Mass Media irfan erdogan 2013 Copyright © 2012 irfan erdogan all rights reserved.

Mass Media

irfan erdogan

2013

Copyright © 2012 irfan erdogan all rights reserved

Attn::

This is a rough draft and it can change during the coming

weeks

Week 1:

Orientation

Week 2

On basic concepts

Concept of mass

Can we define what mass is?

Mass refers to . unknown maltitude in numbers. Great number of a comprehensive unit

Concept of media

MediumMedia

Mediation

Concept of mass media

Concept of mass mediarefers to. Media for mass. media that are used by people

. mass media are organizations in certain political, economic, cultural and social arrangements and goals.

Q 1: What do mass media mean

in terms of producing communications media?

Let’s think about it

It means production of interrelated technological tools for mass communication.

Let’s give some examples

For example, production of tools for radio broadcasting include, . production of tape machines, microphones, devices that digitize sound waves.. production of transmitters that disseminate them, . Production of receiving units that decode the sound waves.

How about production of tools

for television broadcasting?

for book writing and publishing?

Q 2:What do mass media mean

in terms of organizing to produce communications?

Let’s think about it

It means the organization of specific institutions such as radio networks, television stations, movie companies, music production firms

It means . Ownership to the means of production of mass communication

let’s give examples

It means . Property right in mass media. Establishment of legal rights of ownership. Creation of material values and conditions of sharing (distribution of wealth created by media)

let’s give examples for the each one


in terms of using them to produce communication?

It means establishment and exercise of organized practices of media production such as newspapers,

magazines, television programs,radio programs, films, multimedia and

Web sites.

It meansdeciding on conditions and nature of producing mass communication

deciding on how and what to produce, types of production, amount of production, quality of production, frequency of production

What to produce refers to

. Deciding on the character of production of media content

let’s explain

How to produce refers to. organization of media content production (iş bölümü). Decidin on the nature of media practices: media professionalism and professional ideologices


in terms of using them to disseminate

communication?

It means establishing means of distribution of media products.

Let’s explain means of distribution of books? Newspapers? Ads?

Q 5What do mass media mean

for general public?

e.g. for you? Let’s think about it

1. Getting informed?2. Learning?3. Leisure time activity?4. Entertainment?5. Agenda making?6. Socialisation?7. What else?

Q 6What do other media mean

for media professionals in term of using them?

Using other media for setting agenda for daily

production

let’s talk about them

In sum:when we talk about mass

media, we are talking about technologically mediated

communication that is

a. Produced by media professionals who use media to

produce and disseminate certain content widely, rapidly,

and continuously

b. Used by large and diverse number of people called audiences, readers,

users, spectators.

Week 3

Production, producer and product

Production and producers:

a. Product production by media professionals is done within an

organizational setting.

Who are media professionals?


b. Professionals are, for instance, news reporters, journalists, television producers and magazine editors.


c. Production is done by more than one professional . For example, producers, writers, actors, directors and video editors; publishers, reporters, editors, copyeditors, typesetters, graphic designers and photographers.

Products of Mass media

1. Media products in terms of produced units are outputs of the media such as news reports, novels, movies, television programs, magazine articles, newspaper columns, music videos, and ads. They are carriers of content of a deliberate communication


2. Media products in terms of content of produced units are called

messages

For example, a tv program is a product that carries messages.

Is the main concern of media is to produce messages?

Then, why messages?


3. Media messages are to produce

certain ideas, thoughts, beliefs,

expectations, behaviors, customers,

viewers, readers, users

Voters, followers, fans, enemies,

friends, us and them etc.

Media messages are for production of

meaning and behaviors via meanings.

Meanings are produced

via mass media

Is it the goal?

Whose goal is to produce

meaning and why?

Is main goal to produce

meaining or thought and

behavior management via

production of certain meaning?

Why do we never see ads or media

messages indicating that cigaret

companies are resposible for the

dead of over 20 million people on

earth?

Meanings are produced by people in actual relations by using language .

Language is the primary means of production of meaning.

Existence of realities like water, air, mountain, moon, sun are not created by the language: They exist outside the language.

Some realities in our minds are shaped by those people who shape our world and our minds by using language and creating images of reality. Some images are false, but we believe that they are not.

Su veya dağ veya taş kavramları olmasaydı, su, dağ veya taş olmaz mıydı? Su veya water kendini mi yaratmakta yoksa var olanı isimlendirmekte mi?


4. Creation of people with certain

ideas, beliefs, and expectations are

shaped and expected to behave in

certain way: Then, another product

is the audience

One of the ultimate products of

mass media are individuals with

certain ideas, opinions, attitudes,

expectations, choices, likes and

dislikes, tastes, political

orientations and consumption

behaviors.

Audience as actor and product

Media audience are considered as:1. Heterogeneous (both large, diverse groups of

people with dissimilar background, demographics, and socio-political characteristics)

2. For some scholars, they are active3. For some scholars, they are passive4. For others, they are active under

predetermined dominant conditions.


5. Feedback

Another product of media is feedback

Feedback can be. Cultivated thinking: creating or susaining an idea, belief and attitude in order to make people act in a certain way when the time comes. Immediate and latent decision making and acting.

let’s give examples

Prevailing opinions on feedback:1. Feedback is presented as feedback to media. 2. Feedback is minimal in mass media, and no real give-and-take is practically possible. 3. Message flow typically is one-way, from source to receiver. A newspaper reader could write a letter to the editor; a television viewer could call the station. Let’s think about them

Let’s find out how feedback works:

Think of people watching tv: What happens during and after watching?

1. in terms of mental processes (self communication)?

Think of people watching tv: What happens during and after watching?

2. In terms of interpersonal communication during the exposure and afterwards?

Then, feedbacks that are expected by the mass media professionals include:1. to view again (audience)2. to acquire certain ideas, attitudes etc. (audience and about audience)3. to reproduce the media agenda for daily social relations 4. to employ relational pressures to others5. To act and force others to act according to media induced ways in buying and consuming.

Week 4What media for

Construction of social, economic, political and cultural reality via

news and entertainment

Why mass media?İf communication is necessary condition of survival, maintenance and change, then what is mass media for?

Who constructs

whose reality in mass media?

Who constructs your social, economic and cultural reality? You?

Whose reality can you construct via masscommunicatio?

Who constructs whose reality

And how?

Construction by media

Look at the first

frame:

What is the

concern

Now, look at the

2nd frame:

what is the

concern?

What kind of reality constructed

here: What kind of solution is

presented for what kind of

problem/issue?

Sansür aotucessorship

Week 5

Development of Technologically mediated

mind management system:

Up to printing press

This week will include

1. My brief presentation2. Group presentation3. Counter group discussion

1. My brief presentation on

Development of carriers and recorders of communication, size, capacity, durability etc

Let’s discuss followings:

early press:Newspapers served specialized public, they were NOT mass media.Although some papers were supported by advertising, cost of newspapers was out of reach of the average citizen.Early papers did participate in political dissent, and encouraged political participation of elite classes.

1st English newspaper, London Gazette, 1681

Early European newspaper

Early 1800s

Early 1800s, with slave ads

yellow journalism in USA tendency toward

sensational journalism emphasized in competitive structure

How about in Turkey?

Updated, 6/18/03

Decline in daily newspaper readership

Some of Today’s foreign magazines in Turkey (See: My Kültür ve iletişim book) Ladies' Home Journal Family Circle Woman's Day Time People Playboy Sports Illustrated Newsweek

Four Important Periods in the early History of the Book

I. 7th to 13th Century: The age of religious "manuscript" book production.

II. 13th to 15th Century: The secularization of book production.

III. 15th to 16th Century: The first printed books. IV. 16th to 17th Century: New information is put into

books that has important consequences for European life

Table 2.1 Types of BooksType Description

Trade Includes literature, biography, and all fiction and nonfiction books for general reading. These books are usually handled by retail bookstores.

Textbooks Includes books for elementary and high schools, colleges and universities. These books are usually sold through educational institutions or college bookstores, but publishers make their sales pitches to state or local school boards or faculty members.

Children’s Sold through bookstores or to schools and libraries.

Reference Includes dictionaries, encyclopedias, atlases, and similar books. These require long and expensive preparation.

Technical & Includes manuals, original research, and technical reports. Scientific

Law Involves the codification of legal materials and constant updating.

Medical Also requires frequent updating.

Source: Smith, Guide to Book Publishing, pp. 128-129. Used by permission of University of Washington Press.

Pulp fiction

More Pulp fiction

And more Pulp fiction

Pulp mags...

Pulp comics...

2. group presentation and discussion topic:Development of mass media: from words to symbols; from verbal tradition to printed tradition. Emergence of printing press. Development of press (books, newspapers, magazines) in Turkey

Week 6

This week will include

1. My brief presentation2. Group presentation

Counter group discussion

Group presentationCounter group discussion topic:

Recording the voice and image; from gramophone, tape to CD; from mechanical to analog and digital recording.

Week 7

Midterm exam

Mass Media irfan erdogan 2013 Copyright © 2012 irfan erdogan all rights reserved.

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