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Manifest DestinyGod’s will that Americans settled the
continent from coast to coast(westward expansion)
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REVIEW
Review:• Northwest Ordinance- once you got 60,000
people in one area you could apply to Congress to become a state
• Louisiana Purchase- purchased in 1803 from France (Napoleon)
• Lewis & Clark- explored the Louisiana Purchase
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Louisiana Purchase
• 1803• Bought by Jefferson from France• Doubled the size of the country
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James Monroe
• James Monroe became the 5th President • “Era of Good Feelings”• feelings of Nationalism and Patriotism after
the War of 1812
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American System
• *American System Goals: • new national bank • protective tariff (tax on imports)• improve transportation
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Adams-Onis Treaty
• Andrew Jackson seized control of Florida and ended Seminole raids
• *Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain ceded Florida to the U. S.
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Monroe Doctrine
• *Monroe Doctrine- divided the world into the
eastern and western hemisphere and said the U. S. would prevent other countries from interfering in Latin America
• (No colonization)• Kept us out of war for 100 years!
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Monroe Doctrine
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Monroe Doctrine
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Transportation
• Transportation – 1800’s• Erie Canal- 363 miles• National Road- east/west hwy. (Federally
funded)• Clermont-Robert Fulton/steamboat that
traveled upstream• *Railroads- resulted in the settlement of the
west, new national markets and demand for iron and coal
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Erie Canal
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National Road1st Federally funded transportation project
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The Clermontsail upstream
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TranscontinentalRailroad
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Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution-began in Britain in 1700’s• U. S. in 1800’s• North-rivers and capitol• Samuel Slater-textile machine• Frances Lowell-textile mills• *Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts• Samuel Morse-telegraph/sending messages• *Cities- population shift to the cities for jobs and
more money
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Sectionalism
• Sectionalism- differences that arose between different regions of the country economically, culturally and politically
• (Plantation system vs. factory system)• North-finance and industry• South-agriculture, planter-elite class, cash
crops• West-natural resources
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Sectionalism
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Southern Economy
• Cash crops- tobacco, rice and sugar cane• *“KING COTTON”• 1793 Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin that
increased the slave population• The Southern region relied on imports. • Class structure: Planters, Yeoman, rural poor and slaves
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Slavery
• Task system vs. gang system• *Frederick Douglas- famous abolitionist speaker (orator)• Slave codes• Coping: songs, slow-downs and fires• Denmark Vesey-(SC) accused of planning a revolt and hung• *Nat Turner- minister that said God chose him to lead an
uprising that killed 5o whites/hung • Slavery became a key issue that divided the country as we
expanded west.
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Abolitionist
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Missouri Compromise
• *Missouri Compromise – • Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser”• Maine free/Missouri Slave to keep a balance
in the Senate• Drew a line on the map (36’ 30 ) separating
free and slave states
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Missouri Compromise
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John Quincy Adams
• John Quincy Adams became the 6th President.• *“Corrupt Bargain”- made agreement with
Henry Clay to become Secretary of State when the vote went to the House
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• End of Day 1•Color and label the blank
map of the U.S. according to the Manifest Destiny map in the PowerPoint
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Andrew Jackson
• *Andrew Jackson became the 7th President.• New Democratic Party- champion of the
common man• Westerner
• *Spoils system- appointing people to government jobs for loyalty and support
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Issues
• 1) *Tariff of Abominations SC threatened to secede. *Nullification – John C. Calhoun (VP) from SC
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Issues
• 2) Native Americans*Indian Removal Act- funds to relocate Native
AmericansResulted in the *“Trail of Tears” (under MVB)-
the forced movement of Native Americans from Georgia to Oklahoma where many died along the way
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Trail of Tears
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Issues
• 3) Bank Jackson thought the bank was unconstitutional.Vetoed it!He removed the government’s money from thebank and put it in “pet banks” in the states
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King Andrew
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Whigs
• Whigs-political party that formed to oppose Jackson
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Van Buren/Harrison
• Martin Van Buren became the 8th President (Democrat)
Blamed for Panic of 1837-economic crisis
• William Henry Harrison-(Whig) 9th President Died after 32 days in office from pneumonia
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John Tyler
• John Tyler (VP) became the 10th President• He opposed the Whigs and sided with the
Democrats.• He became a president without a party.• *Webster-Ashburton Treaty settled the
boundary between the U. S. and Canada.
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Immigration
• *Immigrants-1815-1860• Irish-2 million• Germans
• Nativism-hostility toward foreigners
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Reformers
• Dorothea Dix- mentally ill from prison to hospitals
• Temperance Movement- stop drinking
(moderation)
• Horace Mann- education reforms
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Temperance Movement
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Women’s Movement
• Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton• *Seneca Falls Convention- equal right for
women (suffrage)
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Seneca Falls Convention
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Abolitionist
• William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator newspaper
• *Frederick Douglas- famous abolitionist speaker
• Sojourner Truth- famous abolitionist speaker
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Manifest Destiny
• *Manifest Destiny-John O’Sullivan• the idea that God had given the continent to
Americans and wanted them to settle west• Squatters- 1st settlers• *John Deere- steel plow to turn sod• *Cyrus McCormick- mechanical reaper
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Steel Plow
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Oregon
• Oregon-jointly owned by the U. S. and Great Britain
• “54-40, or fight!”• Mountain men carved out the Oregon Trail!• Oregon became US territory!
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California
• California-Mexico • John Sutten and been given 50,000 acres of
land and built a trading post and cattle ranch.• Gold Rush of 1849!• Compromise of 1850- Congress admitted
California as a free state on September 9, 1850 and the south got a stricter fugitive slave law.
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Compromise of 1850
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Utah
• *Utah-Brigham Young took the Mormons there after Joseph Smith was murdered
• “Mormon Trail”• They settled in Great Salt Lake City.• They practiced polygamy.
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Texas
• Texas-Mexico• Invited American settlers in• Stephen Austin took hundreds of families to
Texas• They took citizenship but did not accept the
culture.• In 1830, Mexico closed the borders, banned
slave labor and suspended trade with the United States.
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Texas Revolution
• The Texans under Sam Houston rebelled.• *Alamo- Santa Anna defeated the Texans after
13 heroic days.• Texas declared its independence.• Santa Anna was captured.• Sam Houston became the President of the
Lone Star Republic.• They asked to be annexed as a slave state.
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Santa Anna’s surrender
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James K. Polk
• James K. Polk became the 11th President in 1844.
• Oregon-“54 40 or fight!”• Britain gave up Oregon.
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Mexican American War
• *Mexican-American War• We declared war on Mexico for California• John C. Fremont-established an independent
“Bear Flag Republic”• • *Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• California, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico and
Arizona were given to the U. S. for 15 million dollars. (500,000 sq. miles)
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Native Americans
• The Plains Indians had depended greatly on the buffalo for their livelihood (food, clothing and shelter). Thus the buffalo began to die out and so did the Indian tribes. Many were forced to relocate to reservations.
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Battles
• Sand Creek Massacre-270 Native Americans dead
• Battle of Little Bighorn (Custer’s Last Stand)- Custer and 200 of his men killed
• The Battle of Wounded Knee- US army attacked Native Americans under Sitting Bull while doing the ghost dance to bring back the buffalo.
• 150 Native Americans were killed.
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A Century of Dishonor
• Helen Hunt Jackson- A Century of Dishonor brought attention to the problem of the mistreatment of the Native Americans
• Dawes Act- tried to civilize the Native Americans by placing them on reservations
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Motivations
• Motivations for going West:• Religious faith• Gold• Homestead Act- 160 acres of land to anyone
who would agree to cultivate it for 5 years• Oklahoma Land Rush- people on horseback,
bicycles and wagons rushed to claim land (“sooners” jumped the gun!)
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Oklahoma Land Rush
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Inventions
• Important inventions that allowed people to move west:
• John Deere’s steel plow- sod• Windmills• Barbed wire- protected crops from wild
animals
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Groups that went West
• Groups that went west:• Miners- “boom towns”• Cowboys-cattle ranchers that took cattle to the
railroad – “cowtowns”• Farmers• Women-more freedom and flexibility• African Americans-“Black Exodus” & “Buffalo Soldiers”• Chinese Immigrants• Irish Immigrants
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Groups that went west
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The Railroad
• Railroad-crucial to westward expansion• The Irish, Chinese and African Americans
helped the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Companies to build the TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD!