Manure Processing: Microbial Impacts on Manure ......Anaerobic Digestion 18 Covered Lagoons 19 Dry...
Transcript of Manure Processing: Microbial Impacts on Manure ......Anaerobic Digestion 18 Covered Lagoons 19 Dry...
Manure Processing: Microbial Impacts on Manure
Management Strategies
July 13, 2016
Becky Larson Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist
Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Why Apply Manure to Alfalfa?
• requires phosphorus and potassium • benefit from the micronutrients, particularly boron • removes large amounts of nitrogen from the field when
harvested as hay, and draw down nitrate levels within its root zone
• typically have low erosion, nutrient runoff and nutrient leaching potential
• opportunities for manure application throughout the year
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Land Base Declining
Area of
manure
application
Small
(1-99)
Medium
(100-199)
Large
(200-999)
Permitted
(>=1000) All
(Ha) 83 / 72 121 / 105 286 / 248 788 / 738 418 / 267
8 19 35 35 97
(Ha/AU) 1.07 / 0.97 0.88 / 0.77 0.68 / 0.59 0.40 / 0.34 0.65 / 0.54
8 19 35 35 97
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Application Timing
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Manure Application
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Draghose Lines
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Traveling Gun
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Center Pivot
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Risk vs. Distance
AGI: acute gastrointestinal illness, GN: gram negative bacteria, BB: bovine Bacteroides
1 in 100,000
1 in 10,000
1 in 1,000
1 in 100
Factor of 10
Factor of 100
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Manure Systems
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Manure Handling
Manure Collection
Manure Storage
Manure Processing/ Treatment
Land Application or
Final Treatment
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Anaerobic Digestion
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Covered Lagoons
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Dry Digestion
OshKosh Dry Digester, BIOFerm
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Small Scale Digesters
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Community Digesters Dane County Digester, 2011
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Agricultural Digesters
• 247 digesters in the U.S. • 37 in Wisconsin 35 different facilities All dairy facilities All liquid manure based systems
• ~300,000 metric tons CO2 eq/year removal Equal to:
63,000 passenger cars, or 322 million lbs of coal burned, or 83 wind turbines
• 229 WI dairy CAFO (>1,000 Animal units) facilities ~12% have digesters
Animals (No. of head) Operational
< 1,000 9
1,000-2,000 9
> 2,000 19
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AD Process Flow
Slurry
Biogas
Separator Digestate
Filtrate (liquid)
Fiber (solid)
Feedstock's
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End Products
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Odor
Swine Manure (Hansen et al. 2006, Applied Engineering in Agriculture)
• Malodorous VFA reduced 79-97%
• Odor reduced above undisturbed slurry store reduced
• Land application odor reductions: 17% AD 50% AD + SLS
(Orzi et al., 2015, Science of the Total Environment)
• Odors reduced 98%
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Bovine Polyomavirus
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1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1E+09
Mea
n Pa
thog
en C
once
ntra
tion
(gc/
gm)
Farm #1
Farm #3
Farm #4
Farm #5
Farm #6
Farm #7
Farm #8
Bovine Polyomavirus
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Antibiotic Degradation
Alvarez et al., 2010, Bioresource Technology • Fate of antibiotics in pig manure in AD • oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) • Reduction in antibiotics over time, as well as
methane production • Antibiotics adsorbed to solids increasing duration
for destruction
• Many antibiotics to be tested
• Not many studies to date
• May increase intermediates
• Beef manure studies by Arikan (2006, 2007, 2008) found some degradation in initial component, increases in some intermediaries
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-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
SLS AD AD+SLS
kg C
O2-
eq to
n-1
excr
eted
man
ure
CO2(f) CO2(b) N2O(f) N2O(b) CH4(f) CH4(b) NET
Global Warming Potential
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Thank You!