Management Information Systems 1. 2 Course Overview & Objective Lecturer: Sieng Samrang, MBA, BSc...

ManagementInformation Systems

1

2

Course Overview & Objective

• Lecturer: Sieng Samrang, MBA, BSc

• Contact Info: Email: [email protected] Mobile Phone: 012 961 828

3

• Vital component of successful businesses

• Helps businesses expand and compete

• Improves efficiency and effectiveness of business processes

• Facilitates managerial decision making and workgroup collaboration

Why study information systems and information technology?

4

• Does an information system have to have a computer?

• Think of 3 examples of an information system

• So Why Use a PC?• manipulate data much faster than a human.

• They are cheaper than human labor

• They do not make mistakes

• Data can easily be moved or copied

• How do you know if an information system is

effective? Return on Investment (ROI)

Why Study Information Systems?No

Supermarket's POS, Bank’s ATM, Hotel’s Management System

5

COURSE OBJECTIVE• Course Objective:

• To enable students to understand basic information technology concepts and participate in developing information systems solutions to business problems.

• To assist students to understand the fundamental concepts of real-world information systems and to demonstrate the potential advantages of state-of-the-art information technology applications in organization.

• Course synopsis:• The foundations of information systems. Information management

and its strategic role in organizations. The technical foundations of information systems; elements of information processing and the telecommunication. The contemporary tools, techniques and approaches used to build information systems.

6

Course Outline

• Chapter 1: An Introduction to Information Systems

• Chapter 2: Information System in Organization

• Chapter 3: Hardware: Input, Processing and Output device

• Chapter 4: Software: System and Application Software

• Chapter 5: Organizing Data and Information

• Chapter 6: Telecommunication and Network

• Chapter 7: E-Commerce

• Chapter 8: Transaction Processing and Enterprise Resource Planning ( ERP ) System

• Course Materials:• Text book: -Laudon and Laudon. Management Information Systems:

Managing the Digital Firm (12th Ed.), Prentice Hall, 2007.

• Lecture notes: softcopy

7

Assessment Model

• On-going Assessment 40%

• Mid-term Exam 20%

• Final Exam 40%

100%

Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition 9

• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals

• Discuss why it is important to study and understand information systems

• Distinguish data from information and describe the characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data


• Models, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business

• Name the components of an information system and describe several system characteristics

• Identify the basic types of models and explain how they are used


• Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life

• List the components of a computer-based information system

• Identify the basic types of business information systems and discuss who uses them, how they are used, and what kinds of benefits they deliver


• System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system

• Identify the major steps of the systems development process and state the goal of each


• Information systems must be applied thoughtfully and carefully so that society, business, and industry can reap their enormous benefits

• Describe some of the threats to security and privacy that information systems and the Internet can pose

• Discuss the expanding role and benefits of information systems in business and industry


Introduction

• Information system (IS)

• A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information and provide feedback to meet an objective

• Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems, Hotel Management System


Information Concepts:Data Versus Information

• Data: raw facts

• Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the facts themselves

Data Versus Information

1200100

WestCharles Mann

79154 TM Shoes

Monthly Sales Report for West Region

Sales Rep: Charles MannEmp No. 79154Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 $100

16


Table 1.1: Types of Data


Figure 1.1: Defining and Organizing

Relationships Among Data Creates Information


Figure 1.2: The Process of Transforming Data into Information


Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data


Table 1.2: Characteristics of Valuable Data (continued)


System and Modeling Concepts

• System: a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals

• Components of a system

• Input

• Processing

• Output

• Feedback


Figure 1.3: Components of a System


System Components and Concepts

• System boundary: defines the system and distinguishes it from everything else (i.e., the environment)

• Configuration: the way system elements are organized or arranged

• Systems can be classified as simple or complex, open or closed, stable or dynamic, adaptive or nonadaptive, and permanent or temporary


Table 1.3: Systems Classifications and

Their Primary Characteristics


System Performance and Standards

• Efficiency: a measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed

• Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals

• System performance standard: a specific objective of a system


System Variables and Parameters

• System variable: quantity or item controlled by the decision maker

• System parameter: value or quantity that cannot be controlled (e.g., the cost of a raw material)


Modeling a System

• Model: an abstraction that is used to represent reality

• Four major types of models: narrative (based on words); physical (tangible); schematic (graphic representation); mathematical (arithmetic representation)


Figure 1.6: Four Types of Models


Figure 1.7: The Components of an Information System


Input, Processing, Output, Feedback

• Input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data

• Processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs

• Output: production of useful information, usually in form of documents and reports

• Feedback: output used to make changes to input or processing activities


Computer-Based Information Systems

• Computer-based information system (CBIS)

• A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

• Examples: a company’s payroll systems, order entry system, and inventory control systems


Figure 1.8: The Components of a Computer-Based Information System


Business Information Systems

• Most common types of information systems used in business organizations include:

• Electronic and mobile commerce systems

• Transaction processing systems

• Management information systems

• Decision support systems


Electronic and Mobile Commerce

• E-commerce: any business transaction executed electronically between parties

• Parties involved include companies (B2B); companies and consumers (B2C); consumers and other consumers (C2C); businesses and the public sector; consumers and the public sector


Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning

• Transaction: any business-related exchange, such as payments to employees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers

• Transaction processing system (TPS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions


Figure 1.11: A Payroll Transaction Processing System

The inputs (numbers of employee hours worked and pay rates) go through a transformation process to produce outputs (paychecks)


Enterprise Resource Planning

• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system: set of integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations

• ERP systems often coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering


Information and Decision Support Systems

• Management information system (MIS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers

• Primary focus of an MIS is on operational efficiency


Figure 1.12: Functional Management Information Systems


• MIS outputs

• Scheduled reports

• Demand reports

• Exception reports

Management Information Systems


Decision Support Systems

• Decision support system (DSS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making

• Focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness


Figure 1.13: Essential DSS Elements


Specialized Business Information Systems

• Artificial intelligence (AI) systems

• Virtual reality systems

• Expert systems

• Other special-purpose business information systems


Figure 1.14: The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence


Systems Development

• Systems development: the activity of creating or modifying existing business systems

• Systems investigation: gaining a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed

• Systems analysis: defines the problems and opportunities of the existing system


Figure 1.17: An Overview of Systems Development


Systems Development (continued)

• Systems design: determines how new system will work to meet business needs defined during systems analysis

• Systems implementation: creating or acquiring the various system components defined in design step, assembling them, and putting new system into operation

• Systems maintenance and review: check and modify system so that it continues to meet changing business needs


Information Systems in Society, Business, and Industry

• Information systems must be implemented thoughtfully and carefully

• Information systems face a variety of threats from unethical people


Figure 1.18: Attacks on Businesses and Other Organizations in One Year


Figure 1.19: The Cost and Cause of Computer Attacks


Computer and Information Systems Literacy

• Computer literacy: knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function

• Information systems literacy: knowledge of how data and information are used


Information Systems in the Functional Areas of Business

• Finance and accounting (e.g., forecast revenues and business activity; analyze investments; perform audits)

• Sales and marketing (e.g., product analysis; promotion analysis; price analysis)

• Manufacturing (e.g., process orders; develop schedules; control inventory)


Information Systems in Industry

• Airline industry (e.g., Internet auction sites)

• Investment firms (e.g., analyze stocks and bonds)

• Banks (e.g., online check payment)

• Transportation industry (e.g., schedule trucks and trains)

• Publishing companies (e.g., analyze markets)


Information Systems in Industry (continued)

• Healthcare organizations (e.g., track patient records)

• Retail companies (e.g., process customer orders)

• Power management and utility companies (e.g., monitor and control power generation and usage)

• Professional services (e.g., provide information on products and services to its consultants)


Summary

• Data: raw facts

• Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves

• System: a set of elements that interact to accomplish a goal

• Components of a system: input, processing, output, and feedback

• A model is an abstraction that is used to represent reality


Summary (continued)

• Computer-based information system (CBIS): a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

• Transaction processing system (TPS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions


Summary (continued)

• Management information system (MIS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers

• Decision support system (DSS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making

• Systems development: the activity of creating or modifying existing business systems

Management Information Systems 1. 2 Course Overview & Objective Lecturer: Sieng Samrang, MBA, BSc...

Documents

Transcript of Management Information Systems 1. 2 Course Overview & Objective Lecturer: Sieng Samrang, MBA, BSc...