The British, French and Dutch Colonies in North

America:

Canada, New England,

Middle and Southern

Standards:

SSUSH1: Compare and contrast

the development of English

settlement and colonization during

the 17th Century.

SSUSH2: Describe the early

English colonial society and

investigate the development of its

governance.

The

French

in

North

America

► While the English settled along the COAST of North America…

► The French settled the INTERIOR…

► Hoping to take part in the FUR TRADE.

► Quebec, on the St. Lawrence river, became the capital of NEW FRANCE…

► And unlike the English, the French had generally GOOD relations with the Indians.

The Fur Trade One reason the

French could not afford to anger the Indians…

Was because they RELIED on the Indians to supply them with FUR.

The BEAVER HAT had become WILDLY POPULAR in Europe…

And the Indians provided beaver fur…

In exchange for guns, cloth, jewelry and liquor.

The Puritans The Puritans were a

group of Christian Protestants living in England during the 1600’s.

They had come to believe that the Church of England—the only LEGAL religious institution in the country—

Was UNHOLY—

And needed to be…

PURIFIED.

However, their attempts to challenge the Church were largely blocked by both Church leaders and British law.

The Voyage of the Mayflower The FIERCEST and MOST

RADICAL of the Puritans were known as the Puritan Separatists—

For their refusal to attend Church of England services—

Which carried the risk of FINES, IMPRISONMENT and EXECUTION.

After a number of their leaders were sentenced to death—

The Separatists—

Also called the…

Pilgrims—

Fled Great Britain—

First to Holland—

Then to North America, in 1620.

The Mayflower Compact Upon reaching the North

American coastline…

The Pilgrims drew up an

agreement...

Whereby they would select

REPRESENTATIVES…

Who would issue RULES for

the new colony…

Rules that APPLIED TO

EVERYBODY.

This concept is called “self-

government”…

And was the first such

example in the English

colonies.

Plymouth Colony The Pilgrims’ colony was

named PLYMOUTH, and it was a DISASTER…

They knew VERY LITTLE about FARMING and almost NOTHING about how to survive in North America.

The first winter, half of them died.

The next summer, however, a Native American named Squanto taught them how to plant corn and clear fields…

And their second harvest was so bountiful that they decided to hold a feast of thanks…

Thanksgiving, 1621.

Massachusetts Bay Colony Ten years after the founding of

Plymouth Colony—

A group of 11 ships and 700 Puritans led by John Winthrop, landed near Plymouth, in Salem, Massachusetts.

This new colony, much larger than Plymouth had ever been, was called the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Winthrop called Mass Bay “A City Upon a Hill”—

Calling for the settlement to be an example of a PURE society for the rest of the world to follow…

It had a HIGH standard of living…

And quickly attracted THOUSANDS of additional settlers…

During a period called the GREAT MIGRATION.

Puritan Life The Puritans were

strictly INTOLERANT—

They DID NOT ACCEPT individuals of any other religion but Puritan Christianity.

Church attendance was MANDATORY…

And citizens were encouraged to SPY on their neighbors…

And to report any IMPURE behavior.

Punishments for IMPURITY were often HARSH…

And included whippings, beatings and expulsion from the colony.

Anne

Hutchinson

Moved to Massachusetts Bay from England in 1634…

And started hold Bible studies in her home…

Where she began questioningPuritan beliefs…

Particularly the story of Adam and Eve…

And how it BLAMES Eve for exposing Adam to original sin.

She was put on trial for her actions…

And BANISHED from the Colony…

She later joined Roger Williams...

Then moved to unsettled territory in New York…

Where she and her entire family were scalped by Indians.

The Half-Way

Covenant

Membership in the Puritan Church

required a verifiable mystical

experience…

Wherein a person had DIRECT contact

with God.

As the population of New England began

to grow…

Many of the newly-arrived could not claim

such an experience…

And were not allowed to join the Puritan

Church…

Which made them second-class citizens.

Eventually the “Halfway Covenant” was

established…

Which allowed for people to “halfway”

join the Church, without having to verify

contact with God.

Many people felt, however, that this

agreement undermined the strict

religious framework upon which the

colony had been founded.

The Devil

Arrives

► The Puritan Church had lowered its criteria for membership—

► Thousands of newly arriving settlers were not interested in holding themselves to the strict standards of personal behavior set by the original founders—

► And incidents of public drunkenness, adultery and blasphemy were on the increase.

► WHO WAS BEHIND THIS WICKEDNESS?

► The Devil. Satan. And who represents Satan on Earth?

► Witches.

The Salem Witch

Trials

► The atmosphere of 1690’s Massachusetts

was one in which people were easily

inclined to believe in witches and

witchcraft—

► And when two young girls began

exhibiting strange behavior—writhing on

the ground and uttering weird noises—

► It was immediately suspected that they’d

been BEWITCHED.

► Upon questioning, they accused three

women of having cast satanic spells on

them:

► A homeless beggar, a woman who rarely

attended church, and a slave woman.

► They were quickly arrested and put on

trial—which caused a firestorm of

publicity—

► Which made the two girls issue dozens

more accusations.

► Ultimately, nineteen of the accused were

executed and several more died in prison.

The Native

Population

► By the latter part of the 1600’s, there were five major colonies in New England:

► Massachusetts Bay

► Plymouth

► New Haven

► Rhode Island and

► Connecticut…

► There were 110 established towns; and 80,000 white people.

► The native population of the region, largely because of the introduction of diseases like smallpox—

► Had been reduced to less than 10,000.

► Faced with the threat of extinction in New England, an alliance of various Native tribes began attacking the colonial settlements.

King Phillip’s

War

► The conflict that resulted is called King Phillip’s War after the Indian chieftain who was considered to be the leader of native resistance to white settlement in New England— “I am determined not to live until I have no country”.

► It was a war of attrition, with each side determined to UTTERLY ELIMINATE the other—

► And in less than one year, 12 colonial towns had been destroyed; the New England economy had crumbled; and 1/10 of all military-age white men had been killed.

► The tide turned when the Indians, whose food supply generally came from farming small plots of land, began to starve—

► While the colonists received food and military supplies by sea from Great Britain.

► When the natives finally surrendered, they numbered only 15% of the New England population (down from 100%)—

► And it was the END of Indian resistance to white settlement in the Northeast.

The ECONOMIC and

SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT of

the AMERICAN

COLONIES.

The

Original

13

Colonies

Mercantilism

► Mercantilism is when a country attempts to gain as many rawmaterials (resources) as possible so they can export more than they import.

► European countries wanted to colonize America due to the vast amount of resourcesavailable.

► Mercantilism would make European countries very wealthy.

How Does Mercantilism Work?

Britain FORCED the colonies to sell

raw materials to British

businesses…

It was ILLEGAL for American

businessmen to sell such materials

to ANY OTHER COUNTRY but Great

Britain.

The British then turned those raw

materials into FINISHED goods…

And sold them for gold and silver.

Mercantilism made many British

businesses VERY RICH…

But it upset the colonists because

they were FORBIDDEN to export

their raw materials to ANY OTHER

nation…

Even if another nation offered MORE

MONEY than the British.

The Triangle

Trade

Mercantilist policies turned

North America into part of a

transcontinental network of

commerce called the Triangular

Trade.

Raw Materials were produced

in the AMERICAS…

Shipped to EUROPE…

And turned into

MANUFACTURED GOODS (guns,

pots & pans, furniture)…

Which were traded in West

Africa for…

SLAVES…

Who were used to produce RAW

MATERIALS in the AMERICAS…

Etc., etc.

The Middle Passage

The MIDDLE PASSAGE

refers to the journey of

slave ships…

From WEST AFRICA…

To North & South

America.

The slaves were locked

below deck for the

entire journey…

And between twenty and

forty percent died on

the way…

Of disease, starvation,

thirst, etc.

Contributions of African

Slaves When slaves were brought

to America, they helped influence our culture via architecture, agriculture, and food-ways.

Slave quarters were built to resemble African homes –clay bricks, steep sloping roofs, and wide overhands made from hand cut lumber.

Slaves had the tough job of planting crops like: tobacco, rice, cotton, and sugar.

Slaves brought used a lot of their recipes and food traditions when cooking in the colonies.

The New England Colonies

The NEW ENGLAND

colonies…

MASSACHUSETTS…

RHODE ISLAND…

CONNECTICUT…AND…

NEW HAMPSHIRE…

Were the most

RELIGIOUS…

The BEST EDUCATED…

And had economies

based on FISH, FUR &

LUMBER.

Economic

Development

in the

Middle

Colonies

• The MIDDLE…

• Or MID-ATLANTIC colonies were…

• NEW YORK…

• NEW JERSEY…

• DELAWARE…AND…

• PENNSYLVANIA.

• Their populations were DIVERSE—

• English, Irish, Dutch, Scottish, German, Swedish…

• And their economy was devoted to BUYING AND SELLING.

• Consequently, there were FEW SLAVES in the Middle Colonies.

William Penn The colony of Pennsylvania was

settled when King Charles II gave William Penn a huge tract of land in order pay off a gambling debt.

Penn, a Quaker, dreamed of a safe haven for fellow Quakers—

Who were universally abused for their pacifism and their refusal to defer to social superiors.

The Constitution of Pennsylvania guaranteed:

Trial by jury…

Freedom of religion…

And free elections.

The capital—Philadelphia—attracted swarms of settlers and became one of the largest, richest and most important cities in colonial America.

The Dutch Settle New Amsterdam

The Dutch (from the

Netherlands) were the first to

settle a region of North

America that they named New

Amsterdam…

It attracted MANY different

kinds of people because the

Dutch are TOLERANT.

The colony quickly became a

major center of COMMERCE…

And was later taken over by

the BRITISH…

Who renamed the colony…

NEW YORK.

The Southern Colonies

The SOUTHERN colonies

are:

MARYLAND…

VIRGINIA…

The CAROLINAS…AND…

GEORGIA.

The economic BASIS in

the South was…

AGRICULTURE…

And the economy of the

South came to be entirely

dependent upon…

SLAVERY.

Benjamin Franklin No person better symbolizes the

OPPORTUNITIES offered in the American

colonies than Benjamin Franklin.

In Europe, a person’s ability to become

economically successful…

Depended upon one’s family background.

If you were BORN POOR…

You STAYED POOR.

Franklin, however, came from NOTHING…

And worked his way up to great wealth,

fame, influence and power…

Simply through HARD WORK and

INTELLIGENCE.

The opportunity of SOCIAL MOBILITY for

EVERYBODY…

Made America UNIQUE in the world.

The Great Awakening Religious revival

movement during the

1730s and 1740s.

Its leaders were

George Whitefield and

Jonathan Edwards.

Religious pluralism

was promoted by the

idea that all Protestant

denominations were

legitimate.

Preachers wanted to

convert all people

regardless of race,

gender, and status.