Manchester July 2012
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Transcript of Manchester July 2012
British Association of Cargo Surveyors / Manchester
Marine Insurance Association
Manchester 12th July 2012Mark Edwards – Global Freight
Manager
The Carriage of Temperature Sensitive
Pharmaceuticals
What will we look at today?
• Road freight characteristics• Air freight characteristics• Sea freight characteristics• Temperature excursions• Temperature control equipment• Temperature monitoring equipment• Weak points and potential solutions• Roles and responsibilities• Summary
Road freight characteristics - 1
• Typically used for trans-continental movements
• Well set up hub and spoke systems• Temperature-controlled “groupage”
services becoming widely available• Security risk higher than other modes –
primarily through theft
Road freight characteristics - 2
• Tends to be low cost• Wide variation is equipment quality and
standards• Risk of damages through handling and
cross-docking activities
Air freight characteristics - 1
• Typically used for inter-continental movements
• Primarily point-to-point operations but some hub and spoke systems
• Varying degree of “pharma” services offered by airlines
• Ground handling often of a poor quality• Fast transit times• Commensurately expensive
Air freight characteristics - 2
• Temperature difficult to control during ground handling and cross-docking activities
• 3rd party temperature control systems are available but:• limited availability (eg Envirotainers);• or practical difficulties such as too big for
airport x-ray machines (eg pod systems)
• Risk of damages through handling and cross-docking activities
Air freight characteristics - 3
• Most cargo flies in the belly of passenger aircraft
• Therefore, cargo is regularly off-loaded and does not fly due to capacity constraints
• Freight only services tend to be block booked by large shippers or freight forwarders
Sea freight characteristics - 1
• Typically used for inter-continental movements
• Primarily hub and spoke systems through “feeder” and “mother” vessels
• Slow transit times• Commensurately less expensive• Large volumes can be shipped
Sea freight characteristics - 2
• Enhanced security compared to other transport modes• Few parties are involved• Containers can be loaded and sealed at
your own site• Containers stay sealed through to
unloading destination• Negotiable documentation
Temperature excursions - truck
• Equipment quality is the key factor• Use only audited trucking companies which
meet Good Distribution Practice (GDP) guidelines
• Understand how and where the product will be cross-docked
• Ask for proof of temperature upon delivery of the product
Temperature excursions - air
• Irrespective of any promises made by airlines, and their “pharma” services, always assume that you will have a temperature excursion
• Use a 3rd party solution such as Envirotainers or Silverpods (other systems are available)
• Use data-loggers so that stability data can be consulted and product need not necessarily be destroyed when an excursion occurs
Temperature control equipment - Envirotainers
Temperature control equipment - Envirotainers
• Active temperature control solutions such as Envirotainers• Advantages
• Reliability• High quality• Support
• Disadvantages• Cost• Availability• Require intervention
Temperature control equipment - Silverpods
Temperature control equipment - Silverpods
Temperature control equipment - Silverpods
• These seal the product from the outside environment
• They are validated for 4 to 5 days irrespective of outside temperature
• They protect the product from handling damages
• They can be re-used but “reverse” logistics can prove tricky
Temperature control equipment - Silverpods
• They are relatively inexpensive to purchase (compared to the cost of stock which could be lost to temperature excursions)
• They are easy to build and dismantle• They double the air freight charge
because of their size• Other systems are available
Temperature control equipment - Silverpods
• So far we have experienced only one excursion on our 15 to 25 degree product
• Product went from Germany to Dubai and was left in error in a normal warehouse for 2 weeks
• Temperature was maintained below 25 for the validated period plus 2 days
• Warehouse temperature was +65 for long parts of the day
• Internal temperature rose to 36 and stayed there
• The combination of data on the shipment and the control on the maximum temperature allowed us to put a case for release to our Quality.
Temperature monitoring equipment - dataloggers
• Most trucks we use have their own logging systems but these can be unreliable or data only available when the truck returns to the depot (sometimes many weeks)
• Aircraft do not typically have any logging systems
• Temperature controlled sea containers (reefers) have their own logging systems but the shipping line will only give you the data in the event of an insurance claim
• Consequently, we need to log temperature data ourselves
Temperature monitoring equipment - dataloggers
• We need data to be available at the point of product delivery, irrespective of systems used to download data from the logger
• We need loggers to be:• very accurate • capable of measuring a wide temperature
range• of proven reliability
• We need the data to be CFR21 compliant such that it cannot be tampered with after it has been gathered
Temperature monitoring equipment - dataloggers
• We have chosen the Sensitech TT4USB but other loggers are available
Temperature monitoring equipment - dataloggers
• Single use logger• Easy to start and stop• Minimal risk of accidental stoppage• No “reading” software required at
destination• Instant PDF available for reading on site
or emailing back to originator• Full data file can easily be emailed back
to originator
Temperature monitoring equipment - dataloggers
• Show datalogger report pdf file
Weak points – road
• Variable Equipment • Agree with provider what types of
equipment are acceptable• Turn away unsuitable trucks• Do this even if you are not paying for
transport – they are still your products!• Route Selection
• Agree routes with your provider• Ensure drivers use secure truck parks –
seek evidence of this
Weak points - road
• Minimal Customs / Documentary Checks • Use providers with full track and trace
capability• Avoid non-specialist groupage services• Check trailer numbers noted on CMR
(international transport delivery note)
Weak points - sea
• Container Seals• Load and seal the container at your
premises• Use bolt seals rather than plastic ones• Check seal numbers prior to unloading
container• Fully investigate seal number
discrepancies
Weak points - air
• Multiple hand offs• Use a sealed unit such as the pod
pictured previously• Use airlines with direct services rather
than connecting flights• Tell your freight forwarder which airline
you want them to use• Book your shipment as a non-
consolidated shipment
Roles and responsibilities
• Truck company / airline / shipping line• Provision of equipment
• Freight forwarders• Liaison with equipment provider• Customs & documentation services
• You• Liaison with your supplier• Temperature information• No different to current supply chain!!
Summary
• Each mode has advantages and drawbacks
• Have a full understanding of those before you make your choice
• Your choice will be a trade off between lead time, transport cost and transport quality
• Finding the right freight forwarder is a critical factor in your success