl;

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B½t’mansMxan;² nigRbPBB½t’manmanRsab;. RkumGñkneya)ayGacraraMgmin[RbCaCneFVIkarCa mYyKña EtBYkKat;k_Gacpþl;CaTsSn³epSg²sþIBItémøénFnFanpgEdr. m:üagvijeTot enAkñúg tMbn;xøH Rkumkargark_GacTTYl)anB½t’manBIbkSBYkniympgEdr ehIyvamansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkaryl;dwgeTAelImuxgar nigkarTTYlxusRtUv EdleRbIR)as;edaybkSBYkniymTaMgenH. B½t’manTaMgenH KYrEtRtYtBinitüemIleLIgvij CamYynwglT§plkñúgtaragénsiT§ieRbIR)as; nig kareRbIR)as;CalkçN³RbéBNI (K33) nigsiT§iGMNac nig\T§iBl (K37) .

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) ecjBIRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nigCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man GackMNt;cMnYnPaKryRbCaCn kñúgRbePTnImYy² ehIyEdl)ankt;RtakñúgtaragkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigtaragviPaKRbPBTinñn½y EdlmanRsab;. xageRkamenHKWCa]TahrN_BIPaKryénGayukñúgshKmn_

PaKryénGayukñúgshKmn_ 0-18qñaM>>23° 19-30qñaM>>41° 31-50qñaM>>16° nigelIsBI50qñaM>>20°

karviPaKbEnßm (Additional Analysis): KUsrgVg;edayEckCa3 Epñk edIm,IbgðajBIEpñkGayu Epñksasna nigEpñkCnCatiPaKtic EdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa. dkecjTinñn½ynaqñaMknøgmk edayeFVI karKNnanUvbMErbMrYlTinñn½yry³eBlknøgmk. bEnßmBIenH vaGacmansar³sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkar BiBN’naBIRbCasaRsþkñúgtMbn;sikSa faetIvamankarpøas;bþÚry:agdUcemþcEdrry³eBlknøgmk. Tinñn½y Edl)anRbmUlKWRbhak;RbEhlnwgTinñn½ymYycMnYnénkarsÞg;mti. kareRbobeFoblT§pl KWGnuBaØat [eyIgyl;BIsuRkwtPaBénTinñn½y. RbsinebIkareRbobeFobmanlT§plepSgKña vacaM)ac;Nas; Edl eyIgRtUvEtBiPakSaCamYyCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man edIm,IkMNt;BImUlehtuénPaBxusKña. ebImindUecñaHeT karsikSaBIsßitiTaMgmUl ¬karsikSaeTAelIRKYsarTaMgGs; KWminEmneRCIserIsKMrUxøHeT¦KYrEtRtUveFVI edIm,I EsVgyl;BIsuRkwtPaBéncMnYnRbCasaRsþkñúgtMbn;sikSa.


ral;lkçN³vinicä½yxagelIenH mansar³sMxan;edIm,IbegIátkarcUlrYmBIédKUBak;B½n§nana enAkñúg karRKb;RKg. karGb;rM karecHGan nigsresr nigkRmitGayurbs;GñkPUmi KYrEteFIVkarBüakrN_ edIm,I

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[BYkeKTTYlCaKMnitfIμ². CaTUeTAenAeBlEdlGayurbs;GñkPUmimankarekIneLIg PaBebIkcMheTAelI KMnitfI μ²mankarfycuH ¬dUcCa³ karbegIáttMbn;hamXat;ensaT¦ b:uEnþenAeBlEdlKMniténkarGb;rM mankarekIneLIg PaBebIkcMheTAelIKMnitfI μ²k_ekIneLIgvijEdr. ]TahrN_ GñkensaTcas;² minsUv manKMnitpøas;bþÚrmuxrbrrbs;Kat;enaHeT b:uEnþkarbNþúHbNþalsRmab;GñkensaTekμg² eFVI[BYkeK emIleXIjPaBTUlMTUlaysRmab;KMnitf μ I²elIkaréqñRbDitcMeBaHviC¢aCIv³rbs;BYkeK. edayEp¥kelIkar yl;dwgBIlkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH GñkRKb;RKgGacTTYl)anplcMeNjBIcMeNHdwgEdlGacekItmanf μ I² nig GacCYydl;viFankarRKb;RKgTaMgkar]btßmÖKaMRT nigdMeNIrkarGnuvtþ.

TidæPaBelICMenO nigsasnak¾mansar³sMxan;pgEdrenAkñúgrcnasm<½nßRKb;RKgsgÁm ehIyva manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgsmaCikRkumkñúgshKmn_ PaBeCOesμaHRtg; nig\riyabTniymenAkñúgshKmn_. ehIyvaCamUldæanEdlGacnaMBYkeKsμ ½RKcitþeFIVkargar nigrs;enACamYyKña. Ep¥kelIkaryl;dwg BITMnak; TMngKñarvagCMenO nigsasna GñkRKb;RKgGacyl;dwgc,as;fa etI\riyabfédKUBak;B½n§y:agdUcemþc nigmanTMnak;TMngKñaeTAvijeTAmkdUcemþcEdr. TMnak;TMngénjatisnþan RsedogKñaeTAnwgTMnak;TMng enAkñúgshKmn_pgEdr ehIyRbEhlnwgGacCYyCRmujsmtßPaB[BYkGñkPUmi EdlmansBa¢ati nigCMenOsasnaxusKña mancMNab;GarmμN_ecHeFVIkarCamYyKña.

B½t’manTaMgenH k_GacmanRbeyaCn_pgEdr edIm,IkMNt;cMNuccab;epþImeTAkúñgRkumkargar. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCMenOsasnaenAkñúgshKmn_mYymanTMnak;TMngxøaMg enaHesvakm μeTAelIGñkkan; sasna b¤kic©RbCuMenAkñúgshKmn_GacmanGñkcUlrYmeRcIn ehIyGñkdwknaMsasnaenAkñúgtMbn;enH GacykCaGñktMNag[shKmn_pgEdr. CMenO nigsasnaGacCYyRkumkargar eFVIkarCamYyGñkPUmi [emIleXIjBITsSn³epSg²Kña nigtémøelIFnFan eTaHbICaeKeFVIkarEtelIkic©karsasna nigCMenOrbs; BYkeKk¾eday.

rIÉvb,Fm’ nigeynDr½¼ePTvij GacbgðajBIsUcnakrénkarcUlrYm eRBaHfaenAkúñgvb,Fm’xøH RsIþminRtUv)anelIkTwkcitþ[eFVIskmμPaBneya)ay nigkarRKb;RKgeLIy. kñúgkrNIEbbenH vamankar lM)akpgEdr kñúgkarCRmuj[RsþIcUlrYmkñúgkarRKb;RKg. karGb;rM karecHGan nigsresr sasna nigCMenOdUcKña KWCaPaBsMxan;edIm,Iyl;dwgBIkarb:HBal; énkarRKb;RKgeTAelICIvrs;enA nigsuxmalPaBnaeBlknøgmk. Biess karekIneLIgkRmitsikSa vamanTMnak;TMngCamYykarbgðajBIehtub:HBal;CaviC¢mantamry³sUcnakrényuT§saRsþRKb;RKg. pÞúy eTAvijkarkat;bnßyPaKryéncMnYnRbCaBlrdækñúgkarGb;rM BiessRkumCnCatiPaKtic KWGacemIl

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eXIjBIehtub:HBal; tamry³sUcnakrN_ényuT§saRsþRKb;RKg EdlminesIμPaBKñaeTAelIRkumTaMgenaH. plvi)akenAkúñgkarGFib,aycMeBaHbBaðaTaMgenH KWkMBugeFVI[mankarCab;Tak;TgnwgyuT§saRsþRKb;RKg kúñgcMeNameKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIepSgeTot EdlCamUlehtusRmab;karpøas;bþÚrTaMgenH.

Gayu manRbeyaCn_sRmab;karBüakrN_BIsm<aFelIFnFaneTAGnaKt. RbCaBlrdæekμg² Edl CaFmμtaKWCaCnCatikñúgtMbn;GasuIGeKñy_ )anbgðajR)ab;[dwgfa BYkeKGacCasm<aFd_F¶n;F¶rmYy eTAelIFnFanenAkMLúgb:unμanqñaMxagmuxenH.

müa:geTot ecjBIkarsikSayl;dwgGMBIkm μviFIRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm B½t’manelIkarEbgEck Gayu eynD½r¼ePT karGb;rM CMenO sasna rcnasm<½n§muxrbr GacmanRbeyaCn_kan;EtTUlMTUlay cMeBaHRbCaCnenAkúñgtMbn;sikSaEdl)ancUlrYmeFVIsmÖasn_. ]TahrN_ RbsinebI 30° Cam©as;TUk 60° CabNþajRkumGñkensaT nig10° CaGñkensaTCnCatiedIm enaHRkumkargarRtUvFanafa kareRCIscMnYnPaKryGñksmÖasn_ KWmancMnYnRbhak;RbEhlKñanwgcMnYnPaKryrbs;RkumnImYy². vak_ mansar³sMxan;pgEdrkñúgkarRbmUlB½t’manTaMgenaHBICnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_ muneBlcab;epþImeFVI karsikSa. ¬emIlEpñk 3>4 sRmab;eFIVkarBiPakSaelIkareRCIserIsGñkpþl;cemøIy¦.

K12: muxrbr ¼ OCCUPATION etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) muxrbr KWsMedAeTAelIskm μPaBTaMgLayNaEdlpÁt;pÁg;dl;CIvPaBrs;enA dUcCacMNUl Gahar

b¤karRTRTg;sMxan;²epSgeTot. muxrbrbzm KWCaRbPBcMbgsRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit cMENkÉmuxrbrbnÞab; bnSMepSg²eTot KWCaRbPBcMNUlbEnßmEdlCYyKYbpSMsRmab;RTRTg;CIvPaB[RbesIreLIg.


Tinñn½ysIþGMBImuxrbr eyIgGacRbmUl)antamry³RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; dUcCa³ sißtiCMerOn GMBIkarensaT nigEpnkarGPivDÆn_shKmn_. eTaHbICay:agNak¾eday k¾va)anbgðajGMBIkRmiténkar Rbkbmuxrbr EdlmanRbeyaCn_dl;GñkRKb;RKg. ]TahrN_ }esvakmμeTscrN_GackMNt;)anfaCa muxrbr} dUecñH GñkRKb;RKgGaccg;dwgBIPaKryepSgKña énGñkeFVIesvakm μelIkarCYlTUk nigGñkeFVIkar sRmab;sNæaKar. vamansar³sMxan;kñúgkareFVIIsmÖasn_CamYyCnbegÁal dUcCa³ RbFanshKmn_ nigGñktMNag EpñkepSg²eTot ¬dUcCa³ smaKmGñkensaT smaKmm©as;sNæaKar¦. B½t’manRtUv)an kt;RtaeTAkúñgtaragENnaMsIþBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;bgðajenAxageRkam.

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karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarGacsaksYrBImuxrbrxusc,ab;EdlkMBugekItman. vaman sar³sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarRbmUlB½t’manBIrbrxusc,ab;BIGñkpþl;smÖasn_; eTaHbICamankarlM)akkñúgkar pþl;B½t’manedayGñksmÖasn_k_eday. karsegÁtBinitüemIledayEPñk GacCYypþl;B½t’manBIskmμPaB xusc,ab;kñúgtMbn;sikSapgEdr. Rkumkargark_RtUvyl;dwgbEnßmEdr GMBIkRmitGñkeFVIskmμPaB nigGñk K μanskmμPaB ehIyebIsinkRmiteFVIskm μPaBx<s; enaH)anbgðajfa sm<aFelIFnFankMBugekIneLIg.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) kareRbIR)as;Tinñn½yEdl)anmkBIRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nigCnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_ Gac

kMNt;cMnYnPaKryRbCaBlrdæEdlkMBugbeRmIkartamvis½ynImYy² nigcMnYnRbCaCn EdlkMBugCRmuj muxrbrnImYy²rbs;BYkeK tamCMnajerog²xøÜn. B½t’manenHRtUv)ankt;RtaenAkñúgtaragviPaK Edl)anBI karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; dUcmanCa]TahrN_xageRkam³

muxrbrsMxan;² enA kñúgshKmn_

PaKrykargar Edl RbCaCnkMBugRbkb rbr ehIy)ancat; TukCamuxrbrbzm

cMnYnRbCaCnEdl kMBugRbkbrbr

ehIy)ancat;Tuk Camuxrbrbzm

PaKrykargar Edl RbCaCnkMBugRbkb rbrehIy)ancat;TukCamuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM

PaKrykargarEdl RbCaCnkMBugRbkb rbrehIy)ancat;TukCamuxrbrbEnßmeTot

1> GñkensaT 58 ° 580 20 ° 10 °2> GñkCYlTUkkILa 10 ° 100 0 ° 0 °3> GñkeFVIvarIvb,km μ 20 ° 200 5 ° 1 °4> buKÁliksNæaKar 5 ° 50 0 ° 0 °5> ksikr 5 ° 50 10 ° 4 °6> GñkeFVIkargarrdæ 3 ° 30 0 ° 0 °

karviPaKbEnßm: eFVIkardkecjnUvlT§plqñaMmun² edIm,IKNnabERmbRmYlnaeBlknøgmk

ehIyeRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenH CamYykarERbRbYllkçxNÐFnFanRbePTénkareRbIR)as; ¬K16¦ kRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; ¬K23¦ nigkarsegátelIkarKRmamkMEhg ¬S17¦ edIm,IBinitüemIlfa etIvamanTMnak;TMngKñay:agNa. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr elIkarGFib,ayxøI² BImuxrbrcMbg² nigsar³sMxan;rbs;va eTAelIPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnEdl)anRbkbkñúgmuxrbrnImYy² ehIyRtUvdwgfa etIvamankarERbRbYly:agdUcemþcEdrnaqñaMknøgmk.

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PaKryénmuxrbrbzm nigmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSMbEnßm Gacdak;bBa©ÚlKñasRmab;bgðajsUcnakr GaRs½yelImuxrbrnImYy². enAkñúg]TahrN_enH 80° éncMnYnRbCaCneFVIkargar KWGaRs½yeTAelIkar ensaT EdlcMnYn 10° eTotRbEhlCakMBugrkrbrbEnßm.

Tinñn½yEdl)anRbmUl KWRbhak;RbEhlnwgTinñn½ymYycMnYnénkarsÞg;mti. kareRbobeFob lT§pl KWGnuBaØat[eyIgyl;BIsuRkwtPaBénTinñn½y. RbsinebIkareRbobeFobmanlT§plepSgKña va caM)ac;Nas; EdleyIgRtUvEteFVIkarsikSamþgeTot. KYrkt;sMKal;fa karsÞg;mti KWRtUvEp¥keTAelIcMnYn Tinñn½yRbCaCnTaMgmUl ¬KWminEmnRbCaCnmankargareFVIenaHeT¦ edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgGñkK μankargareFVI pgEdr. edIm,IebobeFob[manPaBsuRkwt karsikSasÞg;mti KWRtUveFVIkarKNnaeLIgvij edayEp¥keTA elIbBaI¢kt;RtaéncMnYnRbCaCn ¬edayminRtUvrab;bBa©Úlfa sisS nigGñkKμankargareFIV.l.¦ Camuxrbr rbs;BYkeKenaHeT.


rcnasm<½n§muxrbr KWCaRbPBB½t’manmYyEdlmanRbeyaCn_bMput ehIyvaTak;TgnwgkarKRmam kMEhgelIFnFan. vapþl;nUvkaryl;dwgBIcMnYnRbCaCnEdlcUlrYmenAkúñgskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr ehIyPaK eRcInénskmμPaBTaMgenHKWmanskþanuBlKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr. karERbRbYlkñúgkMLúg qñaMknøgmk nigkareRbobeFobBIkRmitnigRbePTénkarb:HBal;elIFnFan (K23) KWGac[Rkumkargar yl;c,as;las;BITMnak;TMngénkarKRmamkMEhg. ]TahrN_ ebIsineyIgeXIjfa naqñaMknøgmk manRbCaCnkan;EteRcIneLIg² RbkbrbrensaTCarbrbzmrbs;BYkeK enaHplb:HBal;EdlbNþalBI karensaTTaMgenHk¾kMBugEtekIneLIgeRcInpgEdr. kareRbobeFobCamYylkçxNÐFnFan KWbgðajR)ab; BIkarFøak;cuHénplensaT enAeBlEdlcMnYnRbCaensaTkMBugmankarekIneLIg. kareRbobeFobBI RbePTeRbIR)as; (K16) nigkRmitnigRbePTénplb:HBal; (K23) GacmanRbeyaCn_ edIm,I[emIl eXIjfa faetIskmμPaBTaMgenaHkMBugmankarekIneLIgedayrebobNa. kareRbobeFobeTAelIkar KRmamkMEhg (K17) KWmansar³sMxan;edIm,I[emIleXIjfa etIshKmn_yl;BIkarekIneLIgeday rebobNaenAeBlEdlBYkeKBinitüeXIjBIskmμPaBb:HBal;dl;FnFanmankarekIneLIg.RbsinebIcMnYn GñkensaTmankarekIneLIg b:uEnþlkçxNÐFnFanenAl¥ enaHRbePTénkareRbIR)as;minbNþal[man

SocMon S.E. Asia 68

eRKaHfñak;eLIy ehIyRbsinebIshKmn_min)anBicarNaeTAelIkarensaTkRmit ¬mFüm b¤F¶n;¦ enaHkarensaTminGacbgá[mankarKRmamkMEhgdl;FnFaneT. rcnasm<½n§muxrbr KWmanRbeyaCn_pgEdr edIm,IkMNt;BIsar³sMxan;rbs;FnFansmuRT. ebI PaKryéncMnYnRbCaCneRbIR)as;FnFankan;EteRcInCagmun enaHmann½yfakarBwgBak;eTAelIFnFan k_ kan;EteRcInpgEdr dUcenHFnFanmansar³sMxan;Nas;. karekIneLIgcMnYn b¤PaKryRbCaCn Edl kMBugeFVIkargarTak;TgnwgskmμPaBFnFantMbn;eqñrknøgmk mansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarbgðajR)ab;BI PaBsm,ÚrEbbénFnFan. bEnßmBIenH r)ayRbCaCnenAkúñgmuxrbrepSg²Kña k¾)anbgðajR)ab;BI esßrPaBénsßanPaBesdækic©rbs;shKmn_ ehIyvamanPaBsMxan;pgEdr edIm,I[yl;dwgBIsar³ RbeyaCn_énFnFan nigPaBFn;rbs;shKmn_. ebIRbCaCnPaKeRcInBwgEp¥keTAelIkarensaT enaHshKmn_nwgTTYl)annUvbTBiesaFn_énkarb:HBal;d¾F¶n;F¶r edaysarEtkarFøak;cuHFnFanBI ]sSahkmμensaT. CacugeRkayrcnasm<½n§muxrbrmansar³sMxan;pgEdr edIm,IbBa¢ak;BI\Ti§BlyuT§saRsþRKb;RKg mkelICIvPaBrs;enArbs;shKmn_. ]TahrN_ GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIj karERbRbYlénmuxrbr bnÞab;BIvKÁbNþúHbNþalBICeRmIsénCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCn b¤mYyBYkeKGacemIleXIjBIkarpøas;bþÚr muxrbrensaT eTArkmuxrbrepSgeTot eRkayBI)anbegIáttMbn;hamXat;ensaTmk. B½t’manTaMgenH nwgmanRbeyaCn_pgEdr sRmab;GñkBak;B½n§[yl;dwgkan;Etc,as;BIkRmitBwgBak;eTAelIFnFantMbn; eqñr-smuRTrbs;BYkeK. karyl;BIsar³sMxan;énskmμPaBepSg² nwgCYy[shKmn_cUlrYmkñúgkar RKb;RKgy:agmanRbsiT§PaB ehIyvak_CYyBYkeKpgEdreTAelIkarBicarNaehtub:HBal;nana edayGñk eRbIR)as; nigsßanPaBepSg²rbs;GñkBak;B½n§.

ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ PaBCam©as; nigkarGPivDÆGaCIvkm μ (Community Infrastructure , Bussiness Development and Ownership)

K13: ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ PaBCam©as; nigkarGPivDÆGaCIvkm μ ¼ COMMUNITY

INFRASTRUCTURE, BUSSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND OWNERSHIP etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ KWCakarvas;sÞg;elIkarGPivDÆ nigRTBüsm,tiþTUeTA enAkúñgshKmn_ mUldæan. vak_BiBN’napgEdrBIkRmitesvakmμrbs;shKmn_ ¬dUcCa mnIÞreBTü salaeron TUrsB½Þ GinF½rENt rlkFatuGakas GKÁIsnI pSar \NTan sNæaKar karpÁt;pÁg;Twk ynþehaH navadwkCBa¢Ún

SocMon S.E. Asia 69

rfynþRkug rfePøIg eragcRkbgákRtI-sac; nigehdæarcnasm<½n ¬pøÚv rbs;eRbIsaFarN³¦ .l.¦ ehIy GacbBa©ÚlB½t’mansMxan;² edIm,IkMNt;FnFanEdlrgkarb:HBal;edaysarEtskmμPaBmnusS dUcCa GagRbRBwtþkm μTwks¥úy.

karGPivDÆGaCIvkmμ KWCakarvas;sÞg;elIkarGPivDÆesdækic©TUeTAenAkúñgshKmn_mUldæan nig BinitüemIl»kasGaCIvkmμedayEp¥kelI\NTan nigehdæarcnasm<½n§TMnak;TMngEdlman. vak_Ep¥kelI cMnYn nigRbePTGaCIvkm μenAkñúgtMbn;sikSapgEdr ehIyfaGñkNaCam©as;énGaCIvkm μTaMgenH ¬etIm©as; GaCIvkm μTaMgenHCasmaCikshKmn_ b¤GñkenAeRkAshKmn_¦. m©as;GaCIvkmμ nwgpþl;KMnitkñúgkar cMNayelIGaCIvkm μrbs;BYkeK CaCagR)ab;BIcMNUlénGaCIvkmμrbs;BYkKat; ehIykarrFVIGaCIvkmμ RTg;RTaymFüm b¤RTg;RTayFM vaGacmanplb:HBal;dl;karGPivDÆkñúgtMbn;sikSaTaMgenH. karGPivDÆ nigkarBRgIkGaCIvkm μ GaRs½yelI\NTanEdlGacTTYl)anTaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkar nigkarTMnak; TMngl¥ k_dUcCamanehdæarcnasm<½n§dwkCBa¢ÚnpgEdr.


B½t’manxagelIenHGacRbmUl)anedaykareFVIsmÖasn_CnbegÁal RbFanshKmn_ b¤k_visVkrRkug nigkarBinitüemIleLIgvijnUvRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; nig)anmkBIÉksarXMu-Rsuk-extþ CaBiess )anmkBIkariyal½yGPivDÆshKmn_ karedIrsegátCuMvijshKmn_ nigbBa¢IsareBIP½NÐehdæarcna sm<½n§shKmn_.

sRmab;ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IkMNt;bBa¢Ivtßúnana nigesvakmμ Edl)anksagknøgmkenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa dUcCa³ salaeron eKhdæan mNÐlsuxPaB Kilanubdæayikar RbcaMkar mnIÞreBTü »sfsßan evC¢bNiÐt bNþajGKiÁsnI TUrs½BÞ dMeNIrkarGIunFWeNt viTüú TUrTsSn_ karEst eragcRk GagRbRBwtþkmμTwks¥úy eragcRkTwkkk pøÚvcak;ekAsU‘ bNþajpÁt;pÁg;Twk[tam lMenAdæan FanaKar \NTaneRkApøÚvkar mNÐlsasna ePaCnIydæan sNæaKar pÞHsMNak; nigesvakmμdwkCBa¢ÚnRKb;RbePT ¬TUk Lan rfePøIg ynþehaH¦ Edlmankm μviFIc,as;las;.

sRmab;karGPivDÆGaCIvkm μ vamansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IkMNt;BIesvakm μ nigbBa¢Ivtßúnana Edl manenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa dUcCa³ pSarlk;Gahar ePaCnIydæan XøaMgpÞúkTMnij sßanIy_eRbg\n§n³ FnaKar pSarlk;bgÁar kEnøglk;vtßúGnusSavrIy_ kEnøglk;sMPar³muCTwk nigeTscrN_ kEnøgensaTRtIkMsanþ pÞHsMNak;¼sNæaKar¼tMbn;kMsanþ nigkEnøgCiHTUkkMsanþ.

SocMon S.E. Asia 70

sRmab;bBa¢Ikm μvtßúénGaCIvkmμnImYy² mansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IEsVgyl;faGñkNaCam©as;én GaCIvkm μTaMgenH ¬dUcCa m©as;TIkEnøglMenAdæan nigm©as;edImtMbn;GaCIvkm μTaMgenH¦. RbePTepSgKña énm©as;GaCIvkmμ RtUv)anerobcMRsbKñaeTAnwgsar³sMxan;kñúgcMnYnEdl)anbgðajkñúgtaragxageRkam. RbePTm©as;edIm nigkEnøgsñak;enA KYrEtRtUvkMNt;[)anc,as;las;.

RbePTGaCIvkm μ RbPB\NTan nig GRtakarR)ak;

lMdab;fñak;* m©as;edIm nigTIkEnøg sñak;enA

lMdab;fñak;*

*lMdab;fñak;EdlekItmanCajwkjab;³ RbePTEdlminsUvsMxan; KWRtUvdak;lMdab;elx 1

enAkúñgkrNIxøH bBa¢ITaMgenHGacRtUv)anbBa¢ak;BIPaBRtwmRtUv[kan;Etc,as; edayqøúHbBa©aMgBI lkçN³vinicä½yénkarGPivDÆGaCIvkm μ nigehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ enAkñúgtMbn;sikSa. vak_mansar³ sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarrab;bBa©ÚlnUvlMdab;ehdæarcnasm<½n§nanaenAkúñgtMbn;. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIenAkúñg tMbn;sikSa RKYsarnImYy²manTUrTsSn_CaTUeTA bu:Enþ]bkrN_páayrNbeTIbEtmanfμ I dUcenH]bkrN_ páayrNbGacRtUv)andak;cUlbEnßmeTAkúñgbBa¢I. PaBCak;lak;énkRmitsßabnaenAkñúgshKmn_ KWman sar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IeRbobeFobkarERbRbYlnanaenAkñúgshKmn_naqñaMknøgmk ehIyk_dUcCamun nigeRkaykarbegIáttMbn;karBarFmμCatieqñr nigsmuRTpgEdr.

dUcKñaenHEdr karerobcMbBa¢IFnFanén\NTanTaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkarmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; sRmab;tMbn;sikSa dUcCa³ FnaKar EpñkmIRkUhirBaØvtßú smaKmCYyKña karCYyKñaelIR)ak;km©I nigGñkcgkarR)ak;. sRmab;EpñknImYy²enH eyIgRtUvEsVgyl;BIGRtakarR)ak; niglkçN½Ðnanakñúgkar TTYl)an\NTanTaMgenH ¬]Ta> lkçN½Ðkargar RBMEdnénkargareynD½r sßanPaBlMenAsßanGñkx©I nigGñk[eKx©I.l.¦ edayRkumkargar KYrEteFVIkarkt;sMKal;BI\NTanTaMgenH faetIvamanlkçN³ pøÚvkar b¤eRkApøÚvkar.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarKYrEtRbmUlB½t’man[)anCak;lak;bMput nigmanTMnak;TMng eTAnwglkçN³énEpñknImYy²xagelIenH.

B½t’manCak;lak;bEnßmeTot KYrEtRbmUlBIKuNPaBénsuxPaBmnusS. enHKWCakarvas;sÞg;eTA elIsuxPaB nigGaharTUeTArbs;RbCaCn nigKuNPaBénkarrs;enA EdlmankarTak;Tgnwgsm,tþienAkñúg

SocMon S.E. Asia 71

shKmn_. RbsinebIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr )annwgkMBugbegáInCIvPaBrs;enA cMNUl nigsm,tþiTUeTA enA kñúgshKmn_ enaHeyIgGacRsémeXIjfa KuNPaBsuxPaBmnusSkñúgtMbn;enaHnwgmankarekIneLIg. karvas;sÞg;epSg²eTot énKuNPaBsuxPaBmnusS GacRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edayrYmbBa©ÚlGRtasøab;én kumar nigmþay enAkñúgesvakm μsuxPaB nigGRtaqøgCm¶WnanadéTeTot dUcCa³ Cm¶WeGds_CaedIm (HIV/AIDS) .

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) bBa¢IrayeQ μaHehdæarcnasm<½n§Gac)anmkBIkarsegát karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal karkt;Rtakñúg

taragviPaK. ]TahrN_eTAelIlT§plénm©as;eFVIGaCIvkm μ)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragxageRkamenH ³

RbePTGaCIvkm μ RbPB\NTan lMdab;fñak;* m©as;edIm nigTIkEnøg sñak;enArbs;m©as;GaCIvkm μ

lMdab;fñak;*

GñkensaTRtI sRmab;xøÜnÉg¼ RKYsar ¼ FnaKar

12

GñkPUmiCnCatiedImCncMNUlfμIenAkñúgPUmi

1 2

GñkRbmUlTij-lk;RtI Q μ ÜjkNþalFnaKar

12

GñkPUmiCnCatiedImCncMNUlfμIenAeRkAPUmi

1 2

GñknaMeP£óveTscr xøÜnÉg FnaKar

12

eP£óvbreTseP£óvCatikñúgPUmi nigeRkAPUmi eP£óvbreTsmkrs;enAkñúgPUmi

1 2 3

*lMdab;fñak;EdlekItmanCajwkjab;³ RbePTEdlminsUvsMxan; KWRtUvdak;lMdab;elx 1

karviPaKbEnßm³ kareRbobeFobbBa¢IrayeQ μaHehdæarcnasm<½n§naqñaMknøgmk nigkarGFib,ay xøI²edayEp¥keTAelIbBa¢IfμI²énehdæarcnasm<½n§enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa Gac[Rkumkargaryl;dwgBIkarERb RbYlrbs;vaedayrebobNa. kareRbobeFobRbePTm©as;GaCIvkm μ nigkarcat;lMdab;fñak;rbs;va Gac[dwg BIEpñk nigm©as;GaCIvkm μepSg²EdlkMBugdMeNIrkarenAkñúgtMbn;sikSaenaH.


ehdæarcnasm½<n§shKmn_ nigkarGPivDÆGaCIvkm μ mansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;kMNt;BIRTBü sm,tiþenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa ehIyk_dUcCakMNt;BIehtub:HBal;énkarRKb;RKgnanaeTAelIshKmn_kñúgtMbn;

SocMon S.E. Asia 72

sikSa. tamry³kareFVIbBa¢IrayeQμaHsRmab;eFVIkarRtYtBinitü GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjfa etIRTBüsm,tiþEdlmanenAkúñgshKmn_ kMBugEtmankarekIneLIg fycuH b¤enAdEdl. ]TahrN_ karekIneLIgénGaCIvkmμ dUcCa³ haglk;Rbdab;RbdamuCTwk sNæaKar nigePaCnIydæansRmab;eTscr TaMgenHGacCasUcnakrBIkarekIneLIgénkarGPivDÆesdækic©enAkñúgshKmn_. karlM)akenaHKWfaetIP¢¢¢ab; bMlas;bþÚrTAelIKMnitpþÜcepþIménkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñry:agdUcemþc. enAkúñgkrNIxøH vamanTMnak;TMngKña y:agCitsiñT ]TahrN_dUcCa³ km μviFIRKb;RKg)anpþl;TwkeRbIR)as; b¤GagRbRBwtþkmμsMGatTwks¥úy sRmab;shKmn_. enAkúñgtMbn;epSgeTot GñkRKb;RKgeqñrminmansiT§iTTYlxusRtUv eTAelIehdæarcna sm½<n§ enAkúñgshKmn_eLIy.

sRmab;B½t’mansþIBIkareRbIR)as;esvakmμ dUcCa FnaKar TwkkksRmab;GñkensaT nigpøÚvfñl; cak;RkalsRmab;dwkCBa¢Únplitpl Gac[eyIgyl;dwgBIsmtßPaBGñkensaTkñúgkarksagGaCIvkmμ rbs;BYkeK. kñúgeBlCamYyKñaenH B½t’manBIGagRbRBwtþkmμsMGatTwks¥úyGacpþl;nUvkaryl;c,as; BIehtub:HBal; edaykarbgðÚrTwks¥úycUleTAkúñgsmuRT EdlGaceFIV[xUcKuNPaBTwkenAtamtMbn;eqñr. rIÉB½t’mansþIBI pÞHsMNak; sNæaKar nigePaCnIydæan GacCaRbeyaCn_yl;dwg edIm,IkMNt;BIkRmit vis½yeTscrN_TUeTAenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa.

cMeBaHRbPB nigkareRbIR)as;\NTan KWCakarvas;sÞg;TUeTA elIkarTTYl)an\NTanrbs;Gñk Bak;B½n§ nig»kasrbs;GñkBak;B½n§kñúgkarbegáIt nigBRgIkGaCIvkmμrbs;BYkeK. vaKYrEtmanbBa¢Iray eQ μaHBIRbPB\NTanTaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkar dUcCa³FnaKar R)ak;bgVil b¤R)ak;smaKm niglkçxNÐ edIm,ITTYl)an\NTan RBmTaMgkarEsVgyl;BIcMnYnfvikaEdlTTYl)anBIRbPBGñkpþl;\NTansRmab; mYyqñaM².

karEsVgyl;BIkareFVIGaCIvkmμnanaenH nwgCYydl;GñkRKb;RKg bEnßmbnßynUvcMeNHdwg nig skmμPaBkmμviFI sRmab;RbePTm©as;GaCIvkm μepSg²Kña nigCYyCRmuj[BYkeKcUlrYmkan;EtmanRbsiT§ PaBenAkñúgskmμPaBRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. plRbeyaCn_esdækic©BIkareFVIGaCIvkm μ Edl m©as;GaCIvkm μedIm)anbBa¢ak;R)ab; KWCaktþabgðajBIPaBKg;vgSenAkñúgshKmn_ b¤k_plRbeyaCn_ Edl )ansayPayeTAkEnøgd_ETeTot.

CacugeRkayB½t’manGMBIebobdMeNIrkarénTUrs½BÞ GIunFWeNt viTüú TUrTsSn_ nigkaEst manRbeyaCn_edIm,IbegIátkm μviFIGb;rM nigkmμviFIfμ I²EdlRtUvpSBVpSayeTAkúñgshKmn_. yuT§nakarbegáIn cMeNHdwgGacCakarbEnßmbnßy[manlkçN³TUeTAsRmab;karyl;dwgRKb;²Kña.

SocMon S.E. Asia 73

skmμPaBkñúgtMbn;eqñr nigEdnsmuRT (Coastal and Marine Activities)

K14: skmμPaB ¼ ACTIVITIES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

{skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr- smuRT{ KWsMedAelIkaeRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT kñúgtMbn;sikSa. skmμPaBTaMgenH edaypÞal; b¤edayRbeyal b¤k_man\T§iBleTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. ]TahrN_³ skmμPaBensaT ¬karensaTCalkçN³RKYsar b¤lkçN³eFVIBaNiC¢kmμEdlmanTUkGUsFM² nigkarkMsanþ¦ karRbmUlpáaf μ lk;-TijplensaT eTscrN_ kILaelgTwk ¬EhlTwkkMsanþ CiHsÁIelITwk muCTwk nigEhlTwkemIlpáaf μ ¦kardwkCBa¢ÚntamEdnsmuRT ksikmμ karrukrkpáafμ karbUmxSac; karGPivDÆelIeRbg]s½ μn mUldæanT½B karkab;éRBekagkag karkab;éRB ]sSahkmμ nigkarGPirkS.


skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT ensaT

eTscr

varIvb,kmμ

bBa©IeQ μaHRbmUlskmμPaBenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT Gac)ankt;RtabgðajpgEdr enAkñúgTinñn½yEdlman Rsab; nigbBa©IENnaMeFVIsmÖasn_.

eBlxøHskmμPaBenAtamtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWkMNt;eTAtamrdUvkal tamkEnøgepSg² tamem:ag eBl b¤k_enAtamtMbn;q¶aydac;knÞúyEPñk. vacaM)ac;Nas; EdleRbIviFIsaRsþeRcInEbb rYmTaMgkarsegát eTAtameBlevlaxus²Kña smÖasn_eTAtamlMdab;fñak;epSg²CamYyCnbegÁalEdlTak;TgnwgskmμPaB edIm,IFanafa eyIgTTYl)anral;skmμPaBnanaEdlmanenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT kñúgEdnsikSa. karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRTGackMNt;)anenAelIEpnTIéntMbn;sikSa. ]TahrN_ tMbn;sNæaKarGackMNt;edayBN’mYy nigtMbn;muCTwkGackMNt;edayBN’mYyepSgeTot. CaTUeTATinñn½yTaMgLayGacdak;bBa©ÚlenAelIEpnTI b¤erobcM[manlkçN³Cak;lak;. vamansar³

Tinñn½yeTAelIskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr- smuRT KWTTYl)anBICnbegÁal Edlpþl;B½t’manenAmUldæan dUcCa³ RbFanPUmi GñkeFVIGaCIvkmμ GñkensaT Gñklk;-TijplensaT nigGñkpþl;esvakmμeTscrN_ Edl)anTTYl sÁal;skm μPaBnanaTaMgenHkñúgtMbn;sikSa. karsegát KWk_RtUv)aneRbIpgEdr edIm,IkMNt;skmμPaBeRbIR)as;kñúgtMbn;sikSa.

SocMon S.E. Asia 74

sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarkMNt;skmμPaBtamrdUvkal nigmanPaBCak;lak; dUcCakarensaT nigeTscrN_ GacmankarERbRbYlkñúgmYyqñaM².

Rkumkargark_GacsYrBIskmμPaBensaTxusc,ab; dUcCa karlYcensaTxusc,ab;. edayB½t’man enHmankarlM)akkñúgkarRbmUlBIGñkpþl;B½t’man dUecñHcaM)ac;Nas;EdlRkumkargarRtUvxitxMTTYlyk B½t’manenHtamry³Gñkpþl;smÖasn_TaMgenaH ehIym:üageTotk_RtUvsegátBIskmμPaBelμIsc,ab;enA tMbn;sikSaenHpgEdr.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) KYrkt;sMKal;fa Tinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁalepSgKña RtUvkt;RtaeTAkúñgtaragrayeQμaH

Tinñn½y Edl)anbgðajenAkñúgbBa©IeFVIsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;. karviPaKbEnßm³ ral;bBa¢IeQ μaHskm μPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRTsMxan;²enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa KYEt erobcMBN’naxøI²bEnßmeTot.


kareFVIGtþsBaØaNBIskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT nwgpþl;[GñkRKb;RKgyl;dwg BIskmμPaBeRbI R)as;epSg²eTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT rYmTaMgskþanuBlénkarbgáCemøaHenAkúñgtMbn;sikSapgEdr. ]TahrN_ karbeBa©jsMNl;TwksMGuycUleTAkñúgsmuRT GaceFVI[manskþanuBlTMnas;CamYyEpñk eTscrN_. GñkeFVIvarIvb,kmμGacmanCemøaHCamYyGñkensaTRKYsartameqñrsmuRT. karbegáInkaryl; dwgelIskmμPaBeRbIR)as;FnFanenAtamtMbn;eqñr-smuRT Gac[shKmn_cUlrYmseRmccitþRKb;RKg RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB CaBiessenAeBlEdlTMnas;rvagGñkeRbIR)as;)anekIteLIg.

K15: TMnij nigesvakmμ ¼ GOODS AND SERVICES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

TMnij nigesvakmμkñúgtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWCaplitplCak;lak;EdlplitecjBIskmμPaBnana kñúgtMbn;eqñr-smuRT. TMnij nigesvakm μEdlplit)anTaMgenHman³plitplecjBI bgág eQIekagkag nigpáafμ nigvalxSac; ehIyTMnijnigesvakmμEdlminplit)an rYmman³ karmuCTwkkMsanþ nigeRbI ]bkrN_muCTwk dMeNIrkMsanþemIl)atsmuRT dMeNIrkMsanþenAéRBekagkag nigkarsÞÚcRtIlMEh.

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sRmab;skmμPaBenAtamtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy² CnbegÁalGacRtUv)ansYredIm,I[BYkeKkMNt; GMBITMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRTEdl)anplit. ]TahrN_ sRmab;vis½yeTscrN_ rYmman sNæaKar nigkarRmuCTwk. bBa¢ITMnij nigesvakm μ KW)ancgRkgnUvral;skmμPaBnImYy² Edl)an kt;Rta nigBnül;enAkúñgeKalkarN_eFIVsmÖasn_CamYyCnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;.

ebITMnij nigesvakm μenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRTxøH ekIteLIgtamrdUvkal eBlevla b¤enAtamtMbn; q¶aydac;knÞúyEpñk vacaM)ac;Nas;eRbIBhuviFIsaRsþ edayrYmman³ karsegáteTAelIeBlevlaxus²Kña eFIVkarsmÖasn_eTAtamlMdab;énCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’manBak;B½n§ edIm,IFanafa ral;B½t’mansþIBITMnij nig esvakmμ enAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT RtUv)ankt;RtabBa©ÜlTaMgGs;.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) segçbTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁalpþl;B½t’manepSg²Kña nigkareFVIsegát ehIykt;Rta cUlkúñgtarag Edl)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragviPaKénkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;.

karviPaKbEnßm³ karbEnßmB½t’maneTAelITinñn½ymUldæankñúgtaragxagelIvacaM)ac;Nas; edayeFVI GFib,ayxIø²BITMnij nigesvakmμkmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT Edl)anplitenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa nigkaryl; eXIjepSg²Kñarbs;RbCaCncMeBaHTMnij nigesvakmμTaMgenaH.

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT

TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRT

karensaT bgágsmuRTRtItukEkRtIs<úg mwk

eTscrN_ sNæaKarkarmuCTwkkMsanþ

varIvb,kmμ gavsmuRTsaraysmuRT

Tinñn½ysIþBITMnijnigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRT Gac rk)anedaykarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal EdlTak;TgeTAnwg skmμPaBTaMgenaH ¬dUcCa³ GñkensaTry³eBlEvg RbFansmaKmRKb;RKgsNæaKar GñkeFVIGaCIvkmμTUk eTscrN_muCTwkry³eBlEvg k¾dUcCaGñkpþl;smÖasn_ nanadéTeTotEdldwgBIskm μPaBepSg² ¬dUcCamRnIþ rdæaPi)al¦. vacaM)ac;pgEdr edayeFVIkarsegát skmμPaBCak;EsþgenAkñúgtMbn;sikSaCaPsþútag nig RtYtBinitü[)anc,as;las; eTAelIB½t’manEdl)anmk BIkarsmÖasn_.

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B½t’manGMBITMnij nigesvakm μénRKYsarnImYy²enAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT mansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IkMNt;GtþsBaØaNral;karb:HBal;nanadl;karRKb;RKg CaBiessTIpSar nigplitpl sRmab; RKYsarnImYy² enAtamtMbn;sikSa. karvas;sÞg;lT§plénkarRKb;RKg RbEhlCaGacCYy[mankar pøas;bþÚr cMeBaHTMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT Edl)anplitenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa CamYykarb:HBal; TaMgviC¢man nigGviC¢man eTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;FnFanenAtamRKYsarnImYy². ]TahrN_ RbsinebItMbn; karBarFmμCatismuRT )anbegáIneP£óveTscr enaHeyIgGacrMBwgTukfa témøEdl)anBIkarnaMeP£ov kMsanþmuCTwknwgmankarekIneLIg ehIysmaCikkñúgRKYsarshKmn_R)akdCanaMKñapøas;bþÚr b¤BRgIkrbr bEnßm edaynaMKñamkRbkbmuxrbrnaMeP£ovmuCTwkkMsanþvijCaminxan.

K16: RbePTénkareRbIR)as; ¼ TYPE OF USE etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) RbePTénkareRbIR)as; KWsMedAelIRbePTskmμPaB nigviFIICak;lak; ¬dUcCa³ pÞHsMNak;

karEhlTwkkMsanþ karmuCTwk¦ b¤k_]bkrN_rkcMNUl ¬dUcCa lb mg TUk snÞÚc¦ sRmab;TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy².


Tinñn½yBIRbePTénviFIsaRsþeRbIR)as; Gac)anmkBI karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal EdltMNag[RkumédKUBak; B½n§xus²Kña ¬dUcCa RbFansmaKmn_GñkensaT Gñk RKb;RKgGaCIvkmμbUmxSac;yUrCageK¦. bEnßmBIenH vamanPaBcaM)ac; edayeFVIkarBinitüB½t’manTaMgenH eLIgvij edaykaredIrsegátCuMvijshKmn_ Ca Biess kEnøgEdlmanskm μPaBepSg²Kña.

sMnYrKnøwHedIm,IsYrenaHKW etIviFIsaRsþGVIEdleK)aneRbIsRmab;TMnij nigesvakmμnImYy². ]TahrN_ sRmab;TMnijTak;TgnwgplensaT ¬RtItukEk RKM bgÁa-bgág¦ Gñkpþl;cemøIyKYrR)ab;GMBI ]bkrN_cab; dUcCa lb mg snÞÚc sñr b¤GYn. sRmab;esvakmμsNæaKar EdlsißtenAeRkamvis½y

skmμPaB tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

TMnij nigesvakmμ tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

viFIsaRsþeRbI¬bzm¦

ensaT bgÁa-bgÁg lb RtItukEk sÞÚceTscrN_ sNæaKar bnÞb;tUc²

¬1-7bnÞb;¦ karmuCTwkkMsanþ Rbdab;muCTwkvarIvb,kmμ xüg rngExS

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eTscrN_ cemøIyGacmanCalMdab;pÞHsMNak;man ¬1-7bnÞb;¦ rhUtdl;sNæaKarxñattUcman ¬5-50bnÞb;¦ eTAsNæaKar b¤kEnøgkMsanþ ¬eRcInCag50 bnÞb;¦. sRmab;varIvb,kmμ cemøIyGacmanRtBaMg RbLay b¤RTug. sRmab;kareFVIBaNiC©km μelImuxTMnijplensaT cemøIyGacR)ab;BIkarepÞrplitpl BIQ μ Üjmñak;eTAQ μÜjmñak;eTot tammeFüa)ay Erk-Bun b¤dwktameTacRkyan b¤k_eRbIrfynþdwkCBa¢Ún sRmab;EckcaykñúgRbeTs. sRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRT cemøIyGacTak;TgeTAnwgkarBRgIkkMBg; Ep karelIk-dak;TMnijtamkMBg;Ep nigdMeNIrkMsanþtamnava. TaMgenHRKan;EtCa]TahrN_xøH² edIm,I bgðajEtb:ueNÑaH. EteTaHCay:agNak_eday RkumkargarRtUvbegIátRbePTcemøIyEdlmanskþanuBl eTAtamtMbn;rbs;va. ]TahrN_ RbsinebICamanEtsNæaKarFMEtmYyb:ueNÑaHkñúgtMbn;sikSa enaH RkumkargarGacseRmccitþeTAelIRbePTcemøIy EdlmankarTak;TineTAnwgesvakm μsNæaKar. lT§pl B½t’man RtUv)ankt;Rta nigbgðajenAkúñgtaragKMrUénkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ sRmab;RbePTénkareRbIR)as;TaMgenH RkumkargarGacsYrBIkRmitén kareRbIR)as; dUcCacMnYnlb nigrngsnÞÚc ehIycMnYnTaMgenH Gac[RkumkargareFVIkareRbobeFob BIry³eBlmYyeTAry³eBlmYyeTot edIm,IEsVgyl;BIkarekIneLIg fycuH b¤enAefr énkareRbIR)as;.

sRmab;Tinñn½ykarensaT RkumkargarGacbEnßmkUeLanepSg²eTotkñúgtarag edIm,IkMNt; RbePTClpl edayEp¥keTAelIRbePTdUcteTA³

• kRmitx<s; (Large Scale)³ man\Ti§Bl vinieyaKkRmitx<s; eRbIeRKOgynþ ]bkrN_plit ]bkrN_eGLicRtUnic eRbIkMlaMgBlkm μkargareRcIn plitplvaGaceXIjenAelITIpSar GnþrCati nigkarensaTeFVIenAtamtMbn;q¶ay².

• ]sSahkmμ (Industrials)³ man\Ti§Bl vinieyaKkRmitx<s; eRbIeRKOgynþ]bkrN_plit ]bkrN_eGLicRtUnic eRbIkMlaMgBlkm μkargareRcIn plitplvaGaceXIjenAelITIpSar GnþrCati nigkarensaTeFVIenAtamEdnsmuRTesdækic©pþac;muxrbs;RbeTs.

• kRmitTab (Small Scale)³ eRbI TUktUc² ma:suIntUc² EpñkplitmYyEpñk b¤TaMgmUl eRbI edaym:asuIn eRbIkMlaMgBlkmμkargarBak;kNþalem:ag b¤eBjem:ag eRbIedaym:asuIn nig Bak;kNþalsV½yRbvtþi beRmITIpSarfñak;CatinigmUldæan nigtMbn;GaCIvkm μensaT enAEk,r RcaMg-eqñrsmuRT.

• sib,kmμ (Artisanal)³ eRbI TUktUc² ma:suIntUc² EpñkplitmYyEpñk b¤TaMgmUl eRbI edaym:asuIn eRbIkMlaMgBlkmμkargarBak;kNþalem:ag b¤eBjem:ag eRbIedaym:asuIn nig

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Bak;kNþalsV½yRbvtþi beRmITIpSarfñak;mUldæan nigtMbn;GaCIvkmμensaT enAEk,rRcaMg-eqñr smuRT.

• sRmab;karciBa©wmCIvit (Subsistence)³ eFVIGaCIvkm μEtÉg RkumRKYsar b¤shKmn_ eFVIkargar Bak;kNþalem:ag eRbITUktUc² minsUvman\Ti§Bl mineRbIeRKOgm:asuInsRmab;GaCIvkmμensaT sRmab;beRmICIvPaBrs;enAkñúgRKYsar kareFVIGaCIvkmμensaTenAtamEdnTwktMbn;eqñr.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigkarsegát tamry³bBa¢IrayeQ μaHRbePT

énsMPar³eRbIR)as;nanaEdlmanenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa. kt;RtaB½t’manTaMgenH eTAkúñgtarageFVIviPaKkar smÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI.

karviPaKbEnßm³ eFIVkareRbobeFoblT§pl edIm,IkMNt;BIviFIeRbIR)as;sMPar³ Edl)anpøas;bþÚr BIry³eBlmYyeTAry³eBlmYyeTot. eRbobeFobRbePTsMPar³eRbIR)as;Edl)anpøas;bþÚr eTAtam bERmbRmYllkçxNÐFnFan kRmitcab; nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; ¬K23¦ edIm,IBinitüemIlBIviFIeRbIR)as; nig TMnak;TMngCamYylkçxNÐénkarb:HBal;nana.


B½t’manBIviFIsaRsþeRbIR)as; mansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IkMNt;BIkarKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFn FantMbn;eqñr-smuRT dUcCa karensaTedayeRbIR)as;RKab;Ebk b¤karkab;éRBekagkag. tamry³kar RtYtBinitüB½t’mannaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjfa etIman\T§iBlRKb;RKgGVIxøH eTAelIviFI eRbIR)as;sMPar³TaMgenH. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIkñúgtMbn;sikSaenaHmankmμviFIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr dUcCa kmμviFIpSBVpSayBIkardaMedImekagkageLIgvij bu:Enþkarkab;edImekagkagenAEtbnþ enaHmann½yfa kmμviFIenH minTan;manRbsiT§PaBelIkarTb;sáat;edImekagkageLIy. dUcenHB½t’manénkarsikSa k_Gac CYykMNt;RbsiTiPaBrbs;km μviFIRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrpgEdr. karyl;dwgBIviFIsaRsþeRbIsMPar³EdlkMBugekItmanenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa KWmansar³sMxan;pgEdr edIm,IeFIV[kan;EtRbesIreLIgnUvkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ nigkmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwgenAkúñgkarRKb;RKg tMbn;eqñr. GñkRKb;RKgk_RtUvyl;dwgpgEdr BITMnak;TMngrbs;RbCaCnCamYynwgkareRbIR)as;FnFan edIm,IgayRsYleFIVkarCamYyBYkeKelIkarKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFnFanTaMgenaH.

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B½t’manTaMgenH k_GacCYyGñkBak;B½n§pgEdr kñúgkarbegáInkaryl;dwg[kan;EtTUlMTUlayBI sar³RbeyaCn_énkareRbIviFIsaRsþnanakñúgtMbn;sikSa ehIyk_CYykat;bnßyCemøaHpgEdr tamry³kar EsVgyl;BImUlehtu énTMhMbBaðaEdl)anekIteLIg. ]TahrN_ CemøaHelIkareRbI]bkrN_ensaTCak; lak; GacedaHRsay)anedayGñkBak;B½n§xøÜnÉg b¤k_GacCYypþl;eyabl;[GñkRKb;RKg faetIKYredaH RsayedayrebobNaenAkñúgtMbn;CemøaHenH.

K17: témøTMnij nigesvakm μ ¼ VALUE OF GOODS AND SERVICES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

témøTMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWCatémørUbiyvtßúrbs;plitplnImYy²enAelITIpSar.


Tinñn½ysþIBItémøTMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KW)anmkedaykareFVIsmÖasn_CnbegÁalenAkúñgtMbn;

sikSa dUcCa³ GñkensaT GñkTijplensaT Q μ Üj GaCIvkmμ GñkRKb;RKgsNæaKar nigGaCIvkmμ muCTwkkMsanþ. BYkeKRtUv)ansYrGMBIkarkMNt;témø ¬x<s; mFüm Tab¦ eTAelIplitplrbs;TMnij

nigesvakmμenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy². témø x<s; mFüm Tab eTAelITMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr GacRtUvkMNt;c,as;las;BIRkumkargarenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa edIm,IFanafavasIuKñanwgB½t’man EdlTTYl)an BIGñkpþl;B½t’man. ]TahrN_ témøx<s;Gacdak;eTAelI bgÁa-bgágsmuRT edaysarEtmantRmUvkarx<s; TaMgenATIpSarkñúgRsuk nigTIpSarGnþrCati edaymankarcMNayrUbiyb½NÑvtßúx<s;. témømFüm Gac dak;eTAelIkarGPivDÆsNæaKar RbsinebImanEtcMnYnbnÞb;tictYcb:ueNÑaHenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa. témøTab Gacdak;eTAelItMbn;EdledImekagkagRtUv)ankab;bMpøaj edaysarEtminGacCYy[manstVsøabeRcIn CaehtueFIV[manskþanuBlTabxagEpñkeGkUeTscrN_. B½t’manTaMgenH KW)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragviPaK BIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarKYrEtsYrBItémøTMnij nigesvakmμsMxan;² ehIytémøEdl ERbRbYleTAtamrdUvkalKYrEtykmkBicarNapgEdr. Rkumkargark_RtUvkt;RtapgEdr BImFümPaKén témøplitplsMxan;²EdlmantamrdUvkalnImYy² ehIylT§plRtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgtaragsikSa.


TMnij nigesvakm μ tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

témøTMnij nig esvakmμ

ensaT bgÁa-bgÁg x<s; RtItukEk x<s;eTscrN_ sNæaKar mFüm karmuCTwkkMsanþ TabvarIvb,kmμ xüg mFüm

SocMon S.E. Asia 80

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁalepSg²Kña ehIykt;RtaTinñn½yTaMgenHeTAkñúgtaragviPaK

karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;dUc)anbgðajxagelI. rIÉniymn½yBI kRmitx<s; mFüm nigTab KYrEteFVIkarkt;sMKal;.

karviPaKbEnßm³ karGFib,ayxøI²BItémøTMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRTmansar³sMxan;.


témøTMnij nigesvakm μrbs;tMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWmansar³RbeyaCn_kñúgkarkMNt;ehtub:HBal;nana énkarRKb;RKgeTAelIshKmn_kúñgtMbn;sikSa rYmmankarciBa©wmCIvit TIpSar plitkm μ nigsniþsuxes,óg. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIGaC£aFrRKb;RKgbegáInkarKaMRTdl;plitplBIkareFVIvarIvb,kmμ enaHeKGacemIl eXIjfa plitplmankarekIneLIg ehIytRmUvkark_dUecñaHEdr.

témøTMnij nigesvakmμrbs;tMbn;eqñr-smuRT k_)anbgðajpgEdr BIsar³sMxan;énkarRKb;RKgenA kñúgtMbn;eTAelInirnþPaBénkareRbIR)as;FnFan. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIesvakmμEhlTwkemIlpáaf μ )annaM cMnYneP£óveTscrN_breTskan;EteRcIn CamYynwgkarekIntémø bnÞb;sñak;enA ePaCnIydæan nigesvakmμ naMeP£óv ehtuenHGñkRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrKYrEterobcMcat;viFankarRKb;RKg[manRbsiT§PaB edIm,IFananUv nirnþrPaBpáafμ nigFnFanClpl EdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;enaH. pÞúymkvij ebIpáaf μ nigFnFanClpl TaMgenHrgedaykareRbIR)as;eRKOgpÞúHbMpøaj témøesvakm μemIlpáaf μk_RtUvcuHexSay ehIyGñkRKb;RKg k_mankarlM)akpgEdr edIm,IbgðajBIsar³RbeyaCn_énpáafμ.

témøTMnij nigesvakm μrbs;tMbn;eqñr-smuRT k_)ankMNt;pgEdr BIsar³sMxan;énFnFan Edlsßit eRkamsm<aFeRbIR)as; nigCaBiessCYybgðaj[GñkRKb;RKgTaMgLayykcitþTukdak;. témø KWCakar vas;sÞg;BIsar³sMxan;énTMnak;TMngrbs;plitpl. ebImnusScab;Garm μN_[témøeTAelIplitplNa mYyenaH sm<aFTajykRbeyaCn_BIpliplenaHk_manTMhMFMeFgEdr. ]TahrN_ enAeBltémøRtIekIn x<s; GñkRKb;RKgKYrRbugRby½tñeTAelItRmUvx<s;BIskmμPaBensaT EtebItémøRtIFøak;Tabvij Gñk RKb;RKgKYrRbugRbytñ½eTAelIbBðaaBiessNamYyvij. témøTMnij nigesvakmμrbs;tMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWmansar³sMxan;pgEdrkñúgkaryl;dwgBIkRmitR)ak; nigsuxmalPaBrbs;RKYsarshKmn_. ]TahrN_

SocMon S.E. Asia 81

RbsinebItémøplitplERbRbYlBIx<s;mkTab enaHkarfycuHR)ak;cMNUl nigsuxmalPaB KYrEtRtUv ykcitþTukdak;.

K18: eKaledATIpSarénesvakmμnigTMnij ¼ TARGET MARKETS OF GOODS AND SERVICES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) eKaledATIpSarénesvakmμ nigTMnij mann½yfa KWCakareFVIGtþsBaØaNelItRmUvkarTIpSaredIm én

plitplnImYy².


Tinñn½ysþIBIeKaledATIpSarénTMnij nigesvakmμ enAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWRbmUl)anmkedaykareFVI smÖasn_CnbegÁalenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa dUcCa³ Gñk ensaT GñkTijplensaT GñkRKb;RKgsNæaKar nigGñkeFVIGaCIvkmμmuCTwkkMsanþ. GñkTaMgenHGac pþl;B½t’man elITIpSaredIm sRmab;esvakmμ nig

TMnijenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy². B½t’manGMBITIpSaredIm KWRtUv)anbgðajedayCnbegÁalpþl;bT smÖasn_ eTAelIkarlk;TMnij nigesvakmμTaMgenaH ¬kñúgmUldæan kñúgtMbn; kñúgRsuk b¤eRkARbeTs¦. B½t’manTaMgenH KW)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragviPaK BIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc )anbgðajxagelI.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ Gñkpþl;B½t’mansMxan;² k_RtUv)ansYrpgEdr BIbBa¢ITIpSarsRmab; TMnij nigesvakmμnImYy² edayeFVIcMNat;fñak;BIsar³sMxan;énTIpSarTaMgenaH ehIyvamansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; cMeBaHkaryl;dwgBIcMNat;fñak;TIpSarTaMgenaH. bEnßmBIenH RkumkargarKYrEsVgyl;bEnßmGMBIynþkar énTIpSarTaMgenH eTAelITMnij nigesvakmμ Edl)anplit ¬dUcCa RtIRtUv)anlk;LayLúg b¤k_témøva kMNt;edaysmaKmGñkensaT¦.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁalepSg²Kña ehIykt;RtaTinñn½yTaMgenHeTAkñúgtaragviPaK

karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;dUc)anbgðajxagelI.



eKaledATIpSarTMnij nigesvakm μ

ensaT bgÁa-bgÁg eRkARbeTs RtItukEk kñúgtMbn;eTscrN_ sNæaKar eRkARbeTs karmuCTwkkMsanþ eRkARbeTsvarIvb,kmμ xüg kñúgRsuk

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karviPaKbEnßm³ vamansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr eTAelIkarGFib,ayxøI²BITIpSarTMnij nigesvakm μ nImYy² dUctaragxagelI. karKUslMhUrdüaRkam KWGacbgðajc,as;BITMnak;TMng éneKaledATIpSar cMeBaHTMnij nigesvakmμ.


B½t’manBIeKaledATIpSar KWmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkMNt;plb:HBal;TUeTAénkarRKb;RKg cMeBaHshKmn_ Biess TIpSar plitpl nigsnþisuxes,óg. ]TahrN_ karvinieyaKelIehdæarcna sm<½n§enAkñúgshKmn_ dUcCa³ pøÚvfñl; rhUtdl;\NTanepSg² GacCalT§plEdlnaM[BYkeKman»kas eRbIR)as;TIpSar kñúgRsuk kñúgtMbn; nigeRkARbeTs.

edaykarciBa©wmCIvit nigkarrkR)ak;cMNUlrbs;RbCaCnpSarP¢ab;eTAnwgTIpSar dUcenHkarerobcM pSarsRmab;plensaT KWvamansar³sMxan;Nas; Edlpþl;TIpSarc,as;las;sRmab;karlk;plitpl BIkareFVIvarIvb,kmμ. lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH GacCYyviPaKénkarpøas;bþÚrknøgmkenAkñúgTIpSarplipl ClplsMxan;². vak_GacbgðajpgEdr BITMnak;TMngénGñkplitkñúgRsuk nigQ μ ÜjTij-lk; sRmab; TIpSarnana. ]TahrN_ TMnak;TMngsRmab;tRmUvkarTIpSareRkARbeTs Gacman\T§iBlmkelIkar ensaTenAmUldæan.

B½t’maneKaledATIpSar k¾GacbBa©ak;R)ab;pgEdrfa etImansm<aFGVIxøHeRbImkelIFnFan. ]TahrN_ GñkensaTGacbegáInkarensaTrbs;xøÜn edIm,ITTYl)antémøx<s; sRmab;lk;[TIpSareRkA RbeTs. vak¾)anbBa¢ak;bgðajpgEdr BIPaBERbRbYlknøgmksRmab;plitplvarIvb,kmμ. \T§iBlén viFanRKb;RKgGacvaytémøtamry³karERbRbYlenAkñúgTIpSar. ]TahrN_ viFanRKb;RKgGacCa lT§plCYy[manplitplRtIeRcIn nigmantémøx<s;sRmab;tMbn; nignaMecjpÁt;pÁg;TIpSarkñúgRsuk nig kñúgtMbn;Citxag.

karyl;dwgBITMnak;TMngTIpSarepSg² nwgCYy[GñkBak;B½n§yl;dwgkan;Etc,as;BI»kaspøas;bþÚr GaCIvkm μrbs;BYkeK.

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K19-22: cMeNHdwgmUldæan KMrUénkareRbIR)as; skmμPaBmYykEnøg nigtamrdUvkal ¼ TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, USE PATTERNS, ACTIVITY LOCATION, SEASONALITY etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

cMeNHdwgmUldæan KWsMedAeTAelIcMeNHdwgCalkçN³RbéBNIelIRbB½n§brisßan Edl)ankMNt; edayshKmn_ ehIyEdlKMrUeRbIR)as;TaMgenH sMedAelIskmμPaBnanatamtMbn;eqñrTaMgenAmYykEnøg tamrdUvkal nigeBlevla.

skmμPaBenA tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRT

viFIeRbIR)as;¬bzm¦

enAmYykEnøg tameBlevla tamrdUvkal

karensaT bgág-bgÁasmuRT lb QUgsmuRT Twknac ral;rdUv RtItukEk snÞÚc f μb:RbHTwk Twknac rdUv 1 mwk sñr f μb:RbHTwk TwknacxøaMg ral;rdUv

eTscrN_ sNaæaKar pÞHsMNak;

¬1-7bnÞb;¦ tammat;eqñr

rdUv 2

karmuCTwkkMsanþ ]bkrN_muCTwk f μb:RbHTwk Twknac rdUv 2varIvb,kmμ gavsmuRT snÞÚc QUgsmuRT


Tinñn½yGMBIKMrUénkareRbIR)as; CabzmGacRbmUl)anBIRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUcCa³ kariyal½y kñúgshKmn_ nigXMu-Rsuk EdlGacmanEpnTIkt;RtaBITItaMgskmμPaBnanaekItmanenAkñúgtMbn; ¬dUcCa³ EpnTIEbgEcktMbn; EdlsmÁal;BItMbn;ksikmμ b¤karsikSaBIClplEdlmanÉksarBIIGaCIvkm μensaT kñúgtMbn;¦. bnÞab;mk Tinñn½y)anmkBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁalsMxan;² EdltMNag[skm μPaBnana ¬dUcCa³ GñkCMnajensaT GñkRbmUlplensaT Gñkcab;mwk mCÄmNÐlmuCTwk nigm©as;tMbn;kMsanþ¦. bec©keTserobcMEpnTIedaymankarcUlrYm KYrEtRtUv)anykmkeRbI ¬emIlbEnßmkñúgeKalkarN_ GCRMN CMBUkTI3³ karRbmUlTinñn½yenAmUldæan nigbec©keTseRbIckçúviBaØaN nigEpnTI¦. cugeRkay karsegátKWRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IkMNt; nigbBa¢ak;BIKMrUénkareRbIR)as;.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarGaceRbIviFancUlrYm edIm,Ikt;RtaTItaMgmanskmμPaBnana edayEp¥kelIIEpnTIeKal nigeRbIR)as;eQμaHkñúgmUldæan. eFVIdUcenH GacTTYYl)anB½t’mankan;EteRcIn GMBITItaMg CaCagkarkt;RtaBI QUg b¤k¾ páafμ. Rkumkargark_RtUvsYrpgEdr GMBIkarpøas;bþÚrelIKMrUeRbIR)as; nana nigmUlehturbs;va naqñaMknøgmk.

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B½t’manTaMgenH KWRtUv)anRbmUleTAelI skmμPaBnImYy² eTAtam TItaMg nigeBlevla¼rdUvkal EdlGaRs½yelITMnij nigesvakm μ dUc)anbgðajkñúgtaragxagelI. RbtiTinrdUvkal GacRtUv)anerobcM edaykareFVIsmÖasn_ ehIyvaGacCYyTaMgRkumkargar nigGñkpþl;B½t’man [yl;dwgBIB½t’manrYmKña. kñúgRbGb;TI 1 nigTI2 xageRkam bgðajBIEpnTIskmμPaBFnFan nigRbtiTinrdUvkal Edl)anerobcM edayGñkeRbIR)as;FnFanCalkçN³RbéBNI enAekaH mInIxUy énRbeTs\NÐa.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) B½t’mansþIBIkarkMNt;skmμPaBTItaMg GacRbmUl)anBICnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_ nigRbPBTinñn½y

EdlmanRsab; nigmandak;bgðajenAkñúgtaragviPaKTinñn½y. RbtiTinrdUvkal nigkarKUsEpnTI skmμPaBelIFnFan )anbgðajy:agc,as;edayGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan BIKMrUénkareRbIR)as;FnFan TaMgenaH. ]TahrN_ EpnTIskmμPaBFnFan nigdüaRkamrdUvkal )anerobcMedayeFVIkarBiPakSaKña CamYyGñkeRbIR)as;FnFanénekaH mInIxUy RbeTs\NÐa EdlmanenAkñúgRbGb;TI 1 nigTI2.

RbGb;TI1 EpnTIskmμPaBFnFan enAekaHmInIxUy RbeTs\NÐa

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RbGb;TI2³ RbtiTinrdUvkalsRmab;skmμPaBensaTTak;TinnwgtMbn;páafμenAekaHmInIxUy enARbeTs\NÐa

lkçxNÐGakasFatu xül;BüúH rdUvePøóg rdUvs¶b; rdUvekþAskmμPaB ]sPa mifuna kkáda sIha kBaØa tula vicäika FñÚ mkra kumÖ³ mIna emsa

karRbmUlBBYk saraysmuRT

♀♀♂♀♂♀♂♀♂♀♂♀♂♂♀♀♂♀♀♂♀♂♀♂♀♀♂♀♀♂♀♀

karRbmUlpÞaMgfμ FM²BIsmuRT

♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂

RbmUlRKYstUc² nig xSac;

♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂

karensaTRtImwk ♂♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂

kardak;mg nigsMNaj;

♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂ ♂♂♂♂♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂

kareRbIsMNaj; GYnGUsFM²

♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂

karensaTeday snÞÚctammat;eqñr

♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂

karensaTeday eRbITUksÞÚc

♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂ ♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂

ensaTkþam nig bgÁa bgÁg

♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂

ciBa©wmxügeday begÁal nigExS

♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂

karmuCTwkkMsanþ emIlpáaf μ nigRtI

♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀

RbPB ³ BiPakSaCaRkum²CamYyGñkBak;B½n§/ Ex FñÚ 2002 nig Ex ]sPa 2003 karviPaKTinñn½ybEnßm³ tamry³karebobeFobTItaMgénskmμPaBepSg² RkumkargarGackMNt;

tMbn;EdlRtYtsIuKña nigskþanuBlTMnas;. kareRbobeFobTItaMgknøgmk Gac[RkumkargaremIleXIjfa etIKMrUeRbIR)as;)annwgkMBugERbRbYledayrebobNa. eFVIkarGFib,ayxIø²GMBIskm μPaB TItaMgrbs;va nigfaetIvamankarERbRbYlnaeBlknøgmky:agdUcemþc.

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dUcKñaeTAnwgRbePTénkareRbIR)as;Edr ¬K16¦ B½t’manGMBIKMrUénkareRbIR)as;mansar³RbeyaCn_ edIm,IkMNt;BIkarKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. edaymankaryl;dwgBITItaMg skmμPaB GñkRKb;RKgGacbBa¢ak;)ankan;EtRbesIreLIgGMBIehtub:HBal;. ]TahrN_ RbsinebImankarGPivDÆ sNæaKarkMBugEtekIteLIgenAtMbn;Ek,rpáafμ enaHvamanskþanuBlb:HBal;elItMbn;páafμ EdlbNþal mkBITwkl¥k; nigkarbgðÚrTwksMGuycUltMbn;TaMgenaH. TMhMrbs;tMbn;k¾GackMNt;pgEdr BIkRmiténkar b:HBal;. CaBiess vamansar³sMxan;Nas;EdlB½t’manecjBIRbePTénkareRbIR)as; ¬K16¦ nwg)an pþl;cMeNHdwgBIskmμPaBEdlkMBugEtekIneLIgenAkúñgtMbn;. edaymankarRtYtBinitüB½t’manTaMgenHnaqñaMknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjpgEdr Edl karRKb;RKgGacmankarekIteLIgeTAelIskmμPaBTaMgenH. ]TahrN_ ebIsinkm μviFIRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr eFVIyuT§nakardaMedImekagkageLIgvij b:uEnþkarkab;éRBekagkagenAEtbnþ nigmanenAkñúgbBa¢IskmμPaB enaHGñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjy:agc,as;GMBITMhMtMbn; nigBinitü)ankan;Etc,as;fa vamankarekIneLIg fycuH b¤k¾enAdEdl ebIeRbobeFobnwgqñaMmun²mk. EtebIsinmankarFøak;cuHenaH kmμviFIKYrEterobcM[ man\Ti§BlCaviC¢manxøHeLIg ehIyB½t’manenHk_GacCYybBa¢ak;GMBIRbsiTiPaBrbs;kmμviFIRKb;RKgtMbn; eqñrpgEdr. CacugeRkay edaymankarKUrEpnTIGMBIKMrUénkareRbIR)as; GñkRKb;RKgGacyl;kan;Etc,as; GMBIbBaða BiessCemøaHEdlGacb:HBal;eRcIneTAelIFnFan nigkareRbIR)as;RtYtsuIKñakñúgcMeNamRkum édKUBak;B½n§. eFVIdUcenHvaGacCYybBa¢ak;BIkarvas;sÞg; dUcCatMbn;kMBugmanskmμPaB EdlmanenAkñúg tMbn;sikSaenH.

karyl;dwgkan;Etc,as;BIKMrUeRbIR)as;FnFan niglkçN³sm,tþieRbIR)as;kñúgtMbn; GñkBak;B½n§nwg Gacyl;)ankan;EtRbesIr elIehtub:HBal;nana ehIyBYkeKk_Gacyl;BIbrisßan nigbBa©½ynanasRmab; GaCIvkm μrbs;BYkeKeTAGnaKt. m:üageTot GñkBak;B½n§k_GaccUlrYmRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBpgEdr eTAelIkarseRmccitþRKb;RKg nigtMbn;Edlgayrgplb:HBal;.

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K23: kRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; ¼ LEVELS AND TYPES OF IMPACT etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) kRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; KWRtUv)anvas;sÞg;eTAelITsSn³epSgKñaénsaFarN³CnTUeTA

nigRbePTénkarb:HBal;rbs;kmμPaBmaneTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. enHKWminEmnCakarvaytémø EbbviTüasaRsþelIkRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal;enaHeT bu:EnþvaCakarRbmUlB½t’manEdlyl;eXIj edayRbCaCn.


Tinñn½yRbmUl)anedaykarsmÖasn_CamYyCnbegÁal b¤k_RkumeKaledA dUcCa³ RbFanshKmn_ mRnþIraCkar GñkPUmicas;²enAkñúgshKmn_yUrCageK nigGñktMNagdéTeTotEdlyl;dwgBIsßanPaB TUeTAenAkñúgshKmn_.

karsaksYrCnbegÁal GackMNt;BITMhMénkareRbIR)as; mancMnYneRcIn¼mFüm¼tic¼b¤k¾K μan kRmitb:HBal;énskmμPaBkñúgtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy² GaRs½yeTAelITMnij nigesvakm μTaMgenaH. enAeBlEdlRkumkargarcg;eFVIbc©úb,nñPaBB½t’mankñúgtMbn;sikSanImYy² ehIyebImankarb:HBal;xøaMg enaHmann½yfa FnFanTTYlrgplb:HBal;d¾F¶n;F¶r nigBi)aksþareLIgvij dUcCa³ karkab;bMpøajtMbn; éRBekagkag. ebImankarb:HBal;tictYc enaHmann½yfa FnFanrgplb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM dUcCatMbn;éRB ekagkagmYycMnYnkMBugcab;epþImrgkarKRmamkMEhg. ebIK μan mann½yfaK μanplb:HBal;Tal;EtesaH.


TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT

viFIsaRsþ¬bzm¦

kRmiténkarb:HBal;

RbePTénkar b:HBal; ¬bzm¦

ensaT bgÁa-bgÁg lb Tab cab;hYskRmit RtItukEk snÞÚc mFüm cab;hYskRmit eTscrN_ sNæaKar pÞHsMNak;

¬1-7bnÞb;¦ mFüm karbMBul

karmuCTwkkMsanþ Rbdab;muCTwk Tab xUcxatedaykar e)aHyuT§kar

varIvb,kmμ xüg rngExSdak;ciBa©wm Tab kaksMNl;Gahar

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kRmiténkarb:HBal; ¬x<s;¼mFüm¼tic¦ nwgRtUv)ankMNt;Cak;lak; enAeBlcuHeFVIkarsikSa c,as;las;EdleFVIedayRkumkargar ehIyFanafavamanPaBsuRkwt nigGaceRbIR)as;)an.

RbePTénplb:HBal;dMbUgKWKYrEtRtUv)ankt;Rtaedaysegçb. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCakarGPivDÆ sNæaKar kMBugbgáehtubgá[mankarbMBul enaHkarbMBulTaMgenH KYrEtRtUv)ankt;Rta. lT§plB½t’man RtUv)ankt;RtaenAkñúgtarageKalkarN_ENnaMkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RbePTénplb:HBal;Gac)anBnül;[kan;EtBisþarEfmeTot edIm,I kMNt;ehtub:HBal;edaypÞal; nigedayRbeyal. ]TahrN_ karbgðÚrTwksMGuy KWCaplb:HBal;eday pÞal;eTAelIKuNPaBTwk nigkareFVIksikmμenAEpñkxagelIRbPBTwk KWGacnaM[Twkl¥k;mankkrdIhUrcuH mkb:HBal;enAEpñkxageRkam enAkúñgkMLúgeBlrdUvrsSa.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yénkRmit nigRbePTb:HBal;CaTUeTA manenAkñúgtaragviPaKEdl)anmkBICn

begÁalepSg²Kña /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI. karkMNt;kRmitehtub:HBal; x<s;¼mFüm¼tic¼b¤k¾Kμan KYrEtRtUvkt;Rta[)anCak;lak;.

karviPaKbEnßm³ lT§plRtUveFVIkareRbobeFobCamYylT§plBIqñaMmun² edIm,IkMNt;BIRbePT nigkRmiténkarb:HBal;. ral;karERbRbYlnanaRtUveRbobeFobCamYylkçxNÐFnFan edIm,IbBa¢ak;BI TMnak;TMngrbs;va.

dUcKñaenHEdr ral;;Tinñn½yRbmUl)an KWCaEpñkmYyEdl)anmkBIkarsmÖasn_RbCaCn nigkaryl; eXIjrbs;BYkKat;GMBIkarKRmamkMEhgCaGaTiPaBcMnYnR)aM EdlekItmaneTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr. kareRbobeFoblT§pl KWRtUvRtYtBinitüeLIgvijCamYyTinñn½yEdlmanPaBRtwmRtUv. rIÉskmμPaB nImYy²Edl)ankMNt;edaybuKÁlmñak;² KYrEtkt;Rta {cMnYneRcIn¼x<s;} enAkúñgtaragEdl)anbMeBj edayCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man. ebIsinlT§plTTYl)anmanPaBxusKñaxøaMgenaH RkumkargarKYrEtBiPakSa CamYyCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’manedIm,IeFVIkarbBa¢ak;. ral;sßitiEdl)anBIkarsikSaRsavRCav KWcaM)ac;eFVI eLIg[c,as;las; nigRtwmRtUv EdlkMNt;BITsSn³visS½yrYmrbs;RbCaCn.

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PaBRbhak;RbEhlKñaGMBIRbePTénkareRbIR)as; (K16) nigKMrUénkareRbIR)as; (K20) B½t’manBI kRmit nigRbePTénehtub:HBal; KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkarKRmamkMEhgeTAelI FnFantMbn;eqñr. smaCikshKmn_TaMgGs; BiessRbCaCnEdlkMBugeRbIR)as;FnFanedaypÞal; sRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit KWmankaryl;dwgeRcInbMputelImUlehtunanaEdlkMBugman\Ti§BleTAelIFnFan. B½t’manEdl)anBIGñkTaMgenHmansar³sMxan; edIm,IkMNt;BIskm μPaBEdlCatRmUvkar elIkarsikSaEbb viTüasaRsþ sRmab;sikSaCak;Esþg. ]TahrN_ smaCikshKmn_)ankt;sMKal;fakarGPivDÆ eRbg nig ]s½ μn KWmanplb:HBal;d¾F¶n;F¶r edaysarBYkKat;eXIjmankarehorkMBb; eTAelItMbn;ensaTrbs;Kat;. plb:HBal;KWmankarqkElVgedaykarsikSaCalkçN³viTüasaRsþEdleFVIEtmYyqñaMb:ueNÑaH.

tamry³karRtYtBinitüB½t’manknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIkarb:HBal; EdlkarRKb; RKgGac[ekItmanskmμPaBTaMgenH nigRbsiT§PaBénkarRKb;RKgEdl)anGnuvtþknøgmkpgEdr. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCakm μviFIRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr )anepþatelIkm μviFIkat;bnßykareRbIR)as;fñaMsmøab;stVli¥t nigsarFatuKImIenAtamépÞdIksikm μEpñkxagelI bu:EnþskmμPaBeRbIR)as;sarFatuKImITaMgenH enAEtbnþkar b:HBal; enaHeyIgGackMNt;)anfakmμviFIenHminmanRbsiT§PaBeLIy.

CacugeRkayB½t’manTaMgenHsMxan;Nas; edIm,IbegIátkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg nigEsVgrkédKUBak;B½n§ [cUlrYmbEnßmeTot. ebIsmaCikshKmn_mincab;GarmμN_BIkarb:HBal;eTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñreTenaH vaGacmankarlM)ak edIm,IGUsTajBYkKat;[cUlrYmkñúgskmμPaBRKb;RKgtMbn;FnFaneqñr. b:uEnþebI smaCikshKmn_Kitfamanskm μPaBEtmYy b¤BIrbu:eNÑaH EdlkMBugb:HBal;eTAelIFnFanrbs;BYkeK dUcenH GñkeFVIkarsikSaRsavRCavEbbviTüasaRsþ RtUv)anbgðaj[eXIjfa karb:HBal;GacmaneRcIn epSgeTot edaycaM)ac;erobcMkmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg edIm,IbegIánkaryl;dwg[kan;EtTUlMTUlay GMBI skmμPaBnana EdlTak;Tgdl;karb:HBal;FnFanTaMgenaH.

K24: kRmiténkareRbIR)as;edayGñkeRkAshKmn_ ¼ LEVEL OF USE BY OUTSIDERS etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

kRmiténkareRbIR)as;edayGñkeRkAshKmn_ KWsMedAelIcMnYnGñkxageRkA EdlcUlmkeRbIR)as; FnFantMbn;eqñr ehIymanTMnak;TMngnwgGñkeRbIR)as;enAmUldæanéntMbn;sikSa. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCa

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GñkensaTCaCnbreTsmancMnYn 100nak; nigGñkensaTkñúgRsukmancMnYnEt 10nak; enaHkRmit énkareRbIR)as;FnFanedayGñkxageRkA KWmankRmitx<s;. GñkxageRkA KWCaRbCaCnEdlminman lMenAdæan enAkñúñgtMbn;sikSa ¬b¤GñkEdlmksñak;enAbeNþaHGasnñEsVgrkrbrtamrdUvb:ueNÑaH¦ BYkeK GacmkBIPUmiCitxag b¤k¾RbeTsepSg².


B½t’manTaMgenH )anmkedaykar smÖasn_CamYyCnbegÁal dUcCa RbFanPUmi m®nIþRkug nigk¾dUcCa tMNagRkum édKUBak;B½n§epSg². CnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man GacRtUv )ansaksYrBIkRmiteRbIR)as;eday GñkxageRkAnaeBlbc©úb,nñ cMeBaH

skmμPaBnImYy²mkelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT ehIynwgTMhMénkareRbIR)as;enH mankRmit x<s; mFüm b¤Tab.

TMhMGacRtUvkarkMNt;cMeBaHtMbn;sikSanImYy² bu:EnþkRmitx<s; KWmann½yfa kareRbIR)as;FnFan y:ageRcInedayGñkxageRkA dUcCa³ karensaTPaKeRcInenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa KWeFVIeLIgedayGñkxageRkA. kRmitmFüm KWmann½yfa kareRbIR)as;sml μmedayGñkxageRkA dUcCa³ manePJóveTscrGnþrCati tictYc ehIykRmitTab KWmann½yfa CakareRbIR)as;edayGñkxageRkAmancMnYntic dUcCa³ pÞHsMNak; 1 kñúgcMeNampÞHsMNak; 20 enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa KWRKb;RKgedayCnbreTs. kRmiténkareRbIR)as; ¬x<s; mFüm b¤Tab¦ nwgRtUv)ankMNt;Cak;lak; enAeBlcuHeFVIkarsikSac,as;las; EdleFVIedayRkum kargar ehIyFanafavamanPaBsuRkwt nigGaceRbIR)as;)an. cemøIyTaMgLayRtUvkt;RtaenAkñúgtarag eKalkarN_ENnaMsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI. emIlbEnßm rcna sm<½n§shKmn_karGPivDÆGaCIvkmμ nigPaBCam©as; (K13) .

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ CnbegÁalpþl;B½t’manGacRtUv)ansaksYr edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa etIGñk xageRkATaMgenHmanedImkMeNItmkBINa.



viFIsaRsþ¬bzm¦

kRmiteRbIeday GñkxageRkA

ensaT bgÁa-bgÁg lb Tab RtItukEk snÞÚc TabeTscrN_ sNæaKar pÞHsMNak;

¬1-7bnÞb;¦ x<s;

karmuCTwkkMsanþ Rbdab;muCTwk x<s;varIvb,kmμ xüg rngExSdak;ciBa©wm mFüm

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etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man KWbBa¢ak;BIkRmiteRbIR)as;edayGñkxageRkA

nUvral;skmμPaBnImYy² nigkt;RtaenAkñúgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal/RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUcEdl)anbgðajxagelI.

karviPaKbEnßm³ eFIVkareRbobeFobkRmiteRbIR)as;naqñaMknøgmk. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr edayeFVIkarGFib,ayxIø² BITMhMeRbIR)as;edayGñkxageRkA nigmUlehtuEdlbNþal[mankar ERbRbYlnaeBlknøgmkenH.


B½t’manBIkRmiteRbIR)as;edayGñkxageRkA KWmansar³RbeyaCn_edIm,IbegIátkmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg nigCRmujkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§. GñkEdlKμanTIlMenABitR)akd CaFmμtaEtgEtRtUv)anemIlrMlg edaysarEtBYkeKminGac[RkumkargaremIleXIjc,as;las;. tamry³karyl;dwgGMBITMnak;TMng én cMnYnRbCaCnEdlmkBItMbn;eRkAepSg² GñkRKb;RKgGackMNt;BIPaBsMxan;kñúgkarbegáItTMnak;TMngCa mYyRbCaCnEdlenAeRkAshKmn_. ebIGñkRKb;RKgdwgfaGñkxageRkAenaHmkBItMbn;Na enaHBYkKat; GacCaeKaledAsRmab;tMbn;TaMgenaH. enAkúñgkrNImanGñkeRbIR)as;BIRbeTsepSgcUlmk dUcCa k)a:l; ensaTrbs;CnbreTs GñkRKb;RKgGacseRmccitþeFIVkartamry³kariyal½yKy nigkariyal½y GenþaRbevsn_. enAkñúgkrNIepSgeTot vaGacCabBaðakñúgkarBRgIkkarGb;rM nigkmμviFInana edIm,Ieq<aHeTA eFVIkarCamYyshKmn_EdlenACit²enaH.

kareRbIR)as;FnFanedayGñkxageRkA KWmansar³sMxan; edIm,I[BYkeKyl;GMBIbBaðaénkarRKb; RKgFnFantMbn;eqñrpgEdr. B½t’manenHGacmansar³RbeyaCn_ kñúgkarkMNt;témø nigsar³sMxan;rbs; FnFan. ebIRbCaCnmkBIxageRkAtMbn;sikSakMBugEteRbIR)as;FnFan enaHGacbgðaj)anfa FnFanenA tMbn;enaHmansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;KaMRTtMbn;d_FMmYy KWminEmnsRmab;EtshKmn_Etmüa:genaHeT.

ehtuenHTinñn½yxagelI mansar³sMxan;bMput edIm,IraykarN_eTAGñkerobcMeKalneya)ay nig saFarN³Cn GMBItRmUvkarFnFanbEnßmsRmab;karRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrenH.

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K25: kareRbIR)as;enAtamRKYsar ¼ HOUSEHOLD USE etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

kareRbIR)as;TMnij nigesvakm μenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWCakarvas;sÞg; faetIRKYsar enAkñúgtMbn; sikSa eRbIR)as;TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRTedayrebobNasRmab;tRmUvkarpÞal;xøÜn edIm,I kMsanþ b¤edIm,Ilk;dUr. lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH KWmanTMnak;TMngy:agsMxan;eTAnwgskmμPaBEdlman ¬dUcCa³ karensaT varIvb,km μ>>>¦.


Tinñn½ysþIBIkareRbIR)as;enAtamRKYsar kñúgtMbn; eqñr-smuRT KWRbmUl)anmkedaykareFVIsmÖasn_ CnbegÁalenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa dUcCa³ m®nIþeFVIkar beRmIshKmn_ nigRbCaCnRbkbrbrenATIenaH. CnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man GacRtUv)ansaksYrEdr edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIlMdab;eRbIR)as;TUeTAenAtamRKYsar

sRmab;TMnij nigesvakm μnImYy². BYkeKk_RtUv)an sYrpgEdrBIkareRbIR)as;FnFan faetIedIm,I pÞal;xøÜn karkMsanþ b¤lk;dUr. {kareRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn} mann½yfakareRbIR)as;enAkñúgRKYsar dUcCa³ RtIykmkeFIVVGahar {karkMsanþ} mann½yfavisSmkal nig{lk;dUr} mann½yfa lk;edIm,ITTYl)anR)ak; b¤bþÚrCamYyTMnijepSg²eTot. cemøIyTaMgenH RtUv)ankt;RtaenAkñúgtarageKalkarN_ENnaM énkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RbsinebImankarTak;Tgnwgsnþisuxes,óg enaHRkumkargarKYrEtsYr sMNYrEdlmankarTak;TgeTAnwgbBaðasnþisuxes,óg dUcCa etImankarERbRbYlnUvtémøplitples,óg enAkñúgqñaMenHEdrb¤eT ehIyfaetIkarcab;plitplsmuRTenAmUldæan vamantémøesßrPaBb¤y:agNa.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁalepSg²Kña manbgðajenAkñúgtaragviPaKénkarsmÖasn_

CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;. karviPaKbEnßm³ Tinñn½yRbhak;RbEhlEdl)anRbmUl KWCaEpñkmYyénkarcuHeFVIkarsikSa. kareRbobeFoblT§pl KWsRmab;RtYtBinitüTinñn½yEdlTTYl)an [manPaBRtwmRtUv. ebIsinmanPaB



kareRbItam RKYsar ¬bzm¦

ensaT bgÁa-bgÁg lk; RtItukEk pÞal;xøÜneTscrN_ sNæaKar lk; karmuCTwkkMsanþ lk;varIvb,kmμ xüg lk;

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xusEbøkKñarvaglT§plenaH vacaM)ac;Nas; RtUvBiPakSaCamYyCnbegÁaleLIgvij edIm,IbBa¢ak;BI mUlehtuénPaBxusKñaTaMgenH. ebImindUecñaHeT karsikSaBIsßitieBjelj ¬karsmÖasn_CamYyRKYsar TaMgGs; KWminEmneRCIserIsKMrUenaHeT¦ KYrEtRtUveFVIeLIgedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIPaBRtwmRtUv énkaryl;dwg BIRbCasaRsþenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa.


B½t’manBIRKYsarenAkñúgshKmn_eRbIR)as;TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KW)anpþl;karyl; dwg[kan;EtsIuCeRmA BIRKYsarshKmn_BwgEp¥keTAelIFnFansRmab;karhUbcuk nigR)ak;cMNUl ehIy B½t’manTaMgenH mansar³sMxan;pgEdr sRmab;karyl;dwgBIbBaðasniþsuxes,ógenAkúñgRKYsar.

B½t’manenH k_Gacmansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr edIm,Iyl;dwgBIviFIRKb;RKg nigeFVIkarvas;sÞg; BI ehtub:HBal;CIvPaBrs;enA énkareRbIR)as;FnFan nigsniþsuxes,ógrbs;RKYsar. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCa tRmUvkarRKYsarBWgEp¥kEteTAelIkarensaT enaHlkçxNÐtwgrwgelIkarensaT GacrMBwgfa vaman\Ti§Bl dl;karrkGaharrbs;RKYsarensaT nigb:HBal;elIsniþsuxes,ógrbs;RKYsar.

K26: GñkBak;B½n§ ¼ STAKEHOLDERS etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

GñkBak;B½n§ KWCabuKÁl Rkum b¤GgÁkar EdlmancMNab;GarmμN_ manTMnak;TMng b¤man\Ti§Bl ¬TaMgviC¢man nigGviC¢man¦ eTAelIkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. GñkBak;B½n§TaMgenH Gacrs;enA b¤min rs;enABitR)akdkñúgtMbn;enaH bu:EnþBYkeKGacmancMNab;Garm μN_ b¤man\Ti§BleTAelIkarRKb;RKg FnFaneqñr. sUmemIleKalkarN_bEnßm GCRMN CMBUk1³ skm μPaBeRtomTukCamun karbBa¢ak;BIGñk Bak;B½n§sþIBIpáaf μsRmab;karBiPakSanaeBlGnaKt.


CnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man ¬dUcCa³ m®nIþraCkar m®nIþCab;eqñat GñkensaT RbFanGaCIvkmμ Q μ Üj RbmUlTij-lk;plitpl¦ RtUv)anGeBa¢IjmkeFVIsmÖasn_edIm,I kMNt;RkumGñkBak;B½n§sMxan;²cMnYn3 sRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy² ¬dUcCa³ karensaT varIvb,km μ vis½yeTscrN_¦. skmμPaBtMbn;

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eqñrRtUv)ankMNt;CaEpñkmYyénlkçN³vinicä½y enAskmμPaB ¬K14¦ ehIyRtUv)ankt;RtaenAkñúgtarag eKalkarN_ENnaMénkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;Edl)anbgðaj.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ edIm,IEsVgyl;BIrcnasm<½n§GMNac ¬neya)ay esdækic© nigsgÁm¦enA kñúgshKmn_ RkumkargarKYrsYreTAGñkpþl;B½t’manedIm,I[BYkeKmanTMnak;TMngKñay:agCitsñit.

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr* édKUBak;B½n§RkumTI1 édKUBak;B½n§RkumTI2 édKUBak;B½n§RkumTI3

karensaT GñkensaTciBa©wmCIvit¼ensaTedIm,IkMsanþ

ensaTCalkçN³BaNiC¢kmμ

ensaTeRbITUkDunFM²

varIvb,kmμ m©as;varIvb,kmμ

GñkRKb;RKg nigbuKÁlik

eTscrN_ m©as;sNæaKarGñkRKb;RKg nigbuKÁlik

GñknaMeP£óvelgTwk GñkeTscrN_

* karbegáIttaragbBa¢I;skmμPaBnImYy² edIm,IkMNt;BIskmμPaB (K14)

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragviPaKénkar smÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI.

karviPaKbEnßm³ eFVIkarGFib,ayxIø² edaykMNt;RkumGñkBak;B½n§ EdlmankarTak;TgenAkñúg skmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy².


GñkRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñrRtUvR)akdniymfa skm μPaBcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§enAkñúgkareFIV Epnkar nigkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr GacbegIánPaBeCaKC½yeTAelIkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. ebIRbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn;manTMnak;TMngenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigmanGarmμN_faBYkeKCa m©as;kmμsiTi§elIFnFanTaMgenaH BYkeKGacmancMNg;cMNUlcitþkan;EteRcIneLIg² edIm,IKaMRTkar RKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. karyl;BIGñkBak;B½n§Gac[GñkRKb;RKgkMNt;BIbuKÁlnImYy²)ankan;Etc,as; cMeBaHviFankarN_RKb;RKg nigGaceFVI[mankarykcitþTukdak;BIehtub:HBal;nana CamYynwgGñkBak; B½n§TaMgenH. GñkBak;B½n§RtUvkMNt;pgEdr edIm,IbBa¢ak;faetIédKUBak;B½n§mYyNa EdlmancMNab;GarmμN_ eTAelIkarRtYtBinitü. kareFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkBak;Bn§½TaMgLay Gacpþl;»kassRmab;GñkBak;B½n§nImYy²

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edIm,IFanafa ral;RkumeRbIR)as;FnFanTaMgGs; KWRtUv)anbBa©ÚlkñúgskmμPaBRKb;RKg nigGtßRbeyaCn_ BIkmμviFI CaBiessGVIEdlBYkeKRtUvkar.

K27: TRmg;BIGñkeTscr ¼ TOURIST PROFILE etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) TRmg;BIGñkeTscr KWsMedAeTAelIlkçN³sm,tiþéneP£óveTscr cUlmktMbn;sikSa. eTscrGac

TaMgGñkeTscrkñúgRsuk nigeRkARsuk¼eRkARbeTs.


Tinñn½yBIGñkeTscr KWRtUv)anRbmUlenAkRmitshKmn_mUldæanéntMbn;sikSa. Tinñn½yBIGñk eTscr GacRbmUl)anBI RbPBepSg² dUcCa³ GaC£aFreTscrCati mnÞIreTscrN_kñúgmUldæan naykdæanCnGenþaRbevsn_ kariyal½ysßiti GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al mNÐlBaNiC¢kmμ ¬dUcCasNæaKar¦nig tMbn;Tak;TajeTscr ¬tMbn;]TüansmuRT ]TüanCati¦. RbeTsPaKeRcIn GacnwgmanÉksarsßitisþIBI eP£óveTscr nigtMbn;eTscrN_. Tinñn½ybEnßmGacTTYl)anBICnbegÁal pþl;B½t’man dUcCa³ RbFanmnÞIr eTscrN_ m©as;sNæaKar nigPñak;garRkumh‘uneTscrN_. sMNYredIm,IeFVI[mankarykcitþTukdak;KW³

- etImaneP£óveTscrb:unμannak;kñúgmYyqñaM mkTsSnatMbn;enH?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - etImaneP£óveTscrTaMgenH mkBIRbeTsNaxøH ehIymancMnYnb:unμan?

eP£ovkñúgRsuk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>nak; eP£óvbreTs>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>nak; ¬ RbeTs k>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>nak;? RbeTs x>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>nak;?>>>>¦

- etIkñúgmYyEx²maneP£óveTscrmkTsSnab:unμannak;Edr? mkra>>>>>>>>>>? kumÖ³>>>>>>>>>>? mIna>>>>>>>>>>? emsa>>>>>>>>>>? ]sPa>>>>>>>>>>? mifuna>>>>>>>>>>? kkáda>>>>>>>>>>? sIha>>>>>>>>>>? kBaØa>>>>>>>>>>? tula vicäika>>>>>>>>>>? FñÚ>>>>>>>>>>>? - etIeP£óveTscrTaMgenHeFVIdMeNIrtammeFüa)ayGVI? ynþehaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? k):al;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? rfynþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? nigepSg²>>>>>>>> - etIPaKryGayuéneP£óveTscrTaMgenaH manGayuBIb:unμanxøH? 0-18qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19-30qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 31-50qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>> elIsBI50qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - etIPaKryP£óveTscrTaMgenaH manbursb:unμan RsþIb:unμan? burs³>>>>>>>? RsþI³>>>>>>>>>>>>>?

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- etIPaKryeP£óveTscrb:unμan Edlcab;Garm μN_nwgskmμPaBxageRkamenH? emIlFm μCati>>>>>>>>>> elgtameqñrxSac;>>>>>>>>>> muCTwkemIlpáafμ>>>>>>>>>> ensaTkMsanþ>>>>>>>>>> cab;GarmμN_BIRbéBNI>>>>>>>>>> nigskmμPaBnanadéTeTot>>>>>>>>>>>

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarKYrEtRbmUlTinñn½yBIGñkRKb;RKgTinñn½yenAfñak;Cati edIm,I ykmkeFVIkareRbobeFob. karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßmGacykcitþTukdak; dUcCa ry³eBlsñak;enA mFümPaKénkarcMNayRbcaMéf¶ eKalbMNg nigRbePTénkarpþl;esvakm μ .

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) Tinñn½yPaKeRcInGacmanRsab; nigTTYl)anBIr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM. RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; nig

B½t’manEdl)anBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgtaragviPaK dUc)anbgðajxagelI. karviPaKbEnßm³ RbsinebITinñn½yeTscrN_enAkñúgtMbn;sikSamanRKb;RKan; dUcCa ninñakar

karERbRbYl niglkçN³sm,tiþéneP£óveTscr RkumkargarKYrEteFVIkarviPaK.


TRmg;énGñkeTscr mansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;GñkRKb;RKg yl;dwgBIehtub:HBal; nig »kasGb;rMdl;eP£óveTscr dUcCa³ kRmitsm<aFeTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. B½t’mansþIBIkarERb RbYlknøgmk Gacmansar³RbeyaCn_kñúgkarkMNt;sm<aFTaMgenH faetIva ekIneLIg fycuH b¤k_enA dEdl. kareRbobeFobnUvlkçN³vinicä½y skmμPaB (K18) kareRbIR)as;KMrU (K20) nig kRmit nig RbePTb:HBal; (K23) Gacmansar³sMxan;kñúgkarkMNt; faetI karpøas;bþÚrTaMgenHmanTMnak;TMngeTA nwglkçN³FnFanedayrebobNa. bEnßmBIenH vamansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr sRmab;GñkRKb;RKg edIm,I eFVIkarseRmccitþeTAelIskmμPaBdéTeTot RbsinebIeP£óveTscrN_mankarfycuH ehIyRbCa shKmn_)at;bg;RbeyaCn_BIeTscrTaMgenH.

B½t’mansþIBIRbCasaRsþ ¬ Gayu sBa¢ati ePT¼eynD½r¦ Gackt;sMKal;BItRmUvkarepSg² sRmab; esvakmμ nigTMnij[GñkeTscr. ]TahrN_ yuvCnekμg²PaKeRcIncUlcitþskm μPaBCagGñk eTscrmanv½ycMNas; EteTaHCay:agNak¾eday sm<aFelIFnFanKYrEtykcitþTukdak;. dUcKñaEdr

SocMon S.E. Asia 97

karyl;dwgeTAelIcMNab;GarmμN_rbs;eP£óveTscr nigrdUvkal KWmansar³sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkar BüakrN_fa etIeBlNaEdlskmμPaBeTscrGacmansm<aFxøaMgelIFnFan.

karyl;dwgelIcMNab;Garm μN_eP£óveTscr k_GacCYy[GñkBak;B½n§sRmbelIrbrGaCIvkmμrbs; BYkeK ehIyvak_Ca»kassRmab;karRKb;RKg ]TahrN_ GñknaMeP£óvkMsanþ nigGñknaMeP£óvsÞÚcRtI GaceFVIkarCamYyKña nigerobcMyuT§saRsþedIm,Ikat;bnßysm<aFelIFnFan k_dUcCaGacGb;rMGñkeTscr eTAelIbBaðaRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr-smuRTkñúgtMbn;rbs;BYkeKpgEdr.

GPi)alkic© sßab½n nigRkumRbwkSaeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ

GOVERNACE, INSTITUTIONS AND DECISION-MAKING BODIES

K28: RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg ¼ MANAGEMENT BODY etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg KWCasßab½nEdlRtYtRtaeTAelIviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr ehIyFana[man

dMeNIrkarRbkbedaytmøaPaBsRmab; kareFIVEpnkar karbegIát nigCRmujkarGnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ nana. RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg GacCa Pñak;garrdæaPi)al GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al b¤GgÁkarshKmn_ Edlman dMeNIrkarenAfñak;GnþrCati fñak;Cati fñak;tMbn; Rkug/extþ b¤Rsuk¼XMu. enAkúñgtMbn;sikSamYyGacman RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKgeRcInsRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñrepSg²Kña dUcCa³ karRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr Epñkpl ensaT varIvb,kmμ GPirkSéRBekagkag eTscrN_ kardwkCBa¢ÚnEdnsmuRT karbegáIttMbn; lMenAdæan.l.


B½t’manBIRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg GacTTYl)anedaykarGanÉksarEpnkarskmμPaBRKb;RKg. B½t’manTaMgenH k_Gac)anmkBIkar smÖasn_CnbegÁal EdlCaGñkman cMeNHdwg EpñkRKb;RKgFnFantMbn; eqñr b¤skm μPaBtMbn;eqñr ¬dUcCa GñktMNagPñak;garrdæaPi)al m®nIþ Cab;eqñat tMNagGgÁkaeRkArdæa

Pi)al. vamanPaBsMxan;pgEdr edIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBIry³eBl nigeQμaHRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg enAkñúg

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr* RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg ¬man b¤ K μan¦

nigeQμaH karensaT man - kariyal½yClpleTscrN_ man - GaC£aFreTscrN_varIvb,kmμ K μan

* karbegáItbBa¢IskmμPaBnImYy²Ep¥kelIdMeNIrkarrbs;skmμPaB (K14)

SocMon S.E. Asia 98

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy² nigsmÖasn_buKÁlEdlmanPar³kic©TTYlxusRtUvelIkarGnuvtþrbs;Rkum RbwkSaRKb;RKg. B½t’mansþIBIRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg Gac ¬man b¤¤ K μan¦ nigeQ μaHRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg KWRtUv)ankt;RtaenAkñúgtaragsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;dUc)anbgðajxagelI.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarKYrEtdwgpgEdrtamry³CnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_ edIm,I kMNt;GNtþi nigGñkdwknaMsMxan;²elIkarRKb;RKgskm μPaBenAtMbn;eqñrnImYy².

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yGMBIEpnkarRKb;RKg CnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_ nigbuKÁlTTYlxusRtUv manbgðaj

enAkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;dUc)anbgðajxagelI.


B½t’manBIRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg KWmansar³RbeyaCn_edIm,IbBa¢ak;ral;ehtub:HBal;énkarRKb;RKg eTAelIshKmn_ BiesseTAelIGPi)alkic©. GtþsBaØaNkm μelIsiTi§GMNac nigkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ sRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr GaceFIV[GñkRKb;RKgyl;kan;Etc,as;EfmeTot BIlMdab;skmμPaBRKb;RKg EdlekIneLIgenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa BIkarsRmbsRmYlCamYyRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg BItmøaPaBelIdMeNIrkar RKb;RKg nigBIRbsiT§PaBTak;TinnwgkarRKb;RKg. müa:gvijeTot GtþsBaØaNkmμRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg Gacpþl;»kas[GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLayeFVIkarBiPakSaKñaBIehtub:HBal;nana nigENnaMKñaBIeKalkarN_ viFankar nigsiT§iGMNackñúgkarRKb;RKg.

K29: EpnkarRKb;RKg ¼ MANAGEMENT PLAN etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) EpnkarRKb;RKgKW)andak;CaTisedAyuT§saRsþsRmab;kmμviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. Epnkar

RKb;RKg KWCaÉksarENnaMBI eKalbMNg nigTisedArbs;kmμviFI rcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgénRbB½n§RKb;RKg nigtMENgelIviFankarRKb;RKg.

SocMon S.E. Asia 99


B½t’man elIEpnkarRKb;RKg GacTTYl)antamry³karsmÖasn_ CamYyCnbegÁalEdlCab;Tak;Tg nwgsßab½nfñak;Cati fñak;tMbn; nigfñak; mUldæan EdlmansiT§iGMNac nigkar TTYlxusRtUvRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. enAkúñgtMbn;sikSamYyGacmanEpnkarRKb;RKgeRcIn GaRs½y eTAelIskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr rYmman³ smahrNkmμEpnkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr EpnkarRKb;RKgClpl EpnkarGPivDÆn_tMbn;eqñr EpnkarRKb;RKgéRBekagkag b¤¼nig EpnkarGPivDÆn_eTscrN_. vaGac manRbeyaCn_pgEdr cMeBaHkaresIñsuMcmøgEpnkarRKb;RKgEdlmanrYcehIy edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIskmμPaB NaxøHEdl)anGnuvtþn_ehIy.

sRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy² KYrbBa¢ak;fa ¬man b¤ Kμan¦ ehIyRtUv)ankt;Rtakúñgtarag eKalkarN_ENnaMkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³B½t’manBIsmasPaBénEpnkarRKb;RKg ¬dUcCa³ karGnuvtþ karGb;rM¦.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) karkt;RtaTinñn½yBIRbPBepSg² edaykarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;

RtUv)anbgðajkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;EdlbgðajxagelI. karviPaKbEnßm³ vamansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkarGFib,ayEpnkarénskmμPaBeqñrnImYy² ehIy

k_mansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr edIm,IeFVIkareRbobeFobkarERbRbYlEpnkarRKb;RKgnaeBlknøgmk CamYy karERbRbYlKMrUénkareRbIR)as; lkçxNÐrbs;FnFan edIm,IbBa¢ak;GMBITMnak;TMngrbs;va.


kardwgBIEpnkarRKb;RKgsRmab;skm μPaBnanaEdlmanknøgmk KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIehtub:HBal;TUeTAénkarRKb;RKgeTAelItMbn;sikSa Biesskic©karGPi)alkic©. PaBsRmb elIEpnkarRKb;RKgEdlmanRsab; GacbBa¢ak;R)ab;GñkRKb;RKg)anfa karRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr KW RtUv)anENnaMeday ckçúvis½y nigeKalbMNg edIm,ITTYl)annUvlT§plmYyBitR)akd ¬]TahrN_

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr* EpnkarRKb;RKg ¬man b¤ K μan¦ karensaT man eTscrN_ man varIvb,kmμ K μan

* karbegáItbBa¢IskmμPaBnImYy²Ep¥kelIdMeNIrkarrbs;skmμPaB (K14)

SocMon S.E. Asia 100

karGPirkS nigkarkarBarFnFan¦ ehIyvaCamUldæanyuT§saRsþ edIm,IseRmc[)annUvTsSn³vis½y nig eKalbMNg k_dUcCaEpnkarTUeTAsRmab;karGnuvtþnUvsiT§iGMNacGNtiþrbs;xøÜn.

karviPaKedayeFVIkareRbobeFobEpnkarRKb;RKgEdlmanRsab; niglkçN³vinicä½yGPi)alkic© déTeTot ¬dUcCa³ muxtMENg nigsiT§iRsbc,ab;¦ CamYyKMrUénkareRbIR)as;FnFan niglkçxNÐFnFan KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa viFankarelIGPi)alkic©TaMgenH KWman\Ti§BleTAelI \riyabT kñúgkarcUlrYmEfTaMsuxPaBFnFan.

karEsVgyl;BIEpnkarRKb;RKgEdlman sRmab;skmμPaBepSg² GacCYy[GñkBak;B½n§eFVIkar BiPakSaKñaeTAelIEpnkarTaMgenH Tak;TgeTAnwgkarRKb;RKg nigehtub:HBal;nanaénkarRKb;RKgkñúg tMbn;sikSa.

K30: smtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; ¼ ENABLING LEGISLATION etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) c,ab; KWCabTbBaØtiþpøÚvkarEdl)anGnum½tedayraCrdæaPi)al edIm,Ipþl;siT§iRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr

edaymanc,ab;KaMRTRtwmRtUv edayGnuBaØat[GñkRKb;RKg erobcMEpnkar rcnasm<½n§RKb;RKg bTbBaØtiþ nigbriFanc,ab;nana nignitiviFIGnuvtþn_ EdlRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; Bnül;GFib,ay kþIsgÇwm nigGacykeTA Gnuvtþ)an. bBaØtiþc,ab;TaMgenHGacmansmtßPaB nigGsmtßPaB GaRs½yedayGñkBak;B½n§epSg². ]TahrN_ c,ab;Clpl KWRtUv)anBicarNafa CabTbBaØtiEdlmansmtßPaB edIm,IkMNt;kareRbIR)as; nigRKb;RKgFnFanClplenAkñúgRbeTs.


B½t’mansþIBIsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; KW)anmkedaykarsmÖasn_CnbegÁalTaMgLayNa Edlman TMnak;TMngeTAnwg fñak;Cati fñak;tMbn; nigPñak;garrdæaPi)alfñak;mUldæan k_dUcCaGaC£aFrTTYlxusRtUvRKb;

RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. kMLúgeBleFVIsmÖasn_ va sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkaresIñsuMftcmøgÉksarc,ab; Edl)anpSBVpSay nigmankarCab;Tak;TgeTAnwg smtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; edIm,ICaCMnYybBa¢ak;BI smtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;enATItaMgenaH.

smtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; GacmanenAfñak;

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr ¬ erobcMbBa¢I skmμPaBnImYy²Ep¥kelIdMeNIr

karrbs;skmμPaB (K14)

smtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; ¬man b¤ Kμan¦

karensaT man eTscrN_ Kμan varIvb,kmμ Kμan


GnþrCati fñak;Cati Rkugb¤extþ nigfñak;mUldæan. TRmg; nigvisalPaBedIm,IsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; RKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigGacmankarERbRbYly:agTUlMTUlayeTAtamlkçxNÐRbeTs. karerobcM c,ab;GacBwgEp¥keTAelIktþaCaeRcIn rYmman³ TRmg;EbbbTrbs;rdæaPi)al FnFanhirBaØvtßú rcnasm<½n§ rdæ)alsaFarN³ kRmitkargarrdæaPi)al TRmg;vimCÄkar b¤ vishmCÄkar yutßaFikarExSbeNþay kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ nigRbePTénskm μPaB nigFnFanrbs;tMbn;eqñr. karsmÖasn_ nigkarRtYtBinitüÉksareLIgvijRtUv)ansÞabsÞg;karGnuvtþ ¬faetIman b¤K μan¦ edIm,ICRmujsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; kñúgkarKaMRTEpnkarRKb;RKgsRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy².

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) karkt;sMKal;B½t’manBICnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man/RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;epSg²Kña RtUv)an

kt;RtaenAkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI. karviPaKbEnßm³ karGFib,ayxIø² BIsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;cMeBaHskmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy² man

sar³RbeyaCn_Nas;. kareRbobeFobbMErbMrYlkúñgsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;knøgmk CamYykarERbRbYl KMrUénkareRbIR)as; niglkçxNÐFnFan vak¾sMxan;pgEdr ebIsinvamanTMnak;TMngKña.


smtßPaBGnuvtþc,ab; KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;ral;karb:HBal;nanaénkarRKb; RKg mkelIshKmn_kúñgtMbn;sikSa BiesskargarGPi)alkic©. karyl;BIdwgBIsmtßPaBGnuvtþc,ab; KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IFanafaEpnkarRKb;RKg nigyuT§saRsþRtUv)anKaMRTedayc,ab; ehIyman karGnuvtþRbkbedayeCaKC½y.

m:üageTotkaryl;dwgBIsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab; k_GacnwgFanafa ral;viFankarRKb;RKgTaMg LayKW)anKaMRTedayc,ab;. Bak;B½n§nwgplb:HBal;énviFankarRKb;RKgGacRtUv)anykmkBinitüeLIg vijcMeBaHEpnkarRKb;RKg nigsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;.

karviPaKedayeFVIkareRbobeFobsmtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;Edlman niglkçN³vinicä½yGPi)alkic© déTeTot ¬dUcCa³ muxtMENg nigsiT§iRsbc,ab;¦ CamYyKMrUénkareRbIR)as;FnFan niglkçxNÐFnFan KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa viFankarelIGPi)alkic©TaMgenHKWman\Ti§BleTAelI


\riyabTkñúgkarcUlrYmEfTaMsuxPaBFnFan nigbegáInkaryl;dwgc,ab;Edl)anGnum½t nigCYyCRmuj GñkBak;B½n§[cUlrYmGnuvtþ.

K31: karRKb;RKgFnFan ¼ MANAGEMENT RESOURCES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karRKb;RKgFnFan KWsMedAelIFnFanmnusS nighirBaØvtßúsRmab;Gnuvtþral;skmμPaBnanaén

EpnkarRKb;RKg.


B½t’man sþIBIkarRKb;RKgFnFan RbmUl)aneday karsmÖasn_GñkRKb;RKg b¤RbFanEpñkRKb;RKg nImYy²enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa. GñkRKb;RKg b¤RbFan EpñkRKb;RKg KYrRtUv)anesIñsuM[bgðajBItarag rcnasm<½n§sßab½nRKb;RKgrbs;xøÜn k_dUcCakmμviFI b¤skmμPaB EdlkMBugGnuvtþedaybuKÁlik.

cMnYnbuKÁlik ¬eBjem:ag eRkAem:ag b¤sμ ½RKcitþ¦ Edlcat;EcgenAkúñgkmμviFI b¤skm μPaBnImYy² KYrRtUv )anbBa¢ak;pgEdr. cMeBaHkEnøgNaEdlK μanrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgsßab½n RkumkargarGacbegIátCamYyGñk RKb;RKg b¤RbFanEpñkRKb;RKg edaybBa¢ak;CaelIkdMbUgGMBIkmμviFI b¤skmμPaBnImYy² sRmab;eFVIkar RKb;RKg edaymankarbBa¢ak;GM;BIcMnYnbuKÁlik. GñkRKb;RKg b¤RbFanEpñk KWRtUv)ansaksYrGMBIcMnYn fvika sRmab;eFVIkarRKb;RKg nigRbtibtiþEpnkar. cemøIyRtUv)ankt;enAkúñgtaragENnaMsmÖasn_Cn begÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; dUc)anbgðaj.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ B½t’manbEnßm GacRtUv)anRbmUleTAelIxÞg;fvikasRmab;EbgEck eFVI skmμPaBRKb;RKgnana dUcCa³ karGb;rM b¤karGnuvtþ. B½t’manGacRbmUl)anpgEdrmkBIbec©keTs b¤]bkrN_EbgEcksRmab;skmμPaBRKb;RKgnana.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) B½t’manTaMgLayEdl)ankt;RtaBICnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_/RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;epSg²Kña

EdlbgðajenAkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI. karviPaKbEnßm³ KYrpþl;karGFib,ayBIcMnYnbuKÁlik nigfvika bc©úb,nñ edIm,IRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr.

skmμPaB tMbn;eqñr*

cMnYnbuKÁlik fvika

ensaT 5 1000eTscrN_ 25 25000varIvb,kmμ 0 0*karbegáItbBa¢Iskm μPaBnImYy²Ep¥kelIdMeNIrkarskmμPaB(K14)



karyl;dwgGM;BIkarRKb;RKgFnFan KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IbBa¢ak;ral;karb:HBal;nana énkarRKb;RKgmkelIshKmn_kúñgtMbn;sikSa BiesskargarGPi)alkic©. ]TahrN_ karyl;dwgBIkar EbgEckbuKÁlik edIm,IGnuvtþkm μviFI b¤skmμPaBnImYy² KWmanGtßRbeyaCn_kúñgkarbBa¢ak;BIPaB sMxan;rbs;skm μPaBnana nigsRmab;BüakrN_GMBIcMnYn nigPaBjwkjab;rbs;skm μPaBBitR)akd dUcCa CRmujkaryaml,atCaedIm. visalPaBénkarRKb;RKgFnFan KW)anbBa¢ak;faetIRbsiT§PaBRKb;RKg niglT§PaBedIm,IseRmcnUveKalbMNg nigGnuvtþn_EpnkarRKb;RKgy:agdUcemþcEdr.

K32: bTbBaØtiþ nigtMENgpøÚvkar ¼ FORMAL TENURE AND RULES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) tMENgpøÚvkar KWmanCab;Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkareRbIR)as;siTi§GMNacCamYykareKarBeTAelIskmμPaB

tMbn;eqñr. karkan;muxtMENgpøÚvkarTak;TinnwgPaBRsbc,ab;edaymanEcgedayc,ab;. ]TahrN_ karerobcMtMENgpøÚvkar KWCakarpþl;siTi§eTA[GñkensaTeRbIR)as;tMbn;sRmab;eFIVkarensaT.

karRKb;RKgpøÚvkar KWCakartak;EtgRsbtampøÚvc,ab; nwg)ankMNt;CaBiesseTAelIskm μPaB EdltRmUv[mankarGnuBaØatnighamXat;edayédKUBak;B½n§ nigPñak;garrdæaPi)al Tak;TgnwgkareRbI R)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr. karbegIátc,ab; faetIeRbIsiTi§GMNacdUcemþcedIm,IGnuvtþ. ]TahrN_ sRmab;Gñk ensaTEdlpþl;tMENgpøÚvkar mansiT§ieRbIR)as;tMbn;edIm,IeFIVkarensaT ehIykarRKb;RKgCapøÚvkarKW GnuBaØat[ensaTedayeRbIsnÞÚcEtb:ueNÑaH kñúgtMbn;ensaTenH.

sRmab;lkçN³vinicä½yenH KWepþateTAelIkarGnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ[)anRtwmRtUv Edlman \Ti§BledaypÞal;BImYyéf¶eTAmYyéf¶ eTAelIkarseRmccitþénGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan ehIyTak;Tgnwg eBlevla TIkEnøg nigeRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñredayrebobNa. c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþTaMgenH epþatCa BiesseTAelIskmμPaBenAtamtMbn;eqñr nigRtUv)anbegIáteLIgedayPñak;garEdlTTYlxusRtUvEpñkc,ab; edIm,IRKb;RKgral;skm μPaBtMbn;eqñr.


bTbBaØtiþpøÚvkar Tak;Tgnwgry³eBlénkarkan;tMENg RtUv)anbBa¢ak;BIB½t’manEdlmanRsab; dUcCa bTbBaØtiþEdl)antak;EtgsRmab;fñak;Cati tMbn; b¤fñak;mUldæan. bTbBaØtiþenHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg


nige)aHBum<pSayedayRtwmRtUveTAtamc,ab;rdæaPi)al TaMgenHrYmman³ GnuRkwtü-c,ab;Clplfñak;Cati c,ab;brisßanEdlmanEcgBIkarkab;éRBekagkag c,ab;Tak;TgnwgkareRbIR)as;páafμ nigc,ab;Tak;Tgkar GPivDÆlMenAdæanenAtamtMbn;eqñr.

bTbBaØtiþ nigtMENgpøÚvkar GacRbmUl )anBIGñkpþl;smÖasn_ dUcCa Gñktak;Etgc,ab; enAfñak;Cati fañk;tMbn; nigfñak;mUldæan. c,ab; enH KW)antak;EtgedaymankarcUlrYmBI sßabn½ rdæaPi)alBak;B½n§ nigpSBVpSaytameKalkarN_ rbs;rdæaPi)al. B½t’manbEnßmGac)anmkBIkar smÖasn_CnbegÁal nigm®nIþraCkarEdlCaPñak;gar TTYlxusRtUvRKb;RKgskmμPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy².

bTbBaØtiþc,ab;pøÚvkar Tak;TgnwgtMENg nigbBaØtiþpøÚvkarsRmab;eFVIskmμPaBenAtMbn;eqñr KYrEt RtUv)anRbmUlB½t’manTaMgenH enAkRmitfñak;Cati fañk;tMbn; nigfñak;mUldæan. sRmab;skmμPaBnImYy² GackMNt;fa ¬K μan b¤man¦ RbsinebIsiT§iRKb;RKgpøÚvkar nigtMENgRsbc,ab; )aneXIjenAkRmit shKmn_mUldæan. B½t’manTaMgenHmanbgðajenAkñúgtaragENnaMxagelI.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yBICnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;epSg²Kña RtUv)anbgðajenAkúñg

taragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; dUc)anbgðajxagelI. karviPaKbEnßm³ karGFib,ayxIø² BItMENgpøÚvkar nigbBaØtþic,ab; sRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr

nImYy² mansar³RbeyaCn_Nas;. karebobeFobbERmbRmYlkúñgEpnkarRKb;RKg (K29) naeBlknøg mk CamYykarERbRbYlKMrUénkareRbIR)as; (K20) nigTsSn³yl;eXIjelIlkçxNÐFnFan (K16) GacCYy [RkumkargarbBa¢ak;GMBITMnak;TMngrbs;va.


tMENgpøÚvkar KWmansar³RbeyaCn_edIm,IbBa¢ak;ral;karb:HBal;TaMgLayénkarRKb;RKgeTAelI shKmn_ CaBiesskargarGPi)alkic©. tMENgpøÚvkar erobrab;eTAelIlMdab;énkareRbIR)as;FnFan tMbn;eqñr ecjBIm©as;km μsiT§ieBjelj nigsiT§iRtYtBinitüeTAelIkareRbIR)as; nigcat;EcgFnFan

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr*

bBaØtþi nigtMENg pøÚvkar ¬man¼K μan¦

bTbBaØtiþ-c,ab; EdlTak;Tg ¬man¼K μan¦

ensaT man man eTscrN_ K μan Kμan varIvb,kmμ man Kμan *karbegáItbBa¢IskmμPaBnImYy²Ep¥kelIdMeNIrkarskmμPaB(K14)


edayRkumNamYyCak;lak;dUcCa³ RkumGñkensaT KWK μansiT§ikñúgkareRbIR)as;GMNacTaMgenaH)aneLIy. sRmab;GñkRKb;RKg GacmanPaBsMxan;edIm,Iyl;dwgBIB½t’man ehtudUcenHkarerobcMkarRKb;RKg Gac minmanPaBlem¥óg nig\T§iBleTAelIeKalbMNg karGnuvtþ rYmTaMgkarb:HBal;RtUv)anyl; nigman dMeNaHRsay. vamankarcaM)ac;pgEdr edIm,IEsVgyl;BIFm μCati nigPaBrwugmuaMéntMENgédKUBak;B½n§ enAkñúgtMbn;sikSa rYmTaMgsiT§iGMNacRKb;RKgTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr k_dUcCarcnasm<½n§RKb;RKg edIm,I GnuvtþRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB. lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH manRbeyaCn_Nas;edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkRmit RtYtBinitüeTAelIskm μPaB mnusSenAkñúgtMbn;eqñr nigvisalPaBrbs;RbCaCnEdlRBmTTYlykc,ab; edIm,IRKb;RKgbEnßmelI skmμPaBeRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr nigplb:HBal;énlT§pledaysarc,ab;TaMgenH. GñkeRbIR)as; FnFanGacnwgrMelaPc,ab; RbsinebIBYkeKKμankaryl;dwg b¤k¾c,ab;TaMgenHminmanlkçN³smRsb eTAnwglkçxNÐrbs;BYkeK.

eRbobeFobtMENgpøÚvkar nigbBaØtþic,ab; CamYyKMrYénkareRbIR)as; niglkçxNÐFnFan Kwman sar³RbeyaCn_ edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa viFankarGPi)alkic©elIkarRKb;RKgFnFan kMBugEtmankarKaMRT nigCYy dl;suxmalPaBrbs;FnFan. tamry³karpþl;cMeNHdwgBItMENg nigbBaØtþic,ab;pøÚvkar GñkBak;B½n§nwg GaccUlrYmkñúgkarGnuvtþc,ab;TaMgenH. m:üagvijeTot GñkBak;B½n§GaccUlrYmviPaKTan edIm,IbegáIn RbsiT§iPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;fμ I edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgc,ab;Tmøab;BImun nigbc©úb,nñ.

K33: tMENg nigbTbBaØtþiminpøÚvkar TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI ¼ INFORMAL TENURE AND

RULE, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) enAkñúgshKmn_tMbn;eqñrPaKeRcIn RbB½n§énkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñrmaneRcIneTVdg. RbB½n§

RKb;RKgminpøÚvkarEdl)anRbDiteLIg nigGnuvtþn_edayGñkeRbIR)as;FnFanenAkñúgshKmn_ ehIyCa erOy² mankarshkarCamYyRbB½n§RKb;RKgpøÚvkarrbs;rdæaPi)al. ehtuenH RbB½n§minpøÚvkarTaMgenH GacmankarsμúKs μaj b¤samBaØ gayRsYlkñúgkarGegát b¤RtUvEtkarBaredayRbugRby½tñ.

TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNIsRmab;RKb;RKg nigeRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr RtUv)anGnuvtþn_eday qøúHbBa©aMgBI sgÁm vb,Fm’CnCatiPaKtic vNÑ³ b¤k¾karRbkan;Rkum nigePT enAkñúgshKmn_. ]TahrN_ TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNITaMgenHGacrYmman karkt;sMKal;elIGñkensaTEdlmanzan³x<s; b¤RBwT§acarü KWepþatelIskmμPaBbYgsYgmuneBlecjeTAensaT ynþkarRKb;RKgCemøaH b¤k_kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ.


tMENg nigbBaØtiminpøÚvkar KWsMedAeTAelIkarGnuvtþminpøÚvkar ¬TMenomTmøab; nig RbéBNI¦ EdlRbCaCnTTYl)anplcMeNjkñúgkareRbIR)as; CaBiesseTAelIskmμPaBEdlRtUv)anGnuBaØati b¤ RtUv)anhamXat;edayGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan nigkarrrMBwgeTAelIskm μPaBtMbn;eqñrrbs;BYkeK. vak¾ sMedApgEdreTAelIkarTTYlyl;RsbcMeBaHbTbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkarTaMgenH.

etIkarRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to collect the data) B½t’mansþIBItMENg nigbTbBaØtþiminpøÚvkar sRmab;skmμPaBnImYy² GacTTYl)anedaykar

RbmUlTinñn½yBIkarTMnak;TMngsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigkarsegáttamdan. RbCaCnPaKeRcIn EdlGac cat;TukCaCnbegÁalmandUcCa³ smaCikshKmn_EdlCaRkumRbwkSaCan;x<s; nigmRnþIraCkar. Gñkpþl; B½t’manRtUv)ansYrpgEdr edIm,IBN’nasegçbGMBITMenomTmøab;/RbéBNI tMENgnigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkar sRmab;skmμPaBnImYy² dUc)ankt;RtakñúgtaragENnaMkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal/RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; xageRkamenH. karEsVgyl;[sIuCeRmABIkRmitTTYlsÁal;edaysmaCikshKmn_¬x<s; mFüm b¤Tab¦ eTAelIlkçN³nImYy²én tMENg bBaØtþi TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI k_KYrykcitþTukdak;pgEdr.

karsegát KWCakarCacaM)ac; eRBaHfaB½t’manEdl)anmkBIkarsmÖasn_RKan;EtCakarqøúHbBa©aMgnUv KMnitrbs;GñksmÖasn_ KWminEmnCakarBitTaMgRsug nigqøúHbBa©aMg[\riyabfTaMgGs;enaHeT. GñkeRbI R)as;FnFan GacGnuvtþn_tMENg nigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkar edIm,IbBa¢ak;GVIEdleK)anRbtibtþi nig)anBnül;.

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr* TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI karRbtibtþitMENgminpøÚvkar

bBaØtþiminpøÚvkar kRmityl;Rsb¬x<s; mFüm Tab¦

karensaTRtItukEk hamXat;ensaTenArdUv BgkUn b¤tMbn;BgkUn

* karbegáItbBa¢IedayEp¥keTAelIdMeNIrkarskm μPaBnImYy² (KS14)

enAeBlRbmUlB½t’mansþIBIkarRKb;RKgminpøÚvkar KYrEtcMNaeBlevlaeRcIneFVIkarkt;Rta edIm,I EsVgyl;[)aneBjeljBIkarerobcMTaMgenH ehIyKYrEteRbIeBlevlabEnßmsñak;enACamYysmaCik shKmn_ edIm,IsikSa[kan;Etc,as; nigBisþareTAelIRbB½n§RKb;RKgTaMgenH. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr sRmab;Rkumkargar edIm,Iyl;dwgBIRkumnImYy² ¬GñkeRbIR)as; Gayu eynD½r GñkxageRkA¦kñúgkar Rbtibtþitam b¤min)anRbtibtþitam eTAelITMenomTmøab;/RbéBNI tMENg nigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkarTaMgenaH.


etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½y)ankt;RtakñúgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;. karviPaKbEnßm³ vasMxan;pgEdrkñúgkarGFib,ayxøI²BItMENg nigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkar TMenomTmøab;

RbéBNI EdlTak;TgnwgkareRbIR)as; nigRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñrsRmab;skm μPaBtMbn;eqñrnImYy².


TMenomTmøab; RbéBNIénkareRbIR)as; nigRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr k¾dUcCatMENg nigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkar mansar³RbeyaCn_ edIm,IbBa¢ak;ral;karb:HBal;TaMgLayénkarRKb;RKgmkelIshKmn_ nigEsVgyl; BItémøxagvb,Fm’énFnFan nigkareRbIR)as;rbs;BYkeK. karyl;dwgBItMENg nigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkar Gac eFVI[GñkRKb;RKgbegáItkm μviFIRKb;RKg EdlmankareKarBdl;RbéBNI nigTMenomTmøab; nigeFVI[RbesIr eLIgnUvviFankarGnuvtþc,ab;pøÚvkarnana sRmab;karRKbRKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. eFVIy:agenH KWGac[Gñk eRbIR)as;FnFan cUlrYmKaMRTkan;EtRbesIr nigmankardwknaMRbkbedaykarÉkPaBKña.

karyl;dwgBITMenomTmøab;nigRbéBNITaMgenH GñkRKb;RKgGacTTYlsÁal;karcUlrYmrbs;GñkeRbI R)as;FnFaneTAelIkm μviFIRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr k¾dUcCaCYykat;bnßyplb:HBal;[enAtictYc b¤k¾ K μankarb:HBal;Tal;EtesaHenAeBlGnuvtþn_eTAelIsgÁm-vb,Fm’EdlmanenAkñúgshKmn_. m:üagvij eTot karEsVgyl;BI bBaØtþi nig TMenomTmøab; GaceFVI[GñkPUmimankareKarBcMeBaHkmμviFIEdl)an erobcMenAshKmn_rbs;BYkKat; nigeFVI[GñkRKb;RKgkan;EtmanemaTn³PaBcMeBaHkmμviFIRKb;RKgeday mankarcUlrYm.

bEnßmBIenH tMENg nigbBaØtþieRkApøÚvkar Gacpþl;viFIsaRsþCalkçN³RbéBNI dl;karkarBarFn FanFmμCati dUcCa³ rdUvbiTensaT nigtMbn;hamXat; ehIyk_GacbBa©ÚlsmahrNkmμEpnkarRKb;RKg sRmab;tMbn; edaymanCalkçN³RKb;RKgtamEbbpøÚvkarpgEdr. karyl;dwgBI tMENg nigbBaØtþi eRkA pøÚvkar nigTMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI énRkumBak;B½n§nana CYybegáInTMnak;TMng nigkareKarBKñarvagGñk Bak;B½n§TaMgLay BiesselITMnas;EdlGacekItmankñúgtMbn;sikSa. tamry³karpSBVpSaybBaØtþi nig TMenomTmøab;TaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkar GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLayGacCYydl;GñkRKb;RKg kñúgkarbegáIt cMeNHdwgsmahrNkmμ nigBüayambBa¢ÚlbBaðaTaMgenaHeTAkñúgkm μviFIRKb;RKg.


K34: karelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ ¼ COMMUNITY INCENTIVES etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karelIkTwkcitþshKmn_Tak;TgeTAnwgkmμviFIelIkTwkcitþEdlman edIm,IbegáInkarcUlrYmrbs;

shKmn_kñúgkareFVI[RbesIrdl;karRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. vaGacrYmman karcMNayeTAelI karsñak;enACamYyshKmn_ ¬dUcCa³ dkPaKryEdl)anBIeTscredIm,Ibg;cUlmUlniFishKmn_¦ fvikarnigKeRmag\NTansRmab;shKmn_.


B½t’manKWRtUv)anRbmUlBIGñkpþl;smÖasn_ dUcCa³ tMNagGñkBak;B½n§ GñkRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr RbFansmaKmsNæaKar RbFansmaKmGñkensaT .l. karTTYlB½t’manBIGñksmÖasn_ RtUvcuHbBa¢I nUvGVIEdl)anelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ ehIyGac[BYkKat;eRbIsRmab;begáInkarGPirkSEdlmanRbeyaCn_ dl;shKmn_ nigbegáInkarcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§kñúgskmμPaBRKb;RKg.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½y)ankt;RtakñúgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal /RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUc)an

bgðajxageRkamenH.

RkumGñkBak;B½n§ RbePTsRmab;elIkTwkcitþsNæaKarFM² bg; 30 duløaGaemrik sRmab;karsñak;enA1yb; CUnmUlniFishKmn_ mCÄmNÐlEhlTwk bg;R)ak;muCTwkcUlmUlniFishKmn_EdlEfrkSatMbn;karBarsmuRTGñkensaT CYy]btßmÖelItémølb nigkat;bnßykareRbIR)as;GYnFM²EdlGnuBaØatiedaymRnþIClpl

karviPaKbEnßm³ eRbobeFobelIkarERbRbYlkñúgkarelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ nigbMErbMrYlkñúgkRmit b:HBal; RbePTénkareRbIR)as; (K16) nigKMrUénkareRbIR)as; (K20) ry³eBlknøgmk.


karyl;dwgBIkmμviFIelIkTwkcitþEdlmanRsab; KWmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkMNt;ral;ehtu b:HBal;eTAelIkarRKb;RKgFnFankñúgtMbn;sikSa. GñkRKb;RKgGaceFVIkarvas;sÞg;nUvRbePTénkargar elIkTwkcitþ CaCagGñkdéT ehIyvamansar³sMxan;pgEdrkñúgkarbegáInkarcUlrYmGñkBak;B½n§kñúgskmμ


PaBRKb;RKg. karyl;dwgelIeRKagkarN_TaMgenH nwgbegáIntmøaPaBénkareRbIR)as;kñúgshKmn_. ]TahrN_ karbegáIncMeNHdwgGñkBak;B½n§sþIBIkarelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ GacCYy[GñkBak;B½n§eBjcitþ nigcUlrYmdl;karelIkTwkcitþTaMgenH. K35: kareBjcitþ nigkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ ¼ STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION AND

SATISFACTION etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

kareBjcitþ nigkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ KWCaTMhMvisalPaB énkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaCn kúñgkar RKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr ¬karseRmccitþ nigRbtibtþi¦ nigfaetIkareBjcitþrbs;BYkeKmandl;kRmitNaeTA karcUlrYm. skmμPaBRbtibtþirYmmanskmμPaBTaMgLay dUcCakarGnuvtþ karpSBVpSaycMeNHdwg nig karRtYtBinitü.


karcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ ¬ecjBIkarmincUlrYm rhUtdl;mankarcUlrYmeBjelj¦ nigkar eBjcitþ ¬x<s; mFüm Tab¦ GacTTYl)antamry³karsmÖasn_CnbegÁal m®nIþkñúgshKmn_ RbFan shKmn_ GgÁkarédKUBak;B½n§ buKÁlikRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigRkumeKaledAEdltMNag[GñkBak;B½n§nana. karkt;RtaenAkúñgtaragENnaMkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal / RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; dUcbgðajxageRkam. CnbegÁalRtUv)ansaksYr BIkRmiténkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ kñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþRKb;RKg tMbn;eqñr nigGnuvtþn_ral;skm μPaBnana ¬1=minmankarcUlrYm nig 5=karcUlrYmskmμeBjelj¦ nig kRmiteBjcitþkñúgkarcUlrYm ¬x<s; mFüm Tab¦.

RkumBak;B½n§* skmμPaB** karcUlrYmedayGñkBak;B½n§¬1 eTA 5 ¦***

kRmiteBjcitþénkarcUlrYm¬x<s; mFüm Tab¦

GñkensaT karseRmccitþ 3 x<s; karRtYtBinitü 1 mFüm

karGnuvtþ 2 Tab GñkTijplensaT karseRmccitþ 1 mFüm

karRtYtBinitü 1 x<s; karGnuvtþ 1 mFüm

* karbegáItbBa¢IRkumBak;B½n§ edIm,IkMNt;GñkBak;B½n§ (K26)

** karbegáItbBa¢IskmμPaBRKb;RKg RsbtamEpnkarRKb;RKg (K29)

*** 1=K μankarcUlrYm 5=karcUlrYmedayskmμ


karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ karcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ GacTTYl)antamry³karsegátelIkic© RbCuMRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr edIm,IBinitüemIlfamanGIVekIteLIg ebIédKUBak;B½n§cUlrYmkúñgkic©RbCuM nigbeBa©j mtiBYkeK ehIyedIm,IbBa¢ak;ebIsinCaKMnitrbs;BYkeKRtUv)anBicarNaedayRkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg. Rkum kargarKYrEtEsVgrk nigGegátfaetIehtuGVI)anCaRbCaCnminsUvsb,aycitþCamYykRmitcUlrYmrbs;BYk eK ehIyGVIxøHKYreFVIkarpøas;bþÚr nigeFVIy:agemþc.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) karkt;RtaTinñn½y EdlmanenAkúñgtaragviPaKénkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal/RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;

dUc)anbgðajxagelI. karviPaKTinñn½ybEnßm³ karGFib,ayxøI²GacRtUv)anBnül;BIkRmit nigRbePTénkarcUlrYmrbs; édKUBak;B½n§enAkúñgkarseRmccitþelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr.


karcUlrYmy:agskmμrbs;édKUBak;B½n§enAkúñgkarseRmccitþ kñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrGacbegIán PaBeCaKC½yénskm μPaBRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. ebIsinCaédKUBak;B½n§mankarcUlrYmeRcInenAkúñgkarseRmc citþelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigmanGarm μN_Cam©as;kmμsiTi§elIdMeNIrkarTaMgenaH BYkeKR)akdCaKaMRT kan;EteRcIneTAelIskmμPaBRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. karKaMRTedayGñkBak;B½n§manPaBsMxan;Nas; sRmab; karRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrRbkbedayPaBeCaKC½y.

tamry³karcUlrYmRtYtBinitüry³eBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjRbsiT§iPaBénkmμviFI y:agdUcemþc ehIyGacelIkTwkcitþ[GñkBak;B½n§[cUlrYmRKb;RKgkñúgkarseRmceKalbMNgBYkeK. kRmiteBjcitþRtYtBinitüedayGñkBak;B½n§ CamYykRmitcUlrYmrbs;BYkeK kñúgdMeNIrkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nwgpþl;karqøúHbBa©aMgBIkareBjcitþedayGñkBak;B½n§ nigkarKaMRTRbkbedaynirnþrPaB kñúgkmμviFIRKb;RKg nigkarciBa©wmCIvit.

kRmitcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§ KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkaryl;dwgBIsar³RbeyaCn_énFnFan tMbn;eqñrsRmab;saFarN³Cn. FnFanNaEdlRbCaCn[témøkan;Etx<s; FnFanenaHRtUvEtmankar cUlrYmRKb;RKgkan;EtxøaMgpgEdr. vaGacmanFnFandéTeTotdUcCa³ vibtþisßanPaB ¬karkMBb;eRbg¦ b:uEnþCaTUeTA kRmitkarcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§GacbgðajBIsar³sMxan;énFnFan.


kRmiténkareBjcitþ nigkarcUlrYmRtYtBinitü KW)anpþl;[GñkBak;B½n§nUv»kasqøúHbBa©aMgdl;Gñk RKb;RKgeTAelIdMeNIrkarRKb;RKg ehIyvak¾pþl;[GñkBak;B½n§ edIm,ICYydl;GñkRKb;RKg[xitxMykcitþ Tukdak;eTAelIGñkBak;B½n§Cak;lak;pgEdr.

K36: GgÁkarshKmn_ nigédKUBak;B½n§ ¼ COMMUNITY AND STAKEHOLDERS

ORGANIZATION etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

GgÁkarshKmn_ nigédKUBak;B½n§ mann½ysRmab;tMNag[GñkeRbIR)as;FnFan nigGñkBak;B½n§kúñg karRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr ehIyGacman\Ti§BledaypÞal;kñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþRKb;RKg. GgÁkarTaMgenHk_GacCasßabn½TaMgpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkarpgEdr.


B½t’manBIGgÁkarshKmn_ nigédKUBak;B½n§ )anmkBIRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; karsmÖasn_Cn begÁal nigRkumeKaledA. CnbegÁal nigRkumeKaledA GacCam®nIþmkBIkariyal½yPñak;garRKb;RKg FnFantMbn;eqñr m®nIþraCkarEdlCab;Tak;TgepSg² RbFanshKmn_ smaCiknanaenAkúñgshKmn_ RbFanGñkensaT tMNagGgÁkarenAkúñgtMbn; nigtMNagEdlmkBIGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al.

dUcEdl)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragENnaMkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; sRmab;B½t’manGgÁkarnImYy² KWRtUv)anRbmUlGMBIB½t’mansßabn½TaMg GMNacpøÚvkar b¤minpøÚvkar nigk¾ dUcCa muxgarsMxan;²rbs;sßabn½pgEdr. CnbegÁalRtUv)ansYrEdrfa etIGgÁkarTaMgenaHman\Ti§Bl eTAelIbBaðaRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigbBaðashKmn_Edrb¤eT b¤k¾Kμan\Ti§BleT.

GgÁkarshKmn_ pøÚvkar b¤ minpøÚvkar tYnaTIsMxan; \T§iBl ¬eTAelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr/ bBaðashKmn_/ TaMg2/ Kμan¦


etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁal RkumeKaledA nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; KWmanbgðaj

enAkúñgtaragviPaKxagelI. karviPaKTinñn½ybEnßm³ karkMNt;cMnYnGgÁkarshKmn_ nigédKUBak;B½n§ faetImanPaBpøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkarb:unμan nigtYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusrbs;GgÁkarTaMgenaH. karKNnaPaKryGgÁkar pøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkarvamansar³sMxan;pgEdr.


karyl;BIGgÁkarshKmn_ nigédKUBak;B½n§ GacCYydl;GñkRKb;RKgkúñgkarCRmuj[mankarcUl rYm nigtMNagGñkBak;B½n§kúñgkarRKb;RKg nigeFVIesckIþseRmccitþ. lT§plRtUv)anbkRsayeLIgvijBI kRmitCIvRbvtiþshKmn_ b¤skmμPaBcUlrYmenAkúñgRbeTs b¤tMbn;. karyl;dwgBIGgÁkarTaMgenH GnuBaØati[GñkRKb;RKgkMNt;RkumepSg²Kña elIviFankarRKb;RKg nigplb:HBal;EdlRtUv)anykcitþTuk dak; edayGgÁkarTaMgenaHCamYyKña.

karyl;c,as;GMBIGgÁkarBak;B½n§epSg² k¾dUcCaGñkBak;B½n§nana nwgbegáInkaryl;dwg[kan;Et RbesIreLIgénkRmitRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigskþanuBlGMNackñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ ehIyva k¾GacbgðajnUvesckþIRtUvkarsRmab;begáInskmμPaBrYmpgEdr.

K37: \T§iBl nigGMNac ¼ POWER AND INFLUENCE etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

\T§iBl nigGMNac KWsMedAelIbuKÁl b¤RkumEdlman\T§iBlenAkñúgshKmn_ CaBiesskarkan;kab; kareRbIR)as; nigRKb;RKg FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT.

etIkarRbmUlTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to collect the data) B½t’mansþIBI \T§iBl nigGMNac KWGacTTYl)anBICnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man b¤RkumeKaledA.

GñkTaMgenHGacrYmmantMNagmkBIBak;B½n§RkumepSg² EdlCab;Tak;TgeTAnwgkarRtYtBinitüFnFan nig manynþkarkan;kab;FnFanenAkñúgshmn_. kareRCIserIsRkum nigCnbegÁalpþl;smÖasn_ RtUvepþatyk citþTukdak;eTAelI eynD½r nigGayu ehIyCaerOy²vamansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;eFVIkarBicarNa.


karRbmUlB½t’manbEnßm³ RkumkargarKYreFVIkarsegátpgEdr RbsinebImanTMnas;ekItecjBIGñk Bak;B½n§TaMgenaH. RkumeKaledAnigCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man RtUv)ansYredIm,IkMNt;BIskm μPaBnImYy² (K14) dUc)an erobrab;teTA³

erobcMbBa¢IGgÁkar b¤buKÁlmñak;² Edl)ancUlrYmkñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþeTAelIskmμPaB rbs;BYkeK ¬dUcCa³ enATIkEnøgNa eFVIenAeBlNa eFVIy:agdUcemþc ehIyGñkNaCaGñkTTYlxusRtUv elIskmμPaBTaMgenH¦?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

GñkNaeTot ¬skmμPaB Gayu eynD½r¦ ¬mincaM)ac;EtmRnþIpøÚvkarenaHeT¦ )ancUlrYmBiPakSa sRmab;karTTYlxusRtUveTAelIskmμPaBTaMgkarcMNay nigpøas;bþÚr?>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

kEnøgNa EdlBYkeKTTYlB½t’mansþIBI FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT ¬dUcCa GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al RkumkargarCYysgÁm nigkaEst>>>.l.¦>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anmkBICnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; KWmanbgðajenAkúñgtarag

viPaKeTAelI lMdab;Rkum buKÁlmñak;² RbPBB½t’man EdlRsbnwgcMnYn eBlevla Edl)ankt;sMKal;BI PaBx<s;bMput nigman\T§iBlbMput.


Rkum¼buKÁlmñak;² Edlman\T§iBl nigGMNacTUlMTUlayenAkñúgshKmn_ KWCaerOy² mansar³ sMxan;Nas;kñúgskmμPaBnImYy² edIm,IeFVI[TTYl)aneCaKC½y b¤braC½ykñúgkarcUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFan tMbn;eqñrenAkñúgshKmn_. karyl;dwgBIRkum¼buKÁlTaMgenH KWGac[GñkRKb;RKgFana)anfa GñkTaMg enaH)annwgkMBugBicarNakñúgkareFVIGnþraKmn_RKb;RKg nigbegáInRbsiT§iPaBRKb;RKg.

karcat;fñak;GñkEdlman\T§iBl nigGMNac GacCYydl;smaCikshKmn_EsVgrkeLIgvijnUv kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ sRmab;skmμPaBRKb;RKgrbs;BYkeK.


ÉksarbEnßm B: karsÞg;emIllkçN³vinicä½yANNEX B: SURVEY VARIABLES (S)

RbCasaRsþRKYsar S1-8: Gayu TMnak;TMngeynD½r¼ePT karGb;rM CnPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n CMenOsasna Pasa

muxrbr TMhMRKYsar (Age, Gender/Sex Ratio, Education, Ethnicity/Caste/Tribe,

Religion, Language, Occupation, and Household Size)

etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) dUc)anBnül;enAkñúgEpñklkçN³vinicä½ymun tamry³CnbegÁal/RbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; Gayu

ePT eynD½r CnPaKtic karGb;rM CMenOsasna Pasa muxrbr TMhMRKYsar nigrcnasm½<n§ KWCamUldæanRKwH énlkçN³vinicä½yBIRbCasaRsþ. RkumkargarGaceFVIkarsegátBITMhMRKYsar nigrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKgenA kRmitRKYsarpgEdr. TMhMRKYsarKWkMNt;BIPaKryéncMnYnRKYsarshKmn_enAkñúgtMbn;sikSa. rcna sm<½n§RKYsar KWTak;TgeTAnwgRKYsarnImYy²Edlman burs b¤RsþI CaemRKYsar ¬emmay b¤k¾K μan¦. rcnasm<½n§RKYsark¾manTMnak;TMngpgEdreTAnwgmFümPaBéncMnYn burs RsþI nigkumar enAkñúgdMbUlpÞH RKYsarEtmYy.

karRbmUlB½t’manbEnßm³ enAkRmitRKYsar RkumkargarRtUvEtsYr[)anlMGitGMBIPasanana Edl BYkeKGacniyay)an nigeRbIenAkñúgRKYsar. eFVIdUcenH Gacpþl;B½t’mancMeBaHshKmn_mUldæan ehIy shKmn_GacmansßanPaBl¥kñúgkarcab;yk»kasbRBa¢abcUleTAkñúgskþanuBlEpñkeTscrN_.

Rkumkargark¾RtUvsYrpgEdrBImuxrbrxusc,ab;EdlkMBugGnuvtþn_ dUcCa karensaTxusc,ab; nig lYcrt;Bn§. kic©karTaMgenH KYrkt;sMKal;fa vaCabBaðaesIbxøaMgNas; ehIyKYrEtRtUv)anRbmUlBICn begÁalpþl;B½t’man ¬emIl K12 ¦.


B½t’manGMBIlkçN³vinicä½yRbCasaRsþTaMgenH (S1-8) RtUv)anRbmUledaykarsaksYrsmaCik TaMgGs;EdltMNagenAkúñgRKYsar. kúñgenHRkumkargarRtUvRbmUlB½t’man eTAtamlMdab;énGtþcritRbCa saRsþrbs;smaCikRKYsar KWminEmnGMBIbuKÁlpÞal;xøÜneLIy. m:üageTot RkumkargarRtUvsYr edIm,Iyk cemøIymkbMeBjkñúgtaragdUcmanxageRkamenH. smaCikRKYsarnImYy² RtUv)ankt;RtacUlenAkúñg kUeLanTImYy nigB½t’manEdlTak;TgKW)anpþl;[RtUvbMeBjenAxagsþaMCabnþbnÞab;.


smaCik RKYsar* Gayu ePT

kRmiténkarsikSa¬sYrEtGñkEdlmanGayu elIsBI 16qñaMb:ueNÑaH¦

sasna** CMenO Pasa muxrbr bzm

muxrbr bnÞab;bnSM

HH *kMNt;Gñkrs;enAkñúgRKYsarTaMgGs;eTAtameQμaH nigtYnaTI ¬dUcCaCIdUnCaedIm¦ **B½t’mansþIBIsasna GacmankarlM)akkñúgkarsYrenAkRmitRKYsar. eyIgsYrkñúgkRmitshKmn_BICnbegÁalvij HH kMNt;faGñkNaCaemRKYsar ¬dUcCa mþay¦ nigRbsinebIKat;emm:ay

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) karviPaKelImuxrbr

sRmab;karviPaKelImuxrbr dMbUgkMNt;ral;muxrbrTaMgGs; Edl)ankt;RtakMLúgeBleFIVsmÖasn_ ehIykt;RtacUleTAkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar¬emIl]TahrN_xageRkam¦. edIm,IgayRsYl EbgEckCaRkumral;muxrbrTaMgGs; muxrbrNaEdlmancMnYnticCag 5° RtUvdak;cUlkUeLanepSg².

bnÞab;mkeFIVkarKNnacMnYnmnusSsrubenAkñúgtaragRKYsar nigGñkEdl)anerobrab;BImuxrbr TaMgenHCamuxrbrTI1rbs;BYkeK ehIyKNnaPaKryRbCaCnEdleFIVkarenAkúñgmuxrbrnImYy² Camuxrbr TImYyrbs;BYkeK edayEbgEckeTAnwgcMnYnRbCaCnEdl)ankt;RtasRmab;muxrbrnImYy² edaysrub cMnYnRbCaCn ral;RKYsarTaMgGs;Edl)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar Edl)anbgðaj xageRkam.

karENnaMdUcKñaEdr cMeBaHkarKNnamuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM edaydMbUgeFIVkarKNnacMnYnsrubén smaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;Edl)ankt;RtamuxrbrNamYyCarbrbnÞab;bnSMrbs;BYkeK. bnÞab;mkKNna PaKryéncMnYnsmaCikRKYsarEdl)ankt;RtanUvmuxrbrNamYyCabnÞab;bnSMrbs;BYkeK edayeFIVkarEbg EckcMnYnRbCaCnmanmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSMnImYy² rYcsrubcMnYnsmaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;Edl)ansmÖasn_ rYckt;RtaenAkúñgtarag. minEtb:ueNÑaHkt;RtacMnYnPaKrysrubénsmaCikRKYsar rYmTaMgmuxrbrbnÞab; bnSMEdlticCag100°. enHedaysarEtsmaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;minmanmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM. enAkúñg ]TahrN_xageRkam 80° manmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM 20° Kμan. CacugeRkaybUksrubPaKrymuxrbr bnÞab;bnSMsRmab;muxrbrnImYy² edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIPaKrysrubéncMnYnsmaCikshKmn_Ep¥kelImuxrbr nImYy² dUcEdl)anbgðajenAkúñgtaragxageRkam.


cMNaM³ cMnYnsrubGacekInelIsBI100° enHedaysarEtPaKrysrubbBa©ÚlKñaénmuxrbrbzm nigbnÞab;bnSMénsmaCikRKYsar. vaGacman 2dg éncMnYnenH ebIsinCamanmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM.

muxrbr

bzm bnÞab;bnSM PaKrysma CikshKmn_ edayEp¥kelI muxrbrTaMgenH

¬bzm nigbnÞab;bnSM¦

cMnYnsmaCik RKYsarEdl )anraykñúg bBa¢Iman

¬muxrbrbzm¦

°smaCikRKYsarEdl )anraykñúg bBa¢Iman

¬muxrbrbzm¦

cMnYnsmaCikRKYsarEdl)an raykñúgbBa¢Iman

¬muxrbr bnÞab;bnSM¦

°smaCik RKYsarEdl)an

raykñúgbBa¢I man ¬muxrbr bnÞab;bnSM¦

ensaT 65 32>5° 50 25° 57>5°karbegáItsNæaKar 50 25° 20 10° 35°varIvb,kmμ 30 15° 60 30° 45°cRmuH ¬karRbmUlpáafμ eFVIksikmμ>>>¦ 5 2>5° 30 15° 17>5°

K μanmuxrbr** 50 25° 0 0° 25°srub 200 100° 100 80° 180° *kt;Rtaral;muxrbrTaMgGs;enHCamYyKñaEdl)ankt;RtaticCag 5° énsmaCikRKYsar **]TahrN_dUcCa GñkK μankargareFVI/ sisS nisitS nigGñkcUlnivtþn_

karviPaKbEnßm³ eRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenHCamYynwgTinñn½y Edl)anBICnbegÁalpþl;B½t’man nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; sþIBImuxrbr ¬K7¦ nigcMnYnPaKryénRbCaBlrdæ EdlRbkbmuxrbrbzm nigmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM. ebIsinsmÁal;eXIjfamanPaBxusKña enaHRtUvBiPakSaCamYyCnbegÁal edIm,I bBa¢ak;BImUlehtuTaMgenH ehIyRbsinebIPaBxusKñaTaMgenHminRtUv)anBnül;eTenaH KWtRmUv[mankar smÖasn_ral;RKYsarTaMgGs;CacaM)ac; edIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;nUvrcnasm<½n§énmuxrbr.

cUrcMNaMfa³ ral;Tinñn½yTTYlBICnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; RtUvEp¥kelIRbCaBlrdæ EdlkMBugmankargareFIV edayminrYmbBa©ÚlnUvRbCaCnEdlCa sisS GñkcUlnivnþn_ nigGñkEdlKμankar gareFIVenaHeT. edIm,IeFIV[karebobeFobkan;Etc,as;cMnYnPaKryRKYsar RtUveFVIkarKNnaeLIgvijeday Ep¥kelIsßitiRbCaCnmankargareFIVkñúgbBa¢IEtb:ueNÑaH ¬]Ta> minRtUvrab;bBa©ÚlsisS GñkK μankargareT¦.

karebobeFobbMErbMrYlcMnYnRbCaCnelImuxrbrnImYy²naeBlknøgmk CamYyTinñn½yénkarpøas; bþÚr elIRbePTénkareRbIR)as; ¬K16¦ kRmiténkarb:HBal; ¬K23¦ niglkçxNÐFnFannaeBlknøgmk KWedIm,IkMNt;GM;BITMnak;TMngnanarbs;va. bEnßmelIenH karKNnaénbMErbMrYlkúñgrcnasm½<n§muxrbr


naeBlknøgmk edayykPaKry nigcMnYnqñaMfIμ² dkqñaMmun² edIm,I[dwgfamankarekIneLIg fycuH b¤k¾enAdEdl.

karviPaKRbCasaRsþ³ sRmab;muxrbrbzmnImYy² cUrKNnaPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnEdlman RbePTGayu RbePTkarGb;rM RbePTCnPaKtic RbePTCMenO-sasna nigRbePTeynD½r ehIykt;Rta PaKryTaMgenHenAkñúgtaragviPaK. ¬sUmemIl]TahrN_xageRkamsRmab;taragGayu nigkarGb;rM¦.

cemøIyKitCaPaKry

muxrbrbzm Gayu 0-15

Gayu 16-25

Gayu 25-45

elIs 45

kMBugsikSaGayutic Cag 6qñaM

kMBugsikSa GayuticCag

6-9qñaM

kMBugsikSaGayuelIs

9qñaM ensaT 6° 20° 39° 35° 10° 60° 30°

karbegáItsNæaKar 0° 45° 30° 25° 5° 30° 65°

karviPaKbEnßm³ ebobeFobTinñn½yRbCasaRsþTaMgenH sRmab;ral;muxrbrEdlmanTaMgGs; CamYy Gayu ePT karGb;rM karecHGan nigsresr CMenOsasna nigTinñn½yPasa ¬K5-11¦ Edlpþl; edayGñksmÖasn_ nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab;. ebIsinkt;smÁal;eXIjfamanPaBxusKña enaHRtUv BiPakSaCamYyCnbegÁaledIm,IbBa¢ak;BImUlehtu. m:üageTot ebIPaBxusKñaTaMgenHminRtUv)anBnül;eT enaH KWtRmUv[mankarsmÖasn_ral;RKYsarTaMgGs;CacaM)ac; edIm,IbBa¢ak;[c,as;nUvRbCasaRsþrbs; shKmn_. bEnßmelIenH karGtßaFib,ayxIø²Gac)anerobcM edIm,ICakarBnül;BIGtþcriténRkumRbkbmux rbrnImYy².

karviPaKTMhMRKYsar nigrcnasm<½n§RKYsar³ KNnarkcMnYnmFüménTMhMRKYsar edaybUk bEnßmnUvcMnYnsmaCikRKYsarnImYy² ehIyEcknwgcMnYnRKYsar.


bEnßmelITinñn½yRbCasaRsþEdl)anBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½ymanRsab; Tinñn½y Edl)anBIkarcuHsÞabsÞgmti KWRtUvykmkviPaKlMGit CaBiesseTAelImuxrbrnImYy². eFVIy:agenH KW CYy[GñkRKb;RKgmankaryl;dwg GM;BIRbePTRbCaCnEdlmankargareFIVenAkúñgRbePTmuxrbrxus²Kña nigCaCMnYysRmab;bEnßm b¤bnßyelIkmμviFIRKb;RKg. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCaGñkRKb;RKgdwgfa manm©as;


varIvb,km μPaKeRcInKWCaGñkminecHGkSr nigm©as;sNæaKarPaKeRcInKWCaGñkEdlTTYl)ankarGb;rMx<s; enaHKat;¼nagGacbegIánkm μviFIGb;rMedayeRbIR)as;rUbsBaØaepSg² sRmab;m©as;varIvb,kmμ nigkm μviFIGb;rM edayEp¥kelIÉksarviTüasaRsþsRmab;m©as;sNæaKar.

sRmab;RsþIEdlCaemRKYsar BiessRsþIemm:ayCaemRKYsarPaKeRcIn manninñakarCaGñkRkIRk enAkñúgshKmn_. GñkRKb;RKgGacerobcMkm μviFIsRmab;emRKYsarTaMgenH edaykMNt;CaBiess Rkum gayTTYlrghaniP½y edIm,IeFVIkarpøas;bþÚrkñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFan. tamry³EckrMElkB½t’manTaMgenH Gac[shKmn_ nigGñkBak;B½n§CYyFanafa GñkRKb;RKgmancMeNHdwgl¥ nigKitKUr)anTUlMTUlay ehIyl¥itl¥n; EdlGacCYy[karerobcMskm μPaBRKb;RKgCamYyGñkBak;B½n§RsbnwgbribTrbs;BYkeK.

S9: RbPBcMNUlRKYsar (Household Income Sources) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) RbPBcMNUlRKYsar KWsMedAeTAelIRbPBsMxan;²éncMNUlsRmab;RKYsar. B½t’manenH k¾RtUv)an

RbmUlbEnßmpgEdr edIm,IkMNt;ral;RbPBcMNUlnanaEdlminBak;B½n§nwgmuxrbr dUcCaR)ak;beBaØIrmkBI breTs.


dUc)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragRbmUlB½t’man Tinñn½ycMNUlRKYsar)anmkedaykareFVIsmÖasn_ CamYyCnbegÁalpþl;B½t’mannImYy².

• etIcMNUlsMxan;enAkúñgRKYsarPaKeRcInrbs;Gñk)anmkBINa?

• etIcMNUlsMxan;bnÞab;enAkúñgRKYsarrbs;GñkPaKeRcIn)anmkBINa?

cUrcMNaMfa karRbmUlTinñn½yTaMgenHGaceFIV[buKÁlxøHmankarEGGn; eRBaHCaerOgbuKÁl. Rkum kargarRtUvKitBicarNaedayRbugRby½tñ BItMbn;sikSa nigkarcUlrYmrbs;smaCikshKmn_ edIm,Ic,as; fa sMNYrTaMgenHGacsYr)anb¤Gt; eTAelIBYkKat;.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sRmab;muxrbrnImYy² KNnacMnYnPaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyBIRbPBcMNUlrbrbzmsRmab;RKYsar nigcMnYnPaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyBIRbPBcMNUlrbrbnÞab;bnSMsRmab;RKYsarrbs;BYkKat; ehIybBa©ÚlcMnYn PaKryTaMgenH eTAkñúgtaragviPaK.


karviPaKbEnßm³ eRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenH CamYyTinñn½ymuxrbr ¬K12nigS7¦ edIm,IepÞogpÞat; faetIvamanmuxrbrdUcKña nigxusKñarebobNa. RtUvkt;smÁal;fa vaGacmanPaBxusKñaeTAelIRbPB cMNUlEdlminEmnCamuxrbr ¬dUcCaR)ak;beBaIØrBIeRkACaedIm¦. karBinitülT§plTaMgenHnaeBlknøg mk KWGackMNt;karERbRbYlenAkúñgPaBsMxan;énmuxrbrepSg²Kña.


B½t’manBIRbPBcMNUlbzm nigbnÞab;bnSM KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas;sRmab;bBa¢ak;BIPaB sMxan;elIFnFankñúgshKmn_. ]TahrN_ ebIsinenAkúñgshKmn_man 80°KitfakarensaT KWCa RbPBcMNUl bzm b¤bnÞab;bnSM enaHkarcg¥úlbgðajR)ab;[dwgfa shKmn_PaKeRcInBwgEp¥kx<s;eTAelI karensaT nigFnFansmuRTedaypÞal;. tamry³begáInkaryl;dwg[kan;EtsIuCeRmAeTAelIsar³sMxan; énskmμPaBepSg²sRmab;cMNUlrbs;BYkeK shKmn_GacCYyCUndMNwgdl;GñkRKb;RKgedIm,IbegáIn skmμPaBRKb;RKg k¾dUcCaeFVIkarKitKUBicarNaeTAelIehtub:HBal;nana EdlbNþalmkBIc,ab; nigbBaØtixøH eTAelICIvPaBrs;enAcMbgrbs;GñkBak;B½n§.

S10: skmμPaBRKYsar (Household Activities) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is)

skmμPaBRKYsarenAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWkMNt;eTAelIkareRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT rbs; RKYsarnImYy²kñúgtMbn;sikSa. skm μPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT rYmman³

• karensaTsRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit • karRbmUlpáaf μ • karRbmUlxSac; RKYs • eTscrN_ >>>.l.


Gñkpþl;cemøIyRtUv)ansYredIm,IkMNt;ral;kareRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT edaysmaCik enAkñúgRKYsar. B½t’manTaMgenHRtUv)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragENnaMkarsmÖasn_RKYsardUcEdl)anbgðaj.


etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) Tinñn½y)anBIkarRsavRCavtamRKYsarTaMgGs;RtUv)andak;edayELk nigdak;tamlMdab;eday

Ep¥keTAelIskm μPaBsMxan;². skm μPaBPaKeRcInEdlRtUv)anraykarN_edayRKYsarTaMgGs; KYrEt RtUv)anerobcMCamunsin nigeFVItamCabnþbnÞab;edayr)aykarN_skm μPaBmYycMnYneTot.l. B½t’man TaMgenHRtUv)ankt;Rta enAkúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar dUc)anbgðaj. karviPaKbEnßm³ karGtßaFib,ayGacBnül;xøI² BIskmμPaBrbs;RKYsareTAelItMbn;eqñr-smuRT enAkúñgshKmn_.


karkMNt;BIskmμPaBrbs;RKYsarelItMbn;eqñr-smuRT manPaBsMxan;Nas;sRmab;GñkRKb;RKg edIm,Iyl;dwgBIkareRbIR)as;epSg²KñaénFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRTenAkúñgtMbn; edayEp¥keTAelIskmμPaB Cak;lak;rbs;RKYsar.

S11. TMnij nigesvakm μrbs;RKYsar (Household Good and Services) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWplitplBiessEdlRtUv)anplitBIskmμPaBrbs;RKYsar

enAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT rYmTaMgTMnijEdldkhUt mandUcCa³ RtI eQIekagkag plitplpáafμ nigxSac; nigesvakmμminGacplit)anmanskmμPaBeTscrN_ karkMsanþ nigvarIvb,kmμ.


viFIsaRsþviPaKTinñn½y

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data)

Tinñn½yBIkarRsavRCavral;RKYsarTaMgGs; RtUv)an

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigEdnsmuRT

TMnij nigesvakm μ tMbn;eqñr

nigEdnsmuRT

1> karensaT RtItukEk

mwk bgÁa

2> eTscrN_ karbegáItsNæaKarkarmuCTwkkMsanþkarsÞÚcRtIkMsanþ

GñkeqIøytbRtUv)ansYredIm,IkMNt;ral;TMnij nig esvakmμTaMgGs;Edl)anplitecjBIskmμPaBrbs;RKYsar nImYy²enAtMbn;eqñr-smuRT. B½t’manTaMgenH RtUv)ankt; RtaenAkúñgtaragENnaMkarsmÖasn_RKYsardUc)anbgðaj.


dak;edayELk nigtamlMdab;eday ehIyEp¥keTAelIPaB sMxan;PaKeRcInrbs;TMnij nigesvakmμ tMbn;eqñr-smuRT EdlRsg;ecjBIskmμPaBnImYy²rbs;RKYsar. TMnij nigesvakm μRtUv)anraykarN_ edayRKYsarTaMgGs; KYrEtRtUv)anerobcMCamunsin nigeFVItamCabnþbnÞab;edayr)aykarN_BITMnij nigesvakmμmYycMnYneTot.l. B½t’manTaMgenHRtUv)ankt;Rta enAkñúgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar dUcEdl)anbgðaj. karviPaKbEnßm³ karGtßaFib,ayGacBnül;xøI²BITMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT rbs; RKYsarenAkúñgshKmn_.


B½t’manBITMnij nigesvakm μkmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRTrbs;RKYsar KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas;sRmab; bBa¢ak;ral;karb:HBal;TaMgLayénkarRKb;RKg BiessTIpSar nigplitkmμmanelIRKYsarkúñgtMbn;sikSa. CalT§plTMhMénkarRKb;RKgGacmankarpøas;bþÚrelITMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT Edl)anplit enAkúñgtMbn; TaMgkarb:HBal;viC¢man nigGviC¢maneTAelIRKYsar. ]TahrN_ ebItMbn;karBarFmμCatismuRT mankarpSBVpSayGMBIeTscrN_enAkúñgtMbn; enaHKYrEtRtUv)anrMBwgTukfa eP£óvmkmuCTwkkMsanþRtUv)an ekIneLIg nigsmaCikRKYsarkan;EteRcIn nwgpøas;bþÚrmkRbkbrbrCUneP£óvmuCTwkvij.

S12: RbePTénkareRbIR)as; (Type of Use) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) RbePTénkareRbIR)as; KWCakarkMNt;CaBiesselIviFIsaRsþCak;lak; b¤karbgáItmuxrbr ¬dUcCa³

lb sMNaj; pÞHsMNak; ]bkrN_muCTwk sRmab;TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy² ¬sUmemIlRbePTénkareRbIR)as; ¬K16¦sRmab;B½t’manbEnßm¦.


Gñkpþl;cemøIyRtUv)ansYredIm,IkMNt;BIviFIsaRsþCak;lak; b¤k¾karbegáItmuxrbreRbIR)as;sRmab; TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy². B½t’manTaMgenH RtUv)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragENnaM karsmÖasn_RKYsar dUc)anbgðajxageRkamenH.


skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT viFIsaRsþ

1> karensaT RtItukEk lb sMNaj; TUkeRbIsnÞÚc

mwk snÞÚc sμñrcak; RtIkamug GUsGYn

2> karRbmUldMupáafμ dMupáafμ TMBk;kay

3> eTscrN_ karbegáItsNæaKar pÞHsMNak;RKb;RbePT karmuCTwkkMsanþ ]bkrN_muCTwk karsÞÚcRtIkMsanþ TUkcMNuH 25nak;

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) Tinñn½yBIkarRsavRCavral;RKYsarTaMgGs;RtUv)andak;edayELk nigdak;tamlMdab; edayEp¥k

eTAelIPaBsMxan;PaKeRcInénTMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT EdlRsg;ecjBIskmμPaBnImYy² rbs;RKYsar. TMnijnigesvakmμ RtUv)anraykarN_edayRKYsarTaMgGs; KYrEtRtUv)anerobcMCamunsin nigeFVItamCabnþbnÞab;edayr)aykarN_BITMnij nigesvakm μmYycMnYneTot.l. B½t’manTaMgenH RtUv)an kt;RtaenAkñúgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar dUcEdl)anbgðaj.

karviPaKbEnßm³ karGtßaFib,ayGacBnül;xøI²BITMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT rbs;RKYsar enAkúñgshKmn_.


B½t’manGMBIRbePTénkareRbIR)as; KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; CaBiesssRmab;kMNt;BIkar KRmamkMEhg dUcCa³ karensaTedayeRbIR)as;RKab;Ebk b¤karkab;éRBekagkag eTAelIFnFantMbn; eqñr-smuRT. edaymankarRtYtBinitüB½t’manTaMgenHnaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjpgEdr BIkarRKb;RKgEdlGacmankarb:HBal;eTAelIRbePTénkareRbIR)as;TaMgenH. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCa kmμviFIRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr manCaGaT× yuT§nakardaMedImekagkageLIgvij b:uEnþkarkab;edImekagkagenAEt manskm μPaB enaHmann½yfa yuT§nakarenHKWmin)anCYyTb;sáat;karkab;edImekagkagbnþeLIy. B½t’manenHk¾GacCYybBa¢ak;BIRbsiTi§PaBénkmμviFIRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrpgEdr. karyl;dwgBIIRbePTénkar eRbIR)as; EdlekIteLIgenAtMbn;sikSa KWedIm,IEsVgrk nigbegIánkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ nigpþl; kmμviFIcMeNHdwgkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. GñkRKb;RKgRtUvdwgGMBIcMnYnRbCaCnEdlmankarTak;TgeTA


nwgFnFany:agdUcemþc edIm,IeFIVkar nigTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkTaMgenaH kñúgkarTb;sáat;karKRmamkMEhg cMeBaHFnFan.

S13: karEsVgrkTIpSarRKYsar (Household Market Orientation) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karEsVgrkTIpSarRKYsar KWCakarkMNt;TIpSadMbUgsRmab;dak;lk;plitpltMbn;eqñrsmuRT Edl

)anplitedayRKYsarnImYy². B½t’manBIRKYsarTaMgenHGacRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,IbBa¢ak; BIkarEsVgrk TIpSa énshKmn_TaMgmUl.


sRmab;TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRTEdlRKYsarnImYy²)ancUlrYm Gñkpþl;cmøIyRtUv )ansYredIm,IkMNt;TIpSarbzmEdl)andak;lk;plitpl ¬TIpSarGnþrCati Cati tMbn; b¤mUldæan¦. cemøIyRtUv)ankt;RtaenAkúñgtaragENnaMkarsmÖasn_RKYsaredIm,ICakarbgðaj. Rkumkargark¾RtUvkMNt; pgEdr BIkarEsVgrkTIpSarEdlmanGaTiPaB ¬TIpSarGnþrCati Cati tMbn; b¤mUldæan¦ edIm,IFanaPaBsIu sgVak;KñanwgkareqøIytb.

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñr-muRT

viFIsaRsþ eKaledATIpSar

1> karensaT RtItukEk lb sMNaj; kñúgtMbn;

mwk GUsGYn/ sMNaj; kñúgmUldæan bgÁa GUsGYn kñúgtMbn;

2> karRbmUlpáaf μ dMupáafμ TMBk;kay kñúgtMbn;

3> eTscrN_ karbegáItsNæaKar pÞHsMNak;RKb;RbePT fñak;GnþrCati karmuCTwkkMsanþ ]bkrN_muCTwk fñak;Cati karsÞÚcRtIkMsanþ TUkcMNuH 25nak; fñak;mUldæan

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) eFIVbBaI¢raymuxTMnij nigesvakmμTaMgenaH ehIyKNnacMnYnPaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyBITMnij nig

esvakmμnImYy² Edl)andak;lk;enAelITIpSarGnþrCati TIpSarCati tMbn; nigmUldæan. B½t’manenHRtUv )ankt;RtaenAkñúgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar dUc)anbgðajxageRkam. karkMNt;niymn½yRbePT


TIpSar ¬TIpSarGnþrCati Cati tMbn; b¤mUldæan¦KYrEteFVIkarkt;sMKal; dUcmanCa]TahrN_Rsab;kñúg taragxageRkamenH.

TMnij nigesvakm μ tMbn;eqñr nigEdnsmuRT

°EdlsmÁal;enATIpSarGnþrCati

°EdlsmÁal;enATIpSarCati

°EdlsmÁal;enATIpSartMbn;

°EdlsmÁal;enATIpSarmUldæan

RtItukEk 0° 30° 40° 30° mwk 0° 15° 35° 50° bgÁa 20° 20° 35° 35°

karbegáItsNæaKar 60° 35° 3° 2° karmuCTwkkMsanþ 50° 40° 8° 2° karsÞÚcRtIkMsanþ 10° 10° 30° 50°

karviPaKbEnßm³ GtßaFib,ayxøI²BIPaBxusKñaénTIpSarEdlTMnij nigesvakmμRtUv)andak;lk;. etIkarRbmUlB½t’manGacmansar³RbeyaCn_y:agdUcemþcEdrsRmab;GñkRKb;RKg nigGñkBak;B½n§ déTeTot (How the information can be useful to managers and other stakeholders)

B½t’manBITIpSar KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; sRmab;bBa¢ak;BIkarb:HBal;TaMgRsugénkarRKb;RKg eTAelIshKmn_ BiessTIpSar nigsniþsuxes,óg. ]TahrN_ karvinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ dUcCapøÚveTAkan;TIRkugsMxan;² GacCalT§plmYyd¾RbesIredIm,IQancUleTAkúñgTIpSarCati TIpSartMbn; nig TIpSarGnþrCati. enAeBlCIvPaB nigcMNUlrbs;RbCaCnenAkúñgshKmn_ RtUv)anpSarP¢ab;eTAnwg TIpSar karEsVgrkTIpSarlk;plitplRtI KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; eRBaHvaGacdwgGMBITIkEnøgEdlpl ensaTplit)anenAkñúgtMbn;GacnaMykeTAlk;enATINa. lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH GnuBaØati[eFVIviPaKelI karERbRbYlnary³eBlknøgmkenAkúñgTIpSasRmab;plensaTsmuRT. vak¾)anbgðajBITMnak;TMngrvag GñkplitenAkúñgtMbn; nigQμ ÜjTIpSarnanapgEdr. ]TahrN_ tRmUvkarTIpSarGnþrCati Gacman\Ti§Bl eTAelIviFIRbmUlplenAmUldæan. B½t’manBIeKaledATIpSarmanRbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IkMNt;faetIman sm<aFy:agdUcemþckMBugmaneTAelIFnFan. ]TahrN_ GñkensaTGacbu:nb:geTAelIkarensaTRtI Edlmantémø x<s;enAelITIpSarGnþrCati vaGacbgðajGMBIkarpøas;bþÚrenAkúñgTIpSarplensaTnaeBlknøg mkpgEdr.


karb:HBal;elITMhMRKb;RKgGacRtUv)an)a:n;s μantamry³karERbRbYlTIpSar. ]TahrN_ TMhMén karRKb;RKgGacecjlT§plenAkúñgplitplRtIEdlmantémøx<s; EdlGacrk)anenAkúñgtMbn; ehIy RtUv)andak;lk;enAelITIpSarCati b¤TIpSarGnþrCati.

S14: kareRbIR)as;enAkñúgRKYsar (Household Uses) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) kareRbIR)as;enAkúñgRKYsarcMeBaHTMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWCaTMhMEdlRKYsar

enAkúñgtMbn;sikSa eRbIR)as;TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñrsRmab;tRmUvkarpÞal;xøÜn kMsanþ nigdak;lk;. sUc©nakrN_enaH PaKeRcInTak;Tgnwgskm μPaBEdl)andkRsg; dUcCa karensaT varIvb,kmμ.


Gñkpþl;cemøIynImYy²RtUv)ansYredIm,IkMNt;BIkareRbIR)as;CabzmnUvTMnij b¤esvakmμtMbn;eqñr sRmab;RKYsarrbs;BYkeK dUcCa³tRmUvkarpÞal;xøÜn skmμPaBkMsanþ b¤sRmab;lk; Edl)ankt;Rtabgðaj enAkúñgtaragxageRkamenH.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RbsinebIsnþisuxes,ógmankarBak;B½n§ enaHB½t’manEdlRtUvTTYlKYrEt sYredayTak;TgedaypÞal; eTAnwgbBaða snþisuxes,óg. B½t’mank¾GacsYr pgEdr BIlMdab;FnFanEdlpþl;RbUetGIun eday epþatsMxan;eTAelItémø ¬]Ta> etItémøRtI TabbMputéføb:unμankñúg1KILÚRkam?¦ edIm,I EsVgyl;BIlMdab;éntémøRtI nigplitpl déTeTotEdl)ancab; nigykmkpÁt;pÁg; tRmUvkarenAkRmitRKYsar. B½t’mank¾RtUv sYrpgEdr faetIkñúgmYyGaTitü b¤kñúgmYyEx BYkKat;RtUvkarplitplsmuRT nigsac;déT²eTotb:unμanKILÚRkamEdr sRmab;RKYsarrbs;Kat; dUcCa³ RtI sac;RCUk eKa man; ecom .l. rdUvkalsRmab;skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr KYrEtBicarNapgEdr enAeBl eFVIkarBinitüsegáttémøplitplFnFansmuRT nigtRmUvkarrbs;BYkeK. sMNYrk¾RtUvKitpgEdr elI

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr-smuRT


kareRbIR)as;rbs;RKYsar

1> karensaT RtItukEk tRmUvkarpÞal;xøÜn

mwk lk;bgÁa lk;

2> karRbmUlRKYsFM² nigxSac;

dMupáafμFM² nigxSac; tRmUvkarpÞal;xøÜn

niglk;

2> eTscrN_ karbegáItsNæaKar lk;karmuCTwkkMsanþ lk;karsÞÚcRtIkMsanþ skmμPaBkMsanþ


plitplsmuRTEdlGacrk)ansRmab;tRmUvkarRKYsareBjmYyqñaM CaBiessplitplNaxøHEdlpþl; CatiRbUetGIunehIyCaFnFanEdlmantémøTab.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) dUcKñanwglkçN³vinicä½ykarEsVgrkTIpSarrbs;RKYsarEdr raybBa¢ImuxTMnij nigesvakmμTaMgGs;

ehIyKNnacMnYn nigPaKryGñkpþl;cemøIy Edl)ankt;RtaTMnij nigesvakm μnImYy² sRmab;eRbICa tRmUvkarpÞal;xøÜn karkMsanþ nigsRmab;lk;. B½t’manTaMgenHmankúñgtaragviPaKkarsmÖasn_RKYsar.

RbsinebIsMNYrTak;TgnwgPaBeLIgcuHcMeBaHtRmUvkarplitplsmuRT RkumGñkeqøIytbRtUvpþl; B½t’man[smeTAtamPaBeLIgcuHéntRmUvkar ¬dUcCa³ eRcInCa3dgkñúg1GaTitü b¤1GaTitüb:uEnþtic Cag3dg b¤k¾ 1 eTA 2 dg kñúg 1Ex b¤ ticCag 1 dgkñúg 1Ex b:uEnþeTogTat; b¤eTAelI»kashuc[ b¤k¾ K μanTal;EtesaH¦. eFVIdUcKñaenHEdr cMeBaHsMNYrTak;TgnwgFnFanpþl;RbUetGIun. bnÞab;mk KNna cMnYnPaKryénRKYsar enAkñúgRbePTnImYy²sRmab;eFVIkarBinitüsegátFnFanepSg²Edlpþl;RbUetGIun. eRbobeFobPaBeLIgcuHéntRmUvkareTAelI RtI nigsac;nana. eFVIkarBinitüemIlPaBERbRbYlknøgmk ehIyeRbobeFobkarERbRbYlTaMgenH cMeBaHtRmUvkarRtI nigsac; sRmab;RbUetGIun CamYynwg sMPar³ sRmab;beRmI[karrs;enA (S28) nigBinitüemIlfaetIvamanTMnak;TMngKñaEdrb¤eT. karviPaKbEnßm³ vasMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarBiBN’naBIkareRbIR)as;TMnij nigesvakm μFnFantMbn; eqñr-smuRT énRKYsarepSg² k¾dUcCaenAkñúgshKmn_TaMgmUl eTAelIRbPBFnFanRbUetGIunepSg² nig témørbs;vaenAkñúgshKmn_mUldæanenH.


B½t’manBIkareRbIR)as;TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñrrbs;RKYsarpþl;nUvkaryl;dwgy:agc,as;GMBI RKYsaredayEp¥keTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñrsRmab;eFIVCaGahar nigsRmab;rkcMNUl. dUcenH vamanPaB sMxan;Nas; edIm,Iyl;GMBIbBaðaénsniþsuxes,ógenAkúñgRKYsar. B½t’manTaMgenH GacmanRbeyaCn_ edIm,Iyl;BITMhMénkarRKb;RKg EdlGacmankarb:HBal;eTAelICIvPaBrs;enArbs;GñkeRbIR)as;FnFan nigsniþsuxes,ógrbs;RKYsarnImYy²y:agdUcemþcEdr. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCaplitplEdlcab;)an KW eRbIR)as;CatRmUvkarbzmsRmab;RKYsar enaHkardak;kMhiteTAelIkarensaTGacRtUvrMBwgfa man\Ti§Bl eTAelIGaharEdlBYkKat;rk)an ehIyk¾Gacmankarb:HBal;dl;sniþsuxes,ógrbs;RKYsarpgEdr.


karBinitüsegát eTAelIPaBeLIgcuHéntRmUvkarRtI nigFnFansmuRTdéTeTot GacbegáIn[ karyl;dwgdl;GñkRKb;RKg eTAelIkarBwgGaRs½yénFnFantMbn;eqñr sRmab;shKmn_TaMgmUl. enA eBlEdlBYkeKyl;dwgkan;EtRbesIr cMeBaHkarBwgGaRs½yeTAFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT sRmab;CIvPaB rs;enA nigsnþisuxes,ógrbs;BYkeK enaHGñkBak;B½n§TaMgLay nwgGacerobcM)ankan;EtRbesIr elIkar eFVIesckþIseRmccitþnUvskm μPaBRKb;RKgnana nigdak;karBicarNax<s;eTAelIFnFansmuRTTaMgenH.

S15: K μantémøTIpSar nigK μantémøeRbIR)as; (Non-Market and Non-Use Vulues) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) K μantémøTIpSar nigKμantémøeRbIR)as;énFnFantMbn;eqñr KWCaTMhMKNna faetIRbCaCnmankRmit

yl;dwgEbbNaeTAelItémørbs;FnFantMbn;eqñrEdlminRtUv)anykeTAlk;enATIpSar ¬KμanTIpSar¦ nig témøénFnFanEdlCaEpñkmYyrbs;sgÁmEdlmin)aneRbIR)as;FnFanTaMgenaH¬KμankareRbIR)as;¦.

K μantémøTIpSar KWCatémøénFnFan ¬dUcCaRtI¦ nigtémøesvakmμ ¬dUcCakarmuCTwkkMsanþ¦ Edlmin)anCYjdUrenAelITIpSarnana. TaMgenHrYmman³ k-kareRbIR)as;edaypÞal; dUcCa³ GñkmuCTwk kMsanþeFIVeTscrmuCTwkCalkçN³ÉkCn nig x-kareRbIR)as;edayRbeyal dUcCa³ muxgarKaMRTeday EpñkCIvsaRsþbrisßan kúñgkarbegIátsarFatuciBa¢wm CRmkRtI nigCarnaMgkarBareqñr-smuRT BIxül;BüúH. FnFanEdleKEtgcat;faKμantémøeRbIR)as; KWminRtUv)ancUlrYmCamYykareRbIR)as; nigCamYyCeRmIs témønanaeLIy ¬karyl;dwgBItémøFnFan KWGaceFVIkarseRmccitþ edIm,IeRbIR)as;vaenAeBlNamYy naéf¶mux¦ témøTukCaekr×þtMENl ¬karyl;dwgBItémøFnFan EdlTukeRbIsRmab;mnusSCMnan;eRkayna eBlGnaKt¦ nigtémøsRmab;karrs;enA ¬karyl;dwgBItémøFnFan faFnFansißtenAkúñglkçxNÐmYy BitR)akd¦.


TsSn³KitfaFnFanTaMgenaH KμanTIpSar nigKμantémøsRmab;eRbIR)as; KWRKan;EtCaRTwsþI nigCa karsnμt. tam]tþmKtiGñkesdækic© )anENnaM[mankarvaytémøeTAelIlkçN³vinicä½yFnFanTaMgenH cab;taMgBIRTwsIþesdækic©RtUv)aneRbIedaysarmanPaBCMBak;vak;vinKña. eFIVkarkt;smÁal;fa enAkúñgtMbn; PaKeRcIn Gñkesdækic©mYycMnYnminGacerobcM[)aneKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm edIm,Iyl;dwgBITsSn³Tanrbs;RbCaCnedayEp¥kelIkRmitnImYy²eT. dMeNaHRsayenH KWRtUvkareRbI sMNYr EdlCab;Tak;Tgt²KñaeTAnwgkaryl;dwgepSg²rbs;RbCaCnfaetI FnFanTaMgenHvaK μantémø


sRmab;TIpSaredaypÞal;y:agNaenaH ¬dUcCa³ muxgarKaMRTénCIvsaRsþbrisßan¦ nigvaKμantémøsRmab; eRbIR)as;enaH Tak;TgnwgtémøTukCaekrþ×tMENl nigtémøsRmab;karrs;enA. karEføgR)ab;GMBIesaP½NÐ PaB karEfrkSaFnFansmuRTsRmab;ek μgCMnan;eRkay } sRmab;eBlevlasb,ayrIkrayelgTwk} RBmTaMgTMnij nigesvakm μnanaBIsuxmalPaBbrisßantMbn;eqñr KYrEtEsVgyl;pgEdr.

krNImYyeTotedIm,IRbmUlB½t’mansþIBI FnFanEdlKμantémøeRbIR)as; KWRtUvsYreTAsmaCik shKmn_tMbn;eqñr ¬ekμg² RsþI nigGñkensaT¦ tamry³karyl;eXIjedaypÞal;rbs;BYkeKeTAelI RbB½n§eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñr-smuRT dUcCa³ páafμ nigsYrBYkeKfa etItémøénRbB½n§eGkULÚsIuenHmanGVIxøH. cMeBaHB½t’manEdlTTYl)anmkenH KYrdak;CaRkumeTAtamRbePTepSg²rbs;va énFnFanEdlBYkeK cat;TukfaKμantémøeRbIR)as;.

tamry³esckþIraykarN_TaMgenHedayGñkpþl;B½t’man KWtRmUv[mankarbEnßmb¤bnßy cMeBaH B½t’mansþIBIFnFan nigskmμPaBEdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;nImYy². Gñkpþl;cemøIyGacRtUv)ansaksYr edIm,I bgðajBIkRmitEdlBYkeKyl;Rsb b¤bdiesFeTAelIesckþIEføgR)ab;CabnþbnÞab;. Gñkpþl;cemøIyRtUv)an sYrpgEdrfa ebIsinCaBYkeKmankaryl;RsbTaMgRsug¬5¦ yl;Rsb¬4¦ minyl;Rsb¬3¦ bdiesF¬2¦ b¤bdiesFdac;xat¬1¦ eTAelIkaresckþIEføgR)ab;nUvB½t’mannImYy². (a). páaf μmansar³sMxan;sRmab;karBardIeKakBIBüúHrlk ¬témøedayRbeyal KμantémøTIpSa¦ (b). naeBlGnaKtkarensaTkan;EtRbesIreLIg ebIeyIgnaMKñabMpøajpáaf μ ¬témøeday

Rbeyal K μantémøTIpSar¦ (c). ebIéRBekagkagmin)ankarBareT enaHeyIgnwgK μanRtIsRmab;cab;teTAeToteLIy ¬témø

edayRbeyal K μantémøTIpSar¦ (d). páafμmanRbeyaCn_sRmab;EtRtI nigmuCTwkelgkMsanþEtb:ueNÑaH ¬K μantémøeRbIR)as;

sRmab;karrs;enA¦ (e). ´cg;eXIjGñkCMnan;eRkay TTYl)anRbeyaCn_BIéRBekagkag nigpáafμ ¬K μantémøeRbI

R)as; témøTukekrþ×tMENl¦ (f). kareFVIensaTKYrEtdak;bTbBaØtþikMNt;RBMEdn[)anc,as;las; nigminGnuBaØtþ[

nrNamñak;; eFVIkarensaTenAtMbn;enaHeLIy edIm,ITuksRmab;RtI nigpáafμ lUtlas;Etb:ueNÑaH ¬témøeRbIR)as;sRmab;karrs;enA¦


(g). eyIgKYrEtbegáItbTbBaØtþikMNt;RBMEdnkarBartMbn;eqñrmYycMnYn edIm,IkUnecACMnan; manbrisßanFm μCatisRmab;kMsanþ ¬témøeRbIR)as;Tukekrþ×tMENl¦

(h). es μAsmuRTKμantémøsRmab;RbCaCneRbIR)as;eLIy ¬témøeRbIR)as;sRmab;karrs;enA¦

cUrkt;smÁal;fa esckþIsresrerobrab;;xagelIenH hak;bIdUcyl;RsbTaMgRsug eTAelIGVIEdl )anecaTsYr ehIyvaGacbgðajPaBRtwmRtUv b¤PaBeCOCak;CaviC¢man)an luHRtaEtkarbgðajR)ab; mYyepSgeTot )anbBa¢ak;famanlkçN³pÞúyKñaeTAvij. TaMgenHRtUv)aneFVIeLIg edIm,IRtYtBinitücemøIy EdlGñkpþl;cemøIymankar yl;Rsb b¤bdiesF. esckþIEføgTaMgenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedayeqøaH² edayykcitþTukdak;eTAelIRbePTsMxan;xus²Kña. karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ PaBBiR)akdéntMbn;eqñr-smuRT Tak;TgeTAnwgskm μPaB b¤vtßúnana Edlmansar³RbeyaCn_CatémøviC¢aCIv³cMeBaHshKmn_. Gñkpþl;cemøIyGacRtUv)ansYr [erobrab;BI bBa¢IskmμPaB b¤vtßúnanaenAkñúgshKmn_ ¬dUcCa³ karensaT vtþ¼vihar páaf μ>>>¦ ehIyeFVIkarcat;fñak; vtßúTaMgenaHeTAtamRbePT Edlmansar³sMxan;sRmab;shKmn_. CaBiess B½t’manTaMgenHmansar³ RbeyaCn_Nas; sRmab;kMNt;skm μPaB nigvtßúnana EdlminsUvmansar³sMxan;sRmab;karciBa©wmCIvit b:uEnþ vaGacRtUv)anBicarNapgEdr faCaEpñkmYyCYyRTRTgdl;karrs;enArbs;shKmn_. ]TahrN_ tMbn;ensaTmYyRtUv)anEkERb[eTACatMbn;eTscrN_ EteTaHCay:agNashKmn_enAEtmanGarmμN_fa karensaTenAEtCaEpñkmYyCYydl;karrs;enArbs;shKmn_ eTaHbIvaminsßitenACaRbPBcMNUlbzm sRmab;karciBa¢wmCIvirbs;shKmn_k¾eday.

sMNYrTRmg;ebIk¼biT GacsYredIm,ITTYl)ankaryl;dwgeBjelj GMBIPaBsMxan;rbs;FnFan nigkareRbIR)as;;rbs;va dUcCa³ ebIsinpáafμ)at;bg; etIGñknwgCYbRbTHbBaðaGVIxøH? ebIsinCaplensaT mankar)at;bg; etIGñknwgCYbRbTHbBaðaGVIxøH? ebIsinCatMbn;eqñrEpñkkxagmuxTaMgmUlRtUv)anGPivDÆn_ etIGñknwgCYbbBaðaGVIxøH?.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) ral;sMnYrnImYy²xagelI KNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIy ral;kRmityl;RsbnImYy² ehIykt;

RtaPaKryTaMgenaHenAkúñgtaragviPaK. edIm,IbBa©ak;elIkarsnμtrbs;Gñkpþl;cemøIyfa FnFanTaMgenaH K μantémøTIpSar b¤K μantémøsRmab;eRbIR)as; KYreFIVkarBicarNaeTAelIvisalPaB EdlBYkeKyl;Rsb CamYyesckIþEføgénsMNYrTaMgenaH.


esckIþEføgénsMNYr a, b, c, e, f nig g KWCakarEføgedayviC¢man ebIsinCaGñkpþl;;cemøIy )an yl;;RsbCamYyesckIþEføgTaMgenH KWBYkeK)an[témøeTAelIFnFanTaMgenH. esckIþEføg b, d nig h

KWCakarEføgEbbGviC¢man ebIsinCaGñkpþl;cemøIy)anyl;RsbCamYyesckIþEføgTaMgenH BYkeKmin)an [témøeTAelIFnFanenaHeT. karviPaKbEnßm³ kRmiténkaryl;Rsb ¬dUcCa³ yl;RsbeBjelj nigyl;Rsb¦ GacRtUv )anbBa©ÚlKña edIm,IgayRsYlBnül;bkRsay. ]TahrN_ ebIsin 23°énGñkpþl;cemøIy )anyl; Rsby:ageBjeljCamYynwgesckIþEføgénsMNYr ehIyman 34° énGñkpþl;cemøIy )anRtwmEtyl; RsbCamYynwgesckIþEføgénsMNYr enaHRkumkargarGacsrubbBa©ÚlKña ehIyGacniyaybkRsay)anfa {Cag55°énGñkpþl;cemøIy)anyl;RsbKñafa páaf μmansar³sMxan;sRmab;karBardIeKakBIBüúHrlk}. TaMgenHmanPaBgayRsYlyl; Cagkarsþab;ral;PaKryénRbePTnImYy². vaGacmanRbeyaCn_ pgEdr edayerobcMkarBnül;segçbelIvisalPaBénkarvaytémøFnFan. eRbobeFoblT§plnaeBl knøgmk edIm,IemIl[eXIjfa GIVekIteLIgebIsinCakaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCnmankarERbRbYl.


B½t’manGMBIKμankareRbIR)as; nigKμantémøTIpSa KWmanRbeyaCn_edIm,Iyl;dwgGMBIkarvaytémø rbs;RbCaCneTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñredayrebobNa. CaerOy² karvaytémøepþateTAelIPaBdac;eday ELkeTAelItémøEdlTak;TgnwgTIpSar dUcCakRmitkargar R)ak;cMNUl nigplRbeyaCn_. tamry³ karyl;dwgBITsSn³yl;eXIjeTAelIFnFanKμantémøeRbIR)as; nigK μantémøTIpSar GñkRKb;RKgGac begáInkaryl;dwgeBleljeTAelItémøsrubrbs;FnFan. GtßRbeyaCn_TaMgenH KWsRmab;Bnül;GMBI sar³sMxan;rbs;FnFan nigkarkarBar eTAdl;GñkbegIáteKalneya)ay nigsaFarNCnTUeTA nig eFVIkarvas;sÞg;BIkarKaMRTrbs;saFarN³CnkúñgkarRKb;RKg ehIyk¾Gac)anbgðajfa FnFansmuRTman plitplCaeRcInEdl)anTijnigdak;lk;. TsSn³yl;eXIjTaMgenH GacmanRbeyaCn_pgEdr sRmab; begáItnUvkmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg eRBaHfaGñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIkRmityl;dwgrbs;RbCaCn eTAelI FnFan favaCa TMnij nigesvakmμ b¤RKan;EtCa plitplsRmab; Tij niglk;. karRtYtBinitüB½t’man naeBlknøgenHGacmanRbeyaCn_pgEdr edIm,IBinitüemIlfa etIkmμviFIRKb;RKgmankarb:HBal; dl; \riyabf nigkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCnedayrebobNa.


karyl;dwgd¾eBjeljmYyeTot faetIGñkBak;B½n§epSg²[témøFnFandUcemþenaH KWGacCYy[ GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLayEsVgyl;Kñakan;EtRbesIr nigbegáInTMnak;TMngkargarCamYyKña. vak¾Ca»kaspg Edr sRmab;GñkBak;B½n§ edIm,IykcitþTukdak;eTAelIFnFanmYycMnYn ¬minsRmab;EttémøTIpSar¦ nig CRmujGñkRKb;RKg[CYybegáInkarkarBar.

S16: TsSn³yl;eXIjGMBIlkçxNÐFnFan (Perceptions of Resource Conditions) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) TsSn³yl;eXIjGMBIlkçxNÐFnFan KWCakarvas;EvgnUvGVIEdlRbCaCnKit¼yl;dwgBIlkçxNÐ

FnFantMbn;eqñr.


Tinñn½ysþIBITsSn³yl;eXIjGM;BIlkçxNÐFnFan KW)anmkedaykarsaksYr BIGñkpþl;cemøIy nImYy² faetIGñkGacBN’naGMBIlkçxNÐbc©úb,nñsRmab;kareRbIR)as;FnFannImYy² edaykMNt;BinÞú l¥Nas; ¬5¦ l¥ ¬4¦ minl¥minGaRkk; ¬3¦ GaRkk; ¬2¦ GaRkk;Nas; ¬1¦ éRBekagkag____ páaf μ____ Twks¥at¬Tenø¦____ éRBeQIenAtMbn;x<g;rab____ esμAsmuRT____ ¬karEksRmYlbBaI¢raynamFnFan edayEp¥kelITItaMgrbs;FnFan¦.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) ral;FnFannImYy²RtUvKNnacMnYnPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIy sRmab;kardak;BinÞúelIkRmitnImYy²

nigkt;RtacUlkñúgtaragviPaK.

FnFan * PaKryrbs;Gñkpþl;cemøIyEdlBiBN’naBIlkçxNÐFnFan l¥Nas;¬5¦ l¥¬4¦ minl¥minGaRkk;¬3¦ GaRkk;¬2¦ GaRkk;Nas;¬1¦

ekagkag 3° 10° 30° 34° 23° páafμ 5° 12° 34° 30° 23°

Twks¥at 2° 15° 62° 15° 6° éRBenAtMbn;x<g;rab 40° 30° 20° 8° 2°

esμAsmuRT 12° 18° 30° 27° 2° * bBa¢IGacRtUv)anEksRmYlGaRs½yeTAelITItaMgtMbn;


karviPaKbEnßm³ RbePTxøHGacRtUv)anbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,IgayRsYlkúñgkarbkRsay. ]TahrN_ ebIsin 23°énGñkpþl;cemøIy)anniyayfa éRBekagkagsißtkúñglkçxNÐEdlGaRkk;bMput nig 34°)anniyayfasißt enAkúñglkçxNÐGaRkk; enaHcemøIyTaMgenHGacRtUvbBa©ÚlKña edIm,Iniyay)anfa {Cag50°énGñkeqøIy kt;smÁal;eXIjfa éRBekagkagsißtenAkúñglkçxNÐGaRkk; b¤GaRkk;Nas;}. eFVIy:agenHmanPaBgayRsYlyl; nigsþab; CagkarBnül;cMnYnPaKryénRbePTnImYy². elIsBIenH eTAeTot karGFib,ayxøI²GacRtUv)anerobcM edIm,ICakarBnül;bkRsayfa etIRbCaCnmankarkt; smÁal;EbbNaelIlkçxNÐFnFan. karRtYtBinitülT§plnaeBlknøgmk GackMNt;BIkarERbRbYl kñúgkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCneTAelIlkçxNÐFnFan. eRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenH CamYykarsikSaCak; EsþgBIlkçxNÐFnFan edIm,IbBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;BIkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCnelIlkçxNÐFnFan.


B½t’manBITsSn³yl;eXIjGMBIlkçxNÐFnFan edayGñkeRbIR)as;FnFan KWmansar³RbeyaCn_ Nas; edIm,IkMNt;BIkarKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr. tamry³karyl;dwgeTAelIFnFan favakMBugsißtenAkúñglkçxNÐGaRkk; GñkRKb;RKgGackMNt;)ankan;EtRbesIreLIg nUvkarKRmamkMEhg sMxan;²eTAelIFnFan cab;BIkarKRmamkMEhgFnFanPaKeRcIneTAelIFnFanCak;lak;. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCa sßanPaBedImekagkag es μAsmuRT nigpáafμ RtUv)ankt;smÁal;fasißtenAkñúglkçxNÐGaRkk;Cag sßanPaBéRBenAtMbn;x<g;rab nigTwks¥atenaH eBlenaHskmμPaBenAtMbn;smuRT dUcCa³ karensaT nig karCiHTUkelgkMsanþ GacRbEhlCamankarKRmamkMEhgmYyd¾FMCagskmμPaBenAelIdIeKakeTAeTot. B½t’manenHsMxan;pgEdr sRmab;begáItkm μviFIcMeNHdwg nigEsVgrkkarcUlrYmBIédKUBak;B½n§. ebIsinCasmaCikshKmn_min)anKitfaFnFankMBugEtsißtenAkúñgPaBeRKaHfñak;eTenaH GacBi)akkúñg karCRmujBYkeK[cUlrYmkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. ebIsmaCikshKmn_KitfaFnFankMBugsißtenAkúñg lkçxNÐl¥ b:uEnþkarRsavRCavCak;EsþgbgðajfaBYkeK KWCaGñkeFIV[mankar)at;bg;nUvFnFanTaMgenaH kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwgGacRtUvkarCacaM)ac;dMbUgeK edIm,IbegIánkaryl;dwgelIlkçxNÐrbs;FnFan eTAdl; smaCikshKmn_TaMgenaH.

tamry³karRtYtBinitüB½t’manenHnaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIehtub:HBal; én karRKb;RKg eday\riyabf nigTsSn³yl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCn. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIkmμviFIRKb;RKg


tMbn;eqñr cab;epþImeFVIyuT§nakarCRmujcMeNHdwgeTAelIsuxumalPaBminl¥énRbB½n§eGkULÚsuItMbn;eqñr b:uEnþGñkpþl;cemøIyenAEtbnþraykarN_fasuxumalPaBénRbB½n§eGkULÚsuItMbn;eqñrenAEtminl¥ enaHkar ENnaMrbs;kmμviFI KWminmanRbsiTi§PaBeLIy. TsSn³yl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCn eTAelIlkçxNÐFnFan manRbeyaCn_Nas; sRmab;begáItkmμviFIRsavRCav nigRtYtBinitüEpñkCIvsaRsþ. smaCikshKmn_ BiessRbCaCnEdleRbIR)as;FnFanedaypÞal; PaKeRcInEtgmancMeNHdwgxaglkçxNÐFnFan.

B½t’manenH GacCYyENnaMdl;rebobvar³sikSa BiesstMbn;EdlxVHxatTinñn½yviTüasaRsþ.

S17: karyl;dwgBIkarKRmamkMEhg (Perceived Threats) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karyl;dwgBIkarKRmamkMEhg KWvas;sÞg;BIGVI EdlRbCaCnEdlKitfa CakarKRmamkMEhgcMbg

eTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr.


Tinñn½ysþIBITsSn³yl;eXIjBIkarKRmamkMEhg )anmkedaykarsaksYrGñkpþl;cemøIynImYy² etIkarKRmamkMEhgcMbg²EdlmaneTAelIsuxumalPaBFnFantMbn;eqñrmanGIVxøH?cUrerobrab;[)an 5. 1>____________ 2>___________ 3> ___________ 4> ____________ 5> ___________

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) Ep¥kelITinñn½ymUldæanEdlRbmUl)anmkBIkarcuHsikSa eFIVtaragbBa¢IkarKRmamkMEhgsMxan;²

rYcKNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIyEdl)ankt;smÁal;elIkarKRmamkMEhgnImYy² Edl)anbgðajenA kúñgbBa¢ITaMgenH ehIykt;RtacUlkúñgtaragviPaKdUcxageRkam³

karKRmamkMEhgEdl)ankMNt; PaKryEdl)ankMNt;elIkarKRmamkMEhgenH sMNl;rav 53° karensaThYskRmit 30° kare)aHyuT§fáaelIpáafμ 26°

smÁal;facemøIyminGacmanelIsBI100°eLIyBIeRBaHGñkpþl;cemøIyGacerobrab;karKRmamkMEhg elIsBI5.


karviPaKbEnßm³ bBa©ÚlkarKRmamkMEhgEdlmanGtßn½yRsedogKña. ]TahrN_ ebIsin RbCaCnmYycMnYn )anniyayfa {xUcxatpáafμedaysaryuT§fáa} ehIyGñkxøH)anniyayfa {xUcxatpáafμ edayskmμPaBTUkensaT } enaHcemøIyxUcxatedaysaryuT§fáa GacRtUvkarbBa©ÚlCamYycemøIyeday sarskmμPaBTUkensaT. karRtYtBinitülT§plTaMgenHnaeBlknøgmk Gackt;smÁal;elIkarERbRbYl énkarKRmamkMEhg. eRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenHCamYyTinñn½y)anBICnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab; elIkRmit nigRbePTb:HBal; ¬K23¦. karKRmamkMEhgEdl)anerobrab;xagelI KYrEtRtUv)anbMeBjfa {x<s;} enAkúñglT§plénkRmit nigRbePTénkarb:HBal; ¬K23¦. ebIsinCakt;smÁal;yl;eXIjfa manPaBxusEbøkKña enaHRtUvBiPakSaCamYyCnbegÁalmþgeTot edIm,IbBa¢k;BImUlehtu. ebIsinCa PaBxusEbøkenaHminGacBnül;)aneT KWtRmUv[eFIVsmÖasn_RKb;RKYsarTaMgGs;eLIgvijCacaM)ac; edIm,I bBa¢ak;[kan;Etc,as;elIkarKRmamkMEhgEdlRtUv)ankt;smÁal;. vamansar³sMxan;pgEdr cMeBaHkar GFib,aynUvGVI EdlRbCaCnkt;smÁal;eTAelIkarKRmamkMEhgsMxan;² BIRkumTinñn½yTaMgBIr.

eRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenHCamYykarsikSaEbblkçN³viTüasaRsþ sþIBIkarKRmamkMEhgeTAelI lkçxNÐFnFan edIm,IkMNt;karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaCncMeBaHkarKRmamkMEhg[kan;Etc,as;las;.


B½t’mansþIBIkaryl;dwgelIkarKRmamkMEhg KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,IkMNt;eKaledAén karKRmamkMEhgeTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñr. smaCikshKmn_ BiessRbCaCnEdleRbIR)as;FnFan edaypÞal; KWEtgEtmankaryl;dwgeRcInGMBIkarKRmamkMEhgcMeBaHFnFan. B½t’manTaMgenHGacCYy ENnaMBIrebobvar³BitR)akd BiessenAtMbn;EdlTinñn½yCak;EsþgkMBugEt)anemIlrMlg edaymankar kMNt;skmμPaBGaTiPaBelIkarKRmamkMEhg edIm,I[mankarcab;GarmμN_.

tamry³karRtYtBinitüB½t’mannaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIehtub:HBal; énkar RKb;RKgEdlmaneTAelIskmμPaBtMbn;eqñr. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCakmμviFIRKb;RKg RtUv)anhamXat;kar ensaTxusc,ab; b:uEnþRbCaCnkt;smÁal;eXIjfakarKRmamkMEhgedayskmμPaBensaTxusc,ab;enA Etbnþ enaHGacbBa¢ak;)anfa km μviFIenHKWminmanRbsiTi§PaBeLIy. b:uEnþkarsikSaCak;Esþg KYrEtGac CYybBa¢ak;)anebIsinCaBitR)akd.


CacugeRkayB½t’man KWmanPaBsMxan;Nas;sRmab;GPivDÆn_kmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg nigEsVgrkédKU Bak;B½n§[cUlrYm. ebIsinCasmaCikshKmn_KitfaKμankarb:HBal;;eTAelIFnFantMbn;eqñreT enaHvaman karBi)ak edIm,ICRmuj[BYkeKcUlrYmenAkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. ebIsinCasmaCikshKmn_Kitfaman EtskmμPaBmYy b¤BIrb:ueNÑaHEdlkMBugEtb:HBal;dl;FnFan b:uEnþkarRsavRCavCak;Esþgbgðajfaman karb:HBal;eRcInepSgeTot enaHkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwgGacRtUvkarCacaM)ac; edIm,IbegIánkaryl;dwg[kan; EtTUlMTUlayBIskmμPaBEdlGacb:HBal;dl;FnFanTaMgenaH.

S18: cMeNHdwgGMBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ (Awareness of Rules and Regulations) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) cMeNHdwgGMBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana KWCaTMhMyl;dwgrbs;RbCaCnEdlmankarTak;TgeTAnwg

c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana EdlmansRmab;shKmn_GnuvtþRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr.


Tinñn½yBIcMeNHdwgGMBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnanaRtUv)anmkBIkarsaksYrGñkpþl;cemøIynImYy² nig RbsinebIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþTaMgenH RsbeTAnwgskmμPaBnana ¬cemøIyGac manb¤K μan¦ ³ karensaT_____kareRbIR)as;edImekagkag_____varIvb,kmμ_____karbegIátsNæaKar_______

ksaglMenAdæan______kILaelgTwkkMsanþ_____kardwkCBa¢ÚntamEdnsmuRT_____ begIátbBa¢I skmμPaBEdlqøúHbBa©aMgBIskmμPaBTaMgenH¬K14¦. edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCn RkumkargarRtUvEsVgyl;edayxøÜnÉgeTAelIc,ab; nig bBaØtiþEdlmanenAkñúgshKmn_BYkKat;. eFIVkarbBa¢ak;edaysaksYrGñkRKb;RKg b¤eFVIkarBiPakSaeTAelI c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ pøÚvkar (K32) eRkApøÚvkar nigTMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI (K33) rYcKUsrgVg;eTAelI FnFanEdlmanc,ab;RKb;RKgedayeFIVkareRbobeFobCamYycemøIy.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½y)anmkBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; rYcKNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIy Edl

)anR)ab;faman b¤K μan c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþsRmab;skmμPaBnImYy² ehIybBa©ÚlB½t’manTaMgenHeTAkúñg taragviPaK. karviPaKbEnßm³ eFIVkareRbobeFobPaKryCamYyGIVEdl)anKUsrgVg;. skmμPaBEdl)anKUs rgVg; ¬faman c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ¦ KYrEtmankaryl;dwgx<s; edIm,IeRbobeFobCamYyskmμPaBepSg².


skmμPaBEdl)anKUsrgVg; nigmancMeNHdwgTabcg¥úlR)ab;saFarN³faminmanc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþBit R)akdedIm,IbBa¢ak;eTAelIskm μPaBTaMgenH. karGFib,ayBnül;xIø²BIsar³sMxan; c,ab; nig bTbBaØtiþ karGnuvtþtam nigkarbgçitbgçM )anbgðajtamry³lT§plénlkçN³vinicä½y 2 bnÞab;eTot.


B½t’manenHmansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;begIátkmμviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg nigEsVrkkarcUlrYmBIsMNak; édKUBak;B½n§. ebIsinCasmaCikshKmn_mindwgBIsar³sMxan;énc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnanaeTenaH vaCakar Bi)akedIm,ICRmujBYkKat;cUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr. karbegáInkRmityl;dwgrbs;shKmn_eTAelI c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana KWCakarsMxan;tamry³karbegIátkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwg. karGb;rM KWCaRKwHsMxan; pgEdr sRmab;GñkRKb;RKg edIm,IkMNt;elIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnanaEdlshKmn_minEdl)ansÁal; dUcenHkm μviFIpþl;cMeNHdwgGacKWCasUcnakrBinitüemIlkRmityl;dwgelIc,ab; nig bTbBaØtiþTaMgenH. karRtYtBinitücMeNHdwgrbs;shKmn_cMeBaHc,ab; nig bTbBaØtiþnana KWmansar³sMxan;pgEdr sRmab; bBa¢ak;BIkarb:HBal;énkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñredayEp¥kelI\riyabf nigTsSn³yl;dwgrbs;BYkeK.

S19: karGnuvtþtam (Compliance) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karGnuvtþtamKWCakarvas;sÞg;eTAelIGVIEdlRbCaCnRbRBwtþeTAtamc,ab;. B½t’manBITsSn³yl;

eXIjrbs;RbCaCneTAelIvisalPaBénc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana EdlBYkeK)anGnuvtþtam KWmancMNg Tak;Tgy:agxøaMg faetIRbCaCnmancMeNHdwgkRmitNaeTAelIc,ab; nigbTbBatþinana enAkñúgtMbn;rbs; BYkeK.


Tinñn½ysþIBIkarGnuvtþtam)anmkedaykarsaksYrGñkpþl;cemøIynImYy² tamry³dak;kRmitBinÞú BI1dl;5 ¬1= minGnuvtþtam 5=GnuvtþtamTaMgRsug¦ énvisalPaBEdlRbCaCnGnuvtþtamc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnanaénkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ Gñkpþl;cemøIynImYy²GacRtUv)ansYrBIskmμPaBNaxøH nigc,ab;Na mYyEdlRbCaCnkMBugGnuvtþtam b¤minGnuvtþtam.


etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; ehIyeFVIkarKNnaPaKrykRmitBinÞú én

Gñkpþl;cemøIy bnÞab;mkbBa©ÚlskmμPaBnImYy²EdlTTYl)an kt;RtacUlkúñgtaragviPaK. karviPaKbEnßm³ enAkúñgEpñkxøHRtUv)anbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,IgayRsYlkúñgkarbkRsay. ]TahrN_

ebIsinCa23° énGñkpþl;cemøIy)anniyayfamankarGnuvtþtamTaMgRsug ehIy 42° eTotniyayfa mankarRbRBwtþtamxøH² enaHeyIgGaceFIVkarbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,Iniyay)anfa {65° énGñkpþl;cemøIy)an dwgfamankarGnuvtþtamxøH nigTaMgRsug}. eFVIrebobenH KWvamanPaBgayRsYlyl;CagkarbegIát taragPaKrysRmab;EpñknImYy². eRbobeFoblT§plnaeBlknøgmk edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkarRbRBwtþtam faetIvamanmankarekIneLIg fycuH b¤enAdEdl. karGFib,ayBnül;xøI²BIkarRbRBwtþtam nigkarGnuvtþ bTbBaØtiþ nigc,ab;nana Edlmankñúgkarrs;enATaMgeBlknøgmk niglkçN³vinicä½ybnÞab;.


B½t’mansþIBIkarGnuvtþtam KWmansar³RbeyaCn_Nas;sRmab;dwgBIkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§ nigkMNt;bBaðaelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. karemIlrMlgcMeBaHkarRbRBwtþtam KWminRtwmEteFIV[xUc RbeyaCn_elIkarRKb;RKgFnFanb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþminmankarKaMRTBIsMNak;édKUBak;B½n§EfmeTotpg.

ebIsinmankarkt;smÁal;kan;EtTUlMTUlayfa RbCaCnmin)anGnuvtþtamc,ab;¼bTbBaØtiþenaHeT enaHvaR)akdCaGacmankarBi)ak edIm,ITTYl)ankarTukcitþ karKaMRT karcUlrYm b¤karGnuvtþtam BIGñkTaMgenaH.

tamry³karRtYtBinitüB½t’manTaMgenHnaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIkarb:HBal; énkarRKb;RKg cMeBaH\riyabf nigkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCn. RbsinebI karGnuvtþtammankarcab;epþIm eLIgenaH vanwgmanlT§pltamry³karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaCnelIkarGnuvtþtamenaHEdr. EtebIsinmin mankarGnuvtþtameTenaH GñkRKb;RKgRtUvpøas;bþÚrrebobTMnak;TMng edIm,I[karRbRBwtþtamGacman RbsiTi§PaBx<s;cMeBaHsaFarN³Cn.


S20: karbgçM[Rbtibtþitam (Enforcement) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karbgçM[Rbtibtþitam KWRtUv)anvas;sÞg;karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaCneTAelIc,ab;nanaEdlman nig

tRmUv[TTYlykc,ab; nig bTbBaØtiþ TaMgenaHmkGnuvtþ. vaRbhak;RbEhleTAnwgkarGnuvtþtamEdr elIkElgEtkarRbRBwtþtamenH KWepþateTAelI\riyabfrbs;RbCaCn ¬]Ta> etIRbCaCnkMBugEtRbkan; x¢ab;karGnuvtþc,ab;b¤eT¦. karbgçM[RbtibtþitamepþaceTAelIskmμPaBRKb;RKg dUcCa³ karedIrl,at karpakBin½y nigkarrwbGUs]bkrN_xusc,ab;. rIÉB½t’mansþIBI TsSn³yl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCncMeBaH c,ab; nigbTbBaØtþinanaEdl)anRbibtþiknøgmk KWmancMNgTak;Tgy:agxøaMgfaetIRbCaCnyl;dwgGMBI c,ab; nigbTbBaØtþinanaenAkñúgtMbn;BYkKat;edayrebobNa.


Tinñn½ysþIBIkarbgçM[Rbtibtþitam )anmkedaykarsaksYrGñkpþl;cemøIynImYy² tamry³kardak; kRmitBinÞúBI1dl;5 ¬1=K μankarbgçM[Rbtibtþitam 5=mankarbgçM[RbtibtþitamxøaMg¦ eTAelIvisalPaB c,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana Edl)anGnum½t[eRbI.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ Gñkpþl;cemøIyGac)ansYrCak;lak;bEnßm eTAelIsMNYrEdlTak;Tgnwg karGnuvtþc,ab;? dUcCa³ etIvisalPaBénkarGnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnanaGVIxøH sRmab;skmμPaB tMbn;eqñr-smuRTnImYy²? etICaerOy²mankarRbqaMgtv:anwgkarGnuvtþc,ab;TaMgenHy:agdUcemþcEdr? ehIyetIGñkRKb;RKgGaceFVIGVIxøHedIm,IbegáInkarGnuvtþc,ab; nigbTbBaØtþiTaMgenH?

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yEdl)anBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; rYcKNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIysRmab;

kRmitskmμPaBnImYy² ehIykt;RtacUlkúñgtaragviPaK. karviPaKbEnßm³ EpñkxøHGacRtUv)anbBa©ÚlKña edIm,IgayRsYlkúñgkarbkRsay dUcEdl)an

Bnül;enAkúñgkarGnuvtþtam. eRbobeFoblT§plnaeBlknøgmkedIm,IbBa¢ak; ebIsinCakarbgçM[ Rbtibtþitam mankarekIneLIg fycuH b¤enAdEdl. karerobrab;KYrEtBnül;xøI²BIGVIEdlBiPakSaeTAelI bTbBaØtiþ nigc,ab;nana EdlkMBugGnuvtþn_ karbgçM[Rbtibtþitam kñúgCIvPaBrs;enA EdlmanenAkñúg lkçN³vinicä½ymun².



B½t’mansþIBIkarbgçM[Rbtibtþitam KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; sRmab;yl;dwgBIbBaðaRKb;RKgtMbn; eqñr. karemIlrMlgB½t’manenH KWminRtwmEteFIV[xUcxatRbeyaCn_FnFanb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgmin)an TTYlkarKaMRTBIédKUBak;B½n§EfmeTot. dUcKñaeTAnwgkarGnuvtþtamEdr ebIsinkarkt;smÁal;d¾TUlMTUlay yl;eXIjfa RbCaCnmin)anGnuvtþtamc,ab;¼bTbBaØtiþenaHeT enaHvaR)akdCamankarBi)ak edIm,I TTYl)ankarTukcitþ karKaMRT karcUlrYm b¤karGnuvtþtam BIGñkTaMgenaH.

tamry³karRtYtBinitüB½t’manTaMgenHnaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIkarb:HBal; énkarRKb;RKg EdlmancMeBaHGPi)alkic© enAeBlEdlkarGnuvtþc,ab; KWCaRbFanbTKnøwHsRmab; RKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr ehIyvak¾nwgpþl;»kas[GñkBak;B½n§ cUlrYmCYydl;GñkRKb;RKgeFVIkarqøúH bBa©aMg edIm,ITTYl)anRbsiT§iPaBkñúgkarRKb;RKgrbs;BYkeK.

S21: karcUlrYmeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ (Participation in Decision-Making) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karcUlrYmeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ KWCakarvas;sÞg;BIskm μPaBrbs;RbCaCnenAkúñgkarRKb;RKg

tMbn;eqñr BiesskareFVIesckþIIseRmccitþ.


Tinñn½ysþIBIkarcUlrYmRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr KW)anmkBIkarsmÖasn_Gñkpþl;cemøIynImYy² Biess GñkeRbIR)as;FnFan edayeRbIviFIsaRsþdak;elxerog BIelx 1 dl;elx 5 mann½yfa ¬1=K μankarcUlrYm nig 5=cUlrYmeBjelj¦ eTAelIvisalPaBcUlrYmRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr Edl)anKiteTA elIkic©karmYycMnYndUcCa³

• kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ? • karRtYtBinitü? • karelIkdMekIncMeNHdwg? • karGnuvtþc,ab;¼karXøaMemIl?


edayeRbIviFIsaRsþdak;elxerog BIelx 1 dl;elx 3 mann½yfa ¬1=Tab 2=mFüm nig 3=x<s;¦eTAelIvisalPaBénkareBjcitþcUlrYmRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr EdlKiteTAelIkic©karmYycMnYn dUcCa³

• kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ? • karRtYtBinitü? • karelIkdMekIncMeNHdwg? • karGnuvtþc,ab;¼karXøaMemIl?

bBa©IskmμPaBRKb;RKgTaMgenH KwRtUvsRmbeTAnwgskmμPaBCaGaTiPaBénkarRKb;RKg ¬eFVVIkar BiPakSaEpnkarRKb;RKg RbsinCaman¦.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ Gñkpþl;cemøIyGac)ansYr³ etIGñkGaccUlrYmkúñgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþenAkñúgskmμPaBRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrb¤eT? ehIyetI karcUlrYmGVIxøHEdlGñkeBjcitþ? RbsinebIGñkpþl;cemøIyTaMgenaH eqøIyfamineBjcitþCamYynwgkRmit cUlrYmRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrTaMgenaHeT sYrBYkKat;fa ehtuGVI? b¤k¾sYrfa etIBYkKat;cg;[mankarRbesIr y:agdUcemþc?.

sMnYrTaMgenaHRtUv)ansYredIm,IbBa¢ak; ebIsinCaGñkpþl;cemøIymanGarmμN_faBYkeKGacman»kas cUlrYmkúñgkareFVIeskþIseRmccitþkñúgskmμPaBRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigeFVIrebobNaedIm,IBYkeK)an cUlrYmenAeBlxagmux.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; rYcKNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIy ral;kRmitBinÞú

eBjcitþ b¤mineBjcitþ cMeBaHcemøIynImYy²Edl)anerobrab;xagelI ehIykt;RtacUlkúñgtaragviPaK. bnÞab;mk KNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIy ral;kRmitBinÞú x<s; mFüm nigTab cMeBaHcemøIyénkRmit cUlrYmnImYy² ehIykt;RtacUlkúñgtaragviPaK.

karviPaKbEnßm³ eRbobeFoblT§plnaeBlknøgmk edIm,IbBa¢ak;ebIsinCakarcUlrYmekIneLIg fycuH b¤enAdEdl. eRbobeFoblT§plTaMgenH CamYyTinñn½yBITsSn³yl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCnenAkúñg lkçxNÐFnFan (S16) nigkarKRmamkMEhg (S17¦ nigcMeNHdwgGMBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ ¬S18¦edIm,I dwgfa vamankarCab;Tak;TgKñadUcemþc. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCaRbCaCnminmancMeNHdwgxagc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnana ehIyBYkKat;KitfaFnFanmankarKRmamkMEhgticbMput enaHmann½yfa BYkKat;min


mankarelIkTwkcitþ[cUlrYmenAkúñgkarRKb;RKg. karGFib,ayxIø² eTAelIkarcUlrYm nigkareBjcitþ kRmitNaenaH KYreFVIkarBnül; etIvamankarERbRbYlEbbNanaeBlknøgmk ehIyfa etITsSn³yl;dwg rbs;RbCaCny:agdUcemþc KYrEtpþl;bEnßm.


tamry³karRtYtBinitükarcUlrYmnaeBlknøgmk GñkRKb;RKgGacemIleXIjBIRbsiTi§PaB énkmμ viFIEdlkMBugCRmuj[GñkBak;B½n§cUlrYmRKb;RKg rYmTaMgeKalbMNgénkarRKb;RKgpgEdr. karRtYt BinitüelIkRmiteBjcitþrbs;GñkBak;B½n§ nigkRmitcUlrYmrbs;BYkeK kñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr )anpþl;karqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelIPaBeBjcitþrbs;GñkBak;B½n§CamYynwgkm μviFIRKb;RKg k¾dUcCaKaMRTeTAelI nirnþPaBénkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;BYkeKpgEdr. kRmitcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§ KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúg karbegáInkaryl;dwgsaFarN³[yl;BIsar³RbeyaCn_énFnFantMbn;eqñr. enAeBlNa RbCaCn[ témøelIFnFankan;EteRcIn kareBjcitþcUlrYmRKb;RKgFnFanrbs;BYkeKgk¾kan;EteRcInEdr. vak¾Gac manFnFanepSg²eTotpgEdr dUcCasßanPaBvibitþi ¬karkMBb;eRbg¦ b:uEnþCaTUeTA kRmiténkarcUlrYm rbs;édKUBak;B½n§Gaccg¥úlbgðajBIsar³sMxan;énFnFan.

karRtYtBinitüeTAelIkarcUlrYm nigkareBjcitþcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§ Ca»kasmYypþl;karqøúH bBa©aMgeTA[GñkRKb;RKgelIdMeNIrkarRKb;RKgrbs;BYkeK ehIyvak_CYyGñkRKb;RKgpgEdr edIm,Iepþat karykcitþTukdak;eTAelIGñkEdlmankarBak;B½n§BitR)akd.

S22: smaCikPaBenAkúñgGgÁkar¼sßabn½édKUBak;B½n§ (Membership in Stakeholder

Organizations/Institutions) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) smaCikPaBenAkúñgkareRbIR)as;FnFanrbs;GgÁkarédKUBak;B½n§ KWsMedATaMgsmaCikPaBtam

pøÚvc,ab; nigsmaCikPaBminRsbtampøÚvc,ab;. GgÁkarédKUBak;B½n§ KWrYmTaMgGñkeRbIR)as;edaypÞal; ¬dUcCa RkumGñkensaT køwbGñkmuCTwkkMsanþ¦ ehIyk¾dUcCaRbCaCnEdlmanskmμPaBb:HBal;eTAelI FnFanpgEdr ¬dUcCashKmn_éRBeQI smaKmsNæaKar¦ ehIynwgRbCaCnEdlmin)aneRbIR)as; b¤k¾manplb:HBal;BIFnFanTaMgenH b:uEnþGñkBak;B½n§TaMgenaHKWmin)ansßitenApÞal;kñúgkarRKb;RKgeT ¬dUcCa GgÁPaBbrisßanCaedIm¦.



Tinñn½ysþIBIsmaCikPaBenAkúñgGgÁkarédKUBak;B½n§ KW)anmkBIGñkpþl;cemøIynImYy². etImanGñkNamñak;enAkúñgRKYsarrbs;GñkCasmaCiikPaBGgÁPaBédKUBak;B½n§ Edrb¤eT? ebIman etIGgÁkarNamYy?

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ RkumkargarKYrEtsYrpgEdrBIsmaCikPaBenAkñúgGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil ¬dUcCa³ viharkatUlik sm<½n§yuvCn RkumsmaKmRsþI¦ edIm,IbegáInEsVgyl;bEnßménkarcUlrYmrbs; shKmn_CaTUeTA.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; rYcKNnaPaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyEdlCasmaCik

rbs;GgÁkary:agehacNas;k¾mYyEdr. bnÞab;mk kt;RtaeQ μaHGgÁkarTaMgenaHbBa©Úlkñúgtarag ehIy KNnaPaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyEdl)ankt;Rta faBYkGñkTaMgenaHKWCasmaCikrbs;GgÁkarnImYy². erobcM B½t’manTaMgenHenAkúñgtaragviPaK.

]TahrN_³ PaKryRtUv)ankt;RtaBIsmaCikPaBenAkúñgGgÁkary:agehacNas;k¾mYyEdr_82_ smaCikPaBenAkñúgGgÁkarEdl)ankt;sMKal; °Gñkpþl;cemøIyEdl)ansMKal;elIGgÁkar RkumshKmn_GñkensaT 67% smaKmkøwbkILaelgTwkkMsanþ 32%

smaKmeTscrN_ 10%

Rkumm©as;CMnYjvarIvb,km μ 25% sMeyaKbEnßm³ eRbobeFoblT§plnanaeBlknøgmk edIm,IBinitüemIlfa etIkaERbRbYlrbs; smaCikPaBy:agdUcemþc ehIyeFIVkareRbobeFobPaKrysmaCikPaBénGgÁkarédKUBak;B½n§nana eTAelI PaKryénmuxrbr¬K12¦ edIm,Iyl;dwgfaetIvamankarTak;TgKñay:agNaEdr ¬]Ta> ebIsinsmaCik shKmn_ 90° KWCaGñkensaT faetIvamankRmitPaKryx<s;es μ I nigGgÁkarshKmn_GñkensaTb¤eT? GFib,ayxøI²edIm,IBnül;BIsmaCikPaB faetIvamanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgrcnasm½<n§muxrbr eday rebobNa nigfaetIvamankarERbRbYlnaeBlknøgmkedayrebobNa.



ebIsinCakt;smÁal;eXIjfa GgÁkarmYycMnYnmanCab;Tak;TgenAkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr enaH smaCikPaBrbs;GgÁkarTaMgenaH GacCaRbeyaCn_sRmab;vas;sÞg; énkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUBak;B½n§enAkúñg karRKb;RKg. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCasmaKmn_GñkensaTmankarTTYlxusRtUvkúñgkarbiTtMbn;NamYy min[ensaT enaHmann½yfa smaCikCaeRcIn)anbgðajkarcUlrYmy:agxøaMgkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr.

eFIVkareRbobeFob smaCikPaBCamYyrcnasm<½n§muxrbr KWvamansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr edIm,I bBa¢ak;BIcMnYnminsmamaRténsmaCikPaBeRcIn BiessCamYynwgGgÁkarTaMgenaH. muxrbrNaEdl beRmI[RbCaCnPaKeRcIn KWRtUv)anrMBwgTukfa mankRmitsmaCikPaBshKmn_eRcInbMput. PaBxusKña BIkarrMBwgTukTaMgenHGacbgðajR)ab;fa bBaðaEdlmin)anrMBwgTukeTAelIRkumsmaCikPaBshKmn_ Edl mancMnYneRcIn ehIyTak;Tgya:gsMxan;CamYyGgÁkarTaMgenaH KWRtUvEteFVIkarBicarN eRBaHvaman RbsiTi§PaBx<s;bMput. RbsinebImuxrbrpþl;kargartictYceTAelIkRmitsmaCikPaBshKmn_Edlman cMnYncUlrYmeRcIn enaHmann½yfa RbCaCnEdlminmankargareFVIRKb;RKan;kñúgmuxrbrenH enAEtcab; GarmμN_elImuxrbrenH ¬]Ta> ebIsinRbCaCnmYycMnYnpøas;bþÚrmuxrbrBIeFVIensaT mkeFVIVCaGñknaMeP£óv eTscrvij EtRbCaCnTaMgenaHenAEtCasmaCikshKmn_ensaT enaHmann½yfa BYkeKenAcab;GarmμN_ nwgrbrensaTenAeLIy. vaGacmansar³RbeyaCn_pgEdr kñúgkarCECkCamYyCnbegÁalkúñgkarBnül; BIlT§pl.

S23-25: karyl;GMBI bBaða nigdMeNaHRsay énkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigbBaðarbs;shKmn_ (Perceived Coastal Management Problems, Perceived Coastal Management Solutions, Perceived Community Problems)

etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) karyl;GMBIbBaða nigdMeNaHRsayénkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigbBaðarbs;shKmn_ manPaBcaM)ac; Nas; edIm,I)a:n;sμaneTAelIkarKitrbs;RbCaCn faetIbBaðaGVIxøHEdlkMBugekItmanenAkñúgshKmn_ nigkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr ehIyfaetIrkviFIedIm,IedaHRsayedayrebobNa.


Tinñn½ysþIBIlkçN³vinicä½yTaMgenH KW)anmkedaykarsaksYrral;Gñkpþl;cemøIynImYy² ehIy eRkABIkarKRmamkMEhgnana RkumkargarGacsYrbEnßmfa³


- etIGñkemIleXIjGVIxøH EdlCabBaðacMbg cMnYn2FM² EdlkMBug RbQmnwgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr enAkúñgshKmn_? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- etIGIVxøHEdlGñkemIleXIjfa KWCadMeNaHRsaynUvral;bBaðaTaMgenH? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- etIbBaðacMbg²GVI cMnYn2 EdlshKmn_kMBugEtRbQmmux? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ Gñkpþl;cemøIyGacRtUv)ansYr edIm,IBnül;BIkarkMNt;bBaða nigdMeNaH

Rsay ehIyk_RtUvsYrpgEdrfaGñk)aneXIjdMeNaHRsayGVIxøHcMeBaHbBaðashKmn_.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) sMeyaKTinñn½yBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; rYcbegIátbBa¢Ierobrab;BIbBaðacMbg²EdlshKmn_

kMBugRbQmmux ehIyKNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIyEdl)ankt;smÁal;ral;bBaðanImYy². EbgEck bBaðaTaMgGs;eTACaRkum ehIydak;eTAtamRbePTnImYy² BiessbBaðaEdlCak;lak;. ]TahrN_ ebIsinCa 4°énGñkpþl;cemøIykt;smÁal;eXIjfamanCemøaHrvagGñkensaTenAkúñg PUmi-k nig PUmi-x ehIy12°kt;smÁal;famanCemøaHTUeTArvagGñkensaT enaHbBaðaTaMgenHGacbBa©ÚlKña edIm,IgayRsYl bkRsay bnÞab;mkkt;RtaB½t’manTaMgenHeTAkúñgtaragviPaK.

Gnuvtþn_dUcKñaEdr cMeBaHdMeNIrkar sþIBIkaryl;dwgelIdMeNaHRsaykúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nig karyl;dwgBIbBaðarbs;shKmn_.

karviPaKbEnßm³ eFIVkareRbobeFoblT§plnaeBlknøgmk edIm,IBinitüemIlfa etIkaryl;dwg Tak;TgeTAelIkarRKb;RKg mankarERbRbYlya:gNaenAkúñgshKmn_. karGFib,ayxøI² RtUvBnül; BIkaryl;dwgelIbBaða nigdMeNaHRsayrbs;RbCaCn nigkarERbRbYlrbs;vanaeBlknøgmk.


B½t’manBITsSn³yl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCn cMeBaHbBaða nigdMeNaHRsay elIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr KWmansar³sMxan;Nas; BiessEsVgyl;BIGVIEdlRbCaCnkMBugKit KWGñkRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrRtUvEtepþatkar ykcitþTukdak; nigCYyGñkRKb;RKgkMNt;GaTiPaBRKb;RKg. B½t’manBIbBaðashKmn_ CYyGñkRKb;RKg yl;BIbBaðaFM²EdlshKmn_kMBugRbQmmuxdUcCa³ xVHxatcMNIGahar nigxVHGKiÁsnIsRmab;eRbIR)as; nigCamYyGIVEdlkmμviFIRKb;RKgGac b¤minGacmanlT§PaBCYy)an. karCab;Tak;Tgrbs;GñkRKb;RKg


CamYynwgshKmn_énkaryl;dwgeTAelIbBaða nigdMeNaHRsayenH vamansar³sMxan;CagkarsikSa EdlmanlkçN³viTüasaRsþsþIBIkarKRmamkMEhg nigdMeNaHRsayeTAeTot eRBaHfabBaða nigdMeNaH RsayTaMgenH vaBak;B½n§edaypÞal;eTAnwgkarrs;enArbs;shKmn_EdlBYkKat;RtUvEtykcitþTukdak;. dUecñH GñkRKb;RKgKYrEtCUndMNwgeTAdl;shKmn_BIbBaðaBitR)akd RbsinebIbBaðaTaMgenaHmanPaBepSg Kña BIGVIEdlshKmn_dwg.

S26-27: eCaKC½y nigkarRbQmkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr (Successes and Challenges in

Coastal Management) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) eCaKC½y nigkarRbQmkñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr KåCakar):an;sμan eTAelIGVIEdlRbCaCnKitfa

mandMeNIrkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrl¥ b¤dMeNIrkarminl¥ enAkñúgshKmn_.


Tinñn½ysþIBIeCaKC½y nigkarRbQmkñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr)anmkedaykarsaksYrral;Gñkpþl; cemøIynImYy² dUcCa³

- etIkarGnuvtþcMnYn 2 NaxøH EdlGñkKitfamandMeNIrkarl¥kñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr enAkñúg shKmn_? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- etIkarGnuvtþcMnYn 2 NaxøH EdlGñkKitfaminmandMeNIrkarl¥kñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrenAkñúg shKmn_? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³saksYrGñkpþl;cemøIy[Bnül;cemøIyrbs;BYkeKcMeBaHsMnYrxagelI.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) Ep¥lelImUldæanTinñn½yBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; erobcMbBa©IGIVEdlCadMeNIrkarl¥ Edl)an

kt;smÁal;edayGñkpþl;cemøIy ehIyKNnaPaKryénGñkpþl;cemøIyEdl)ankt;smÁal;elIvtßúnImYy². dak;bBa©ÚlCaRkumnUvGVIEdlRsedogKña nigeTAtamRbePTnImYy²epSg²Kña. Gnuvtþn_dUcKñaenHEdr cMeBaH dMeNIrkarsþIBIkarRbQmenAkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr. kt;RtaB½t’manTaMgenaHeTAkúñgtaragviPaK.

karviPaKbEnßm³ eRbobeFoblT§plnaeBlknøgmkTaMgenH edIm,IBinitüemIlfaetI PaBeCaKC½y nigkarRbQm vamankarERbRbYledayrebobNa. eRbobeFobCamYykaryl;dwgelIbBaðaRKb;RKgtMbn;


eqñr (K23) edayRtYtBinitünUvlT§plva. GFib,ayxøI² edayBnül;BIkaremIleXIjrbs;RbCaCn eTAelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrnaeBlknøgmk.


B½t’manBIPaBeCaKC½y nigkarRbQmkúñgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr )anpþl;karyl;eXIjy:agc,as; eTAkñúg»kas nigdMeNaHRsayEdlkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrkMBugEtRbQm. vamanRbeyaCn_pgEdr sRmab;yl;dwgBI\riyabf nigkaryl;eXIjrbs;RbCaCnEdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYykarRKb;RKgtMbn; eqñr ehIyvaGacBnül;)anBIqnÞHrbs;BYkeKkñúgkarcUlrYmRKb;RKg. ebIsinCakmμviFIRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr RtUv)anyl;dwgfavamandMeNIrkarmYyd¾l¥ enaHRbCaCnGacmancMNg;cMNUlcitþeRcInCamYykmμviFI. B½t’manenHGacpþl;nUvkaryl;eXIjkan;Etc,as; edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIRbsiTi§PaBénkm μviFI b¤k_rMelcnUvEpñk sMxan;²éneKalKMnitRKb;RKgmYycMnYn EdlGacCYy[GñkRKb;RKgBnül;R)ab;dl;shKmn_ BIGVIEdl mankarRbesIreLIg)anc,as;las;. vak_pþl;»kasdl;GñkBak;B½n§ eFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMgdl;GñkRKb;RKg eTA elIPaBeCaKC½y b¤braC½ycMeBaHkmμviFIRKb;RKgnanapgEdr.

S28: rebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsMPar³ (Material Style of Life) etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) rebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsMPar³ KWCasUcnakrEdlTak;TgnwgsßanPaBsgÁmrbs;shKmn_

ehIyCaerOy²RtUv)aneRbI edIm,Ivas;sÞg;BIRTBüsm,tiþ. vaGacTak;TgnwgkarvaytémøeTAelIvtßúFatu edImsRmab;sagsg;pÞH ¬dUcCa³ dMbUl CBa¢aMg¦ eRKOgsgðarwmkúñgpÞH ¬dUcCa³ kRmal tuTU¦ ]bkrN_GKiÁsnIenAkúñgpÞH ¬dUcCa³ páarNb TUrTsSn_ viTüú¦ nigGIEv:GIv:an;CaeRcIneTot ¬dUcCa³ TUk ]bkrN_ensaT¦.


Tinñn½yBIrebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsMPar³ KWgayRsYlkúñgkarRbmUlbMput edayRKan;EteFIVkar segátelIvtßúnanaEdlenAkúñgpÞHGñkpþl;cemøIy. CadMbUg vasMxan;Nas; edayRtUvsYreTAGñkpþl;B½t’man [kMNt;GVIxøHCasMPar³ nigsm,tþiEdlBYkeKman dUcCa³ sMPar³sagsg;pÞH eRKÓgsgðarwmkñúgpÞH eRKÓg


]bkrN_GKÁIsnI nig GIEv:GIv:an;epSg²eTot EdlqøúHbBa©aMgBIRTBüsm,tþiEdlBYkeKman. bnÞab;mk sRmab;kRmitRKYsar Gñkpþl;cemøIyKYrsYrfa³

etIpÞHenHCakmμsiT§irbs;Gñkb¤? )aT b¤ eT TMhMpÞH nigcMnYnbnÞb; bnÞab;eFVIkarsegát b¤k_sYrbnþnUvB½t’manRtUv)ankt;RtaxageRkamenH³ o RbePTdMbUl³ Rbk;ek,Óg_______ eQI_______ Rbk;s,Úv_______

o RbePTCBa¢aMgxageRkA³ eFIVBIek,Óg _____ \dæ b¤suIm:g _____eQI_____ s,Úv b¤b¤sSI _____

o bg¥Úc³ kBa©k; _______ eQI _______ cMh _______ K μan_______

o kRmal³ erobcM\dæ _______ eQI _______ suIm:g; _______ RkaldI_______

o kaeRbIR)as;Twk³ bMBg;Twk>>>>>>>GNþÚgÉkCn>>>>>>>>> GNþÚgsaFarN³>>>>>>>>> sÞwg>>>>>>>>>>>>

o kaeRbIzamBl³ bNþajGKÁIsnI>>>>>>>> zamBlRBHGaTitü>>>>>>>> GaKuy>>>>>>>> K μan>>>>>>>

eFVIdUcenH KWgayRsYlkúñgkarbegIáttaragelIvtßúFatuedImsRmab;sagsg;pÞH. enAkúñgkrNIxøH bBa¢IenHGacRtUv)anpøas;bþÚr GaRs½yeTAtamePaKRTBüEdlmaneRcInCageKenAkúñgtMbn;sikSa. ]TahrN_ enAkúñgtMbn;mYy {eQI} GacRtUv)anKitfa KWCaRbePTEdlkRmbMputsRmab;ykmkRkal enAkúñgkrNIenaHbBa¢IGacRtUv)anEkERbeTACa³

o CBa¢aMg³ erob\dærYc>>>>>> erob\dæminTan;rYc>>>>>>>>> erob\dælayeQI>>>>>>>>>>>> eQI>>>>>>>>>>>>

enAkñúgkrNIxøH kRmiténkarsagsg;KWGaRs½ynwgsMPar³nanaEdlgayrk)an b¤k_mingayrk enAkñúgtMbn;rbs;BYkKat;. EteTaHCay:agNak_eday kRmitsMPar³BitR)akdEdlsMxan;kñúgkarsikSa enaH KWeFIVkareRbobeFobrvagRTBüFnnanaenAkñúgshKmn_CamYyry³eBlknøgmk.

edIm,IEsVgyl;bEnßmBIsm,tþisRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit RkumkargarKYrsYreTARKYsarnImYy²pgEdrfa³ - etIGñkmanTUkpÞal;xøÜneT? - etImanTUkb:unμanEdlCakmμsiT§ipÞal;rbs;Gñk? - etITUkTaMgenHeFVIGMBIsMPar³GVIEdr ¬eQI b¤pøasÞik¦? - etITUkTaMgenHdMeNIrkaredayeRbIGVI ¬Ecv b¤m:asIun¦?


kñúgkrNIxøH pÞHKWminRtUv)aneFVIkarBicarNafamansar³sMxan;enAkñúgshKmn_eT. krNIenH Rkumkargar GacepþatykcitþTukdak;eTAelIsm,tþienAkñúgpÞH nigsMPar³eRbIR)as;vij dUcCa³ karciBa©wm stVBahn³ sMPar³sRmab;meFüa)ayeFVIdMeNIr dIFøI TUkensaT CaedIm.l.

karRbmUlTinñn½ybEnßm³ edIm,IsikSa[)aneRcInBITMnak;TMngsßanPaBsgÁm nigRTBüsm,tþienA kúñgshKmn_ Gñkpþl;cemøIyGacRtUv)ansYrBIPaBCam©as;km μsiTi§ nigRTBüsm,tiþrbs;BYkeK. bBa¢IenH GacrYmmanvtßúnana dUcCa³ TUrTsSn_ viTüú TUrTwkkk eRKOgsgðarwm nigRTBüsm,tiþepSg²déTeTot. sMNYrGMBI]bkrN_ensaTk_RtUvykcitþTukdak;pgEdr. kareRbIviFan cMNat;fñak;RTBüsm,tþi (Wealth

Ranking) KYrRtUv)aneRbI edIm,ITTYl)anB½t’manBIRkumBak;B½n§TaMgLaycUlrYm. CakarBit sm,tþi nigsMPar³RtUv)anBicarNa KWGaRs½yeTAtamtMbn;nImYy² ehIysmRsbnwgGVI

EdlRkumkargarGaceFVIkarkt;sMKal;)an. eBlxøH karkMNt;sMKal;TaMgenHGacqøúHbBa©aMgenAkñúgtMbn; déTEk,rxagpgEdr.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) ral;sMeyaKTinñn½yBIkarsmÖasn_RKYsarTaMgGs; ykmkKNnarkPaKrypÞHEdlmanvtßúnImYy²

CavtßúFatuedImrbs;pÞHenaH ehIykt;RtaenAkúñgtaragviPaK.


B½t’mansþIBIrebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsMPar³naeBlknøgmk GacmanRbeyaCn_ edIm,Iyl;BI sßanPaBesdækic© nigTMnak;TMngCamYyePaKRTBürbs;shKmn_ ehIyBiesseTotenaH KWmansar³ RbeyaCn_sRmab;tMbn;EdlBi)akTTYl)anTinñn½yTak;TgnwgcMNUlBitR)akd. vak_mansar³sMxan;pg Edr kúñgkarRtYtBinitüedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkarb:HBal;énkarRKb;RKgeTAelICIvPaBnaeBlknøgmk. ebIsinCaskmμPaBRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr kMBugEtmankarb:HBal;CaviC¢man enaHPaKryBIlT§pl énrebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsMPar³ nwgbgðajfamankarpøas;bþÚreq<aHeTAkan;kRmitmYyx<s;kúñgkareRbI R)as; ¬dUcCa³ karpøas;bþÚrBIpÞHdMbUlRbk;s,ÚveTACapÞHRbk;ek,Óg¦. vamanRbeyaCn_BiesspgEdr kúñg karbBa¢ak;BITMhMénplcMeNjes μ IKñaelIdMeNIrkarrUbiyvtßúenAkñúgshKmn_. ebIsinCakmμviFIRKb;RKg mankarb:HBal;esI μKñaenaH RkumkargarKYrEtsegátBIkarpøas;bþÚr tamry³shKmn_edayBiPakSaCamYYy RkumédKUBak;B½n§TaMgGs; KWminEmnRKan;Etqøgkat;buKÁlmYycMnYnenaHeT.


karbegáInkaryl;dwgBIrebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsMPar³ nigsßanPaBRTBüFnkñúgshKmn_ nwg CYYydl;GñkBak;B½n§ GaceFVIkarvaytémø)ankan;EtRbesIeTAelIsßanPaBkargarrbs;BYkeK nigkarpøas; bþÚrnaeBlknøgmk ehIynwgGacCYy[karRKb;RKgkan;EtmanRbsiT§iPaB.

S29: kRmiténPaBRkIRk etIvaKWCaGVI (What it is) PaBRkIRkmaneRcInsNæan nigRtUv)ankMNt;xus²KñaeTAtamvb,Fm’ nigbribTepSg². CaTUeTA

PaBRkIRkRtUv)ankMNt;fa CasßanPaBmYyEdlmnusSminGaceBjcitþnUvGVIEdlxøÜnemIleXIj dUcCa³ R)ak;kéRmTTYl)anminRtwmkRmitGtibrmasRmab;kareRbIR)as; b¤k¾karciBa©wmragkayminRKb;RKan;eTA nwgtRmUvkarCamUldæanEdlrYmman³ Gahar CRmk nig suxmalPaB . CagenHeTAeTot TRmg;énkgVH xatsmÖar³nana k¾cat;TukCaPaBRkIRkEdr ehIyPaBRkIRkRtUv)ankMNt;fa CasßanPaBénTMhMtRmUvkar eRcInmux (multi‐dimensional) Edlmankarpøas;bþÚrBIkEnøgmYyeTAkEnøgmYyeTot edayqøgkat;eBl evla nigRtUv)anBN’naeTAtamviFIepSg². enAtamshKmn_tMbn;eqñrPaKeRcInkñúgGasuIGeKñy_ PaBRkIRkekIt manesÞIrRKb;TIkEnøg TaMgkñúgkRmitvas;EvgR)ak;cMNUl kRmiténkareRbIR)as; nig sßanPaBsuxmalPaB ehIykñúgn½yTUlayepSgeTot KWsMedAeTAelIsmtßPaBmnusSkñúgkarbegáIt CeRmIssRmab;xøÜneK nig RkumRKYsarsac;jatiEdlTTYlrg\T§iBlBIkarseRmccitþ Edlb:HBal;eTAdl; CIvit b¤smtßPaBrbs; BYkeKkñúgkarTTYlyknUvbMlas;bþÚrviC¢mansRmab;karciBa©wmCIvit . enAkñúgbribT SocMon Rkbx½NÐshKmn_tMbn;eqñr nigGñkeRbIR)as;FnFansmuRT TRmg;TaMgGs;énPaBRkIRk KWsMxan;sRmab;eRbIR)as; kRmitPaBRkIRkedaycat;TukCasUcnakrBak;B½n§dl;karvas;sÞg;RsLayén PaBRkIRk nigsuxmalPaB enAkñúgcMeNamRkumshKmn_xus²Kña TaMgEpñk smÖar³ suxmalPaB nigkareRbIR)as;GMNaceTAelIbrisßan ¬rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgsmtßPaBkñúgkarbegáItCeRmIsEbbNaEdlBYkeK GaceRbIR)as;)aneTAtam lT§PaB ¦.


kEnøgEdlGacrkTinñn½ymanRsab;BIPaBRkIRk KWvanwgpþl;nUvTinñn½yrbs;RkumxagelI nigTRmg; xøHxageRkamén : bnÞat;PaBRkIRk : EdleRbIR)as;edayGñkRKb;RKgTTYlxusRtUvelIkmμviFIkat;bnßy PaBRkIRk b¤k¾kic©karBarsgÁm. kargarenHnwgmanTMenarEp¥kelIkarkan;kab;RTBüsm,tiþ kareRbIR)as; nig kRmiténR)ak;cMNUl ehIynwgminlMGiteTAdl;kRmiténPaBRkIRkénRkummuxrbrxus²Kña EdlGacCa


karcab;Garm μN_cMeBaHGñkRKb;RKgkMBugGnuvtþ SocMon . lMhat;KUsEpnTIsgÁm b¤k¾RTBüsm,tiþ )anGnuvtþCamYyshKmn_ b¤k ¾RkumbuKÁlsMxan;² nwgGacdMeNIrkar SocMon EdleFVIlMGit nigrUbPaB c,as;las;BIRsLayénkRmitPaBRkIRkkñúgRkumepSg²Kña enAshKmn_ k¾dUcCakaryl;dwgBIsNæan PaBRkIRk cMeBaHPaBb:HBal;eTAdl;GñkeRbIR)as;FnFan. vamansar³sMxan;enAeBlGnuvtþ dUcCa³ lMhat;cab;epþImCamYykarBiPakSasuICeRmABIGVICaPaBRkIRk niglkçN³Rk Edlmann½ysRmab;Rkum shKmn_ nigsRmab;begáItniymn½yénkRmitxusKñaénPaBRkIRk EdlmanGtßn½yRKb;RKan; sRmab; RbCaCnkñúgtMbn; nigbuKÁlBak;B½n§sMxan;². KuNPaBénkarvas;EvgPaBRkIRk GacCYypþl;nUvB½t’man edIm,IeFVIkareRbobeFobB½t’mannana bu:EnþB½t’manTaMgenaHnwgmann½ytictYcsRmab;RbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn;. RbGb;elx3³ bgðajBIkarKUsEpnTIsgÁm nigRTBüsm,tþienARbeTs\NÐa.

enAkñúg]TahrN_enH EpnTIsgÁm¼RTBüsm,tþienA Gulf of Mannar RkumGñksikSa eRbIR)as;nUvsnøwktUcEdlmanBN’xus²KñatMNag[pÞHnImYy². BN’epSgKñaRtUv)aneRbI sRmab;sMKal;lkçN³énpÞH lkçN³RbCasaRsþ muxrbrlMGit nigRsLayénRTBüsm,tþi ¼PaBRkIRk. lMhat;rebobenHKW cMNayeBleRcIn b:uEnþGacBnül;y:aglMGitBIsßanPaBsgÁm nigesdækic©énRKYsarnImYy² enAkñúgshKmn_ ehIyk ¾GacCYy[GñkeRbIR)as; SocMon yl;kan;Etc,as;BIsPaBxus²KñaénRkumTaMgenaH.

karRbmUlTinñn½ysþIBIPaBRkIRkenH GacmanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarP¢ab;CamYykarRbmUlB½t’man sþIBIkRmitRbCasaRsþenAkñúgshKmn_ (K1‐K12) nigTinñn½yénkRmitRKYsar (S1‐S14). kareRbIR)as; RTg;RTayRkahVikEpnTI GacmanRbeyaCn_ KWvaGaCYykMNt;c,as;las;BIkEnøgénRkumBak;B½n§ EdleK GacrkeXIj nigTItaMgénRKYsardéTeTot b¤k¾min)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgskmμPaBénkarRbmUlTinñn½y nig karBiPakSaGMBIbMlas;bþÚrénkareRbIR)as;f μb:Rb:HTwk. lMhat;KUsEpnTIRTBüsm,tþi GacbBa©ÚlCamYy karRbmUlTinñn½y BIRbCasaRsþepSg² ehIypþl;nUvdMeNaHRsayx<s;sRmab;B½t’manénkRmitRKYsar.

etIkarviPaKTinñn½yy:agdUcemþc (How to analyse the data) Tinñn½yBIlMhat;KUsEpnTIsgÁm b¤k ¾RTBüsm,tþi tarag GacbegáItTinñn½y (a matrix) Rbhak;

RbEhlKñaeTAnwgtaragxageRkam edIm,IviPaKkRmitPaBRkIRkénRkumGñkeRbIR)as;FnFanxus²Kña. lkçxNÐeRbIR)as;enACYrxagelIéntarag mantrix nwgERbRbYl GaRs½yelIsßanPaBénkarsYrsMNYr eTAshKmn_ nigcritlkçN³énPaBRkIRkkMNt;edayRbCaCnmUldæankMLúgeBleFVIlMhat;. RsedogKña


enHEdr mFümPaKénkarvas;EvglkçxNÐ nwgEp¥keTAelIkarBiPakSaBIPaBRkIRkCamYybuKÁlsMxan;² nig smaCikshKmn_. karlMGitBIkRmitEdlmantamry³karviPaKenH GacekIneLIgBImYyeBleTA mYyeBl. ]TahrN_ ¬emIlenAkñúgtaragxageRkam¦ kMLúgeBleFVIlMhat;KUsEpnTIRTBüsm,tþi RkummYyRtUv)ancat;TukCa :GñkensaTenAsmuRTeRkA : bnÞab;BIkarGegátbEnßm nigcMeNHdwgeqñImrbs; shKmn_ GacnwgRtUvEbgEckedayeyageTAelITMhMxusKñaéndMeNIrkar nigviFIsaRsþénkarnsaT RbsinebIemIleXIjBIPaBRsbKñaénkarviPaKRsLayénkRmitRTBüsm,tþirbs;RKYsarBak;B½n§nImYy² .

muxrbr ¼ ciBa©wm CIvitkñúgRkum

shKmn_¬Ep¥kelI mUldæanmuxrbr nigRbPBFnFan

sRmab; ciBa©wmCIvit

RbePTerobcM énskmμPaB ciBa©wmCIvit

sRmab;RKYsar cMeBaHRkum

kñúgshKmn_

cMnYnRbCaCn ¼ cMnYnRKYsar EdlBak;B½n§ nwgmuxrbr

lkçN³sm,tþiénmuxrbr ¼ ciBa©wmCIvit ¬eynD½r ¼ Gayu ¼

TMhMRKYsar ¼ RkumCn CatiPaKtic ¼ .l.¦

kRmitGaRs½y eTAelIFnFan

tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

kRmitPaBRkIRk kñúgRkum

shKmn_

GñkensaTtam páafμ muCTwkykpáafμ nigensaT

120 RKYsarFM> RKb;vNÑ³Cn rs;enA yUrGEgVgkñúgtMbn;

***** RkIRk

GñkensaTenA smuRTeRkA

ensaTRtIkamug nigRtInana eday ensaTCalkçN³ GaCIvkmμ

230 RKYsarFM GñkmanlT§PaBeRcIn rs;enAyUrGEgVgkñúg tMbn; RsþIcUlrYmlk; plitplensaT

*** mFüm ¼ RKan;ebI

GñkensaTtam éRBekagkag

eRbIlb-sMNaj; kab;edImekagkag eFVILFüÚg rkxüg kþam

80 PaKeRcInburs RKYsartUc RtkUlTab GñkcMNUlfμImkrs;enA kñúgtMbn;

** RkIRkbMput

GñknaMeP£óv eTscr

naMeP£óvkMsanþ pÞHsMNak; ePaCnIydæan tUblk;GnusSavrIy_

50 RsþI nigburs PaKeRcIn GñkcMNUlfμI mkrs;enAkñúgtMbn;

***** mFüm ¼ RKan;ebI

GñkeFVIksikmμ eFVIERs-cMkar lk;plitpl kardwkCBa¢Ún

50 RKYsarFM GñkmanRtkUl vNÑ³

* RkIRk ¼mFüm


Gñklk;kMMMlaMg Blkmμ

kmμkrTUkensaT Gñkbksac;kþam CYyensaTmitþPR½k

140 PaKeRcIn narI² RsþI emm:ayCaemRKYsar nigkumarI

** RkIRkbMput

GñkeFVIkarrdækar mRnþIraCkar m©as;ksidæan ebIklk;dUrtUctac eFVIensaTeBlxøH

15 burs ¼ RsþI eFVIkarykR)ak;Ex BIraCkar b¤m©as;ksidæan

* mFüm

karviPaKbEnßm³ eRkaykMLúgeBlkMBugeFVIbc©úb,nñPaBénB½t’manenH skm μPaBciBa©wmCIvitfμ I² GackMNt; nigpøas;bþÚrenAkñúgcMnYnRbCaCnEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgskm μPaBepSg² EdleFVI[Gñksegát SocMon GackMNt;karpøas;bþÚrenATMrg;énmuxrbrnana. TaMgenHGaceFobeTAnwgbMlas;bþÚrsßanPaB énFnFan RbePTénkareRbIR)as; (K16) kRmitnigRbePTén\Ti§Bl (K23) ehIydwgBIkarKMramkMEhg nana (S17) edIm,IemIl[eXIjfaetIvamankarCab;Bak;B½n§KñaEdrb¤eT .


PaBRkIRkenAGasuIGeKñy_KWCaTMhMtRmUvkareRcInmux “multi‐dimensional” EdlRKYsarGñkeRbI R)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT GacCaGñkRk eRBaHBYkeKTTYl)anRTBüsm,tþitictYc nigCeRmIsénkar ciBa©wmCIvitenAmankRmitsRmab;BYkeK. pÞúymkvij GacnwgmankarBitmYy EdlpSarP¢ab;BYkeKeTAnwg savta b¤k¾Rkumkulsm<½n§NamYyEdlmanzan³Tab b¤k¾edaysaremRKYsarKWCaRsþIemm:ay. GñkRkIRk EdleRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr nigsmuRTGacnwgsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarcUlrYmRbCuMkñúgshKmn_ BIeRBaHBYkeK Cab;Bak;B½n§eTAnwgTegVIxusc,ab;mYycMnYn b¤k ¾mkBIBYkeKxVHCMenOTukcitþkñúgkarcUlrYmRbCuMCasaFarN³ b¤k¾mkBIeKmanlT§PaBtictYckñúgkarEckrMElk. CalT§pl BYkeKeRcInEtminRtUv)anrab;bBa©Úlkñúg kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþenAkñúgshKmn_. GñkRKb;RKgEdlkMBugGnuvtþ SocMon RtUvkaryl;dwgBI kRmitPaBRkIRkénRkumGñkeRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr nigsmuRTepSg²Kña eRBaHvanwgGacb:HBal;xøaMg eTAdl;lT§PaBénRkumTaMgenH edIm,IcUlrYmkñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþGMBIkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT ehIynwgb:HBal;eTAdl;TMhMEdlBYkeKnwgsegáteTAelIbTbBa¢arRKb;RKg Ep¥keTAtamkareRbI R)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT. GñkRkIRkGacK μanlT§PaBedIm,IsegáteTAelIkarkMNt;énkareRbI FnFanrbs;BYkeK eRBaHBYkeKK μanmuxrbrpøas;bþÚrsRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit. dUecñH edIm,ICYyGñkRkIRkEdleRbI


R)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT KWRtUvkMNt;nUvlkçxNÐEdlGacTTYlyk)an edaycab;epþImbegáItTRmg; pøas;bþÚrénkarciBa©wmCIvit EdlGacnwgmanRbeyaCn_ RbsinebIviFankarRKb;RKgTTYl)aneCaKC½y.

karkMNt;PaBc,as;las;cMeBaHkRmiténPaBRkIRkkñúgcMeNamRkumxus²KñaenAkñúgshKmn_ nwg pþl;nUvsUcnakrsMxan;sRmab;GñkRKb;RKg ehIyEp¥keTAelIRkumTaMgenaH KWTamTar[mancMNab; GarmμN_xøaMg edIm,InaMykBYkeKcUlrYmRKb;RKgnigkarBarFnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRT. eFVIkargarCamYyGñk RkIRk KWTamTar[mankarGt;Fμt; niglHbg;FnFanCaeRcIn ehIyGñkRKb;RKgRtUvyl;dwgBIkarcab;epþIm cg;)anEdlBYkeKepþatGamμN_. tMbn;Edl SocMon dMeNIrkar rYmman³ lMhat;RbmUlTinñn½y énkRmitRKYsarBIKMrURKYsar Tinñn½yEdlRbmUl)ankMLúgeBleFVIlMhat;KUsEpnTIRTBüsm,tþi Gacpþl; nUvmUldæand¾mansar³RbeyaCn_ edIm,IeFVIkarseRmccitþelIyuT§saRsþeRCIserIssMNak nigFana)anfa karRbmUlTinñn½yRKYsarRKbdNþb;nUvPaBRkIRkxus²Kña muxrbrepSgKña nigcritlkçN³esdækic©sgÁm.

CaTUeTA kareFVIbc©úb,nñPaBénTinñn½yelIkRmitPaBRkIRktamry³dMeNIrkar SocMon nwgpþl;[ GñkRKb;RKgnUvsUcnakrTak;TgeTAnwgplb:HBal;énkarvas;sÞg;karRKb;RKg enAkñúgsNæanénkarciBa©wm CIvitrbs;RbCaCnenAshKmn_. karERbRbYlkRmit nigkarEckrMElkPaBRkIRkkñúgshKmn_Gacpþl;nUv sUcnakrsMxan;énPaBeCaKC½ykñúgkarGnuvtþ. karTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaCnmUldæan b¤k ¾ bBaðaEdldkecjnUvkareRbIR)as;FnFan KWmanplb:HBal;GviC¢maneTAelIRkumGñkeRbIR)as;eTogTat;. karEbgEckPaBRkIRkkñúgshKmn_GacCakarBinitüemIlTinñn½yRbCasaRsþ edIm,IBinitü[eXIjBI Gayu Catisasn_ b¤k¾RkummuxrbrEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;eRcIn b¤tic BIbERmbRmYlénkareRbIR)as;FnFan. karERbRbYlTaMgenHCaerogral;eBl eFVIkareRbobeFobCamYykRmit nigRbePTénplb:HBal; (K23) CamYynwgsßanPaBFnFanEdlGacbBa¢ak;BIbc©úb,nñ b¤k ¾skþanuBlénkarKMramkMEhg. Tinñn½yTak;Tg eTAnigkRmitPaBRkIRkénRkumGñkeRbIR)as;epSg²Kña GacnwgeRbobeFobCamYyTinñn½ysþIBIkarcUlrYm nig kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ (S21) ehIyGac[GñkRKb;RKgBinitüemIleXIjfa etIGñkRkRtUv)anbBa©Úl eTAkñúgdMeNIrkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþBIkareRbIR)as;FnFantMbn;eqñr-smuRTEdrb¤eT. kic©BiPakSaCamYy GñkdwknaMshKmn_ nigRkumGñkeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ EdlkMBugeFVIkarCamYyGñkRKb;RKg nwgGacGnum½t elITinñn½yénkRmitPaBRkIRkenAkñúgshKmn_)an dUcCa³ karBiPakSanwgGacCYyTajcMNab;GarmμN_ BIkþI)armÖTaMgLayelIplb:HBal;d¾FMeFgGacCaviC¢man b¤k¾GviC¢maneTAelIviFankarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRTcMeBaHkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;RbCaCn .


ÉksarbEnßm B karENnaMBIkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal RkumeKaledA nigkarRbmUlRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;

ANNEX B: SECONDARY SOURCE/KEY INFORMANT AND FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW GUDE

RbCasaRsþénkRmitshKmn_ K1: tMbn;sikSa

Ep¥kelIEpnTIéntMbn;sikSa begáItskm μPaBcUlrYm BI CnbegÁalTaMgLay EdlmantMNag[RKb;smasPaB edIm,I BiPakSaBIlkçN³sMxan;²éntMbn;PUmisaRsþeRbIR)as;rbs;BYk eK edayykEpnTIrdæ)alCaeKal. etIRBMRbTl;tMbn;sikSamanGVIxøH? smÁal;enAelIEpnTI. K2: RbCaBlrdæ

etIenAkñúgtMbn;sikSamancMnYnRbCaCnrs;enAb:unμannak;? K3: cMnYnRKYsar

etIenAkñúgtMbn;sikSamancMnYnxñgpÞHb:unμanRKUsar? K4: GRtacMNakRsuk

etIenAqñaMmunmankarekIneLIg b¤fycuHnUvcMnYnRbCaCnEdlpøas;TIlMenA cUl b¤cakecj BItMbn;sikSa? ¬kt;Rta ¬+¦ b¤ ¬-¦ BIkarpøas; cUl b¤ecj¦ K5: Gayu etIPaKryénkRmitGayurbs;RbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn;sikSamanb:unμan³ 0-18 qñaM:>>>>>>>>>>>>? 9-30 qñaM: >>>>>>>>>>>>? 31-50 qñaM: >>>>>>>>>>>>? nigelIsBI 50 qñaM: >>>>>>>>>>>>? K6: eynD½r¼ePT

etImanRbCaCnb:unμanPaKryCaburs? nig b:unμan PaKryCaRsþI?

K7: karGb;rM etIcMnYnmFümPaKRbCaCnEdlmanGayuelIsBI16qñaM cMnYnb:unμanenAtMbn;sikSakMBugsikSa?

RkumkargarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm KWsgÇwmeRCIserIs nig¼b¤ Ekéqñ sMNYr Ep¥kelItMbn;sikSa. Tinñn½yTak;Tgnwg bBaðaeynD½r KYrEtyk citþTukdak;nUv ral;lkçN³vinicä½ysikSaTaMgGs;.

enAeBlEdlGñkpþl;cemøIyminGaceqøIy nigsMNYreT ¬kt;sMKal;faKat;mindwg¦ RkumkargarKYrEtrkviFisaRsþfμI eday Ep¥ksßanPaBCak;EsþgkñúgtMbn;sikSa.


K8: karecHGan nigecHsresr etIRbCaBlrdæEdlmanlT§PaBecHGan nigsresrmancMnYnb:unμanPaKry? K9: CnCatiPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§

etIRkumsMxan;²nImYy² ¬CnCatiPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§¦enAkñúgtMbn;sikSamancMnYnb:unμanPaK ryb:unμan?

K10: sasna etIsmasPaBénsasnaenAkñúgtMbn;sikSamanGVIxøH¬PaKryénRkumsasnasMxan;² nImYy²enA kñúgtMbn;sikSa¦³ kt;RtacUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>> kt;RtacUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> kt;RtacUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

K11: Pasa etIPasasMxan;²EdlniyayenAkñúgtMbn;sikSamanGVIxøH¬PaKryénPasasMxan;² nImYy²enA kñúgtMbn;sikSa¦³ sresrcUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sresrcUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sresrcUl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

K12: muxrbr cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam³

muxrbrsMxan;² enAkñúgshKmn_

PaKryénkargarEdl RbCaBlrdæyl;faCa muxrbrCamuxrbrbzm

cMnYnRbCaCnEdlyl;famuxrbrCa

muxrbrbzm

PaKryénkargarEdl RbCaBlrdæyl;faCa

muxrbrCamuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM 1> 2> 3> 4> 5> ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ karGPivDÆGaCIvkmμ kmμsiT§i K13: ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ cUrKUsrgVg;elIesvakmμ b¤GaCIvkm μ EdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa³ esvakmμ³ salaeron/ eBTüRbcaMkar/ KilannubdæayikarRbcaMkar/ mnÞIreBTü/ KøInikBüa)alCMgW/

GKÁisnI/ TUrs½BÞ/ dMeNIrkar Internet/ viTüú/ TUrTsSn_/ kaEst/ eragcRkRbRBwtþkmμTwksMGuy/ eragcRkTwkkk/ RkumkargarksagpøÚvfñl;/ karpÁt;pÁg;Twkdl;eKhdæan/ esvakm μkmμFnaKar/


smaKm\NTanbgVil/ viharsasna ¬GIusøam RBHBuT§ katUlIk¦/ RbB½n§rdæ)alsaFarN³/ KmnaKmn_

GaCIvkm μnana³ esvakmμR)ak;km©I/ pÞHsMNak;/ sNæaKar/ ePaCnIydæan/ haglk;mðÚb/ kEnøglk;eRbg/ haglk;TMnij/ Pñak;garRkumh‘uneTscrN_/ rmNIydæan/ .l.

GgÁkarshKmn_mUldæan nig\NTanEdlGacTTYl)an bMeBjtaragxageRkamenH³

GaCIvkmμ RbePTshKmn_ RbPB\NTan pøÚvkar ¼ eRkApøÚvkar

karR)ak; lkçxNçTTYl)an cMnYnRbCaCn ¼ Rkum EdlTTYl)an\NTan

]Ta> karlk;RtI

pÞal;xøÜn Qμ Üj eRkApøÚvkar 24° K μanlkçxNÐ nigx©I )anral;eBl

35°

]Ta> RkumCYyxøÜnÉg FnaKa pøÚvkar 12° begáItRkumCYyxøÜnÉg nigRkumsnSM

20- 100°

RbPB\NTan³ BImitþP½Rk ¼ RKYsar ¼ Q μ Üj ¼ FnaKar ¼ RkumsnSMRbePTshKmn_³ pÞal;xøÜn ¼ RkumCYyxøÜnÉg ¼ smaKm ¼ édKUGaCIvkmμ


skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT K14-25: skmμPaB/ TMnijnigesvakmμ/ RbePTénkareRbIR)as;/ témøTMnij nigesvakmμ/ TMnij

nigesvakmμRbQmnwgTIpSa/ KMrUénkareRbIR)as;/ kRmiténkarb:HBal;/ RbePTénkar b:HBal;/ kRmiténkareRbIR)as;edayGñkeRkA/ kareRbIR)as;rbs;RKYsar

cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam³ ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A: K14-25 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_kñúgkar bMeBj taragxageRkamenH¦

skmμPaB tMbn;eqñr

nig EdnsmuRT

TMnijnig esvakmμ tMbn;eqñr

nig EdnsmuRT

RbePTén kareRbI R)as;

¬bzm¦

témøTMnij nig

esvakmμ

TMnij nig

esvakmμ RbQm nwgTIpSa ¬bzm¦

KMrUénkareRbI R)as;

kRmiténkar b:HBal;

RbePT énkar b:HBal; ¬bzm¦

kRmit énkar

eRbIR)as; edayGñk

eRkA

kareRbIR)as; rbs;

RKYsar ¬bzm¦

etIPaKrymuxrbrepSg²EdlmanenAkñúgshKmn_manGVIxøH? cgRkgGVIEdlCMTas;Kña¼CamYyskmμPaB EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkareRbIR)as;eGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñrsmuRT.

K26: GñkBak;B½n§ ¬erobrab;ral;GñkBak;B½n§EdleRbIpÞal;FnFaneGkULÚsIutMbn;eqñr-smuRT¦ cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam³

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr* RkumédKUBak;B½n§TI1 RkumédKUBak;B½n§TI2 RkumédKUBak;B½n§TI3

* karbegáIttaragedayEp¥keTAelIdMeNIrkarrbs;skmμPaBnImYy² (K14)


K27: TRmg;BIGñkeTscrN_ etImancMnYneP£óveTscrb:unμannak;kñúgmYyqñaMmkTsSnatMbn;enH? etImancMnYneP£óveTscrTaMgenHmkBINaxøH? kñúgRbeTs>>>>>>> eRkARbeTs>>>>>>>>¬k/ x/ K/ >>>¦ etImancMnYneP£óveTscrb:unμannak;kñúgmYyEx²mkTsSnatMbn;enH? mkra>>>>>>>>>>? kumÖ³>>>>>>>>>>? mIna>>>>>>>>>>? emsa>>>>>>>>>>? ]sPa>>>>>>>>>>? mifuna>>>>>>>>>>? kkáda>>>>>>>>>>? sIha>>>>>>>>>>? kBaØa>>>>>>>>>>? tula>>>>>>>>>? vicäika>>>>>>>>>>? FñÚ>>>>>>>>>>>? - etIeP£óveTscrN_TaMgenHeFVIdMeNIrtammeFüa)ayGVI? ynþehaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? k):al;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? rfynþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? nigepSg²>>>>>>>> - etIPaKryGayuéneP£óveTscrN_TaMgenaH manGayuBIb:unμanxøH? 0-18>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19-30>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 31-50>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> elIsBI50qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - etIPaKryP£óveTscrN_TaMgenaH manbursb:unμan RsþIb:unμan? burs³>>>>>>>? RsþI³>>>>>>>>>>>>>? - etIPaKryeP£óveTscrN_b:unμan Edlcab;GarmμN_nwgskmμPaBxageRkamenH? emIlFm μCati>>>>>>>>>> elgtameqñrxSac;>>>>>>>>>> muCTwkemIlpáafμ>>>>>>>>>> ensaTkMsanþ>>>>>>>>>> cab;GarmμN_nwgRbéBNI>>>>>>>>>> nigskmμPaBnanadéTeTot>>>>>>>>>>>

GPi)alkic© sßab½n nigRkumRbwkSaeFVIesckþIseRmccitþ K28-32:RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg/ EpnkarRKb;RKg/ smtßPaBGnuvtþn_c,ab;/ karRKb;RKgFnFan/

bTbBaØtþi nigmuxtMENgpøÚvkar³ cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam³ ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, K28-K32 sRmab;]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBj¦. skmμPaB tMbn;eqñr*

Epnkar RKb;RKg

¬man¼K μan¦

smtßPaB Gnuvtþn_c,ab; ¬man¼K μan¦

cMnYnbuKÁlik

fvika bTbBaØtþi nig muxtMENgpøÚvkar

¬man¼K μan¦

TMnak;TMng c,ab; nig bTbBaØtþi

¬man¼K μan¦

karGnuvtþtam c,ab; nig bTbBaØtþi TaMgpøÚvkar nig

eRkApøÚvkar GñkPUmi GñkcUlfμ I

*erobcMbBa©IedayEp¥kelIskmμPaBEdl)ankMNt;enA K14


K33: bTbBaØtþi nigmuxtMENgpøÚvkar ¼ TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam³

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI

karerobcMtMENgminEmnpøÚvkar

c,ab;pøÚvkar kRmitGnuvtþtamGñkPUmi GñkcUlf μ I

begáIttaragedayEp¥keTAelIdMeNIrkarrbs;skmμPaBnImYy² K14

karBinitüBic½yeTAelITMenomTmøab; bTbBaØtþi c,ab;pøÚvkar RbsinebIvasßitenAkñúgbribTenAmUldæanbc©úb,nñ

K34: karelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A,K34 sRmab;]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtaragxageRkam³

RkumGñkBak;B½n§ GtßRbeyaCn_BIkarpþl;[ RbePTelIkTwkcitþ

K35: karcUlrYm nigkareBjcitþrbs;GñkBak;B½n§ sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A,K34 sRmab;]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtaragxageRkam³

RkumGñkBak;B½n§* kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ nigskmμPaBRKb;RKg**

karcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§¬1-5¦***

kRmiteBjcitþCamYykarcUlrYm¬x<s; mFüm b¤ Tab¦

*begáIttarageTAtamkarkMNt;RkumGñkBak;B½n§ (K26)

**begáIttaragskmμPaBRKb;RKgEdlEp¥kelIEpnkarRKb;RKg (K29) RbsinCaman ***1= KμankarcUlrYm 5=karcUlrYmedayeBjelj


K36: sßab½nGñkBak;B½n§ nigshKmn_¦ cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam³

sßabn½shKmn_ pøÚvkar b¤ eRkApøÚvkar muxgarsMxan;² \T§iBl ¬eTAelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr bBaðashKmn_ nigTaMg\T§iBleRkAtMbn;sikSa¦

K37: \T§iBl nigGMNac erobrab;sßabn½ nigbuKÁlmñak;²Edl)ancUlrYmkñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþGMBIskm μPaBxøÜn ¬]Ta>

kEnøgNa? eBlNa? dUcemþc? nigGñkNaGacTTYlxusRtUvskm μPaBTaMgenH? etIGñkNa ¬skm μPaB Gayu eynD½r¦ GVIeTot ¬EdlminCaEpñkcaM)ac;éndMeNIrkarpøÚvkar¦

)aneFVI karBiPakSa sRmab;skm μPaBedIm,ITTYlxusRtUvBRgIk b¤pøas;bþÚr? etITINaEdlGñkTTYlB½t’mansþBIFnFantMbn;eqñrsmuRT ¬dUcCa³ GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al

RkumsgÁmsIuvil GñksarB½t’man¦?


ÉksarbEnßm C: karENnaMcuHeFVIsmÖasn_RKYsarANNEX C: SURVEY GUIDE

RbCasaRsþRKYsar S1-8: Gayu/ eynD½r¼ePT/ karGb;rM/ CnCatiPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§/ sasna/ Pasa/ muxrbr/ TMhMRKYsar

cMnYn smaCik RKYsar*

Gayu eynD½r CnCatiPaKtic ¼vNÑ³¼

kulsm<½n§

kRmitbBa©b;karsikSa

¬sYrGñkman GayuelIs

16 qñaM

sasna** CnCatiedIm

PaKtic

Pasa ¬breTs

nig kMeNIt¦

muxrbr bzm

muxrbr bnÞab; bnSM

emRKYsar***

*kMNt;smaCikenAkñúgRKYsareday eQμaH b¤muxgar ¬dUcCa³ CIdUn¦

**B½t’mansþIBIsasnaGacmankarlM)aksYrenAkRmitRKYsar b:uEnþeyIgGacsYrkñúgkRmitshKmn_BIGñkpþl;B½t’man b¤Tinñn½y EdlmanRsab; ***emRKYsar³ kMNt;faGñkNaKWCaemRKYsar ¬dUcCa³mþay¦ nigRbsinebIRsþITaMenaHCaem:may¦

S9: RbPBcMNUlkñúgRKYsar etIRbPBcMNUlsMxan;²rbs;RKYsarGñk)anmkBIGVIxøH? etIcMNUlbnÞab;bnSMsMxan;²rbs;RKYsarGñk)anmkBIGVI?

RkumkargarRtYtBinitüesdækic©sgÁm KW sgÇwmeRCIserIs nig¼b¤ Ekéqñ sMNYr Ep¥kelItRmUvkartMbn;sikSa.

enAeBlEdlGñkpþl;cemøIyminGac eqøIy nigsMNYreT kt;sMKal;fa BYkKat;mindwgelIGVIxøH.


skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT ¬kRmitRKYsar¦

S10-14: skm μPaBrbs;RKYsar/ TMnij nigesvakmμrbs;RKYsar/ RbePTeRbIR)as;/ karEsVgrkTIpSarbs;RKYsar/ kareRbIR)as;rbs;RKYsar³ ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S10-14 edIm,ICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag¦

skmμPaBtMbn; eqñr nigsmuRT

TMnij nigesvakm μtMbn;eqñrnigsmuRT

viFIsaRsþ eKaledATIpSa kareRbIR)as; rbs;RKYsar

1

2

3

\riyabT nigTsSn³yl;eXIj nigkarcUlrYmpøÚvkar¼eRkApøÚvkarrbs;sßab½n S15: KμanTIpSar nigKμantémøeRbIR)as; ¬karyl;dwgéncMeNHdwgmUldæaneTAelItémøeRbIR)as;¼Kμan

témøeRbIR)as; vamincaM)ac;Ep¥kEteTAelIkarsikSaCalkçN³viTüasaRsþeT kar[témøeRbIR)as; nig cMeNHdwgrbs;shKmn_mUldæan KWCakacaM)ac;¦ segáteTAelIsMNYrEsVgyl;xageRkam eday[GñkcUlrYmeqøIyeTAelIkaryl;eXIjrbs;BYkeK

BIkRmitÉkPaB dUcCa³ yl;RsbTaMgRsug¬5¦ yl;Rsb¬4¦ minyl;Rsb¬3¦ bdiesF¬2¦ b¤bdiesFdac;xat¬1¦. (a). páaf μmansar³sMxan;sRmab;karBardIBIBüúHrlk ¬K μanTIpSartémøedayRbeyal¦ (b). es μAsmuRTpþl;RbPBGaharsRmab;stVGeNþIksmuRT nigRCUkTwksmuRT ¬K μanTIpSartémødayRbeyal¦ (c). páafμ nigqksmuRT)anpþl;[eyIgnUvesaP½NPaBxüg nigRtId¾l¥

¬K μanTIpSartémødayRbeyal¦ (d). éRBekagkagmanRbeyaCn_edaypþl;cMNIsRmab;stVsmuRT

¬K μanTIpSartémøedayRbeyal¦


(e). páafμmansar³sMxan; eRBaHfavamanesaP½NPaBl¥ ¬K μantémøeRbIR)as; témøsRmab;CIvPaBrs;enA¦

(f). ´cg;[GnaKtGñkCMnan;eRkay rIkrayCamYYyFnFanéRBekagkag nigpáafμ ¬K μantémøeRbIR)as; Tukekrþ×tMENl¦ (g). karensaTKYrEtkMNt;RBMEdnenAkñúgtMbn;NamYy[)anc,as;las; eTaHbICaK μannrNamñak;

eFVIkarensaTenAtMbn;enaHk¾eday KWTuksRmab;EtRtI nigpáafμlUtlas;Etb:ueNÑaH ¬témøsRmab;karrs;enA¦

(h). eyIgKYrEtkMNt;RBMEdnéntMbn;eqñrmYycMnYn dUecñHenAeBlGnaKtkUnecACMnan;eRkaynwg manbrisßanFm μCatisRmab;kMsanþ ¬témøeRbIR)as; Tukekrþ×tMENl¦ S16: karyl;eXIjBIlkçxNÐFnFan

etIGñkGacBN’naBIlkçxNÐbc©úb,nñral;kareRbIR)as;FnFannImYy² edaykMNt; l¥Nas; ¬5¦ l¥ ¬4¦ minl¥minGaRkk; ¬3¦ GaRkk; ¬2¦ GaRkk;Nas; ¬1¦ ¬eFIVkarEkERbbBaI¢raynamFnFan edayEp¥kelITItaMgrbs;FnFan¦. valxSac;____ éRBekagkag____ páaf μ____ Twks¥at¬Tenø¦____ éRBeQIenAtMbn;x<g;rab____ es μAsmuRT____ kMBugEplk;RtI____

S17: TsSn³yl;eXIjBIkarKRmamkMEhg erobrab;karKRmamkMEhgcMbg²cMnYn5 EdlmaneTAelIsuxumalPaBFnFantMbn;eqñr?

1>________ 2>________ 3> ________4> ________ 5> ________

S18: cMeNHdwgGMBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtinana etImanc,ab;BIbTbBaØtiþnanaEdlTak;TgnwgskmμPaBxageRkamTaMgenHeT ¬c,ab;mUldæan c,ab;

nigTMenomTmøab;eRkApøÚvkar nigc,ab;sßab½n¦ cemøIy man b¤K μan ¬begIátbBa¢Iskm μPaBEp¥kelIskmμPaB EdlRsab;¬K14¦³ karensaT_____ kareRbIR)as;edImekagkag_____ varIvb,km μ_____

karbegIátsNæaKar_______karbegIátpÞHsMNak;ÉkCn______ kardwkCBa¢ÚntamEdnsmuRT_____

cUrBnül;xøI²BImUlehtuenAeBlcemøIyeqIøyfa man b¤K μan. S19: karGnuvtþtam

dak;kRmitBI1dl;5 ¬1= minGnuvtþtam/ 5=GnuvtþtamTaMgRsug¦eTAelITMhMEdlRbCaCn Gnuvtþtamc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþnanaénkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr?


S20: karbgçM[Gnuvtþtam dak;kRmitBI1dl;5 ¬1=KμankarbgçM/ 5=mankarbgçMxøaMg¦eTAelITMhMEdlc,ab; nigbTbBaØtiþ nanaRtUv)anbgçM[Gnuvtþtam? S21: karcUlrYmenAkñúgkarseRmccitþ

kMNt;BI1dl;5 ¬1=KμankarcUlrYm/ 5=skm μPaBcUlrYmeBjelj¦eTAelITMhMEdlGñkcUlrYm enAkúñgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ énkarRKb;RKgFnFantMbn;eqñr? S22: smaCikPaBenAkñúgGgÁkarEdlCaédKUBak;B½n§ etIenAkúñgRKYsarrbs;GñkmansmaCikNamñak;EdlCasmaCiikPaBenAkúñgGgÁPaBédKUBak;B½n§ Edr b¤eT?________ etIGgÁkareQ μaHGVI?________

S23: yl;dwgGMBIbBaðaRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr eRkABIkarKRmamkMEhg cUrrkemIlnUvbBaðaFM²cMbg cMnYn2 EdlkMBugRbQmnwgkarRKb;RKg

tMbn;eqñrenAkúñgshKmn_rbs;Gñk? 1> 2> S24: yl;dwgGMBIdMeNaHRsaykñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr

etIGIVxøHEdlGñkemIleXIjfa KWCadMeNaHRsaynUvral;bBaðaTaMgenH?1>________ 2>________ S25: yl;dwgGMBIbBaðarbs;shKmn_

cUrrkbBaðacMbgcMnYn3 EdlshKmn_kMBugEtRbQmmux? 1>______ 2>______ 3. ______ S26: eCaKC½ykñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr

cUrKitemIlGVIEdlCadMeNIrkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrl¥cMnYn 2 kñúgshKmn_rbs;Gñk? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S27: karRbQmkñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr cUrrkemIlGVIEdlCakarRbQmcMnYn 2 elIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrkñúgshKmn_rbs;Gñk? 1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S28: rebobrs;enAedayEp¥kelIsmÖar³ etIpÞHenHCakmμsiT§irbs;Gñkb¤? )aT b¤ eT TMhMpÞH nigcMnYnbnÞb; sRmab;B½t’manBIsmÖar³sagsg;pÞH

o RbePTpÞH³ Rbk;ek,Óg_______ eQI_______ Rbk;s,Úv_______


o kaeRbIR)as;Twk³ bMBg;Twk>>>>>> GNþÚgÉkCn >>>>>>>> GNþÚgsaFarN³>>>>>>>>>> sÞwg >>>>>>>>>

o kaeRbIzamBl³ bNþajGKÁIsnI>>>>>>> zamBlRBHGaTitü>>>>>>>> GaKuy>>>>>>>> K μan>>>>>>>>

sRmab;B½t’manBIRTBüsm,tþisRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit - etIGñkmanTUkpÞal;xøÜneT? - etImanTUkb:unμanEdlCakmμsiT§ipÞal;rbs;Gñk? - etITUkTaMgenHeFVIGMBIsmÖar³GVIEdr ¬eQI b¤pøasÞik¦? - etITUkTaMgenHdMeNIrkaredayeRbIGVI ¬Ecv b¤m:asIun¦? - etIGñkmansmÖar³nig]bkrN_GVIxøHEdlCakm μsiT§irbs;Gñk? - etImanmnusSb:unμannak;eFVIkarCamYyGñk?

kMNt;cMNaM³ eKalkarN_EnnaMsmÖasn_enHRtUvsRmbeTAnwgbribTéntRmUvkarenAfñak;mUldæan. rIÉB½t’mandéTeTot dUcCa³ karGb;rM (S3) GacTTYl)anedaysMedAeTAelIFnFanénRKYsar TaMgenaHEdr ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S29¦.

S29: kRmiténPaBRkIRk sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S29 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_edIm,IbMeBjtaragxageRkamenH.

muxrbr ¼ karciBa©wmCIvit

kñúgRkumshKmn_ ¬Ep¥kelImUldæan

muxrbr nig RbPBFnFan

sRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit

RbePTerobcM énskmμPaB ciBa©wmCIvit

sRmab;RKYsar cMeBaHRkum

kñúgshKmn_

cMnYnRbCaCn ¼ cMnYnRKYsar EdlBak;B½n§ nwgmuxrbr

lkçN³sm,tþiénmuxrbr ¼

RkumciBa©wmCIvit ¬eynD½r ¼ Gayu ¼

TMhMRKYsar ¼ RkumCnPaKtic ¼

.l.¦

kRmitGaRs½y eTAelIFnFan

tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

kRmitPaBRkIRkkñúgRkumshKmn_


ÉksarbEnßm D: taragviPaKkarsmÖasn_CnbegÁal nigRbPBTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;ANNEX D: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW/SECONDARY SOURCE ANALYSIS

SHEET

PaBes μ IKñaénRbCasaRsþshKmn_

K1: tMbn;sikSa³ begáItEpnTIFnFanmUldæanCamYyGñkBak;B½n§ nigRBMRbTl;neya)ayéntMbn;sikSa. karerobcM

lMhat;KUsEpnTIedaymankarcUlrYm nigEpnTImUYldæan )anbgðajBIsßanPaBsMxan;²énRTg;RTay PUmisaRsþEdl)ankt;sMKal;edayshKmn_. eRbIR)as;eQμaHRbcaMtMbn; edaypþl;nUvGMNHGMNag Edl mankaryl;dwgenAkñúgtMbn;. EpnTIenHnwgpþl;nUvmUldæansRmab;EpnTIepSgeTot EdleRbIsRmab;viPaK PaBxus²KñadUcCaskmμPaBeRbIR)as;FnFan. niyaydl;krNIsikSaenAkñúgEpñkTI1 xagelI ]TahrN_ EpnTImUldæanEdlerobcMedayshKmn_ KWCaEpñkmYyénlMhat; SocMon Gnuvtþeday Agatti,

Lakshadweep . karviPaKbEnßm³ karKUsEpnTI GIS edayeRbI]bkrN_ GPS GaceRbIedIm,IkMNt;EpnTIshKmn_

¬emIlenAkñúgRbGb;4¦. bEnßmelIsenHeTot karKUsEpnTIrdUvkal edaymankarcUlrYmsRmab; tMbn;sikSaGacemIleXIjBI skm μPaBcMbg² bBaða nig»kasnana tamry³vdþRbcaMqñaM nig TMnak;TMng rvagsmasPaBTaMgLayEdlkMNt;B½t’maneTAtamrdUvkal. ]TahrN_ enAkñúgRbGb;5 bgðajBI rebobEdlRkumkargarGacerobcMdüaRkamrdUvkaledIm,IbgðajBI vb,Fm’ muxrbr nigktþaGakasFatu kMLúgeBlExxus²KñaénqñaM .

tamry³karviPaK vamansar³sM xan;Nas; edIm,IeFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMg karsegátxagelIkñúgtMbn;sikSa nigeFVIkarBicarNa RbsinebI Tinñn½yBIkarsm Öasn_RtUvkar bBa¢ak; nig¼b¤ PaBcaM)ac; .

enAeBlKNnaeTAelIsMNYr minRtUvbBa©Úlral;cemøIy } mindwg} eT kñúgkarKNna. mYyvijeTot karKNnaKYr EtEp¥kelIcemøIyCak;lak; eTAnwgsMNYr.

eRbIviFanckçúviBaØaN nigtaragEdl tMNag[Tinñn½yéntMbn;sikSa eBl evlaknøgmk cMNat;fñak; nig kareFVI esckþIseRmccitþ. karKUsEpnTI nig düaRkamCamYykarcUlrUmeday shKmn_CYyviPaK nigvaytémøTinñn½y enAmUldæan.


RbGb;TI4 ³ EpnTI GIS edaymankarcUlrYm EpnTIPUmisaRsþenH KWRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaymankarcUlrYmBIRbCaCn enAkñúgXMu eRCayRbs; RsukekaHkug kñúgskmμPaB eFVIlMhat; BIkarRtYtBinitü esdækic©sgÁm eTAelItMbn;QUgeRCayRbs;rbs;BYkeK. CadMbUg RkumshKmn_eFVIkarBiPakSaKña edIm,IeRCIsykkMNt;sMKal;EpnTI ehIy ykpÞaMgRkdasFMmkeFVIkarerobcMKUs nig

dak;sBaØasMKal;RbPBFnFannanaEdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;rbs;BYkKat;. ral;sBaØasMKal;RbPBFnFan EdlmanenAelIEpnTIEdlbegáIteLIgedayRkumshKmn_TaMgenH

RkumkargarGaccmøgecj edIm,IykeTAerobcMCamYyEpnTI GIS EdlmanxñatRtwmRtUv ehIyral;B½t’man Edl)anBIshKmn_ GacCYybMeBjbEnßmCamYyB½t’manenAelIEpnTIEdlmanRsab;. RbGb;TI5 ³ taragRbtiTintamrdUvkalsRmab;shKmn_ tamIlNaDU enARbeTs\NÐa

TIkEnøg³ Qinfama:nI NahÁa/ éf¶TI 13 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2004/ evla 10³03 eTA 10³45/ cMnYnGñkcUlrYm³ 10

lr skmμPaB sBaØa

sMKal;

Ex

]sPa mifuna kkáda sIha kBaØa tula vicäika FñÚ mkra kumÖ³ mIna emsa

1 rdUvePøóg Føak;xøaMg

rdUvePøóg Føak;tic

2 rdUvxül; BIlic

rdUvxül; BIeCIg


rdUvxül; BIt,Úg

3 muxrbr pÞal;xøÜn

muxrbr sIuQñÜl

4 karcMNay

5 CMgWyayI

6 BiFIbuNü

7 erobkar

K2: RbCaBlrdæ cMnYnRbCaBlrdæsrubenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa³

K3: cMnYnRKYsar cMnYnRKYsarsrubenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa³

K4: GRtacMNakRsuk etIenAqñaMmunmankarekIneLIg b¤fycuHnUvcMnYnRbCaCnEdlpøas;TIlMenA cUl b¤cakecjBItMbn; sikSab¤eT? ¬kt;Rta ¬+¦ b¤ ¬-¦ BIkarpøas; cUl b¤ecj¦

K5: Gayu PaKryGayuenAkñúgshKmn_ 0-18qñaM 19-30qñaM 31-50qñaM elIsBI50qñaM

¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, K8 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag¦ K6: eynD½r¼ePT

PaKryRsþI nigburs enAkñúgshKmn_Ca³ RsþI>>>>>>>>>>>>>° burs>>>>>>>>>>° K7: karGb;rM cMnYnmFüménGñkmanGayuelIsBI 16 qñaMkMBugsikSa ³


K8: karecHGan nigecHsresr PaKryéncMnYnRbCaBlrdæEdlmalT§PaBecHGan nigsresr³ K9: CnCatiPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§

PaKryRkum ¬CnCatiPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n§¦nImYy²³ kt;Rta>>>>>>>>>> kt;Rta>>>>>>>>>>> K10: sasna PaKrysasnaenAkñúgshKmn_³ kt;RtacUl>>>>>>>>>>>> kt;RtacUl>>>>>>>>>>>> K11: Pasa PaKryPasaniyayenAkñúgshKmn_³ kt;RtaBIPasacUl>>>>>>>>>>> kt;RtaBIPasacUl>>>>>>>>>>>> K12: muxrbr ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, K12 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag¦

muxrbrsMxan;² enAkñúgshKmn_


muxrbrbzm

cMnYnRbCaCnEdlyl;famuxrbrCa

muxrbrbzm

PaKryénkargarEdl RbCaBlrdæyl;fa CamuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM


muxrbrbnÞab;bnSMbEnßm 1> 2> 3> 4> 5>

ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ karGPivDÆGaCIvkmμ nigPaBCam©as; K13: ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_ karGPivDÆGaCIvkmμ nigPaBCam©as; ehdæarcnasm<½n§shKmn_EdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa³

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

karGPivDÆGaCIvkmμ EdlmanenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa nigPaBCam©as; ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A,

K13 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag¦


GaCIvkmμ m©as;edIm TIkEnøgedIm m©as;pÞH cMNat;fñak;ERbRbYl*

*karkMNt;cMNat;fñak;y:agehacNas;mancMnYn 1

cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkamsþIBIsßab½nshKmn_ niglT§PaBTTYl)an\NTan

GaCIvkmμ RbePTGgÁkar shKmn_

RbPB\NTan pøÚvkar ¼ eRkApøÚvkar

cMnYnkarR)ak; lkçxNçedIm,I TTYl)an\NTan

cMnYnRkum ¼ RbCaCn

EdlTTYl)an BIesvakmμ\NTan

RbPB\NTan³ mitþPRk½ ¼ RKYsar ¼ Qμ Üj ¼ FnaKar ¼ RkumCYYyxøÜnÉgGgÁkarshKmn_³ buKÁl ¼ RkumCYyxøÜnÉg ¼ Rkumh‘un ¼ smaKm ¼ édKUr

skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT K14-25:skmμPaB/ TMnijnigesvakmμ/ RbePTénkareRbIR)as;/ témøTMnijnigesvakmμ/ eKaledA

TIpSasRmab;TMnijnigesvakmμ/ cMeNHdwgmUldæan/ KMrUeRbIR)as;/ skmμPaBenAmUldæan/ skmμPaBtamrdUvkal/ kRmitnigRbePTénkarb:HBal;/ kRmiteRbIR)as;edayGñkeRkA/ kareRbIR)as;lkçN³RKYsar³

cUrbMeBjtaragxageRkam ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, KS14-25 ]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBj¦


skmμ PaB tMbn; eqñr

smuRT

TMnij esva kmμ tMbn; eqñr

smuRT

viFI saRsþ eRbI

R)as; ]b

krN_

témø esva kmμ nig

TMnij

eKal edA

TIpSa

cMeNHdwg mUl dæan

KMrUénkar eRbI

R)as;

skmμPaB mUl dæan

rdUvkal

kRmitb:H

Bal;

RbePT b:H

Bal;

kRmit énkar

eRbIR)as; eday

GñkeRkA

eRbIR)as; Ca

lkçN³ RKYsar

eRbIEpnTIedaymankarcUlrYm edIm,ItMNag[karrkeXIjTaMgenH ¬Ep¥kelIÉksarbEnßm D, K1

nigÉksarbEnßm A, K19-22¦ skmμPaB

tMbn;eqñr-smuRT esvakmμ nigTMnij tMbn;eqñr-smuRT

kardkhUtykmk eRbInigmindkhUt

KMrUénkareRbIR)as; TIkEnøg eBlevla rdUvkal

K26: GñkBak;B½n§ ¬erobrab;ral;GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLayEdleRbIFnFantMbn;eqñredaypÞal;¦ sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, KS24 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag¦ GñkBak;B½n§ skmμPaB etITIkEnøgNaeFVIskmμPaB

nigrdUvNaxøH? RbePT

eynD½r ¼ Gayu

begáItbBa©IEdlerobrab;BIskmμPaBEdl)ankMNt; (K14) nigskmμPaB)anBIkareFVIsegát


K27: TRmg;éneP£óveTscrN_ etImancMnYneP£óveTscrb:unμannak;kñúgmYyqñaMmkTsSnatMbn;enH? etImancMnYneP£óveTscrTaMgenHmkBINaxøH? kñúgRbeTs eRkARbeTs ¬k> x >>>¦ etImancMnYneP£óveTscrb:unμannak;kñúgmYyEx²mkTsSnatMbn;enH? mkra>>>>>>>>>>? kumÖ³>>>>>>>>>>? mIna>>>>>>>>>>? emsa>>>>>>>>>>? ]sPa>>>>>>>>>>? mifuna>>>>>>>>>>? kkáda>>>>>>>>>>? sIha>>>>>>>>>>? kBaØa>>>>>>>>>>? tula>>>>>>>>>? vicäika>>>>>>>>>>? FñÚ>>>>>>>>>>>? - etIeP£óveTscrN_TaMgenHeFVIdMeNIrtammeFüa)ayGVI? ynþehaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? k):al;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? rfynþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>? nigepSg²>>>>>>>> - etIPaKryGayuéneP£óveTscrN_TaMgenaH manGayuBIb:unμanxøH? 0-18>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19-30>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 31-50>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> elIsBI50qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - etIPaKryP£óveTscrN_TaMgenaH manbursb:unμan RsþIb:unμan? burs³>>>>>>>? RsþI³>>>>>>>>>>>>>? - etIPaKryeP£óveTscrN_b:unμan Edlcab;GarmμN_nwgskmμPaBxageRkamenH? emIlFm μCati>>>>>>>>>> elgtameqñrxSac;>>>>>>>>>> muCTwkemIlpáafμ>>>>>>>>>> ensaTkMsanþ>>>>>>>>>> cab;GarmμN_nwgRbéBNI>>>>>>>>>> nigskmμPaBnanadéTeTot>>>>>>>>>>>

GPi)alkic© K28-K32: RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg¼rebobRKb;RKgrdæ)al EpnkarRKb;RKg karGnuvtþn_c,ab;

karRKb;RKgFnFan tMENgnigbBaØtiþc,ab;pøÚvkar sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, K28-32 edIm,ICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag

skmμPaB tMbn;eqñr*

RkumRbwkSa RKb;RKg

¬man¼K μan¦ nigeQμa¼H

Epnkar RKb;RKg

¬man¼Kμan¦

karGnuvtþc,ab;

¬man¼K μan¦

cMnYnbuKÁlik

fvikar tMENg nigbBaØtþi pøÚvkar

¬man¼Kμan¦

TMnak;TMng rvagc,ab;nig

bTbBaØatþinana ¬man¼K μan¦

* karbegáIttaragedayEp¥keTAelIdMeNIrkarrbs;skmμPaBnImYy² (K14)


K33: karkan;tMENgnigbBaØtþic,ab;minpøÚvkar/ TMenomTmøab; nigRbéBNI skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr* TMenomTmøab; nig

RbéBNI karkan;tMENg

minpøÚvkarbTbBaØtiþc,ab;

minpøÚvkar kRmiténkarRbmUlpþúM

* begáIttaragedayEp¥keTAelIdMeNIrkarrbs;skmμPaBnImYy² (K14)

K34: karelIkTwkcitþshKmn_ sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, K28-32 edIm,ICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag

RkumédKUBak;B½n§ RbePTelIkTwkcitþ

K35: kareBjcitþ nigkarcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§

RkumGñkBak;B½n§* kareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ nigskmμPaBRKb;RKg**

karcUlrYmrbs;GñkBak;B½n§¬1 dl; 5¦***

kRmiteBjcitþkñúgkarcUlrYm¬x<s; mFüm Tab¦

*erobcMbegáItbBa©IGñkBak;B½n§Edl)ankMNt;faCaGñkBak;B½n§ (K26)

**begáItbBa¢IskmμPaBRKb;RKgtamry³EpnkarRKb;RKg(K29) EdlmanRsab; ***1= mincUlrYm 5=cUlrYmeBjelj


K36-K37: GMNac nig\T§iBlénGgÁkarshKmn_ nigGñkBak;B½n§ GgÁkarshKmn_ pøÚvkar b¤eRkApøÚvkar muxgarsMxan;² \T§iBl ¬elIkarRKb;RKgFnFan

tMbn;eqñr nigbBaðashKmn_¦

segçb GgÁkarshKmn_ cMnYn PaKry muxgarsMxan;² \T§iBl ¬elIkarRKb;RKgFnFan

tMbn;eqñr nigbBaðashKmn_¦


ÉksarbEnßm E: taragviPaKénkarcuHeFVIsmÖasn_RKYsar ANNEX E: SURVEY ANALYSIS SHEET

RbCasaRsþRKYsar

S1-8: Gayu TMnak;TMngeynD½r¼ePT karGb;rM CnPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n CMenOsasna Pasa muxrbr TMhMRKYsar

muxrbr

sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S1-S8 edIm,ICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag muxrbr ¬BinitübBa¢I

énmuxrbreday Ep¥keTAelI cemøIy¦

bzm bnÞab;bnSM cMnYnsmaCikshKmn_srub KitCa PaKryedayEp¥;kelI

muxrbrTaMgGs; ¬bzmnigbnÞab;bnSM¦

cMnYnsmaCik RKYsarRtUv)an cat;TukCamux

rbrbzm

PaKrysmaCikRKYsar RtUv)ancat;Tuk Camuxrbrbzm

cMnYnsmaCikRKYsarRtUv)an cat;TukCamux rbrbnÞab;bnSM

PaKrysmaCik RKYsarRtUv)an cat;TukCamux rbr bnÞab;bnSM

A (A/I) x 100% Q (Q/I) x 100% (A+Q)/Ix100%

B (B/I) x 100% R (R/I) x 100% (B+R)/Ix100%

C (C/I) x 100% S (S/I) x 100% (C+S)/Ix100%

D (D/I) x 100% T (T/I) x 100% (D+T)/Ix100%

E (E/I) x 100% U (U/I) x 100% (E+U)/Ix100%

F (F/I) x 100% V (V/I) x 100% (F+V)/Ix100%

Misc* ¬kt;Rtaral; muxrbrRKYsarTaMg Gs;Edl mancMnYntic Cag5°¦

G (G/I) x 100% W (W/I) x 100% (G+W)/Ix100%

Kμanmuxrbr ¬dUcCa³ H (H/I) x 100% X (X/I) x 100% (H+Y)/Ix100%

tamry³karviPaKTinñn½y vamansar³sMxan; pgEdr edayeFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMgEp¥keTAelI karsegátenAkñúgtMbn;sikSa nigBicarNa eTAelIB½t’manNaEdlmanPaBpÞúyKña nig minsUvc,as;las;.

enAeBleFVIkarKNnaral;lT§plsMNYr Edl)ansYr KWminRtUvbBa©ÚlB½t’manNa EdlGñkpþl;cemøIymindwgeT.mYyvijeTot karKNnaKYrEp¥kelIkareqøIytbBitR)akd cMeBaHsMNYrEdl)ansYr.


sisS/ GñkcUlnivtþn_/ GñkKμankargareFVI¦

srub I 100% Y* ** ***

*mincaM)ac; = BIeRBaHral;Gñkpþl;cemøIyTaMgGs;minEmnmanmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSMTaMgGs;enaHeT**mincaM)ac; = 100° BIeRBaH ral;Gñkpþl;cemøIyTaMgGs;minEmnmanmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSMTaMgGs;enaHeT ***eRcInCag 100° BIeRBaHmuxrbrbzm nigmuxrbrbnÞab;bnSMRtUvdak;bBa©ÚlKña muxrbr edayKiteTAelIGayu nigkarGb;rM

sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S1-S8 sRmab;eFVICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag cemøIyKitCaPaKry ¬°¦

muxrbrbzm Gayu 0-15

Gayu 16-25

Gayu 25-45

elIs 45

kMBugsikSaGayuticCag

6qñaM

kMBugsikSa GayuBI 6-9qñaM

kMBugsikSa GayuelIs 9qñaM

muxrbr edayKiteTAelIeynD½r nigsasna

cemøIyKitCaPaKry ¬°¦

muxrbrbzm RsþI burs sBa¢ati

bMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

sasnabMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>


sasna bMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>



muxrbr edayKiteTAelIRkuménCMenO muxrbrbzm cemøIyKitCaPaKry ¬°¦

CnPaKtic¼vNÑ³ ¼kulsm<½n

bMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

CnPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n

bMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

CnPaKtic¼vNÑ³¼kulsm<½n

bMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

PasabMeBjcUl³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Pasa bMeBjcUl³

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

PasabMeBjcUl³

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

TMhMRKYsar

TMhMRKYsarCamFüm³ TMhMRKYsar nig rcnasm<½n§muxrbr

muxrbrbzm mFümPaKTMhM smaCikRKYsar

mFümPaKsmaCikRKYsarCaRsþI

mFümPaKsmaCik RKYsarCaburs

mFümPaKem RKYsarCaRsþI

mFümPaKemRKYsarCaRsþIemmay

srub

S9: RbPBcMNUlRKYsar muxrbr PaKrymuxrbrbzm PaKrymuxrbrbnÞab;bnSM

;


skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigEdnsmuRT S10-12: skmμPaBrbs;RKYsar/ TMnij nigesvakmμrbs;RKYsar/ RbePTénkareRbIR)as;

sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S10-S12 sRmab;eFVICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag skmμPaBtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT TMnij nigesvakmμtMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT RbePTénkareRbIR)as;

edayRKYsar 1>

2>

3>

S13: karEsVgrkTIpSarrbs;RKYsar sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S13 sRmab;eFVICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag

TMnij nigesvakm μ tMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT

manenAelI TIIpSarGnþrCati KitCaPaKry

manenAelITIIpSarCati

KitCaPaKry

manenAelITIIpSartMbn;

KitCaPaKry

manenAelITIIpSarmUldæan KitCaPaKry

S14: kareRbIR)as;CalkçN³RKYsar TMnij nigesvakm μ tMbn;eqñr nigsmuRT

kareRbIR)as; KitCaPaKry karlk;KitCaPaKry

karkMsanþ KitCaPaKry


\riyabf nigTsSn³yl;eXIj S15: K μantémøTIpSar nigK μantémøsRmab;eRbIR)as;

témøénesckþIraykarN_ cemøIyKitCaPaKry

1=bdiesF dac;xat

2=bdiesF

3=min

yl;Rsb4=

yl;Rsb 5=

yl;Rsb TaMgRsug

páafμmansar³sMxan;sRmab;karBardIBIBüúHrlk eBlGnaKtkarensaTkan;EtRbesIreLIg RbsinebIeyIgnaMKñabMpøajpáafμ

valesμAsmuRTpþl;cMNIsRmab;GeNIþknigRCUkTwk páafμ nigqksmuRTpþl;kEnøgd¾l¥sRmab;RtI nigxüg luHRtaEtéRBekagkagRtUv)ankarBar eyIgnwgminman RtIcab;eLIy

páafμmansar³sMxan;EtcMeBaHRtI nigkarmuCTwkemIl kMsanþb:ueNÑaH

´cg;[GnaKtGñkCMnan;eRkay rIkrayCamYyéRBekag kar nigpáafμ

RtUvmantMbn;hamXat; eTaHbICaminmannrNaeTAensaTtMbn;enaHk_eday eRBaHTuksRmab; páafμ nigRtI

eyIgKYrEtkMNt;RBMEdnéntMbn;eqñrmYycMnYn dUecñHenAeBlGnaKtGñkCMnan;eRkaynwgmanbrisßanFm μCati

esμAsmuRTK μantémøGVIsRmab;mnusSeLIy

S16: TsSn³yl;eXIjBIlkçxNÐFnFan sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S16 sRmab;eFVICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag

FanFan* l¥Nas;¬5¦ l¥¬4¦ minl¥minGaRkk;¬3¦ GaRkk;¬2¦ GaRkk;Nas;¬1¦ekagkag páafμ esμAsmuRT Twks¥at éRBeQItMbn;x<g;rab * bBa¢IGacRtUv)anEkERbGaRs½yeTAelITItaMgtMbn;


S17:TsSn³yl;eXIjBIkarKRmamkMEhg sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, S17 sRmab;Ca]TahrN_

kMNt;BIkarKRmamkMEhg karKRmamkMEhgRtUv)ankMNt;edayKitCaPaKry >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S18: cMeNHdwgBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtinana PaKrycMeNHdwgBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtinanamanTMnak;TMngeTAnwg ¬karbegáIttaragedayEp¥k

eTAelIkarRbRBwtþenAkñúgskmμPaBnImYy² (K14)¦ karensaT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> kareRbIR)as;ekagkag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> karbegáItTIlMenAÉkCn>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> varIvb,km μ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> EckcayTwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> karbegáItsNæaKar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> dwkCBa¢ÚntamEdnsmuRT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> S19-S21. karbgçMGnuvtþtam/ karGnuvtþ/ karcUlrYmkñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmccitþ

PaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyRtUv)anyl;dwgnUvral;kRmitnImYy²EdlkarGnuvtþtamc,ab; nigbTbBaØti nana eTAelIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrmandUcCa³ cemøIyKitCaPaKry

¬5¦karbgçMGnuvtþtam/ karGnuvtþ/

karcUlrYmTaMgRsug

¬4¦ ¬3¦ ¬2¦ ¬1¦minmankarbgçMGnuvtþtam/ karGnuvtþ/ karcUlrYm

karbgçMGnuvtþtam karGnuvtþ karcUlrYm

S22: smaCikPaBenAkñúgGgÁkar¼sßab½EdlCaédKUBak;B½n§ ¬sUmemIlÉksarbEnßm A, H22 sRmab;eFVICa]TahrN_kñúgkarbMeBjtarag¦ smaCikPaB *

PaKryEdlkt;RtaBIsmaCikPaBy:agehacNas;k¾manmYyGgÁkarEdr kt;RtaGgÁkarEdlmansmaCikPaB ° Gñkpþl;cemøIyEdl)ansMKal;GgÁkar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>


S23: yl;dwgBIbBaðakñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr bBaðasMxan;²EdlkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr bBaðaEdl)ankt;RtaKitCaPaKry ¬°¦ enAkñúgshKmn_kMBugEtRbQmmux

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S24: yl;dwgBIdMeNaHRsaykñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr dMeNaHRsayeTAelIbBaða dMeNaHRsayEdl)ankat;RtaKitCaPaKry ¬°¦

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S25: yl;dwgBIbBaðarbs;shKmn_ bBaðasMxan;²EdlshKmn_kMBugRbQmmux bBaðaEdl)ankat;RtaKitCaPaKry ¬°¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S26: eCaKC½ykñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr skmμPaBEdlGñkKitfaCadMeNIrkarl¥ skm μPaBEdl)ankt;RtaKitCaPaKry ¬°¦ elIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrenAkñúgshKmn_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

S27: karRbQmkñúgkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñr skmμPaBEdlGñkKitfaCadMeNIrkarminl¥ skm μPaBEdl)ankat;RtaKitCaPaKry ¬°¦ elIkarRKb;RKgtMbn;eqñrenAkñúgshKmn_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>


rebobkñúgkarrs;enA S28: rebobkñúgkarrs;enA

vtßú nigsmÖar³enAtamRKYsarnImYy² - PaKryénGñkeqøIyfamanpÞHCakm μsiT§§i - PaKryénGñkeqøIyfamanpÞHCakm μsiT§§irbs;efAEk - PaKrycMnYnpÞHEdlman o mFümPaKéncMnYnbnÞb;

o RbePTpÞH- Rbk;ek,Óg_______ eQI_______ Rbk;s,Úv_______

o smÖar³eRKagpÞH- f μ¼\dæ>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sgá½sI>>>>>>>>>>>> s,Úv¼søwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

o kRmalépÞpÞH- sIum:g>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> kþabnÞHeQI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> pÞal;dI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> o kaeRbIR)as;Twk- bMBg;Twk>>>>>>GNþÚgÉkCn>>>>>>>>> GNþÚgsaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>> sÞwg>>>>>>>>>>>>

o kaeRbIzamBl- bNþajGKÁIsnI>>>>>>>> zamBlRBHGaTitü>>>>>>>> GaKuy>>>>>>>> Kμan>>>>>>>>>>

sRmab;B½t’manBIRTBüsm,tþisRmab;ciBa©wmCIvit - PaKryGñkpþl;cemøIyEdlmanTUk? Kμan>>>>> TUk1>>>>>> TUk2>>>>>>>> b¤eRcInCag2>>>>>>>>>>> - PaKryTUkEdleFVIBIIsmÖar³epSg²- eQI>>>>>>>>>>>>> b¤pøasÞik>>>>>>>>>>>> - PaKryTUkEdldMeNIrkaredayeRbI- TUkEcv>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> b¤TUkm:asIun>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - nigPaKrysmÖar³nig]bkrN_nanadéTeTot sRmab;rbrciBa©wmCIvit

S29: kRmiténPaBRkIRk - cMnYn¼PaKry mnusSkñúgshKmn_EdlKitfamanPaBRkIRk - BiBN’naBITMnak;TMngénsmÖar³¼RTBüsm,tþieTAnwgPaBRkIRkrbs;RKYsarkñúgshKmn_ - PaKryRbCaCnEdlKitfasßiteRkambnÞat;énPaBRkIRkEdlmanEcgCapøÚvkar - BiBN’naBIbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk EdlmanEcgkñúgRbPBpøÚvkar

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