Makarajyothi 2011 page 201-250

- 201 -

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011

s\∑md h√ßn theAtim-I≥, s\∑md tZiw

s\√n-bm-ºXn amae Xs‚ taep≈

s\√n-°p-fØn ae-bn-t∑¬

At√ \o IpSn-sIm≠p temtI-izco]mln

s\√n-°pfw hmgp-aw-_ntI

tXSn-h∂ IpS-I-c-\m-b¿X≥

IqsS-tbm-e-∏p-d-tØdn \o

\mSp ImWp-hm≥ h∂p s\∑m-d-bn¬

IqSn-tbmcp `K-hXn ]mlnamw

tIc-f-Øn-\-I-Øpw, ]pdØpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ s\∑md

h√-ßn-the atlm-’hw BtLm-jn-°p∂

{io s\√n-°p-f-ßc `K-h-Xn-t£{Xw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-

ßƒ°v im¥nbpw a\:kam-[m-\hpw {]Zm\w

sNøp∂p. Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb s\∑md h√-ßn-the

F√m h¿jhpw ao\w 20-˛\v BtLm-jn-°p∂p

s\∑m-d-the; sFXnlyw t£{X-am-lmflyw

s\∑m-d, h√-ßn, hnØ-\-t»-cn, Abn-eq¿,

Xncp-h-gn-bmSv F∂o 5 tZi-ßƒ sImS-I-c-\mSv

F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-́ n-cp-∂-Xv. sImS-I-c-\m-Sns‚ ̀ c-

W-Ø-e-h\m-bn-cp∂ sImS-Ic \mb¿Xd-hm-´n¬

henb {]Xm-]n-bpw, i‡-\pw, a{¥-hm-Zn-bp-amb

Hcp tZho`‡≥, `K-h-Xnsb `Pn®v {]Xy-£-am-

°p-hm≥ s\√n-bm-ºXn ae-bn-ep≈ s\√n-°p-f-Øn-

ae F∂ h\-hn-`m-K-Øn-te°v t]mhp-I-bpw, tZhn-

sb `Pn®v Imew Ign-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. HSphn¬

tZhn {]Xy-£-s∏´v A\p-{K-ln®v \m´n-te°v aS-

ßp-hm≥ \n¿t±iw \¬Ip-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. tZhn-

- 203 -


bpsS B⁄ inc- m-h-

ln®v B `‡≥ bm{X-Xn-

cn®v s\∑m-d-bn¬ FØp-I-

bpw, aq∏n¬\mb¿ hoSn\v

kao-]-ap≈ tImX-Ip -f -

Øn¬ Xs‚ k¥-X-k-l-

Nm-cn -bmb IpSbpw h®v

Ipfn-°p-hm-\n-dßn. Ipfn-I-

gn™v IpS-sb-Sp -°p-hm-

\mbn {ian-®-t∏mƒ IpS-sb-

Sp-°p-hm-≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

AjvS-aw-Key{]iv\-

Øn-eqsS IpS-bn-cp∂ ÿe-

Øp-Xs∂ tZhn IpSn-sIm-

≈p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-

Xmbn Adn-bp-hm≥ Ign-™p. A[nIw Xma-kn-bm-

sX-Xs∂ `‡-P-\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-W-Øm¬

tZhnsb aq∏n¬\mb¿ hoSn\v kao]w IpSn-bn-cp-

Øn. ]n∂oSv ̀ ‡-P-\-ß-fpsS kuI-cym¿∞w C∂v

ImWp∂ s\√n-°p-f-ßc t£{X-Øn-te°v am‰n

{]Xn-jvTn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.

the sFXnlyw

a‰v t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-

ambn \mfnt\tbm, kw{I-a-tØtbm Bkv]-Z-am-

°msX ao\w 20-˛\v BWv the BtLm-jn-°p-∂-

Xv. ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-bp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v c≠p Imc-W-

ß-fmhmw CXn\p ]n∂n¬. 1. ao\w 20-˛\v Bbn-cn-

°Ww s\√n-°p-f-Øn-bΩ s\√n-bm-ºXn ae-bn¬

\n∂pw sImS-Ic a∂s‚ IpS-∏p-dØv h∂-sX∂pw

2. tImX-Ip-f-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ t£{X-Øn¬

\n∂pw C∂p ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ t£{X-Øn-te°v

am‰n {]Xn-jvTn®Xv ao\w 20-˛\v s\∂pw Bbn-cn-

°-Ww.

`‡-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\pw, ZpjvS-\n-{K-l-Øn-\pw-

th≠n At\Iw Akp-csc

\n{K-ln -°p -hm≥ At\Iw

Ah-Xm-c-ßƒ ssIs°m≠

tZhn-bpsS ZmcnI \n{K-l-Øn-

\p-tijw `‡sc ]cn-]m-en-

°p∂ tZhok¶-ev]-Øn-emWv

tZhnsb Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv.

tZh-tem-I-sØ-bpw, tZh-

∑m-sc-bpw, Xm]-k-∑m-scbpw

AXy¥w hnd-∏n®v sIme-sN-

bvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Zmcn-Im-kp-

cs‚ D]- {Zhw kln -°-h -

ømsX tZh-∑m¿ {Xnaq¿Øn-

Isf A`bw {]m]n-°p-I-bpw,

- 205 -


XXv-k-abw `K-hm≥ {io]-c-ta-iz-cs‚ Xr°-Æn¬

\n∂pw D{K-cq-]n-Wn-bmbn tZhn ]nd-°p-Ibpw, Zmcn-

Im-kp-cs\ \n{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. (kv{Xo-Iƒ

aqew am{Xta Xs‚ acWw kw`-hn-°mhq F∂

hcw Zmcn-I≥ t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p.)

ao\w 1˛\v the Iqd-bn´p Ign-™m¬ 1 apX¬

21-̨ -hsc t£{X-Øn¬ Ifw-]m v́ \SØp-∂p. ao\w 7

apX¬ iothen sIm≠m-Sp-∂p. the BtLm-jn-

°p∂ ao\w 20-̨ \v apt∂mSn-bmbn Ht´sd [¿Ωm-[n-

jvTn-X-hpw, ̀ ‡n-\n¿ -̀c-hp-amb NS-ßp-Iƒ CcptZi-

ß-fnepw (s\-∑m-d-̨ -h-√-ßn) sIm≠m-Sp-∂p.

ao\w 9˛\v s\∑md a∂-Øpw, th´-bvs°mcp

aI≥ t£{X-Ønepw sImSn-acw (sIm-Sn-°q-d) \mń

XpS¿∂p≈ 9 Zn\-ß-fnepw IWym¿ sIm≠m-Sp-

∂p. ]®-ap-f-bn¬ Iºv Xd®v hfbw sh®v Ad-fn-

]q-°-fm¬ Ae-¶-cn® IpΩmń hnhn[ `mK-Øp-

\n∂pw FØn s\∑mdaμØv kwK-an®v tZhnsb

kvXpXn®v ]mSn ths´-bvs°mcp aI≥ t£{X-

Øn¬ sN∂v B¿∏p-hn-fn-tbmsS Ah-km-\n-°p-

∂p. ao\w 18-˛\v Icn-the sIm≠m-Sp-∂p. ZmcnI

\n{K-l-Øn¬ k¥p-jvSn-]q≠ `‡¿ tZhn-bpsS

kl-Nm-cn-I-fmb `qX-K-W-ß-tfmsSm∏w B¿Øp-

√-kn-°p∂ coXn-bn-emWv Icn-the sIm≠m-Sp-∂-

Xv. ao\w 19-̨ \v D{K-cq-]n-Wn-bmb tZhn-bpsS tIm]w

ian-∏n-°p-hm≥ inh`qX-K-W-ßƒ, Ejo-iz-c-∑m¿

F∂n-h¿ h∂v tZhnsb {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚

{]Xo-I-am-bn, cp{Zm-£-am-e-bpw, hni-dn-bp-ambn Ejo-

iz-c-∑m-cpsS thj-Øn¬ FØp-∂p. Cu c≠p Zn\-

ß-fnepw tZi-a-μw, aq∏n¬ \mb¿, ths´-bvs°m-

cp-a-I≥ t£{Xw, ]m´-amfn `h\w F∂n-hn-S-ß-

fn¬ \nd-]d sNmcn-bp-∂p. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ F√m

NS-ßp-Iƒ°pw tZhn-bpsS {]Xn-]p-cp-j-\mb shfn-

®-∏m-Sns‚ t\XrXzw CXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

ao\w 20-˛\v s\√n-bm-º-Xn-a-e-bpsS Xmgvhc-

bn¬ Ccp tZi-ß-fnepw X¶-Øn-S-tº‰n AWn-\n-

c-°p∂ KP-ho-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw, Xmf-ta-f-ß-fpsS AI-

º-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqSn t£{X-k-hn-[-Øn¬ FØp-I-bpw,

XmXvIm-en-I-ambn {]tXyIw D≠m-°nb sshZypXn

Zo]m-ew-Ir-X-amb ]¥-en¬ AWn-\n-c°pIbpw

sNøp-∂p. Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb a’cw Cu ]¥-¬

\n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ \S-°p-∂p. XnS-tº-dnb KP-ho-c-

t\m-sSm∏w a‰v KP-ho-c-∑m¿ tZhnsb {]Z-£nWw

sh®p Ign -™m¬ h¿Æ-i-_-f -amb Icn -a -

cp∂p{]tbmKw Ccp-tZ-i-ß-fnepw \S-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂v cm{Xn-th-ebpw CtX-]Sn \S-°p-∂p. Hmtcm

h¿j-ß-fnepw AXmXp tZi-ß-fn-se BtLmjw

Kwò-c-am-°p-hm≥ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb a’-cw, tZi-

ß-fn¬ tZi-hm-kn-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

BtLmjthf-I-fn¬ tZi-ß-fn¬ \S-°p∂

]m≠n-ta-f-Øn-epw, ]©-hm-Zy-Ønepw, tIc-f-

Ønse {]ikvXcmb Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ AWn-\n-c-

°p-∂p. hntZ-i-ß-fn¬ tPmen-sN-øp∂ tZi-hm-kn-

- 207 -


Iƒ tZhn-bpsS amam-¶-

Øn¬ ]¶p -sIm -≈p -

hm≥ \m´n¬ FØp-

hm≥ {]tXyIw {ian-

°p-∂p.

]mc -º -c y -h p w ,

ss]Xr-I-hpw, \q‰m-≠p-

Iƒ ]g-°-hpap≈ the

atlm-’-hw, KP-ho-c-

∑m -cpsS AI-º-Sn -

tbmsS AXmXp tZi-a-

μ-ß-fn¬ Xncn-s®Øn

XnSºv Cd-°p∂tXmsS

D’hØn\v kam-]\w

Ipdn-°p∂p ˛ ho≠pw

ASpØ the atlm-

’-hsØ hc-th¬°p-

hm≥.

tIc - f -Ø n se

tIƒhn-tI´ KP-ho-c-

∑msc AWn-\n-c-Øp-∂-

Xn¬ Ccp-tZ-i-ßfpw hmin-tb-dnb a’cw \S-Øp-

∂p-. KP-cm-P≥ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tIi-h≥, Kpcp-hm-bq¿

]fl-\m-̀ -≥ XpS-ßnb KP-ho-c-∑m¿ A\-h-[n-Imew

s\∑md tZi-Øn-\p-th≠n `K-h-Xn-bpsS tImew

G‰n-bn-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ 10 sIm√ambn tIƒhn-tI´

sX®n-t°m v́Imhv cma-N-{μ≥ ̀ K-h-Xn-bpsS tImew

hln-°p-∂Xv Xßƒ°njvS-s∏´ KP-ho-c-∑msc

In´p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]e-t∏mgpw h≥Xp-IIƒ CXn-

\p-th≠n Nne-hm-°p-∂p-≠v.

B\-bpsS Imcy-Øn-te-Xp-t]mse Xs∂-

bmWv taf-Øn\v ]©-hm-Zyw, Xmb-º-I, F∂n-h-

bpsS Imcy-hpw.

ImWn-Isf hnkva-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-hn[w Icna-

cp-∂p-{]-tbmKw Hcp°p-∂-Xn¬ s\∑m-d-tZiw

{]tXyIw {i≤-sIm-Sp-°m-dp-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬

G‰hpw A[nIw Icn-a-cp∂v {]tbmKw \S-Øp-∂Xv

s\∑md h√-ßn-tZiw Xs∂-bm-Wv.

AXn-ep]cn s\∑m-d-tZiw Ign™ ]Øp

h¿j-Øn-te-sd-bmbn Icn-a-cp∂v {]tbmKw \S-Øp-

∂Xv tZi-Øns‚ kz¥w DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ 21

G°¿ ÿe-Øp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Cu IrXyw-\n¿h-

ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n tZi-Ønse F√m AwK-ß-

fpw, s\∑md tZi-Øns‚ OverseasAssociation Dubai˛bpw hfsc \√ coXn-bn¬ klm-

bn-®ph-cp-∂p.

Atim-I≥ : ap≥ tPmbn‚v sk{I-´-dn, s\∑m-d-tZiw

- 209 -


Xncp-am‘mwIp∂v]qcw]n. kn. Ac-hn-μ≥

Nnc-]p-cm-X-\-Imew

apX¬ tIc-f -Øn¬

{]kn-≤-ß-fmb aq∂p ̀ {Z-

Im-fo-t£-{X-ß-fm-Wp-≈-

Xv; Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse

{io]-\-b-\m¿°mhv `{Zm-

t£-{Xhpw, sIm®n-bnse

{iosIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ Ipcpw-

_-t£-{Xhpw, ae-_m-

dnse {ioXn-cp-am-‘mw-

Ip∂v ̀ K-h-Xo-t£-{X-hpw.

h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚ Bÿm-

\-am -bn -cp∂ sh≈m-´ -

ßmSn AYhm Ct∏m-

gsØ ae-∏pdw Pn√ -

bnse Aßm-Sn-∏p-d-Øm-

Wv {ioXncp-am-‘mw-Ip-∂n-

eΩ hncm-Pn -°p-∂-Xv.

{ioa-lm-`m-K-hXØn¬

{]Io¿Øn-°-s∏´ {ioam-

‘m-Xmhv F∂ kqcy-hw-

i-P-\mb cmP¿jn-bm¬

{]Xn-jvTn-X-amb inh-enw-

K-amWv {ioaq-e-ÿm-\-

sØ-¶nepw, k]vX-am-Xr-°-tfm-sSmØv amXr-im-e-

bn¬ hS-t°m-´-`n-ap-J-ambn hnf-ßp∂ {ioXn-cp-

am‘mwIp∂n-e-Ω-bpsS t]cn-em-Wv t£{Xw Adn-

b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-ØnseØs∂ G‰hpw henb

`{Z-Im-fo-Zm-cp-_nw-_-amWv ChnsS F∂v kqNn-∏n-

®p-sIm-≈-s´. temI-am-Xm-hmb Cu tZhn tIc-f-

Ønse G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\-cm-P-hw-i-amb h≈p-h-cm-

P-hw-i-Øns‚ ]c-tZ-h-X-bm-Wv. h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚

Bflm-`n-am\w kwc-£n-°m≥ \mhm-a-W-∏p-dsØ

amam-¶-a-tlm-’-h-ß-fn¬ hoc-ar-Xyp-h-cn® Nmth-

dp-I-fn-eqsS tIcf Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp kph¿Æm-

≤ymbw IqSn-bm-Wv {ioXn-cp-am-‘mw-Ip-∂v.

B≠n¬ Hs´√m

amk-ß-fnepw {ioXn-cp-am-

‘mw-Ip-∂n¬ D’-h-ß-

fp-s≠-¶nepw ao\-am-k-

Ønse aI-bncw

\mƒsXm´v ]Xn-s\m∂p

Zn\-ßƒ \o≠p-\n¬

°p∂ ]qc-amWv Chn-

SpsØ atlm-’-hw.

cmP-Io-b-amb {]uVn

bpw Xm{¥n-I-\n-jvTbpw

BNm-c-∏-g-abpw B\p-Im-

en-I-s∏m-en-a-bp-sa√mw

tafn-°p∂ {ioXn-cp-am-

‘mw-Ip -∂n -e -Ω-bpsS

Cu Xncp-hp-’hw h≈p-

h-\m-Sns‚ tZio-tbm-’-

h-amWv; amam-¶-a-tlm-’-

h-amWv!

]qcm--tLm-j-Øn\v

\mμn-Ip-dn-°p-∂Xv [\p-

am-k-Ønse ap∏-´p-sNm-

Δm-gvN-bm-Wv. A∂v amXr-

im-e-bn-tebpw {ioaq-e-

ÿm-\-tØbpw AØm-g-∏q-P-Iƒ°p-tijw {ioaq-

e-ÿm-\-Øn-∂-̀ n-ap-J-ambn "Imhp-S-b-\m-b¿' hnf°v

sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. h≈p-h-\m-´p-Ic henb h√-`-cm-

Pm-hn-s‚bpw \m´p-{]-am-Wn-I-fp-tSbpw ÿm\n-I-fp-

tSbpw ASn-b-¥-c-°m-cp-tSbpw a‰pw km∂n-[y-Øn-

emWv Cu I¿Ωw. "]qcw Ipdn-°p-I-bt√' F∂v

h≈q-t°m-\m-Xncn tNmZn-°p-Ibpw "AsX' F∂v

Iq´w kΩ-X-a-cp-fp-Ibpw sNøp∂ NS-ßm-Wn-Xv.

]qcw-Ip-dn-°m-\p≈ Xocp-am-\-am-bm¬ CXns‚ hnfw-

_-c-sa-t∂mWw ]nt‰-Zn-hkw k‘y°v Iotg-S-amb

tht -́°-c≥Im-hn¬ \n∂pw aq∂v BNm-c-sh-Sn-Iƒ

apg-ßpw. Nne -h¿j-ß-fn¬ bp≤-̀ o-j-Wn, hcƒ®,


- 210 -

alm-hym-[n-Iƒ F∂n-Xym-Zn-I-fm¬ Hcp’-hsØ

Dƒs°m-≈m≥ tZiw k÷-am-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬,

At∂-Zn-hkw Xocp-am-\-Øn-\p-tijw amXr-im-e-

bn¬\n∂pw `K-h-Xn-bpsS XnSºv ]pd-sØ-gp-∂-

≈n®v aq∂p-cp -t£-{Xw-h-ew-sh®v amXr-im-e-bn-te-

°p-Xs∂ B\-bn-°p-∂p. As°m√w ]ns∂ ]qc-

ap-≠m-hn-√, Cu k‘y-mthe am{Xtabp≠m-hq.

sIm√-h¿jw 1058-˛¬ Xos∏´ a¶S hen-b-X-ºp-

cms‚ `c-W-Imew apX¬ F√m-h¿jhpw ]qc-am-

tLm-jn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\-am-sb-¶nepw, B ]gb NS-

ßns‚ kvac-W-°mbn C∂pw k‘y-th-e-∏m v́ \S-

°p-∂p. HcpIm-e-Øv amam-¶w-t]mse ]{¥≠p

kwh-’-c-ßƒ IqSp-tºm-gmWv ]qcw sIm≠m-Sn-

bn-cp-∂-X-s{X. ]qc-am-tLm-jn-°mØ 11 h¿j-

ßƒ°v Hmtcm ]qcw F∂ \ne-bn¬ {ioXn-cp-am-

‘mw-Ip∂v ]qcw 11 Znh-k-am-bXpw Aßn-s\-bs{X!

]qc-Øn\v amk-ßƒ apºp-Xs∂ ]qc-∏-dºv

tee-hpw -a‰pw sN≠-sImń \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-K-

ß-fn¬ Adn-bn-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw GXm\pw Zim-

_vZ-ßƒ apºp-hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. tZisØ

aqØm-»m-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \n›-bn-°p∂

ip -̀ap-lq¿Ø-Øn-emWv ]qc-∏-¥-ens‚ I∂n-°m¬

\mń-bn-cp-∂-Xv. tZisØ s]cp-h-Æm≥ kap-Zm-b-

Øn¬s∏-́ -h¿ ]qX-∑m-cpsS thjw-sIń \msSßpw

Xp≈n-\-S∂v ]qcm-K-a\w Adn-bn-°p-∂p. ]qc-Øn\v

Ggp-\mƒapºv ip≤n-I-e-ihpw tlmam-Zn-I¿Ω-

ßfpw kam-cw-`n-°p-∂p.

hriv-NnIw H∂n\v "Iqd-am-‰p∂' Ifw-]m´v

Imew-Iq-Sp-∂Xv ]Ømw ]qc-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. Ah-

km\ tLmj-∏m-´mb "tcmln-Wn-∏m´v' khn-ti-

j-amWv. ]nt‰-∂mWv {ioXn-cp-am‘mwIp∂n-e-Ω-

bpsS ]qcw-]p-d-∏mSv'.

{_m“-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬Øs∂ t£{Xhpw

X -́Ihpw DW-cp-∂p. Xncp-ap‰w ̀ ‡-P\ßfm¬ \nd-

™p-I-hn-bp-∂p. cmhnse 8 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn IqØ-

º-e-Øn¬ \ßym¿Iq-Øv Ac-tß-dp-∂p. XpS¿∂v

NmIym-cpsS IqØp-]p-d-∏m-Spw. At∏m-tgbv°pw

ae-b≥Ipńbpw kwLhpw AΩ-°p≈ ImgvN-

°mbp-am-sb-Øp-∂p. Xncp-ap-‰Øv ]qX-ßƒ sIń-

bm-Sp-∂p. ]Øp-a-Wn-tbmsS ]¥o-c-Sn-∏q-P-°p-tijw

amXr-im-e-bn¬ ]pd-∏mSv ]qP. XpS¿∂v BZy-

B-dm-ń-\mbn AΩ amXr-imebn¬\n∂pw hS-t°-

_-en-°¬∏p-c-hgn Fgp-∂-≈p-∂p. _en-°¬∏pc-

bpsS {]th-i-\∏-Sn-bn¬ sh®v AΩ°v Nmth¿`-

S-∑m-cpsS BNm-c-h-μ-\w.

XpS¿∂v AΩ AWn-

s™m-cp -ßnb KP-cm -

Ps‚ apI-fn-te-°v. Ien-

sIm-≈p∂ tIma-c-Øm-

∑m¿, IXn-\-sh-Sn-sbm-®-

Iƒ, "AtΩ-i-cWw'

F∂ a{¥-hp-ambn Iq∏p-

ssI-I-fp-ambn `‡-k-l-

{k-ßƒ. h√-`-cm-Pm-hn-

s‚bpw, kma-¥-∑m-cp-tS-

bpw, Icp -h -®q¿aq - v ,

aÆm¿°mSp aq∏n¬\m-

b¿ XpS-ßnb \m´p-{]-am-

Wn-I-fp-tSbpw a‰pw AI-

º-Sn-tbmsS t£{Xw Hcp

{]Z-£nWw sh®v temI-

am-Xmhv BZysØ Bdm-

ń-\mbn sImń-bn-d-ßp-

- 211 -


∂p. sImSn-tXm-c-W-ß-

fpsS h¿Æ-s∏m-en-abpw

hmZy-ta-f-ß-fpsS Xmf-s∏-

cp∏pw Cg-tN-cp-∂, cmP-

Iob ]cn-thjw hnfn-t®m-

Xp∂, Cu Bdm-s´-gp-∂-

≈-Øn\v km£ywhln-

°m≥ h≈p-h-\m-ńse

B_m-e-hr≤w P\-ßfpw

Cu Ip∂n≥ap -I -fn¬

kwK-an-°p-∂p.

Bdm -´ n -s\ -g p -∂ -

≈p∂ AΩsb apJw-

]m¿°m≥ I√p-]m-e-Øn-

\-°sc ImgvN-°p-S-I-fp-

ambn P∑w sNdp-a-°-fpw,

]d-°m-f-I-fp-ambn ]d-b-k-

ap-Zm-b-°m-cpw, ]qXw-sIń

s]cp-h-Æm-∑mcpw, i¶-c-\m-b-Sn-bp-ambn ]mW-cp-

sa√mw HØptN¿∂n-́ p-≠m-hpw. B\-∏p-d-Øp-\n-∂p-

an-dßn AΩ Bdm-´p-I-Shn-te-°v. ]pWymlw

Ign™v a™fpw Ip¶p-ahpamSn AΩ hmZy-ta-fm-

I-º-Sn-tbmsS Bdm-Sp-∂p. Cu thf-bn¬ {_m“-

Wn-b-Ω-∏m-´p-ap-≠m-hpw. Bdm´p]qP-bpsS BcXn

Bhm-ln®pw, AΩ BSnb a™fpw Ip¶p-ahpw

{]km-Z-ambn Nm¿Ønbpw, `‡-P-\-ßƒ \n¿hr-

Xn-b-S-bp-∂p.

C\n AΩ-bpsS sImń-°-b-‰-am-Wv. ]Øp-

\S Ib-dn-h-cp∂ AΩsb Bc-Xn-bp-gn™pw Acn-

sb-dn™pw "ASn-Iƒ' hc-th¬°p-∂p. Xncp-ap-‰Øv

\nd-®p-sh-∏pap≠v! XpS¿∂v hS-t°-\-S-bnepw alm-

tZ-hs‚ \S-bnepw {ioaq-e-ÿm-\Øpw ]©m-cn-ta-

f-tØmsS Hcp {]Z-jn-Ww. ]n∂oSv \mZ-kz-c-{]-Z-

£n-Whpw hew-X-e--sImń H‰s®≠ {]Z-jn-W-hpw.

B\-∏p-d-Øp-\n-∂p-an-dßn, AΩ \me-º-e-Øn-

te°pw amXr-im-e-bn-te°pw Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈p-∂p.

amXr-im-e-bn-se-Øn-bm¬ D®-∏q-P. tijw

{io`q-X-_-en -Xqhn aq∂p {]Z-jn-Ww. HmSn-Øq-hn-

bmWv aq∂mw {]Z-jn-Ww. ho≠pw amXr-im-e-bn-

se-Øn-bm¬ Xncp-\-S-b-S-bv°p-∂p; ]I¬∏qcw kam-

]n-°p-∂p.

sshIp-t∂cw Hm´≥Xp-≈-tem-Sp-IqSn t£{X-

Xn-cp-ap‰w ho≠p-ap-W-cp-∂p. k‘y-tbmsS \mZ-kz-

c-tk-hbpw Xmb-º-I-bpw. Zo]m-cm-[-\-°p-tijw

t£{X-]m-e\p apºn¬ ]mT-Iw. ]m´p-sIm-ń-en¬

A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-bmb \mep-]m-Zw.

tIfn, sImºp-]‰v F∂n-h-I-gn -™m¬

cm{Xn-bm-dm-ń-\p≈ Hcp°-am-bn. ]I¬∏q-c-Øn-s\-

∂-t]mse amXr-im-e-bn¬\n∂pw hS-t°-\-S-hgn

Cdßn t£{Xw Hcphpcp- h-ew-sh®v ]¥-ß-fpsS

{]Im-i-Øn¬ sImń-bn-d-°w. ]Øp-\-S-bn-se-Øn-

bm¬ IS-hn-\-°sc Kwò-c- I-cn-a-cp∂p{]tbm-K-ap-

≠v. BIm-i-Øn¬ i_vZ, h¿Æ hnkva-b-ßƒ

Xo¿Øv AΩ Bdm-´p-I-S-hn-te-°v. cm{Xn-bm-dm-ń\v

Ip¶p-a-am-Sm-dn-√ F∂-sXm-gn-®m¬ an°-hmdpw ]I-

em-dm-ńs‚ NS-ßp-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv cm{Xn-bm-dm-ń-

\pw. cm{Xn sImń-°-b-‰-Øn\p≈ ]m≠n-tafw

khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. sImń-°-bdn aq∂p {]Z-jn-W-

tijw amXr-im-e-bn-te-°v. ]ns∂ AØm-g-∏q-P.

XpS¿∂v {io`q-X-_-en, hnf-°m-Nmcw F∂n-h-°p-

tijw Ifw-]m-´v. Ifw-am-bv®p-I-gn-™m¬ cm{Xn-

bnse NS-ßp-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂p.

H∂mw ]qcsØ®S-ßp-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv


- 212 -

c≠mw ]qc-Zn-h-k-hpw. c≠mw ]qcw- ap-X¬ t£{X-

ap-‰-tØbpw ]qc-∏-d-ºn-tebpw thZn-I-fn¬ t£{X-

I-e-Iƒ°p-]p-dta P\-Iob Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-IƒIqSn

Ac-tß-dp-∂p.

aq∂mw ]qcw ]I-em-dm-́ p-hsc "]S-lmZn' apd-

bn¬ \S-°p∂ ]qcw, Zo]m-cm-[-\-°p-ti-j-ap≈

sImSn-tb-‰-tØmsS "[zPmZn'apd-bn-em-Ip-∂p. hS-

t°-\-S-bn-ep≈ kz¿Æ-[z-P-Øn¬ `K-h-Xn-bpsS

sImSn-tb-‰w; Ing-t°-\-S-bnse kph¿Æs°mSn-a-

c-Øn¬ alm-tZ-h-t‚-bpw, a‰p ÿm\ß-fn¬ Zn°p-

sIm-Sn-Iƒ \m´p-∂p. ̀ K-hXn cm{Xn-bm-dm-́ n\p sImń-

∏p-d-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv alm-tZ-hs‚ {io`q-X-_-en-

bp-≠v. \memw- ]qcw ̨ ]Xnhp NS-ßp-I-tfmsS AΩ-

bpsS ]Iepw cm{Xn-bp-ap≈ Bdm-́ p-Iƒ. k‘y°v

Zo]m-cm-[-\-°p- tijw \me-º-e-Øn¬ {]tXyIw

k÷-am-°nb "apf-bd'bn¬ \h-[m-\y-ßƒ apf-bn-

Sm≥ sh°p-∂p. CtXmsS ]qc-®-S-ßp-Iƒ "A¶p-

cmZn' apd-bn-em-Ip-∂p. A©mw ]qc-Zn-h-ksØ

cm{Xn-bm-dm´v an°-hmdpw t\csØ \S-Øp-∂p.

AØm-g-∏q-P-°p tijw t£{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Fgp-∂-≈n-°p∂ Zo]-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Imhp-S-b-

\m -b¿ IY-I-fn -bpsS B´-hn -f°v sXfn -bn -

°p-∂-Xv.

Bdmw Znhkw `K-h-Xn-bpsS ]I-em-dm-´p-I-

gn-™m¬ alm-tZ-hs‚ D’-h-_-en-bm-Wv. cm{Xn-

bm-dm´v ]Xn-hp-t]m-se. Ggmw ]qc-Zn-hkw ]I-em-

dm-ń-\p-ti-j-amWv `K-h-Xn-bpsS D’-h-_-en.

k‘y-°p≈ Xmb-º-Ibpw khn-ti-j-am-Wv.

cm{Xn-bm-dm´v sImń-°-b-dn-bm¬ Ingt° Xncp-ap-‰-

Øp-sh®p \S-°p∂ "Iºw sImfp-Ø¬' Ggmw

]qc-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. Xºp-cms‚ A\p-

hm-Z-tØmsS tZisØ aqØm-»m-cn-bm-Wv Iº-

Øn\v XosIm-fp-Øp-∂-Xv. ]qcw-]p-d-∏m-Sn-\p-tijw

t£{Xm-¶Ww `‡-cm¬ \nd-™p- I-hn-bp∂

as‰mcp aqlq¿Ø-am-Wn-Xv.

`K-h-Xn-bp-tSbpw alm-tZ-h-s‚bpw Hcpan-®p≈

]I-em -dm´mWv F´mw -]q -csØ khn -ti-j-

am-°p-∂-Xv. ]¥o-c-Sn -∏q-P-°p-tijw Ingt°

_en-°¬∏p-c hgn Fgp-∂≈n bm{Xm-_-en- Xqhn

t£{Xw Hcp h-ew-sh®v Ingt° sImSn-a-c-®p-h-́ n-

se-Øp-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw ̀ K-h-Xnbpw hSt° _en-

°¬∏p-c-bn-dßn KP-cm-Ps‚ apI-fn¬ Ingt° \S-

bn-se-Øp-∂p. Ccp-hcpw Hcpan®v Bdm-́ p-I-S-hn-te°v

Fgp-∂-≈p-∂p. Cu ""tZh-Zzb ssNX\y kwK-a-

Z¿i\w'' Akp-e` ku`m-Ky-Zm-b-I-a-s{X! sImń°-

b-‰hpw Hcpan-®p-X-s∂. {]Z-jnWw Ign™v AΩ

amXr-im-e-bn-te°v Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈p-∂p.

Ccp-]-Ønsbm∂v {]Z-£n-W-Øn-\p-tijw

sImSn-bn-d°n alm-tZ-h\pw {iotIm-hn-en-te°v

{]th-in-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ccp-]-Øn-b©v Ie-ihpw

D®-∏q-P-bpw. alm-tZ-hs‚ Xncp-hp-’hw ChnsS

kam-]n-°p-∂p. ]Xn-hp-t]mse ̀ K-h-Xn-bpsS cm{Xn-

bm-dm´v \S-°p-∂p.

Ccp-t\-c-ß-fn -ep≈ Xncp -hm-dm-´ -√msX

HºXmw ]qc-Øn\v {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ H∂pan-√.

F∂m¬ HºXmw ]qc-tØmsS Xncp-ap-‰-tØbpw

]qc-∏-d-ºn-tebpw thZn-I-fn-embn \S-∂p-h-∂n-cp∂

Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

Ah-km-\sØ ]I-em-dm´v \S-°p∂ AΩ-

bpsS ]Ømw]qcw Hcp]mSv {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ \nd-

™-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-hn\v hn]-co-X-ambn A∂v Hm´≥Xp-

≈¬ ImeØv F´p aWn-tbmsS Ac-tß-dp-∂p.

sImń-bn-d°w ]¥oc-Sn -∏q-P-°p-tijwXs∂.

sImń-°-b-dn-bm¬ Xncp-ap-‰Øv ]©m-cn-tafw;

XpS¿∂v aq∂v ]Xn-hp-{]-Z-jn-W-ß-fpw. D®-∏q-P- I-

gn-™m¬ \S AS-°p-I-bm-bn.

]qcm-tLm-j-Øns‚ AXn-{]-[m\ NS-ßmb

"]≈n-th´' ]Ømw ]qc-Øn-\m-Wv. Xncn™p

]¥o-c-Sn-°p-tijw (Xncn-™p-]-¥o-cSn F∂Xv

{ioXn-cp-am‘mw Ip∂n¬ am{Xw \ntXy\ \S-∂p-

h-cp∂ Hcp khn-tij ]qP-bmWv) CXn-\p≈

Hcp°-ßƒ XpS-ßp-∂p.

H‰s®-≠m-hm-Zy-tØmsS t£{Xw A©p-h-

ew-sh®v temI-am-Xmhv ]≈n-\m-bm-́ n-\mbn sXt°

\S-bn-d-ßp-∂p. h≈q-°-\m-cn-bp-tSbpw X{¥n-bp-

tSbpw Imhp-S-b-\m-b-cp-tSbpw a‰pw AI-º-Sn-tbm-

sS-bmWv AΩ-bpsS Fgp-∂-≈-Øv. kI-e-N-cm-N-c-

ßƒ°pw k¿Δ-`q -X-K -W-ßƒ°pw _en-Xq -

InbXn\pti-j-amWv ]≈n-\m-bmń\p≈ AΩ-

- 213 -


bpsS bm{X. sXs° t£{X-tKm-]pcw ]n∂n´v

Iotg-S-amb tht´-°-c≥ Im-hn-se-Øp∂p. t£{X-

Xn-cp-ap-‰Øv AΩsb kzoI-cn-®n-cp-Øp-∂p. \S-Xp-

d∂v tht´-°-c-\p≈ \nth-Zy-ap-≠v. AXn-\p-tijw

]≈n-th-´-°p≈ Aºpw-hn√pw Imhp-S-b-\m-b¿

t£{Xw X{¥n°v ssIam-dp-∂p. X{¥n Aºpw-

hn√pw hen-b-X-ºp-cms‚ ssII-fn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-

∂p. {ioXn-cp-am‘mwIp∂n-e-Ω-bpsS {]Xn-]p-cp-j-

\mbn henb Xºp-cm≥ ]∂n F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn¬

AhnsS Xøm-dm°n sh®n-´p≈ hcn-°-®-°sb

Asº-øp-∂p. IXn\mshSn-Ifpw iwJ-\m-Zhpw

B¿∏p-hn-fn-tLm-j-ßfpw A¥-co-£-Øn-seßpw

Db-cp-∂p. tht´-°-c≥Imhn¬ \n∂pw hnP-b-{io-

em-fn-X-bmb hniz-P-\-\n-bpsS Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈-

ØmWv C\n. hgn-\otf \nd-]-dbpw \ne-hn-f°pw

sh®v AΩsb tZiw hc-th¬°p-∂p. AW-ap-dn-

bmsX Ae-b-Sn-°p∂ B{in-X-km-K-csØ A\p-

{K-ln®pw Bio¿Δ-Zn®pw ]©-hm-Zy-tØm-sS, Be-

h´ sh©mac-ß-tfmsS alm-ambbpsS Xncn-s®-

gp-∂-≈Øv t£{X-Xn-cp-ap-‰-sØ-Øp-tºm-tg°pw

HºXp aWn-tbm-f-am-hpw. hS-t°-_-en-°¬∏p-c-

bn¬ XnS-ºn-d°n AΩ°v Zo]m-cm-[\! Hcp

ImeØv Cu Zo]m-cm-[\ sXt°-\-S-°-ep≈

Nmth¿Ø-d-bn¬ ]m´p-Ip-dp-∏-∑m¿ {]tXyIw hnXm-

\n-s®m-cp-°nb aWvU-]-Øn¬ sh®m-bn-cp-∂p-

h-s{X. ho≠pw XnSºv B\-∏p-d-tØ-°v. AΩ-bpsS

cm{Xn-bm-dm-ń\p≈ Cd-°-am-bn. A∂v ]Xnhv {]Z-

jn-W-an√; t\tc- h-S-t°m-ń-d-ßp-∂p. ]Øp-\S

]n∂n-´m¬ AXn-Kw-ò-c-amb Icn-a-cp∂p {]tbm-Kw.

Zn°p-Isf {]I-º\w sIm≈n-®v, hnÆn¬ h¿Æ-

°m-gvN-Iƒ hnc-Nn®v AΩ-bpsS ]≈n-bm-dm v́! Bdm-

´p-I-gn™v Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈Øpw {]Z-£n-W-ßfpw

AØm-g-∏q-P-bpw. Ifw-]m-ń-\p-tijw AΩ-bpsS

]≈n-°-dp∏v! ]≈n-th-´-I-gn™v £oWn-X-bmb

tZhn alm-tZ-hs‚ apJ-a-WvU-]-Øn¬ \h-[m-\y-

ßƒ apf-bn-´p-\n¬°p∂ ]√-h-X-ev]-Øn¬ ]≈n-

\n-{Z-sIm-≈p-∂p.

]nt‰∂v {_m“-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬ Hcp ]ip-

°n-Sm-hns‚ "AtΩ!' hnfnbpw iwJ-\m-Zhpw tI´v

Xr°-Wn-I≠v AΩ ]≈n-°-dp -∏p -W-cp -∂p.

FÆbpw tX\pw s\øpamSn hmI-®m¿Øp Ign™v

k]vX-ip-≤n- h-cpØn Ae-¶m-c-ß-f-Wn™v AΩ

amXr-im-e-bn-te°v Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈p-∂p. AhnsS

sh®v Dj-∏q-P. A∂n\n ]I-em-dm-ń-√, C\n \ocm-

t´-bp-≈q.

Dj-∏q-P-°p-tijw e`n-°p∂ apfw-{]-kmZw

hmßm-\mbn `‡-cpsS \o≠\nc t£{X-ap-‰Øv

cq]w sIm≠n-cn -°pw.

HºXp aWn-tbmsS ImgvN

iothen XpS-ßp-∂p. ]©-

hm-Zy-Øns‚ taf-s°m-gp∏pw

Be-h´sh©m-acapØp-°p-

S-I-fpsS Nmb-°-e¿∏pw ]I-

cp∂ [\y-X-bn¬ t£{Xm-

¶-WØnse Icn-¶¬∏m-fn-

Iƒt]mepw Ipfn-c-Wn-bp-

∂p!

sshIp-t∂cw aq∂v

aWn°v NmIym¿ Iq-Øv;

XpS¿∂v Hm´≥Xp-≈¬.

hS-t°-\-S-bn¬ ]qXw Ifn-

bp-≠v. Ah¿°p≈ D]-

lm-c-ßƒ t£{Xw A[n-

Ir-X¿ kΩm-\n-°p-∂p.


- 214 -

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Xncp-am-‘mw-Ip∂n\p kao-]-

ap≈ {iodm-h-d-hÆ inh-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Xncp-am‘mw Ip∂n-te-°p≈ Fgp-∂-≈n∏v XpS-

ßn-bn-´p-≠m-hpw. A∂p-cm{Xn Xncp-am‘mwIp∂n-

e-Ω°v Nm¿Øm-\p≈ Xncp-hp-S-bm-S-bp-ambmWv

Ah-cpsS hc-hv. CXp-t\sc apXp-]d alm-

hnjvWpt£{X-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-

\n-∂p≈ as‰mcp tLmj-bm{X Ch-tcm-sSm∏w

tNcp-∂p. ]©-hm-Zyhpw, Imh-Sn-bm-´-hpw, in¶m-

cn-ta-f-hpw, \mS≥ Iem-cq-]-ß-fp-sams° AWn-

\n-c-°p∂ Cu h¿Æm-`-amb alm-tLm-j-bm{X

Xfn-t£{Xw hgn Xncp -am-‘mw-Ip-∂nseØn

AΩ°v Xr°m-gvN-b¿∏n®v kam-]n-°p-∂p. ]Øp-

a-Wn-tbmsS CXp-]-sØm-∂m-asØ Bdm-ń-\mbn

AΩ-bpsS sImń-bn-d-°w. D’-h-_-en-°p-tijw

t£{Xw Hcph´w hew-sh®v AΩ hSt° \S-bn-

d-ßp-∂p. CutSm-Sp-Iq-Snb Icn-a-cp∂v {]tbm-K-

amWv A∂sØ sImńbnd-°-Øns‚ BI¿j-

Wo-b-X. ]Xn-s\m∂p aWn-tbmsS ]m≠n-ta-f-hp-

ambn ]qcw sImń-°-bdn Ccp-]-sØm∂p {]Z-jn-

Ww. Ccp -] -sØm -∂m -asØ

{]Z-£nWw Ign™m¬ sImSn-bn-d-°-am-bn. AΩ

amXr-im-e-bn¬ Xncn-s®-gp-∂≈n AØm-g-∏q-P-°p-

tijw Ccp-]-Øn-b©p Ie-i-hp-amSn {io`q-X-_-

enbpw IqSn-I-gn-™m¬ Xncp-\-S-b-S-°p-I-bm-bn.

Ncn{X kvac-W-I-fp-W¿Øp∂ as‰mcp NS-

ßmWv C\n-bp-≈Xv. "sXt°m-ń-d°w'. hmZy-tLm-

j-tØmsS h≈p-h-t°m-\m-Xncn sXt°-\-S-bn-dßn

]qc-∏-d-ºn-te-s°-gp-∂-≈p-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw ]mW-

cm-Pmhv "ae-b≥Ipń' sN≠-ta-f-tØm-sS, IpØp-

hn-f°pw Ipc-h-bp-ambn; ]cn-hm-c-ß-fpsS AI-º-

Sn-tbmsS, Xt≠dn AhnsS h∂n-´p-≠m-hpw. Ccp-

h-cp-tSbpw kulr-Z-kw-K-aw. Htc Xm-fw, Hscm‰-

`m-hw; km£yw hln-°m≥ `‡-P\ kmK-c-hpw.

Cu [\y-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬ tZiw aqØm-»mcn Iºw

sImfp-Øp∂p. C\n Ccp-h-cp-tSbpw aS-°-bm-{X-bm-

Wv. h≈p-h-cm-Pmhv Ip∂n≥ apI-fn-se-Øn-bm¬, hS-

t°-\-S-bnse hb-te-e-I-fn¬ AXyp-{K≥ Icn-a-cp∂v

hncp-∂v. AXns‚ h¿Æ-cm-Pn-Iƒ ̀ ‡-k-l-{k-ß-

fpsS angn-I-fnepw a\- p-I-fnepw ]I-cp∂ A\p-

`qXn Ah¿Æ-\obw!

]nt‰∂v cmhn -sebpw \ßym¿IqØpw

NmIym¿IqØpap-≠v. ]qc-∏-d-ºn¬ AXn-cm-hnse

XpS-ßp∂ hmin-tb-dnb Nhn-´p-Ifn kmbm-”-k-

‘y-hsc \ofp-∂p.

]qcw-I-gn™v Ggp-Zn -hkw Ign-™mte

Xncp-ap-‰sØ ]¥epw sImSn-°q-d-Ifpw am‰m-dp-

≈q. Cu Znh-k-ß-fn¬ cm{Xn-Im-eØv `K-h-Xn-

bp-sSbpw alm-tZ-h-s‚bpw ̀ qX-K-W-ß-fpsS D’-

h-as{X!

{ioXncp-am-‘mw-Ip∂v ]qc-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v

\S-°p∂ hn]p-e-amb NS-ßp-I-fnepw BtLm-j-

]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fnepw kh¿Æm-h¿Æt`Z-sat\y tZi-

Ønse \m\m-Pm-Xn-°m¿°p≈ ]¶m-fn-Øhpw

Ah-Im-i-ßfpw {it≤-b-amWv. Cu atlm-’-h-

Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®v e`y-amb tcJ-Iƒ

H∂pw C√. h≈p-h-t°m-\m-Xn-cn-am¿ Ah-cpsS Ipe-

ssZ-h-Øn\v AXn-]p-cm-X-\-Imew apX¬ \S-Øn-

h-∂n-cp∂ D’-h-am-Wn-sX-∂pw, AX√m; amam-¶m-

h-Imiw \jvS-s∏-´-t∏mƒ B D’-h-tØmSp InS-

]n-Sn-°-Ø-°-hÆw XpS-ßn-sh®XmWv Xncp-am-

‘mw-Ip∂v]qc-sa∂pw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-≠v. F¥m-

bmepw C{X-tbsd `‡-P-\-ßƒ kwK-an-°p∂

as‰mcp atlm-’hw h≈p-h-\m-Sn-\n√ F∂ kXyw

C∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p! AtΩ! alm-amtb!

F√mw Ahn-SpsØ ssh`hw! h≈p-h-\m-Sns‚

ku`mKyw!

]n.-kn. Ac-hn-μ≥ : "hS-°pw-\mYm! k¿Δw \S-Øpw-\mYm!'' F∂ inh-`-‡n-Km-\-Øn-eqsS

{]kn-≤-\mb ]n.-kn. Ac-hn-μ≥ CXn-\Iw Bbn-c-Øn-A™q-tdmfw `‡n-Km-\-ßƒ cNn-®p-I-gn-

™p. ""{ioXn-cp-am-‘mw-Ip∂v t£{X-am-lmflyw'' F∂ tZhkzw {]kn-≤o-I-c-Whpw At±-l-Øns‚

cN-\-bm-Wv. AΩ-bpsS Im¬®p-h-ńse "{io]Z'Øn¬ Xmakw!

- 215 -


DZ-b-Kncn Nph∂p `m\p-_nw_w hnfßn

\fn\ apIp-f-Pmse aμ-lmkw hncn™p

]\n-aXn ad-hmbn iwJ-\mZw apgßn

DW-cpI IWn-Im-◊m-\w-_tc iw_-tci:

tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ {]kn-≤-ß-fmb ]e ÿe-

ßfpw ImSpw taSp-ambn P\-hm-k-tbm-Ky-a-√m-Xmbn

InS-∂n-cp∂ Ime-Øp- t]mepw Xfn-∏-dºv kwkvIm-

c-Øns‚ Zo]-in-J-bp-ta¥n ]cn-e-kn-®n-cp-∂p. Pn√-

bpsS Bÿm-\-amb IÆqcpw DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse

{]kn-≤-s∏´ \K-c-amb Xe-t»-cnbpw a‰pw Adn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv Xfn-∏-dºv kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

Xne-I-°p-dn-bmbn Xnf-ßn. C∂pw IÆq¿ Pn√-

bnse G‰hpw henb Xmeq°v Xfn-∏-d-ºm-Wv.

k¿Δ cmPm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw cmPm-sh∂ \ne-

bn¬ cmP-cm-tP-iz-c-\mbn hmW-cp-fp∂ {ios]cpw

Xrt°m-hn-e-∏s‚ t£{XsØ Np‰n-∏-‰n-bp≈

{]tZiw ]≠v s]cn-©-√q¿ {Kmaw F∂ t]cn¬

Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. e£van-]p-c-sa∂v kwkvIr-X-

Ønepw Cu ÿesØ hyh-l-cn-®p-h-∂p. ChnsS

D≠m-bn-cp∂ ae-bmf {_m“-W-∑m-cpsS BVy-

sI. sF. \mcm-b-W≥ amÃ¿

Xzhpw B`n-Pm-Xyhpw BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[-hp-sa√mw

kphn-Zn-¥-ß-fm-Wv. I¿Ω-\n-jvT, X]-i-‡n, BNm-

c-ip-≤n, at{¥m-]m-k\ F∂nh-bn¬ Xfn-∏-d-ºns\

Pbn-°p-s∂mcp {Kmaw tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ C√m-bn-cp-

∂p-h-t{X. Xfn-∏-dºv inh-t£{Xw D≠m-b-Xn-\p-

ti-j-amWv Xr®w-_cw {ioIrjvW t£{Xw D≠m-

b-sX-∂mWv A`n-⁄-a-Xw. Xfn-∏-dºv cmP-cm-tP-

iz-cs‚ AXyp-{K-amb tXP v arZp-e-am-°m-\m-

Wt{X Xr®w-_cw t£{Xw ]Wn-X-Xv. km[m-c-

W-bmbn C∂pw Xfn-∏-dºn¬ t]mbn sXmgp-X-

tijw ̀ ‡-P-\-ßƒ, hnti-jn®pw A\y-\m-́ p-Im¿,

Xr®w-_-c-Øvt]mbn sXmgp-Xp-h-cp-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse 64 {_m“W {Kma-ß-fn¬s∏´

H∂mWv Xfn-∏-dºv {Kmaw. tImeØv cmPm-°-∑m¿

Xß-fpsS tImhn-e-I-Øn-\-SpØv tZh-Z¿i-\-Øn-

\mbn \n¿Ωn®v \S-Øn-h∂ t£{X-ßƒ°v Xfn

F∂m-bn-cp∂p t]cv. Xfn- \n¬°p∂ ÿew Xfn-

∏-d-ºm-bn. tImeØv \mń¬ s]cp-am-°-∑m-cmbn

Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A©v t£{X tZh≥am-cn¬ Hcp

{][m\ tZh-\mWv s]cn-©-√q¿ \oe-I-WvT-s]-cp-

amƒ (X-fn-∏-dºv cmP-cm-tP-iz-

c≥), Xr®w-_-cØv {io_m-e-Ir-

jvW-s]-cp-amƒ, sImń-bqcv {io

]-c-ta-iz-c-s]-cp-amƒ, Xe-t»cn

Xncp-h-ßm´v {io cm-a-N{μs]cp-

amƒ, ]ø-∂qcv {io kp{_-“-Wy-

kzman s]cp-amƒ. Cu {]tZ-i-

ßƒs°-√mw-IqSn ""sGW-cp-

amfnSw'' F∂pw ]d-™p-tIƒ°p-

∂p.

sFXnlyw

Xr®w -_cw t£{Xw

ÿnXn sNøp∂ ÿew ]≠p-

Im-eØv Hcp DXvIrjvS h\-{]-

tZ -i-am -bn -cp -∂p-h-t{X. t]cv

- 217 -


iw_-c-h\w. iw_-c≥ F∂ AXn-Zn-hy-\mb

al¿jn Gsd-°mew ChnsS X] v sNbvXp hkn-

®n-cp-∂p. {io iw_cal¿jn-bn¬ \n∂pw Cu

ÿe-Øn\v {io iw_-c-]pcw F∂ t]¿ e`n-®p.

Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ {io iw_-c-]pcw tem]n®v Xr®w-

_-c-am-bn.

`rKp-hwi t{ijvT-\mb ]c-ip-cm-a≥ ]e

t£{X-ßfpw kμ¿in-®p-h-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬

iw_ch\-Øn-ep≈ Zp¿§m-t£-{X-Øn¬ FØn.

AhnsS {io iw_c ap\n-t{i-jvT≥ ambm Zp¿§sb

tkhn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp I≠ `m¿§-h-cm-a≥ Xm¶-fn-

hnsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Dt±-i-sa-¥m-sW∂v

Bcm-™p. At∏mƒ ap\n-t{i-jvT≥ ]≠v Zzm]-c-

bp-K-Øn¬ tZhIn hkp-tZ-h≥am¿°v {ioIr-jvW≥

hcw sImSp-Ø-X-\p-k-cn®v `K-hm≥ Xs‚ kzm`m-

hnI cq]w [cn®v _e-̀ -{Z-t\m-Sp-IqSn Cu h\-Øn¬

h∂v _me-eo-e-I-fp-\p-jvTn-°m-\p≈ Imew kao-

]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw, B \¿Ø\w Im¨am-\mbn

{_“-RvPm-\n-I-sf√mw h∂p-tN¿∂p sIm≠n-cn-

°p-I-bm-sW∂pw Adn-bn-®p. B Znhy aplq¿Øw

h∂p. cma-Ir-jvW-∑m¿ _me-cq-]-Øn¬ k¿Δm-`-

c-W-hn-`q-jn-X-cmbn Xe-bn¬ abn¬∏o-enbpw

Imen¬ Nne-¶bpw [cn®v ]≠v tKmIp-e-Øn¬

F∂-t]mse iw_-c-h-\-Øn¬ \¿Ø\w sNbvXp.

B kabw tZhInhkp-tZ-h≥am-cpw, btim-Z,

tcmlnWn, \μ-tKm-]¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw cma-Ir-

jvW-∑m-cpsS eoem-hn-em-k-ßƒ I≠v AXy-[nIw

kt¥m-jn-®p. BIm-i-Øn¬ C{μm-Zn-tZ-h-I-fmb

ap∏Ønaq∂v tImSn tZh-∑mcpw K‘¿Δm-]vk-c-kp-

Ifpw H∂n®p-IqSn ]pjv]-hrjvSn sNbvXp.

CsX√mw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ `m¿§-h-cm-a≥

cma-Ir-jvW≥amsc kmjvSmwKw \a-kv°-cn®v {]Xn-

h-’cw Ipw`-amkw ]Xn-\mev Znhkw ChnsS

_me-∑m-cmbn eoem-hn-em-k-ßƒ ImWn-°-W-sa-

∂-t]-£n-®p. AXp-{]-Imcw cma-IrjvW≥am¿ kΩ-

Xn®v hcw \¬In A¥¿≤m\w sNbvXp.

Ipw`-amkw h∂-t∏mƒ iw_-c-h-\-Øn¬

D’-h-am-tLm-jn-°m≥ Bcw-̀ ns°, {io \mc-Z-ap\n

{ioIrjvW-s‚bpw _e-cm-a-s‚bpw c≠v _en-_nw-

_-ßƒ `m¿§-h-cm-a\v \¬In. Cu _en-_nw-_-

ßƒ c≠v {_m“-W-∑m¿ inc- n¬ hln®v \rØw

sNøs´ F∂pw, kzman-bm-scbpw hnjvWp-hn-

s\bpw Hcpt]mse ]qPn-°pI F∂pw ]d-™p.

Cu c≠p _en-_nw-_-ß-sfbpw aqe-_nw-_-Øn¬

tN¿Øp-h®p ]qPn-®p. hnjvWp`‡-\mb {_m“-

Ws\ hcpØn D’-h-]q-PmZn I¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-

hm\pw AXp-t]mse \μ-\m-e-b-Øn¬ hkn-°p∂

ZznP-t{i-jvTs\ _e-cm-a -hn -{Klw inc- n¬

hln®p D’-hmZn I¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-hm\pw `m¿§-

h-cm -a≥ \ntbm-Kn -®p. c≠v \¿Ø-I-tcbpw

hkp-tZ-h-cmbpw \μ-tKm-]-cmbpw IcpXn BZ-cn-

°-W-sa∂pw `m¿§-h-cm-a≥ I¬∏n-®p.

D’h®S-ßp-Iƒ

Ipw`w 1˛mw XobXn apX¬ ]S-lmZn D’-

hhpw, Ipw`w 22-˛mw XobXn apX¬ km[m-cW

t£{X-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-t]mse [zPmZn D’-hhpw, ao\-

kw-{Iaw apX¬ ]menI sXfn®p AwKp-cmZn D’-

hhpw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. Ipw`w 1˛mw XobXn apX¬

]m°-Øn-√sØ {_m“-W-t{i-jvT≥ Xr®w-_cw

t£{X-Ønepw, Ipw`w 10-˛mw XobXn apX¬ _e-

cm-a-_nw-_-sa-gp-∂-≈n-°p∂ {_m“Wt{ijvT≥

agqcv t£{X-Ønepw Ah-cpsS ]q¿Δn-I-cpsS D]-

tZ-i-a-\p-k-cn®v {hX-\n-jvT-tbmsS as‰-hn-sSbpw

t]mImsX `K-hms\ tkhn®v `Pn-®p-an-cn-°p-∂p.

Ipw`w 1˛mw XobXn sshIp-t∂cw {ioIrjvW`K-

hms‚ _en-_nw_w Fgp-∂-≈n®v `K-h-Xn-bpsS

]≈n-b-d-bn¬ h®v {ioIr-jvW\pw ̀ K-h-Xn°pw ae-

cv, ]gw, i¿°c XpS-ßn-bh \nthZyw sNøp-∂p.

cm{Xn ChnsS sh®v Ccp-h¿°pw i¿°-c-]m-bkw

\nth-Zn-°p-∂p. Ipw`w 1 apX¬ 21 hscbp≈ Cu

\nth-Zy-Øn\v ""]f-fn-bd∏mbk''-sa-∂p-]-d-bp-∂p.

Ipw`w 1 apX¬ 21 hsc sshIp-t∂-chpw cm{Xnbpw

`K-hms‚ _en-_nw_w ]m°w ]pd-sØ-gp-∂-≈n®v

t£{X-Øn¬ 3 {]Zn-£Ww sh°p-∂p. Cu NS-

ßn\v sNdnb D’-h-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Ipw`w 21-˛\v

t£{Xw X{¥n h∂v D’-h-®-S-ßp-Iƒ Bcw-`n-

°p-∂p. 22-˛mw XobXn a≤ym-”-am-Ip-tºm-tg°pw

tNmtbmkn sImSn-acw IgpIn ip≤n-bm-°p-∂p.

tijw Xm{¥nI I¿Ω-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂p.

]m°w \ºq-Xncn aplq¿Ø-Øn¬ sImSn-tb‰v

I¿Ωw \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p. B_m-e-hr≤w P\-ß-fp-

sSbpw ""tKmhn-μw-''hnfn hmZy-ta-f-ßƒ°-∏pdw

- 219 -


BIm-i-tØmfw Db-cp -∂p. AXm Ings°

hcn-∏-S- Hm-Sn-bn-dßn ]mearX≥ A`n-tj-I-Øn-

\p≈ ]mep-ambn FØn-°-gn-™p. H∏w Xmt°m¬

Iq´-hpambn aÆq¿ kap-Zm-bn-bpw. `‡-P-\-ßƒ

B Zriyw ImWp-hm≥ Xn°pw-Xn-c-°p-am-bn-cn-°pw.

sshIp-t∂cw `K-hms‚ _en-_nw_w Fgp-∂-≈n-

°p∂ ]m°w \ºq-Xncn Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬t]mbn {io

cmP-cm-tP-iz-c\v s\ø-arXv h®v sXmgpXv Xr®w-_-

cØv D’hw sImSn-tb-dnb hnhcw Adn-bn-°p-

∂p. XpS¿∂v tNmtbmkn ta¬im-¥n-bn¬ \n∂pw

`K-hms‚ ap{Z-bmbn sh≈n-sI-́ nb Nqc¬hSn G‰p-

hmßn DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏´ t£{Xw Ig-I-°m-cp-ambn

agq¿ [¿Ωn-°p-f-ßc t£{X-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂p.

tNmtbmkn tkm]m-\-Øn¬ Ibdn aWn-b-Sn®v

sXmgpXv ̀ ‡n-]p-c- cw ""Xr®w-_-cØv sImSnbpw

apfbpw \nh¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p, [¿Ωn-°p-f-ß-c-b-∏≥

Fgp-∂-≈p∂p, Fgp-∂-≈p∂p, Fgp-∂-≈p∂p'' C{]-

Imcw 3 {]mhiyw ]d-bp-∂p. cm{Xn \nemhv DZn-

®m¬ _e-`-{Z-cpsS Nm¿Ønb _en-_nw_w

\n›nX {_m“-W-t{i-jvT≥ ]pd-sØ-gp-∂-≈n®v

Np‰-º-e-Øn\v {]Zn-£-W-ambn \rØw sNbvXv 8

In.-ao. AI-se-bp≈ Xr®w-_cw {ioIrjvW

t£{X-Øn-te°v HmSns°m≠p hcp-∂p. km£m¬

A\-¥s‚ Ah-Xm-c-amb {io _e-`-{Zs‚ ""{]Xn-

]Øv'' \S hf™p ]pf™p HmSn-bn-d-ßp∂ ImgvN

{io A\-¥s\ kvac-W-bn¬ Db¿Øp-∂p. Cu

at\m-lc Zriyw Hcn°-se-¶nepw I≠n-´p-≈-h¿

`mKy-hm≥am-cm-Wv.

\S-bn-dßn Np‰-º-e-Øn\v {]Zn-£-W-ambn

h∂v {iotImhn-en-\p-≈n¬ aqe-_nw-_-Øn\v kao-

]-ap≈ {ioIr-jvWs‚ _en-_nw-_-Øn\v ASpØv

_e-cmahn{Klw hbv°p-∂p. ]qPmZnI¿Ω-ßƒ°p-

tijw Ccp _en-_nw-_-ßfpw ]pd-tØ°v Fgp-

∂-≈n®v sImSn-a-c-Øn\v ap∂n¬ t£{X aqe-_nw-

_-Øn-\-`n-ap-J-ambn \n∂v [ym\n®v at{¥m-]m-k\

\SØn c≠p-t]cpw _en-_nw-_-ßƒ inc- n¬

[cn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ Iogvim-¥n-Iƒ Xrss°-IpS

]nSn-°p-∂p. sImSn-a-c-Øn\v Np‰pw c≠p-t]cpw

\rØw sh®-tijw t£{X-Øn\v {]Z-£n-W-ambn

h∂v {]Xn-]Øv \S-bn-te°v {]th-in-°p-∂p.

At∏mƒ sNß-fm-ho-ńse Imc-W-h¿ Xfn-°-e-

hp-ambn `K-hm-t\mSv A\ymbw t_m[n-∏n-°p-∂p.

A\ymbw ]d-bpI

Xr®w-_cw t£{X-Ønse Ig-I-°m-c\pw

ssZh-`-‡-\p-amb sNßf hońse Hcp hmcy¿

tPymXnj kw_-‘-ambn Hcn°¬ \Sp-hn-te°v

t]mhp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IhnSn k©nbpw I£-Øn-

dp°n A[nIw Bƒ k©m-c-an-√mØ {]tZ-i-Øp-

IqSn t]mIp-tºmƒ Npgen Ip°-te-S-Øn¬

\ºym¿ F∂ Ic-{]-amWn hmcy-cpsS ssIhiw

ImWp-∂Xv ]Wk©n-bm-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn®v [\w

ssI°-em-°p-hm≥ B⁄m-]n-®p. Bsf

sIm∂p k©n ssI°-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ

Ihn-Sn -bmWv I≠-Xv. Ipw`w 22-˛mw

XobXn D’hw Fgp-∂-≈n-°m-dm-bn´pw

Ig-I-°m-c≥ hmcysc ImWm-bvI-bm¬

_‘p-°ƒ ]cn-{`m-¥-cm-bn. D’-h-Øn\v

h∂p-tN¿∂ Nne-cn¬ \n∂pw HcmfpsS

Zp¿a-c-W-hm¿Ø ho´p-Im¿ Adn-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. `K-hms\ tkhn®pw `Pn®pw

Pohn-°p∂ Hcp Ig-I-°m-c\v CØ-c-Øn-

ep≈ Zp¿KXn h∂p-s]-´-Xn¬ sNßfm

hońse Imc-W-h¿°v AXn-bmb tJZw

D≠m-bn. At±lw Xfn-°-e-hp-ambn

t\sc \S-bn-te°v sN∂p. At∏m-

tg°pw cma-Ir-jvW-∑m-cpsS hn{K-l-ßƒ

Fgp-∂-≈n®v \S-bn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p.

- 221 -


lrZbws\m¥ Imc-W-h¿ ̀ K-hm-t\mSv

A\ymbw ]d-™p. ASpØ h¿jw

D’hw Bcw-̀ n-°p-tºm-tg°pw \ºym-

cpsS IpSpw-_-Øn-ep-≈-h-sc√mw \mam-

h-ti-j-am-bn-°-gn-™p. sNß-fm-ho-´p-

Im¿ ]ns∂ A\ymbw ]d-bm-sXbpw

Bbn. At∏mƒ hmcyØv Nne Zp¿\n-

an -Ø-ßƒ ImWp -I -bm¬

{]iv\hnNmcw sNbvXv k¶S\nhrØn

]d-™-t∏mƒ Fs∂ ad-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-

sW∂pw taen¬ D’-h-Im-e-ß-fn¬

Fgp-∂-≈n-®m¬ Imc-W-h¿ A\ymbw

]d-b-W-sa∂pw I≠p-h-t{X. C∂pw

CXm-h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

]qt°mØv \S

Iptd h¿j-ßƒ°p-apºv ]qt°mØv \S

Xncp-ap-‰-ambn ]qt°m-Øn√w F∂ t]cn¬ Hcn√-

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]qt°-m-Øn-√sØ Hcp `‡-\mb

\ºq -Xncn (]qt°m-Ø-Sn -Iƒ) \ntXy\

`K-hXvZ¿i-\-Øn\ptijw am{Xta sh≈w

t]mepw Ign-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p-h-s{X. D’-h-

Zn -h -k-ß-fn¬ Xr®w -_cw t£{X-Ønse

\nXykμ¿i-I\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. {]mbm-[nIyw

ImcWw Fgp-t∂‰v \S-°m≥t]mepw høm-Xmb

`‡-in-tcm-aWn ]qt°m-Ø-Sn-Iƒ lrZ-b-th-Z-\-

tbmsS `K-hm-t\mSv {]m¿∞n-®p. "`K-hmt\

ASn-b\v \S-°m≥ htø, Aß-bpsS _me-eo-tem-

’hw ImWm≥ `mKyw XctW!'. ]Xn-hp-t]mse

Ip™-c-bm¬ Xd-bnse \rØw Ign-™m-¬

]¥hpw hmZy-ta-f-ß-fp-sa√mw t£{X-Øn-te-

°vXs∂ aS-ßm-\n-cns°, bmsXmcp ap∂-dn-bn∏p-

an-√msX `K-hm≥ Hscm‰ Hm´-am-bncp∂ph-t{X,

]qt°m-Ø-Sn-I-fpsS ap‰-tØ-°v. tPjvT\pw HmSn.

Ftßm-s -́∂-dn-bmsX ]cn-hm-c-k-aq-lhpw Ctßm v́

h∂p. Im◊m≥ km[n-°mØ `‡s\ Atßm´v

sN∂v A\p-{K-ln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ̀ K-hm≥. C∂pw

CXv XpS¿∂p hcp-∂p. alm-`-‡-\mb ]qt°m-Ø-

Sn-I-fpsS ]mh-\m-flmhv \rØw I≠m-\-μn-°m≥

D’-h-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ ]qt°mØv \S-bn¬ C∂pw

hcp-∂p-s≠-∂mWv P\hnizmkw. ]qt°m-Øv\S

\mj-W¬ sslth-˛17¬s∏´ ÿe-am-Wv. 1952-˛-

hsc D’h ka-b-ß-fn¬ ]qt°mØv \S-bnse

hml\ KXm-KXw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂n-√. cm{Xn Hcpa-

Wnt°m H∂c-a-Wnt°m Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-h-cp∂

D’hw Nne-t∏mƒ {]`m-X-Øn¬ Bdv, Ggv aWn-

hsc \o≠p-\n¬°pw. AXp-hsc KXm-K-Xhpw apS-

ßn-°n-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1952-˛¬ D≠mb Nne

A\njvS kw`-h-ßsf XpS¿∂v Kh¨sa‚ v D’-

h-Im-e-ß-fn¬ hml\KXm-K-X-Øn-\mbn Hcp

ss_∏mkv \n¿Ωn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

]qt°mØv \S-bnse D’hw

]qt°mØv \S-bn¬ \rtØm-’hw Ipw`w

22-˛mw XobXn apX¬ ao\w 2˛mw Xob-Xn- h-sc-

bmWv. Ipw`w 27,28 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ tZthm-’-h-

sa∂pw, ao\w 1,2 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ atlm-’-h-sa∂pw

]d-bp-∂p. DØc tIc-f-Ønse t£{X-ß-fn¬ D’-

h-Øn\v G‰hpw {]mapJyw \rØ-Øn-\m-Wv. Xr®w-

_-cØv \S∂p hcp∂ \rØ-Øns‚ {]kn≤n Nn√-

d-sbm-∂p-a-√. cma-Ir-jvW-∑m-cpsS at\m-l-c-ambn

Nm¿Ønb _en-_nw-_-ßƒ inc- n¬ hln®v

\rØw sNøp-∂-h¿°v ap∂n-embn Ccp-`m-KØpw

tIm¬]-¥-ßfpw hmZy-hn-ti-j-ßfpw D≠m-Ipw.

DØ-c-tI-c-f-Ønse tIƒhn-tI´ hmZy-°m-sc√mw

FØn-t®-cpw. tNmbn-bm-ºn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

[q]°p‰nbpw, sh≈n-∏´v IpS-Ifpw ]nSn-°p-Ibpw,

c≠v tZh-∑m¿°pw Be-h-´hpw sh¨Nm-a-chpw

- 223 -


hoip-Ibpw sNøpw. \rØ-°m¿°-̀ n-ap-J-ambn ̀ ‡-

P-\-ßfpw a‰v AI-º-Sn-°mcpw D≠m-Ipw. G‰hpw

ap∂n-embn a™-h-Sn-°mcpw c£m-A-I-º-Snbpw.

`‡-P-\-ßƒ tKmhn-μm, tKmhnμm F∂p hnfn-®p-

sIm≠v \rØ-Øns‚ KXn -th-Ka\pk-cn®v

apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw.

tKmhn-μ-\mahnfn-Iƒ cwKsØ ̀ ‡n-\n¿`-c-am-°p-

∂p. Imfn-b-a¿±-\sØ A\p-kva-cn-®mWv Cu \rØ-

°fn F∂p ]d™phcp-∂p. \rØw \S-°p-tºmƒ

Imgv®-°m-cpsS lrZ-bhpw \rØw sh°m-Xn-cn-°p-

I-bn-√. amdn-amdn aμ-K-Xn-bnepw, {ZpX-K-Xn-bnepw

Xmf-Øn-s\mØv \¿Ø-I-cpsS ]mZ-ßƒ Nen-°p-

∂p. tZhm-Zn-Ifpw a‰pw At∏mƒ `K-h¬ Z¿i-\-

Øn\v BIm-iØv h∂p-tN-cp-a-t{X.

apºv D’h°meØv ]qt°mØv \S-bn¬

]¥-en-Sm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-h-t{X. Hcp h¿jw D’hw

Ign™v ]¥-e-gn-®-t∏mƒ tZh-∑mcpw Ejn-Ifpw

]pjv]-hrjvSn sNbvX ]pjv]-ßƒ I≠p. AXn¬

]n∂oSv ]¥-en-Sm-dn-s√∂v ]d™p tIƒ°p-∂p.

]qt°mØv \S-bnse D’hw Ign™v

t£{X-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-bm¬ \oscm-gp°pw Xd-

bnse hn{i-a-Øn-\p-tijw t£{X-Xn-cp-ap-‰Øv h®v

BZy-Im-eØv \S-∂n-cp∂ cma-Ir-jvW-∑m-cpsS

_me-eo-em-\r-tØm-’hw Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. X’-

abw t£{X Ig-I-°m-c-\mb Xmt‰ym v́ hmcy¿ ]¥-

hp-ambn kzman-bmsc At±-l-Øns‚ aT-Øn¬

\n∂pw {]tXyI hmZy-hn-ti-j-ß-tfmsS £Wn®p

Iqń-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p. Xncp-ap-‰Øv Np‰pw {]Zn-£-

W-ambn \rØw h®-ti-jw HmSn-s°m≠p sX°p-

]-Sn-™mdp aqe-bn-ep≈ [¿Ω-mkvXm t£{X-

Øns‚ ap∂n¬ \n∂v kzman-bm¿ aq∂p-h´w {]Zn-

£W \rØw hbv°p∂p. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ a≤y-

Øn-ep≈ kzman-bm¿ tZh-∑m¿°-̀ n-ap-J-ambn kzb-

ambpw tZh-∑m¿s°-∂-X-c-Øn¬ aq∂p {]Zn-£Ww

hbv°p-Ibpw, DØ-co-b-Øns‚ tIm¥e hncp-Øn-

°m-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]≠v `K-hms\ DØ-

co-b-Øn¬ ao\-¶S\mb-cpsS hoń¬ \n∂v sIm≠p-

h∂ kvac-Wsb \ne-\n¿Øp-I-bm-bn-cn°mw CXv.

tijw kzman-bm¿ ]nc-hm-c-ß-tfmsS aT-Øn-te°v

Xncn® bm{X-bm-hp-∂p. Nne Ime-ß-fn¬ kzman-

bmcpw ]qs°mØv \S D’-h-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm-dp-

≠-s{X. kzman-bm¿ D’-h-Øn\v h∂v tN¿∂n-s√-

¶nepw D’hw t£{X-Øns‚ sX°v ]Sn-™mdv

aqe-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ kzman-bmsc hμn-°p-∂-Xmbn

ImWmw. ]n∂oSv HmSn-s°m≠v cma-Ir-jvW-∑m¿

hS-°p-]-Sn-™mdv aqe-bn¬ sN∂v Xfn-∏-d-º-Ø-

∏s\ hW-ßn-b-tijw sImSn-a-c-®p-h-ń¬ h∂v

[ym\n®p c≠p-t]cpw inc- n¬ \n∂pw _en-_nw-

_-ßƒ FSpØv {iotIm-hn-en-te°v Fgp-∂-≈n®v

aqe-_nw-_-tØmSv tN¿Øv shbv°p-∂p. Ipw`w 27

apX¬ ao\w 2 hsc \oscm-gp°pw Xd-bnse hn{i-

a-th-f-bn¬ cma-Ir-jvW-∑m¿°v s]m≥tam-Xncw h®v

sXmgm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

\rØ-∏m-bkw

Ipw`kw{I-a-Zn-hkw \rØ-∏m-b-k-sa∂

{]m¿∞\m hgn-]mSv \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. h¿j-Øn¬

Hcp Znhkw am{X-ap≈ Cu \rØ-∏m-bkw G‰hpw

t{ijvT-amb Hcp hgn-]m-Smbn `‡-P-\-ßƒ hniz-

kn-°p-∂p. A∂v ]qt°mØv \S-bn-sebpw Xncp-ap-‰-

sØbpw \rtØm-’hw Ign-™m¬ AIØv Fgp-

∂-≈n®v \a-kv°mc aWvU-]-Øn\v hS°v Ing°v

`mKØv h®n-´p≈ hń-f-∏m-b-k-Øn\v Np‰pw

\rØwsh®v sIm≠v 3 {]Z-£nWw h°p-∂p. tijw

aqe-_nw-_-Øn-\pw, 2 _en-_nw-_-ßƒ°pw tN¿Øp-

sIm≠v ]mbkw \nth-Zn-°p-∂p. ̀ ‡-P-\-ßƒ {]`m-

X-Øn¬ Ipfn®v `K-h¬Z¿i\w sNbvXv ]mbkw

hmßn Ign®v \n¿hrXn AS-bp-∂p.

IqSn-∏n-cn-b¬

ao\w aq∂n\v CS-°n-S∏v F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Hgnhv Znhkw. 4˛mw XobXn \mSv

hew hbv°pI Fs∂mcp NS-ßp-≠v. CXn\v D’-

h-_en F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. cm{Xn-bm-bm¬ cma-Ir-

jvW-∑m-cpsS Nm¿Ønb _en-_nw-_-ßƒ D’-h-

Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-°m-dp-≈-Xp-t]mse ]pdØv

Fgp-∂-≈n®v t£{Xw X{¥nbpw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw

IqSn ̀ qX-K-W-ßƒ°v _en-b¿∏n®v sIm≠v ]qt°m-

Øv\S hgn ]me-Ip-f-ßc {io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£-

{X-Øn¬ FØp-∂p. Ahn-SpsØ hn{i-a-Øn-\p-

tijw Xr®w-_cw t£{X-Øn¬ Xncn-s®-Øp-∂p.

A∂v cm{Xn-bn¬ t£{X \a-kvImc aWvU-]-Øn¬

`K-hm\v ]≈n-°-dp-∏m-Wv. A©mw XobXn kp{]-

- 225 -


`m-X-Øn¬ ]≈n-°p-dp-∏p-W¿Ø¬ I¿Ωw \SØn

XpS¿∂p≈ {Inb-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-bm¬ {iotIm-hn-

en¬ Fgp-∂-≈n®v \nXy-]q-PmZn I¿Ω-ßƒ \S-Øp-

∂p. sshIpt∂cw Ccp _en-_nw-_-ßfpw Nm¿Øn-

√msX Bdm-́ p-Nn-e-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n®v {Inbm-I¿Ω-

ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂p. k‘y-tbmsS hmZy-hn-

ti-j-ßƒ klnXw t£{X-Øn¬ Xncn-s®-gp-∂-

≈n -bm¬ {ioIrjvW_en-_nw_w am{Xw

tZhIohkp-tZ-h-∑m-cpsS km∂n-≤y-ap≈ s]m≥sN-

ºIXd-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n®v hbv°p-∂p.

Bdmw XobXn `‡n-ck{][m-\hpw hnIm-

c-\n¿`-c-hp-amb "IqSn-∏n-cn-b¬' F∂ t]cn-ep≈

\rtØm-’hw \S-°p-∂p. sshIp-t∂cw GI-tZiw

3 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn _en-_nw-_-ßƒ Nm¿tØm-Sp-

IqSn ]pd-sØ-gp-∂-≈n®v X{¥n Np‰º-e-Øn¬

{io`q-X-_en \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw ]¥-

°mcpw hmZy-°m-cp-sa√mw Xømdm-bn-cn-°pw. \rØw

Bcw-̀ n-°p-tºm-tg°pw tamXncw h®v sXmgm-\p≈

Xnc-°m-bn. k¿Δm-`o-jvS-ßƒ°pw-th≠n `‡-P-

\-ßƒ cma-Ir-jvW-∑m¿°v tamXncw h®v sXmgp-

∂p. aμ-K-Xn-bn¬ am{Xta \rØw h®v apt∂m´v

\oßm≥ Cu Ah-kcw km[n-°p-I-bp-f-fq. {Ia-

Øn¬ \oscm-gp°pwXd-hsc h∂v sXs° A‰-

Øp≈ tZhIohkp-tZ-h-∑m-cpsS km∂n-[y-ap≈

s]m≥sN-ºIXd-hsc Xncp-ap-‰-Øn¬ \rØw

hbv°p-∂p. \n›nX {]Z-£nWw ]q¿Øn-bmbn

hmZy-hn-ti-j-ß-tfmSpw a‰v AI-º-Sn-tbmSpw IqSn

At∂-Zn-hkw am{Xw ]m¬ Fgp-∂-≈n®v hbv°p∂

Ac-bm¬ Xd-bpsS kao]w hsc HmSn-sb-Øp-∂p.

AhnsS \n∂v c≠v t]cpw H∂n®v \rØw shbv°p-

∂p. CSbv°v tPyjvT≥ Adn-bmsX A\p-P≥ ]n¥n-

cn-t™m-Sp-∂p. tPyjvT≥ \rØw sNøp-∂-Xn-\n-S-

bn¬ A\p-Ps\ ImWmsX Xncn™v t\m°p-∂p.

A\p-P≥ AXm ]n∂n¬ Xs∂bpw t\m°n

\n¬°p-∂p. tPyjvT≥ HmSn A\p-Ps‚ ASp-

sØØn c≠p-t]cpw H∏w ho≠pw \rØw

sNbvXp apt∂m´v \oßp-∂p. CXv ]e- X-hW

Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS kvt\l-{]-I-

S\w `‡-P-\-ßsf tImƒa-bn¿sIm≈n-°p-∂p.

k‘y-bm-Im-dm-Ip-tºmƒ ]mearX≥ ]m¬°pSw

inc- n¬ hln®v Iøn¬ Hme-°p-Sbpw BNm-c-h-

Sn-bp-ambn tKmhnμP]-tØmsS Bth-i-Øn¬

t£{X-Øn-te°v hcp-tºmƒ ]m{X-Øn-ep≈ ]m¬

]X-®p-a-dn-bp-∂Xv ImWmw. At∏mƒ F√mw ad∂v

]m¬ shÆ-tN¿∂p≈ t`mP-

\-tam-tcm-∂n¬ sImXn-b-\mb

s]m∂pÆn IÆ≥ Xs‚

{ioeI-tØ°v HmSn ad-bp-∂p.

hnjm-Z-I-ep-jn-X-\mbn hnc-l-

th-Z-\-tbmsS _e-`-{Z-kzman

kzÿm-\-amb agqcn-te°v

aSßp-∂p. B\-μ-tem-e-\mbn

sIm´pw Ipc-hbpw BI-º-Sn-

bp-ambn A\p-Ps\ ImWm≥

h∂ tPyjvT≥ Ipd®p ]¥-

°mcpw a‰v Ig-I-°mcpw tNmbn-

bm-ºnbpw a‰p-ambn {XnIm-e-

\m -Y -s\ -¶nepw am\p -

jnI`mhw ssIs°m≠p

Xr®w-_-c-tØmSp bm{X-]-

d™v t]mIp-∂p. IÆn-eo-d-\p-

ambn, KZ vK -Z -I -WvT -\mbn

hnizm -kn -Iƒ tKmhnμ

- 227 -


tKmhnμ F∂v \oń-hn-fn-°p-∂p. k¿Δcpw tcmam-

©-]p-f-In-X-cm-Ip∂ Hcp cwKw. ]Xn-\mev Znh-

ksØ D¬k-h-Øn\v Aßs\ Xnc-»oe hogp-I-

bm-Wv.

Xr®w-_-cØv sh®v cma-Ir-jvW-eo-e-Iƒ Hcp

Xh-W-sb-¶nepw ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂-h¿°v

]p\¿P-∑-an-s√∂pw ]c-]p-cp-jm¿∞w km[n-°p-

sa∂pw `‡-P-\-ßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

D’h {]ikvXn

Hcn°¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv Xr®w-

_cw atlm-’hw ImWm-\n-S-bmbn. D’-h-Øns‚

NS-ßp-Ifpw Bƒ°q-´hpw alm-cm-Pm-hns\

h√msX BI¿jn-®p. \mń¬ Xncn-s®-Ønb alm-

cm-Pmhv GXm-Zr-i-amb Hcp’hw kztZ-iØv

kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®v I¬∏\ sImSp-

Øp. D’hw \S-∂p-sh-¶nepw ImWn-Iƒ Ipdhv.

cmPm-hn\v Xr]vXn-bm-bn-√. D’-h-Øn\v kZybpw

k¿Δm-Wnbpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. F∂n´pw XssY-h.

_p≤n-cm-£-k-\mb Xs‚ D]-tZin cma-øsc

CXns‚ clkyw Adn-™p-h-cm≥ Xr®w-_-c-tØ-

°-b-®p-h-s{X. cma-ø≥ Chn-sS-h∂v D’hw ho£n-

®p. ̀ K-hms\ sXmgp-Xp-Imcyw a\- n-em°n aS-ßn.

alm-cm-Pm-hns\ apJw ImWn-®p ImcWw hnh-cn-

®p-sIm-Sp-Øp-h-t{X. ̀ K-hm≥ {ioIr-jvWs‚ _en-

_nw-_-Øn-ep≈ thWp-tKm-]m-e-hn-{K-l-Øn¬

\n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ apc-fo-\mZw `‡-P-\-ßsf

BI¿jn-°p-∂p. Xr®w-_-c-Ø-∏s‚ amlmflyw

Ah¿Æ-\o-b-am-sW∂p t_m[y-s∏´ alm-cm-Pmhv

B DZy-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-™p. C∂pw

D’hw ImWm≥ hcp-∂-h¿°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp∂

Hcp Imcy-amWv D’hw XpS-ßm≥ t\c-am-Ip-tºm-

tg°pw P\-ßƒ FhnsS \n∂-dn-bm-Ø-hÆw h∂p

tNcp -∂Xpw D’hw Ah-km-\n -°p -tºmƒ

]ncn™p t]mIp-∂-Xpw.

B\-hn-tcm[w:

Xr®w-_-c-Ø-∏s‚ B\hntcm[w hfsc

{]kn-≤-amWv. Iwk-h-[-Øn\v tij-ap≈ ̀ mh-Øn-

em-Wt√m Xr®w-_-c-Ø-∏s‚ {]Xn-jvT. Xs∂ hI-

h-cp-Øm≥ h∂ Iph-e-bm-]o-U-Øns‚ hwi-P-

tcmSpw Ahn-Sp-tØ°v AS-ßmØ ]I-bm-Wv.

C∂pw ]qt°mØv \S-bn¬ IqSn-tbm, Xr®w-_cw

t£{X-]-cn-k-c-Øp-Iq-Sntbm B\sb sIm≠p-t]m-

Im≥ ss[cy-s∏-Sm-dn-√. CXn\v hncp-≤-ambn {]hr-

Øn-®-t∏m-sg√mw A\n-jvS-kw-`-h-ßƒ D≠m-bn-´p-

≠v. inh-cm-{Xn-°pw, hnjp-hn\pw Xr®w-_-c-Ø-∏s\

Xfn-∏-d-º-Ø-∏s‚ khn-[-Øn-te°v Fgp-∂-≈n-

°pI ]Xn-hp-≠v. Xfn-∏-d-ºn-em-sW-¶n¬ inh-cm{Xn

D’-h-Øn\v B\ IqSn-tb-Xo-cq. A\-∏p-d-ØmWv

s]cpw-Xr-t°m-hne∏s\ Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ Xr®w-_-c-Øp-\n-∂v Fgp-∂-≈n∏v hcp-

tºmƒ hgn-bn-tem, Xfn-∏-dºv t£{X-]-cn-k-ctØm

Fßpw- Xs∂ B\sb ImWp-I-bn-√.

H∂v c≠v t«mI-ßƒIqSn D≤-cn®v Cu

teJ\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw.

Xrs®-Ω-cØp s]cp-amƒ°v sNdp-∏-sa-∂˛

ßpss®¿ hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂nXp temI-sc-√mw,

hnizw Nabv°pap-S-t\-bXp ImØgn°pw

hnssizI\mY\p Ifn-∏p-c-sb-∂t]mse

CXns‚ I¿Øm-hm-sc∂p \n›-b-an-√. ]pcm-

W-{]-Imcw Iwk-h-[w, {ioIr-jvWs‚ ]{¥≠mw

hb- n¬ inh-cm-{Xn- Zn-\-am-Wv. At∏mƒ Xr®w-

_-c-Ø-∏\v sNdp∏w Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. temI-

am-Ip∂ Ifn-hoSv D≠m-°pIbpw C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw

Agn®p]Wn-bp-I-bp-sa√mw sNøp-∂Xv `K-hm\v

sIm®p-Ip-ń-Iƒ aÆp-sIm≠v Ifn-hoSv D≠m-°p-

∂Xv t]mse-bm-Wv.

{io iw_-tc-imb \a:

sI. sF. \mcm-b-W≥ amÃ¿ : dn´. A[ym-]-I≥. Xr®w-_wcw t£{XØnse ap≥ `m-c-hm-ln.

- 229 -


t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fnse

BNm-c-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw

A\n-b≥

""D’hw'' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v \nJWvUp

\¬Ip∂ A¿∞w BtLm-jw, BÀm-Zm-h-k-cw,

BÀmZw Xcp∂ hkvXp Fs∂m-s°-bm-Wv.

F∂m¬ t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬

D’hw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v Iev]n-°p∂ A¿∞w

t£{X-ß-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ BtLm-j-ßƒ, D¿[z-

`m-K-tØ-°p≈ Hgp°v F∂m-Wv. ]qPm-cn-bp-sS-tbm,

t£{X Bcm-[-I-cp-sStbm A{i-≤-sIm≠v t£{X-

Ønse ssNX-\y-Øn\v D≠m-Im-hp∂ ]mI-∏n-g-I-

fpsS ]cn-lm-cm¿∞-amWv D’-h-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-

Xv. aX-Ønse Hmtcm hn`m-K-Øn-s‚-bpw, tZi-Øn-

s‚bpw k¶-ev]-a-\p-k-cn®v BtLm-j-ßƒ°pw

hyXym-k-ap-≠v. ssNX-\y-tNm¿® h∂n-cn-°m-\n-S-

bp≈ t£{X-am-Ip∂ ]m{X-Øn¬ ssNX-\y-Pew

Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ hn[w Xm{¥n-I-hn[n A\p-k-

cn®v \nd-°p-I-bmWv D’-hm-h-k-c-Øn¬ sNøp-∂-

Xv. {Kma-Øn\v apgp-

h≥ t{ib- v°-c -

amWv D’-hw. {Kmao-

W¿ apgp-h\pw HcpX-

c-Øn¬ As√-¶n¬

as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn¬ D’-

h-Øn¬ `mK-`m-°p-I-

fm-Ip-∂p. {Kma-Øns‚

k¿Δ-tXm≥ap-J-amb

A`n -hr≤n tZh-

s‚bpw ]cn-hm-c-ß-fp-

sSbpw A\p-{K-lm-»n-

p-I-tfmsS sIm√w-

tXmdpw D’hw A\p-

jvTn -®m¬ D≠m-Ip-

∂p. F√m tZh-

∑m¿°pw Znhk hyh-

ÿ-tbmsS F√m

h¿jhpw k¿Δ-k-ºXvkar-≤nsb Dt±-in®v

D’hw \S-Ø-Ww.

D’-h-Øns‚ BKaw

{io]m¿ΔXn]c-ta-izc ]p{X-\mb Ipam-c-

kzman Xmc-Im-kp-cs\ h[n®v tZh-∑m¿°v kz¿§m-

[n-]-XysØ Xncn-t®¬∏n-®p. B\-μ-`-cn-X-cmb

C{μmZn tZh-∑m¿ Ipam-c-kzm-an-bpsS kao-]-Øp-

sN∂v ""At±-lsØ Ae-¶-cn® tZh-c-Y-Øn-te‰n

AXnYn k¬°m-cmZn D]-Nm-c-ßsf sNbvXv

]qPn®v tZh-]p-c-Ønse F√m hoYn-I-fnepw Fgp-

∂-≈n®v D’-hm-tLm-j-]p-c- cw Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥''

D≈ A\p-{Klw tNmZn-®p. k¥p-jvS-\mb Ipam-c-

kzman Cu k¬°m-c -ßƒ°pw BtLm-j-

ßƒ°pw F√m tZh-∑mcpw `mK-`m-°p-I-fm-IWw

F∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-I-bpw, D’-hm-tLm-j-Øn¬


- 230 -

A\p-k-cn-t°≠ hn[n-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-

sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cßns\ kzman -bpsS A`n-a -Xw-

t]mse D’hmtLmj-ßƒ \S-

Ønb tZh-̀ qX]nim-Nm-Zn-Iƒ kzman-

bpsS A\p-{K-l-Øn\v ]m{Xo-`q-X-cm-

bn. A\-¥cw Ipam-c-kzman tZh-∑m-

tcmSv X\n°v am{X-ambn D’-hm-

tLm-j-ßƒ sNbvXv a‰p-≈-hsc ad-

°p-∂Xv tZmj-amWv F∂pw, Xß-

fpsS \ne-bv°-\p-kr-X-ambn ̀ ‡-∑m-

sc-√m-hcpw F√m tZhm-e-b-ß-fnepw

D’-hm-tLm-j-ßƒ BN-cn-°-W-

sa∂pw \n¿t±-in-®p. CXn-\p-th≠

tZhm -K -aw, hn[n -\n¿Æ-bw,

tPymXnimkv{Xw F∂nh kp{_-“-

Wy-kzman Xs∂ \n¿t±in°pIbpw

sNbvXp.

aq∂v hn[-Øn-ep≈ D’-h-ßƒ:

A¶p-cm-Zn, [zPm-Zn, ]S-lm-Zn

F∂n-ßs\ aq∂v hn[-Øn-ep≈

D’-h-ßƒ D≠v. A¶p-cm-Zn-bmb

D’hw DØ-a-hpw, [zPmZn D’hw

am≤y-a-hpw, ]S-lmZn D’hw A[-a-

hp-amWv F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. A¶p-cm-tcm-]-W-

tØm-Sp-IqSn (ap-f-bn-S¬) XpS-ßp∂ D’hw ""A¶p-

cmZn'' D’hw F∂pw, apf-bn-SmsX sImSn-I-b-‰pI

am{X-ambn XpS-ßp∂ D’hw ""[zPmZn'' F∂pw,

apf-bn-S-epw, sImSn-I-b-‰epw C√msX sIm´n-∏p-d-

s∏-Sp∂ D’hw ""]S-lmZn'' F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂p. ]S-lm-Zn°pw Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn Nne t£{X-

ß-fn¬ sImSn-acw \m´pI ]Xn-hp-≠v. ]S-lmZn

D’-h-Øn\v Ft´m H≥]tXm Znhkw ]pd-tØ°v

Fgp-∂-≈n∏v D≠mIpw; BtLm-j-ßfpw D≠m-Ipw.

Hcp \nebv°v Btem-Nn-®m¬ tZho-tZ-h-∑m¿ ̀ ‡-

P-\-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-s®-√p∂ D’h k{º-Zm-b-

am-Wv ]S-lm-Zn. h¿j-Øn¬ H∂n¬°q-Sp-X¬ D’-

h-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ t£{X-ß-fmWv Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-

bnse {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-t£-{X-hpw, Xncp-h-\-¥-

]p-csØ {io ]fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-hpw.

apf-bn-S¬

A¶p-cmZn D’h-Øn\v AXns‚ ]oTnI (B-

ap-Jw) Bb ""ip≤n'', Hcp Znhkw sshIp-t∂-csØ

{]kmZip≤nbpw ]nt‰∂v ImesØ _nw_-ip-

≤nbpw IqSn-t®¿∂-Xm-Wv. {]tXyI `mj-bn-ep-≈,

tZh-ssN-X\yw Bhm-ln®v ]qPn-®, apf-ºm-en-I-I-

fmWv apf-bn-S-en\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. CØcw

apfw]men-I-Isf icmhw (N-cm-Xv), hSn-I, ]men

F∂o \ma-t[-b-ß-fnepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. hnhn[

[m\y-ßƒ ]men¬ IpXn¿Øv, Huj-[o-i-\mb

N{μs\ Bhm-ln®v ]qPn®v aÆpw, aW-epw, NmW-

I-s∏m-Snbpw \nd® apfw]men-I-I-fn¬ hnX®v

kq£n-°pw. apf-bn-S-en\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ [m\y-

ßƒ \h-[m-\y-ßƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂p. (bhw , sNs∂-√v, F≈v, sNdp-]-b¿, tKmX-

ºv, shfpØ ISp-Iv, apXn-c, Dgp-∂v, Aac F∂n-h-

bmWv \h-[m-\y-ßƒ). [m\y-ß-fpsS FÆ-hpw,

- 231 -


[m\y-ßfpw aq¿Øn-t`Zw A\p-k-

cn®v hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]≈n-

th´ Znhkw hsc F∂pw {Xnk-

‘y-t\-c-ß-fn¬ a™ƒs∏mSn

tN¿Ø Pew sIm≠v Chsb

\\-°pw. Cu apfw]men-I-Iƒ

Bdm-ńs‚ Xte-Zn-hkw {]Xn-

jvTm-aq¿Øn-bpsS ]≈n-°p-dp-∏n-

s\m-cp-°p∂ iø-bpsS \mep-h-

ihpw [m\y-k-ar-≤n-bpsS kqN-\-

bmbn Ae-¶-cn®v hbv°m-dp-≠v.

sImSnI-b‰w

t£{X-ß-fn¬ ""sImSn -

tb‰''tØmsS D’-h-ßƒ Bcw-

`n-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv t£t{Xm-’-

h-ß-fpsS {]mcw` NS-ßmWv

sImSn-I-b-‰w. sImSn-a-c-Øns‚

apI-fn¬ sImSn-I-b‰n Xq°p-I-

bmWv sImSn-tb-‰-Ønse {][m\ I¿Ωw. sImSn-

a-c-Øn-t∑¬ Ben-ebpw amhn-ebpw Z¿`bpw Iqń-

s°ń Ae-¶-cn-®n-cn-°-Ww. ÿncw sImSn-acw

C√mØ t£{X-ß-fn¬ CXn-\p-th≠n {]tXyI

acw apdn®v BtLm-j-tØmsS sIm≠p-h∂v

t£{X-Øn\p apºn¬ X°-ÿ-eØv (h-enb _en-

°-√ns‚ ]pdØv 3 tIm¬ am‰n [zP ÿm\w hcp-

am-dv) ÿm]n-°p-∂p. ÿncw sImSn-acw Ds≠-¶n¬

]pWym-lm-Zn-I-fpw, Bhm-l-\-hpw, ]qP-Ifpw a‰pw

Ign™v sImSn-°q-dsb Ib-dn¬s°ń Itc‰n sI´p-

∂p. Nne -t£-{X-ß-fn¬ sImSn-tb‰v Znhkw a‰p

]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ H∂pw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. D’hw XpS-

ßp-∂Xv ]nt‰-Zn-hkw apX-em-bn-cn-°pw.

ioth-enbpw {io`q-X-_-enbpw

sslμh t£{X-ß-fnse Bcm-[-\m-]-c-amb

NS-ßp-I-fn¬ H∂mWv ioth-en. alm-t£-{X-ß-fn¬

F√mw 5 ]qP-Ifpw 3 ioth-en-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

F√m ]qP°pw ""Xqhm≥ AS-bv°¬'' D≠-t√m.

Xncp-ap-‰Øv A·n-tIm-Wn-ep≈ _en-°-√n¬ im¥n-

°m-c≥ Hmtcm ]qPbv°pw _en-Xq-Ipw. ioth-en-

bv°m-Is´ _en-Xq-I¬ Iptd-°qSn hnkvX-cn-®m-bn-cn-°pw. t£{X-Øn-\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ F√m ]m¿-

j-Z-∑m-cpsS _en-°-√p-I-fnepw shtΔsd _en-Xq-Ipw. ""{io`q-X-_en''°mIs´ hym]vXn H∂pIqSnh¿≤n-°pw. Hmtcm ]m¿j-Z-s‚bpw _en-°-√n¬AXmXv ]m¿j-Zs‚ a{¥w-sIm≠v _en-Xq-Ip-∂-

Xn\p ]pd-sa, B ]m¿j-Zs‚ ]m¿j-Z-∑m¿°v IqSn

_en Xqh-ep-≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w ]pdsØ {]Z-£n-

W-Øns‚ kwJybpw h¿≤n-°pw. ioth-en-bpsS ̀ mK-

ambn t£{X-Ønse tZhs‚ As√-¶n¬ tZhn-bpsS

XnSºv awKf hmZy-ß-tfm-sSbpw A\p-jvTm-\-]-c-amb

NS-ßp-I-tfm-sSbpw t£{X-Øn\p Np‰pw {]Z-£n-W-

ambn Fgp-∂-≈n-°m-dp-≠v. ""ImgvN-io-then'' F∂mWv

CXns\ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

D’-h-_en

{io`q-X-_-en-bpsS Hcp henb ]Xn-∏mWv

D’-h-_-en. Cu al-Ømb _en D’-h-Øn-\n-S-

bn¬ Hcp Znh-k-sa-¶nepw A\p-jvTn-bvt°-≠-Xm-

Wv. D’-h-_en C√m-tXbpw D’-h-ßƒ \S-Øn-

h-cm-dp-≠v. F√m Znh-k-ß-fnepw D’-h-_en \S-

Øp∂ t£{X-ßfpw D≠v. tZh-s‚ ]cn-hm-c-ßsf

hnti-j-a-{¥-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn Pe-̨ -K-‘-̨ -]p-jv]-̨ -[q-]-˛-Zo-]-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn ]qPn®v {]tXy-I-ambn ]qPn®lhn- p-sIm≠v _en-Xq-Ip∂ k{º-Zm-b-amWv D’-h-_en F∂v ]d-bmw.


- 232 -

A\n-b≥ :˛ dn´-tb¿Uv _m¶v Dt±ym-K-ÿ≥. Xma-c-wIp-f-ßc Aø-∏-tk-hm-

k-an-Xn-bpsS kPo-h-{]-h¿Ø-I≥.

D’-h-_-en°v 36 ]d Acn-bpsS ss\thZyw

thWsa-∂mWv hbv]v.

]≈n-th´

P\-ß-fpsS sskzcy -Po -hnXw Dd -∏m -

°m≥th≠n t£{X-Ønse {]Xn-jvTm-aq¿Ønsb

km£n-bm°n, P\-t\-Xm-°ƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-®n-cp∂

hm¿jnI ""arK-bm-hn-t\mZ''ambn-cp∂p ]≈n-

th-́ . B NSßv Ct∏mgpw Bdm-́ ns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw

cm{Xn XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂p. ]≈n-th-´-bpsS Bap-J-

ambn {io`q-X-_-en-bp-≠v. tKm]p-c-Øn\v ]pdØv

IS-∂m¬ hmZy-tLm-j-ß-fn-√m-sX-bmWv bm{X.

\n›n-X-ÿ-eØv hbvt°mepw a‰pw-sIm≠v Iem-

]-c-ambn sIń-bp-≠m-°nb Hcp ]∂nsb Xøm-

dm°n h®n-cn-°pw. Hcm¬Ø-d-bn-emWv an°-hmdpw

CXv ]Xn-hv. B¬Ø-d-bpsS 8 Zn°nepw X{¥n

_en-Xq-In-°-gn-™m¬, hn√pw Aºpw FSp-Øn-

´p≈ Hcp Ah-Im-i-°m-c≥ X{¥n-bpsS A\p-hmZw

taSn-®-tijw ]∂n-bpsS t\sc Asº-bp-∂p.

]∂nsb sIm∂p F∂v k¶-ev]n®v PUhpw Npa-

∂p-sIm≠v t£{X-Øn-te-bv°p≈ Xncns®gp-∂-

≈n∏v Hcp tLmj-bm-{X-bm-bn-´m-bn-cn-°pw. Cu

tLmj-bm-{X-bn¬ sIń-bp-≠m-°nb a‰v ]e arK-

ß-fpsS cq]-ßfpw I≠p-h-cm-dp-≠v.

]≈n-°p-dp∏pw ]≈n-bp-W¿Øepw

]≈n-th-´-I-gn™v ]co-£oW-\mbn hcp∂

tZhs\ Ae-¶-cn®v ]qPn® iø-bn¬ Xm{¥n-I-{In-

b-I-tfmsS InSØn Dd-°p∂ NS-ßmWv ]≈n-°p-

dp-∏v. ]≈n-°p-dp∏v Znhkw t£{Xm-¶-W-Øn¬ Dd-

°-sam-gn-®n-cp∂v au\-ambn \ma-P-]-ß-tfmsS tZh-

tkh sNøp-∂Xv AXyp¬Ir-jvS-am-Wv.

tZhs\ \n{Z-bn¬ \n∂p-W¿Øn ]ip-°p-ń-

tbbpw AjvS-aw-K-ey-ß-tfbpw IWn-Im-Wn-®-

tijw A`n-tj-I-ßƒ XpS-ßnb {]`m-X-I¿Ω-

ßƒ Ign®v, _nw_w k¿Δm-e-¶mc`qjn-X-am-°n,

]pcmWw hmbn®v tIƒ∏n®v XncnsI {iotImhn-

en-te-bv°p-Xs∂ Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂p. D’-h-Im-

esØ G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS-amb k∑p-lq¿Ø-am-b-

Xn-\m¬ Cu ka-bsØ tZh-Z¿i\w hnin-jvS-sa∂v

hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Bdm v́

t£t{Xm-’-h-Øns‚ Ah-km\Znhkw

D’-h-_nw-_sØ (Xn-S-ºn-s\) GsX-¶nepw Pem-

i-b-Øn¬ \ocm-Sn-°p∂ NS-ßmWv Bdm-́ v. kzkvXn

kq‡-hpw, awK-e-kq-‡hpw P]n-®p-sIm≠v D’-

h-_nw_w Bdmń\mbn ]pd-tØ°v Fgp-∂-≈n-

°p-I-bpw, kwhmZkq‡hpw sFI-a-Xy-kq-‡hpw

P]n-®p-sIm≠v B _nw_-hp-ambn X{¥n Pe-Øn¬

apßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Bdm´v Ign™v D’-h-

_nw_w {iotIm-hn-en¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-°-gn-™m¬

t£{X-Øn¬ sImSn-bn-d-°p-Ibpw D’hw kam-

]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Nne t£{X-ß-fn¬ sImSn-

bn-d°v Ign-™mWv Bdm´v \S-Øp-∂-Xv. D’-h-

Øn-\mbn ]pd-sØ-Sp-°p∂ D’-h-_nw-_sØ

D’-hm-¥y-Øn¬ ip≤o-I-cn®v ]p\: {]Xn-jvTn-

°p∂p F∂v k¶-ev]w.

BNm-cy-X-]-km-av\mb Pt]-\-\n-b-ta\ N:

D’th\m-∂-Zm-t\\ t£{X-hr≤nkvXp ]©[m

""BNm-cys‚ {i≤-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ at{¥m-®m-cWw

P]w, Bfl-ip-≤n, D’-hw, A∂-Zm\w

Cßns\ 5 Imcy-ßƒs°m≠v t£{X-Øn\v

A`n-hr-≤n D≠m-Ip-∂p.'' Ch-bn¬ ]ca

{][m-\-am-bXv D’hw Xs∂.

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

Ah-ew_w : 1. Ipgn-°m´v ]® (X-{¥-{K-Ÿw)

2. lnμp F≥-ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb

3. sslμh hn⁄m-\-tImiw

4. ]pcm-WnIv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb

- 241 -


Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tat\m≥

DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse hyXy-kvX-ß-fmbD’-h-°m-gvN-Iƒ

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿, sIm®n, Z£nWae-_m¿

`mK-ß-fnse t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v XnI®pw

hyXy-kvX-amb H∂mWv DØ-c-a -e-_m-dnse

t£t{Xm-’-h-ßƒ, DØ-c-a-e-_m¿ F∂-Xp-

sIm≠v IÆq-cn\p hS°v hf-]-´Ww ]pg°pw

I¿Æm-SI AXn¿Øn-bnse t\{Xm-h-Xn-]p-g°pw

CS-°p≈ `qhn-`m-K-sØ-bmWv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

sXø-t°m-e-ßfpw sshhn-[y-am¿∂ BNm-c-ßfpw

A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse t£t{Xm-

’-h-ßsf `‡n-bpsSbpw hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw

kwK-a-̀ q-an-bm-°p-∂p. ImgvN-I-tf-°mƒ A\p-jvTm-

\-ßƒ°m-Wn-hnsS {]m[m-\yw.

]ø-∂q¿ Bcm-[\

DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse D’-h-ß-fpsS XpS°w

Ipdn-°p-∂Xv ]ø-∂q¿ kp{_-“-Wy-t£-{X-Ønse

Bcm-[\ F∂ D’-h-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. ]øs‚

DucmWv ]ø-∂q-cm-b-Xv. tIme-Øv\m-ń¬ s]cp-

am-°-∑m-cmbn Bcm-[n-°-s∏´ A©p t£{X-tZ-h-

∑m-cn¬ Hcp tZh-\mWv ]ø∂q¿ s]cp-amƒ. Xr®w-

_-cØv _me-Ir-jvW-s∏-cp-amƒ, s]cp-©-√q¿ (X-

fn-∏-d-ºv) \oe-I-WvT-s∏-cp-amƒ, Xncp-h-ßmSv (X-e-

t»-cn) {iocm-a-N-{μ-s∏-cp-amƒ, sImń-bq¿ {io]-c-

ta-iz-c-s∏-cp-amƒ F∂n-h-cmWv a‰p \mep tZh-∑m¿.

tIc-f-Ønse 64 {Kma-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ H∂mbn-

cp∂p ]ø-∂q¿. 12 ASn-tbmfw s]m°-ap≈

aXn¬s°ń\-IØv 3 1/2 G°¿ hnkr-Xn-bn-emWv

t£{Xw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. KP-]r-jvS-am-Xr-I-bn-

ep≈ ]n≥`m-Khpw c≠p-\n-e-bp≈ sNºp-s]m-

Xn™ {iotIm-hnepw BdSn s]m°-ap≈ kp{_-

“-Wys‚ hn{K-lhpw ]ø-∂q¿ t£{XsØ hyXy-

kvX-am-°p-∂p. \n∂p-sIm-≠mWv ChnsS ]qP. ]c-

ip-cm-a {]-Xn-jvT-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬ £{Xn-b¿°pw,

k\ym-kn-am¿°pw, a{¥-hm-Zn-I-fmb Imf-Im-́ v, Im´p-

am-Sw, I√q¿ XpS-ßnb C√-ß-fn-ep≈h¿°pw

ChnsS {]th-i-\-an-√.

hr›nI kw{Iaw apX¬ hr›nIw 14 hsc

]Xn-\©p Znh-ksØ Bcm-[-\-bmWv Chn-SpsØ

D’-hw. sImSn-a-ctam sImSn-tb-t‰m, Bdmt´m Chn-

sS-bn-√. XnS-sº-gp-∂-≈n-∏mWv Chn-SpsØ Bcm-

[-\-bpsS apJym-I¿j-Ww. at\m-l-c-ambn Ae-¶-

cn® XnSºv im¥n-°m-cs‚ Xe-bn-emWv Fgp-∂-

≈n-°p-∂-Xv. ]©-hm-Zy-Øn\pw taf-Øn\pw {]i-

kvX-cmb \nc-h[n Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]ø-∂q-cnepw ]cn-

k-cØpw D≠v. D’-h-Øn\p F√m Znh-khpw

tIfn ]©-hm-Zyw, tafw, \mZ-kzcw Ch D≠m-Ipw.

IY-Ifn, \rØw XpS-ßnb Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw D’-

h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]Xn-hp-≠v. Hcp h¿jw

samØw 22 Bcm-[-\bpw 22 {io`q-X-_-enbpw thW-

sa-∂mWv \n›bw. hr›n-I-kw-{I-a-Øn\v c≠p

Bcm-[-\bpw, c≠p {io`q-X-_-enbpw hr›nIw 1

apX¬ 14 hsc 14 Bcm-[-\bpw 14 {io`q-X-_-enbpw

\S-°pw. a‰v BsdÆw a‰p amk-ß-fn¬ \S°pw

Bdv, H≥]Xv, ]{¥≠v Znh-k-ß-fnse Bcm-[\m

D’-h-Øn-\mWv Gsd {]m[m-\yw.

XnS-ºp-\rØw

DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse t£t{Xm-’-h-ßƒ°v

hfsc A]q¿Δ-amtb B\ Fgp-∂-≈n∏v ]Xn-hp-

≈q. D’-h-Øn\v XnS-ºp-\r-Ø-amWv {][m-\w. Ae-

¶-cn® ioth-en-_nw_w (Xn-S-ºv) Xe-bn-segp-∂-

≈n®v ]mZ-N-e-\-ßƒ°v {]m[m-\y-tØmsS sNøp-

∂-XmWv XnS-ºv\rØw. amcm-∑m¿ sIm´p∂ Xmf-

Øn¬ {_m“-W¿(-\-ºq-Xncn AYhm F{ºm-¥n-

cn) \rØwh°p-∂p. \ºo-i≥, hmcy¿ jmc-Sn, DWn-

Øncn F∂n-h¿ hnf-°p-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Ae-°n-b-h-

kv{Xw sRmdn-™p-SpØv \rØ-°m-c≥ ]´p-Ø-cnbw

D]-ho-X-am-b-Wn-bp-∂p. kz¿Æ-am-e, kz¿Æ-h-f,


- 242 -

IpWvU-ew- F-∂nh AWn-™n-cn-°pw. Xe-bn¬

DjvWn-]oTw (X-e-∏m-hv) hbv°p-∂-Xns‚ aosX-

bmWv hn{K-lw- h-°p-∂Xv. ]q°ƒsIm≠pw

kz¿Æ-am-e-IƒsIm≠pw XnSºv Ae-¶-cn-®n-cn-°pw.

\mep Xmf-Øn-emWv \rØw. Hcp ssIsIm≠p

XnSºv ]nSn-°pw. at‰-ssI ap-jvSn-ap-{Z-bmbn lrZ-

b-ÿm-\-Øp-]n-Sn-°pw. B\-sb-gp-∂-≈n-∏p-t]mse

{]Z-£n-W-tØmsS \rØw Ah-km-\n-°pw.

Xr®w-_cw t£{X-Ønse IrjvW\pw _e-

cm-a\pw tN¿∂p≈ \rØhpw IqSn-∏n-cn-bepw lrZ-

bmlmcn-bmb Hcp NS-ßm-Wv.-sN-dp-Xmgw t£{X-

Ønse khn-ti-jX \mep XnS-ºp≈ \rØ-am-

Wv. {iocm-a≥, l\p-am≥, Zp¿§, inh≥ F∂n-

hscbmWv Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂-Xv. l\p-ams‚ XnS-

sº-Sp-°p-∂-bmƒ CS°v Bth-iw-I-bdn hm\c

tNjvS-Iƒ Im-Wn-°pw. \me-©p-h¿jsØ ]cn-

io -e\wsImt≠ Hcp \√ \¿Ø-I-\m-Im≥

Ign-bq.

amSm-bn-°m-hv, a∂w-]p-d-ØvImhv

D’hw Ieiw

amSmbn°mhpw a∂w-]p-d-Øp-Imhpw DØ-c-

a-e-_m-dnse imt‡b

tI{μ-ß-fm-Wv. sIm√w

]njm-cn-°mhv, Ifcn

hmXp-°¬, amam-\-Øp-

Imhv F∂n-h-bm-Wv a‰p

imt‡b D-]m-k-\m-tI-

{μ-ßƒ. aZyhpw a’y-

amw -k-ßfpw Chn -

SpsØ {iotIm-hnen¬

\nth-Zn-°p-∂p.

IÆq-cn\pw ]ø-

∂-cn\pw at≤y ]g-b-

ßm-Sn°p kao-]-amWv

amSm-bn-°m-hv. AXyp-

{Kbpw i‡n-kz-cq-]n-

Wn-bp-amWv amSmbn ̀ K-

h-Xn. ISp-i¿°-c-tbm-K-

Øn -ep≈ hen -∏ -ap≈

at\m-l-c-amb hn{K-l-amWv tZhn-bp-tS-Xv. ao\-

Ønse ]qc-am-Wn-hn-SpsØ {][m\ D’-h-ß-fn-

sem-∂v. ]qcw \S-°p∂ AizXn apX-ep≈ 8 Znh-

k-°mew tZhn aln-jm-kp-c-h-[-Øn\p Fgp-∂-≈p-

sh∂ k¶¬∏-Øn¬ XnS-sº-gp-∂-≈n®v Ipd®p

sXt°m-´p-amdn tIm´ F∂ ÿesØ Hcp Xd-bn-

te°v t]mIpw AhnsS Nmenb kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

]qc-°-fn-bp-≠m-hpw. tZhnsb Cd-°n-F-gp-∂-≈n®v

]qP \SØn A∏w- t\-Zn®v F√m-h¿°pw \¬In

Ahn-sS-\n∂v Xncn-sI-t]m-cpw. Ah-km-\-Zn-hkw

amSm-bn-°m-hn¬\n∂p Ipd®p ]Sn-™mdp `mKØv

hSp -Ip∂v inh -t£-{X -Øn\p kao -] -ap≈

Ipf-Øn¬ ]qc-°p-fn -°mbn Fgp-∂-≈n-°pw.

]qcm-tLm-j-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb NS-ßm

-Wn-Xv.

CS-h-am-k-Ønse Ieiw amSm-bn-°m-hnse

as‰mcp D’-hmWv. C°m-eØv Ft´mfw sXø-

ßsf sIm´n-bmSn°p∂p. {][m-\-tImew Xncp-

h¿°m´v `K-h-Xn-bp-tS-XmWv (am-Sm-bn-°m-hn-eΩ ˛

Xmbv]c-tZ-h-X-sb∂pw ]d-bpw) DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse

{][m-\-s∏´ Ifn-bm-´-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv.

\oteizc-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈ a∂w-]-d-ºp-Im-

Xr®w-_-csØ XnSºv \rØw

- 243 -


hnepw ao\-Ønse ]qc-°m-e-ØmWv {][m-\-s∏´

D’-h-ß-fn-sem-∂v. ]qc-Zn-hkw XnS-tº-‰nb ]ptcm-

ln-X≥ \ote-izcw cmP-Ip-Spw_whI Xfn-bn¬

inh-t£-{X-Øn-seØn `K-hm-s\-I≠v tImhn-e-I-

Øv Cd°n ]qP-I-gn™p Nnd-bn¬ ]qc-°pfn

Ign™p aS-ßp-∂p.

CS-h-Ønse IeiØn\v, AWn-bn-s®m-cp-

°nb Iei Ipw`-ßƒ (a-Zyw) Xnø-k-ap-Zm-b-

Øn¬s∏-´-h¿ X≠n´v Npa-en-te‰n t£{X-Øn\v

hew-sh-°p-∂p. A∂p-Xs∂ AcbkpZm-b-

Øn¬s∏-´-h¿ henb a’y-ßsf X≠n¬Øq°n

tZhn°p ImgvN-sh-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v \S-bn¬ `K-

hXn, Imf-cm{Xn, t£{X-]m-e≥, ssI°-tfm≥

F∂o sXø-t°m-e-ßƒsIńbmSp-∂p. Cu im-

t‡-b-Im-hp-I-fn¬ ]qP \S-Øp-∂Xv ]nSm-S¿ F∂

hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ {_m“-W-cm-Wv.

Ip∂-Øp¿∏mSn ]d»n\n-°-Shv

Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬\n∂p Ing-t°m-´p-am-dn Ip∂-

Øp¿]m-Sn-a-e-bn¬ Dt±iw 3000 ASn Db-c-Øn-

emWv apØ-∏s‚ BcpVw k¶o¿Æ-ß-fmb NS-

ßp-Iƒ°p-tijw [\p 2˛\v ]mSn-bn¬ D’hw

Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. GXm≠v Hcp amk-°mew \o≠p-

\n¬°p∂ Cu D’-h-Øn\p e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-

I-fm-sW-Øp-∂-Xv. h\-a-[y-Øn¬ Xpd-kmbÿew.

AhnsS Hcp Kpl-°-IØv Hcp Xd-bn¬ Xm¬°m-

enIambn sIń-bp-≠m-°p∂ aS-∏p-c-bmWv {iotIm-

hn¬. F∂pw apØ-∏s‚ tImew-sI-ń-bm-S-emWv

{][m\]cn-]mSn. cm{Xn-bn¬ h\-a-≤y-Øn¬

IØp∂ Nq´p-I-‰-I-fpsS shfn-®-Ønse apØ-∏-

Z¿i\w Hc\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv.

DØ-c-a-e-_m-dn¬ F√m-bn-SØpw apØ-∏m-cm-

[m-\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \nc-h[n aS-∏p-c-Iƒ Ds≠-

¶nepw ]d-»n-\n-a-S-∏pc tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw {]kn-

≤-am-b t£{X-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. ChnsS Zn\w-{]Xn

]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßƒ t£{X-Z¿i\w \S-Øp-∂p.

FØp-∂-h¿s°√mw kuP\y ̀ £-Whpw \¬Ip-

∂p. F∂pw sh≈m-´hpw Xncp-h-∏-\-bp-ambn apØ-

∏s‚ tImew-sI-ń-bm-Sp-∂-Xm-Wn-hn-SpsØ khn-

ti-j-X. F√m kw{Im-¥n-Zn-\-ß-fnepw \ºq-Xncn

]qPn-°p-∂p. a‰p Znh-k-ß-fn¬ t£{X-D-S-a-ÿ-cmb

Xnø¿ Xs∂-bmWv ]qP. aZyhpw a’y-amw-km-Zn-

Ifpw ChnsS \nth-Zn-°p-∂p.

hr›nIw 16-\mWv {][m\ D’hw sImSn-

tb‰w. A∂p Zqc-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hnhn[ ]cn-

]mSnI-tfmsS ImgvN-h-c-hp-≠m-Ipw. sh≈m-´hpw

Xncp-h-∏-\bpw Xs∂ ChnsS apJyw. 20-˛\v sImSn-

bn-d-°w. ao\-am-k-Øn¬ \nc-h[n sXø-ßƒ ]pd-

s∏-Sp∂ Ifn-bm´w D≠v. ChnsS D’-h-Øns‚

apJy B¿jWw apØ-∏s‚ tImew Xs∂-bm-Wv.

P\-e-£-ßƒ XSn-®p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv apØ-∏s‚ apºn¬

Xß-fpsS ZpxJ-ßƒ ka¿∏n-°m\pw Bizmkw

tXSm-\p-am-Wv.

sImń-bq¿ sshim-tJm-’hw

hf-]-´Ww]pg°v hS°p≈ DØ-c-a-e-_m-

dnse t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bmWv Cu teJ-\-

Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw i_-cn-a-e-t]mse

]d-»n-\n-ap-Ø-∏≥ sh≈m-́ hpw Xncp-h-∏-\bpw


- 244 -

h\-a-≤y-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xpw e£-°-W-

°n\v Xo¿∞m-S-I¿ h¿jw-tXmdpw kμ¿in-°p-∂-

Xp-amb sImń-bq¿ t£{X-tØbpw Ahn-SpsØ

sshim-tJm-’-h-sØbpw ]cm-a¿in-°msX Cu

teJ\w A]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°pw. 12140 slIvS¿ h\-

`qan Cu t£{X-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw h\-kw-

c-£W \nb-ahpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬\n-∂p≈ IpSn-

tb-‰-hpw-aqew ̀ qan GXm\pw G°-sdm-gnsI \jvS-

s∏´ Xe-t»-cn-\n∂v 64 In.-an. Ing°v h\-a-≤y-Øn-

emWv t£{Xw. sshim-tJm-’-h-Øn\p am{X-

amWv Bcm-[-\.-_m-h-en-∏p-g-bpsS Hcphiw h\-a-

≤y-Øn¬ A°-c-sIm-ń-bqcpw Ctß-hiw C°-c-

sIm-ń-bq-cp-am-Wv. taS-Ønse hnimJw \mfn¬

sshim-tJm-’hw Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. Z£-bmKw

\S-∂- ÿe-am-Wn-sX-∂mWv hnizm-kw. A°-sc-

sIm-ń-bq-cnse Hcp a¨X-d-bn-ep≈ sNdp-Ip-gn-bn-

emWv inh-enw-Kw. k¶o¿Æ-ß-fmb \nc-h[n NS-

ßp-Iƒ Chn-SpsØ D’-h-Øn-\p-≠v. A°-c-sIm-

ń-bq-cn¬ {]th-in-®m¬ _mh-en-∏p-g°v Ig-I-°m¿

Nnd-sI-´p-∂p. hnjp apX¬ {hX-sa-SpØ ]Xn-\m-

bn-c-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ s\øm-´-

amWv BZy-N-Sßv. \mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Ah-

Im-i-am-Wn-Xv. s\øm-´-Øn-\p-tijw \S-°p-∂-

C-f-\o-cm-´-Øn¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßƒ tXmf-Øp-h®

hSn -bpsS c≠-‰Øpw

sIń-Øq-°n-b -C-f-\o-cp-I-

fp -ambn tKmhn-μm-lcn

F∂ \ma-P-]-tØmsS

FØn-t®cpw Xnø-k-ap-Zm-

b-Øn-\mWv Cf-\o-cm-´-

Øn\v Ah-Im-iw. P\-e-

£-ßƒ ]s¶-Sp -°p∂

H c p a m k - ° m - e s Ø

s s h i m - t J m - ’ h w

Ign™p NnØn-c-\m-fn¬

Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈-tØmsS

D’-h-Øn\p kam-]-\-am-

Ipw. sImń-bq¿ ho≠pw

]Xn-s\m∂p amk-tØ°p

\n»-_vZ-am-Ipw. C°-c-s°-

ń-bq-cn¬ \nXy-]q-P-bp-≠v.

Xfn-∏-dºv cmP-cm-tP-iz-c t£{Xw

{]ikvXnsIm≠p {]mNo-\-X-sIm≠pw ae-

_m-dnse G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ t£{X-amb Xfn-∏-

dºv cmP-cm-tP-izc t£{Xw. Pb-e-fn-X-bp-sSbpw

bZyq-c-∏-bp-sSbpw kμ¿i-\w-sIm≠pw aocm-Pm-kvan≥

Ib-dn-b-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnhm-Z-ßƒsIm≠pw Cu

t£{Xw am[y-a-{i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰p-I-bp-≠m-b-t√m.

{]mNo-\-amb s]cn-©-√q¿ {Kma-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂ Cu

t£{XØn¬ ]WvUn-X-∑m-scbpw Ihn-I-sfbpw

Iem-Im-c-∑m-scbpw ]´pw hfbpw \¬In BZ-cn-®n-

cp-∂p. Chn-Sp∂p In´p∂ _lp-aXn F√m cmPm-°-

∑mcpw AwKo-I-cn -®n -cp -∂-Xn-\m¬ Chn-Sp∂p

\¬Ip∂ hf [cn-®p-sIm≠p GXp cmP-k-Z- nepw

t]mIm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e IqSn-bm-́ -ßfpw Chn-sS-bmWv

Ac-tß‰w Ipdn-®n-́ p-≈-Xv. k‘y°ptijsa \me-

º-e-Øn¬ kv{XoIƒ {]th-in-°mhq F∂-XmWv

as‰mcp khn-ti-jX ssh°w, G‰p-am-\q¿,

hS°pw\mY≥ t£{X-ß-sf-t∏mse {][m-\-s∏´

H∂msW-¶nepw ChnsS D’-h-Øn\p {]m[m-\y-an-

√. hnjphpw inh-cm-{Xn-bp-amWv {][m\ hnti-j-

ßƒ. A∂v Hcm\-∏p-dØv Fgp-∂-≈n-°pw.- A-Xn-

e[nIw B¿`m-S-ßƒ ]Xn-hn-√. Xr®w-_-c-Øp-

\n∂pw Cu c≠p-Zn-hkhpw XnS-sº-gp-∂-≈n®p _me-

sImń-bq¿ sshim-tJm-’hw

- 245 -


Ir-jvW-s]-cp-amƒ cmP-cm-tP-iz-cs\ Z¿in-°m-

s\Øpw F∂-Xm-sWmcp khn-ti-j-X. ChnsS

sImSn-a-ctam sImSn-tb-‰p-’-htam C√.

Ifn-bm-´-ßƒ

DØ-c-a-e-_m-dn¬ D’-

h-°m-e-sa-∂m¬ sXø-ß-

fpsS Ime-am-Wv. {][m-\-

ambpw Xpem-∏Øp apX¬ taS-

∏-Øp-h-sc-bmWv Ifn-bm´

kok¨ {Kma-ß-fnse Imhp-

I-fn-se√mw sXø-ß-fp-≠m-

Ipw. Hmtcm t£{X-ß-fnepw

\nc-h[n sXø-ß-fp-≠m-hpw.

]{¥-≠p-h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬

\S-°p∂ s]cp-¶-fn-bm-´-ß-

fn¬ \qtdmfw sXø-ßƒ

hsc sI´n-bmSpw. s]cp-¶-fn-

bm´w hn]p -e -amb Hcp

kma qtlym -’ -h - a m -W v .

At\I Znh-k-ß-fn-embn \S-

°p∂ s]cp-¶-fn-bm-´-Øn\v

]s¶-Sp -°p∂ P\-e-£-

ßƒ°v kZy-\¬Ipw. F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsSbpw

]¶m-fnØw Ifn-bm-́ -ßƒ°p≈Xn-\m¬ kmaq-ly-

\-thm-∞m-\-Øn¬ sXø-ß-fpsS ]¶v hep-Xm-Wv.

PmXn-]-c-amb Nn¥-Iƒ DØ-

c-a-e-_m-dn¬ Xosc-Ip-d-hm-sW-

∂-Xn\v NS-ßp-I-fnse k¿Δ-

k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw BNmc-]-

c-amb {]mXn-\n[yw Hcp Imc-

W-am-Imw. Ifn-bm´wXs∂

as‰mcp hn]p-e-amb ]T-\-

Øns‚ taJ-e-bm-b-Xn-\m¬

AXn-te°p IS-°p-∂n-√.

]qtcm-’hw

a o \ - a m - k - Ø n s e

Im¿ØnI apX¬ ]qcw-hsc

bp≈ HºXp Znh-k-ß-fmWv

DØ-c -a -e -_m-dnse ]qcm -

tLmjw hoSp-I-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ

{hXw t\m‰v ]q°ƒsIm≠p-

Im-a-\msc D≠m°n ]qc-bS

\nth-Zn-°p-∂p.DØ-c-a-e-_m-dnse sXø-ß-fp-W-cp∂ cm{Xn-Iƒ

]qtcm-’-h-Ønse ]qc-°fn


- 246 -

HºXp Znh-khpw `K-hXn t£{X-ß-fn¬

]pcp-j-∑m¿ BSn-∏m-Sn-°-fn-°p∂ ]qc-°-fn-bmWv

Cu D’-h-Øns‚ {][m\ NS-ßv. {]tXyI Xmf-

Øn-ep≈ NphSpsh-bv]p-Ifpw IctLmj-ß-fp-

ambn Ifn-°p∂ ]qc-°fn°p ]Xn-s\-́ p-hn[w Km\-

ßƒ ]mSn-s°m≠p ]Xn-s\-´p-Xcw Ifn-Iƒ D≠v.

]qc-°-fn-bpsS Ah-km\ Znhkw c≠p ]qc-°fn

kwL-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ a’-c-amWv ad-Øp-I-fn. c≠p

kwL-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw hnhn[ ssh⁄m-\nI

hnj-b-ßsf Bkv]Z-am°n \S-Øp∂ hmZ-{]-Xn-

]m-Z-am-Wv CXnse apJy-L-S-Iw.

Imk¿tIms´ D’-h-ßƒ

N{μ-Kncn∏pg°v hS°v t£{X-ß-fn¬ I∂S

kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-amWv ap∂n-́ p-\n¬°p-

∂-Xv. Imk¿tImSv a√nIm¿P\ t£{Xw, at©-

izcw aZ-\-t¥-iz¿ t£{Xw, Ipºf tKm]m-e-

IrjvW t£{Xw, a[p¿ alm-K-W-]Xn t£{Xw,

a√- Zp¿§m]c-ta-izcn t£{Xw XpSßn \nc-h[n

alm-t£-{X-ßƒ Imk¿tImSv ̀ mK-Øp-s≠-¶nepw

sX°≥ \mń¬ Ch- A{X ]cn-Nn-X-a-√. I¿Æm-

SI coXn-bn¬ cYtam ]√t°m Fgp-∂-≈n-°-emWv

Chn-Sß-fnse D’-h-ßƒ°v {][m-\w. tIc-f-

Ønse IY-I-fn-tbmSv kmay-ap≈ b£-Km\w

I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse G‰hpw {][m\ Iem-cq-]-amWv.

I-Y-I-fn-bn¬\n∂v {]tNm-Z-\-apƒs°m≠p Ipº-f-

bn-em-Wt{X Cu Ie cq]w-sIm-≠-Xv. IY-I-fn-sb-

°mƒ efn-X-am-b-Xn-\m¬ b£-Km\w Ipsd-°qSn

P\-Io-b-amWv. Imk¿tIms´ D’-h-ßƒ°v b£-

Km-\-amWv G‰hpw {]Nm-c-ap≈ ]cn-]mSn. \rØw

Km\-taf XpS-ßnb hnhn[ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-≠m-

Ipw. N{μ-Kncn∏pg IS-∂m¬ D’-h-ß-fpsS kz`mhw

]msS amdp-∂p.

DØ-c-a-e-_m¿ XnI®pw

hyXy-kvX-amb kº-∂-amb

Hcp ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ \mSm-

Wv. Chn-SpsØ t£t{Xm-’-

h-ßƒ a‰p `mK-ß-fnse

D’-h-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw

sNøm≥ ]‰m -Ø-hn[w

sshhn-[y-ap-≈Xpw h¿Æ-i-

_-f-hp-am-Wv. PmXn-°-Xo-X-

amb Hcp ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Iq´m-

bvabpw Chn-SpsØ D’-h-ß-

fpsS Hcp khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

Ch-Iqń-t®¿∂mte tIc-f-

Ønse D’-h-ß-fpsS

]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-Iq.

a[q¿ alm-K-W-]Xn t£{Xw

Fw. B¿. Fkv. tat\m≥ :˛ -dn´. sI. Fkv. C. _n. A°u≠vkv Hmôk¿. \m¬∏Xne[nIw

h¿jßfmbn IpńIƒ°v B≤ymflnI kmwkvImcnI ]T\¢m pIƒ \SØnhcp∂p.

Xr∏qWnØpd IYIfn tI{μØnt‚bpw A¥¿t±iob IqSnbm´ tI{μØnt‚bpw

kPoh{]h¿ØI≥.

- 247 -


tNm‰m-\n-°c hnP-b≥ amcm¿

tNm‰m-\n-°c tZhnt£{X-ØnseD’-h-ßƒ

{io tNm‰m-\n-

°c tZhn -t£-{X-

Ønse D’-h-Øn-s\-

∏‰n Fs‚ Ffnb a\-

n¬ Hm¿Ω hcp∂

kwK-Xn-Iƒ ChnsS

Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p-∂p.

t]mcm-bva-Ifpw sX‰p-

Ifpw kZbw £an-°p-

hm≥ `K-h-Xn-tbmSp

{]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.

{io tNm‰m-\n-

°c tZhn-bpsS sImSn-

I-bdn D’hw Ipw -̀

am-k-Ønse D{Xw (9-

˛mw Znh-kw) Bdm v́

hcp∂ hn[-Øn¬

tcmlnWn sImSnIb-

dp-∂p. sImSn-tb-‰n\p

ap≥]p apX¬ F∂pw

Bdm-´p \-S-°p-∂p

F∂p-≈Xv Chn -

SpsØ {]tXy-I-X-bm-

Wv. sImSn-Ibdn 5˛mw

Znhkw D’-h-_-enbpw 7˛mw Znhkw Ncn{X {]kn-

≤-amb ""aIw'' sXmg¬ F∂nhbpw \S-°p-∂p. D’-

h-°m-eØv tZhn ]pd-tØ°v Fgp-∂-≈p-tºmƒ

imkvXm-hn-t\bpw IqSn Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂p. tZhn°pw

imkvXm-hn\pw Hcpt]mse Bdm´v D≠v. 8˛mw

Znhkw ]qcw. 8˛mw Znhkw Ingt° Nnd-bn¬ Bdm´p

Ign-™v Nt{¶mØv a\-°¬ Cd°n ]qPbpw Ign™v

henb Iogv°m-hn¬

Cd°n Fgp-∂-≈n-

°p -∂p. AhnsS

\n∂pw F√m Xncp-hm-

` - c - W - ß f p w

AWn™v cm{Xn 8.30-

aWn°v tZhn

imk vXm -k - ta -X -

\mbn Fgp -∂≈n

Iogv°m-hn¬ h∂v

I o g v° m - h n - e -Ω -

sbbpw Iqń Fgp-∂-

≈n®p Ingt°

aXn¬°p ]pdØv

FØp-∂p. At∏mƒ

]©-hm-Zyw. ]©-hm-

Z y -Ø n - \ p - tijw

t£{X-a-Xn¬°-I-

Øp-\n∂pw 4 tZhn

tZh≥am-sc (1. tXtc-

‰n¬ ""`K-hXn'', 2.

HmW-°p‰n ""`K-hXn-'',

3. I≠-¶mhv ""`K-hXn-

'', 4. Ipgn-tb-‰n¬ ""in-

h≥'') ]m≠n-ta-f-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ingt° \S-bn-te°v

Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂p. Ingt° \S-bn¬ ]m≠n-tafw Iem-

in®p ]pd-tØ°v Fgp-∂≈n, tNm‰m-\n-°c tZhn-

tbmSpIqSn Iqń Fgp-∂-≈n∏v Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂p. AhnsS

]cnjhmZyw Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂p. Cu Iqń Fgp-∂-≈n∏v

ka-bØv Ggp- tZhn tZh-∑m-cpsS ap∂n¬ ImWn-°-

bn-Sp-∂Xv hnti-j-ambn Icp-Xp-∂p.

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI

- 248 -

AhnsS \n∂pw aμw aμw apt∂m´p t]m∂v

t£{X-a-Xn¬°-IØp IS∂v ]cnjhmZyw Ah-

km-\n-°p-tºmƒ ta¬im-¥n- h∂v FXn-tcev]v \S-

Øp-∂p. A-Xn\ptijw aXn¬°-IØv Ggm\

klnXw aq∂v {]Z-£nWw Ign™v hSt° ]qc-

∏-d-ºn¬ FØp-∂p. AhnsS ]qc-Ø-d-bn¬ FØn

B\-Iƒ bYm-ÿm-\Øv \n∂m¬ tIfn, ]‰v apX-

emb NS-ßp-Iƒ Ign™v sNºS sIm´n Iem-in-

°p-∂p. tijw sNdnb coXn-bn¬ Icn-a-cp∂p

{]tbm-Khpw D≠m-hm-dp-≠v. AXp- I-gn™v ]m≠n-

ta-f-tØm-Sp-IqSn aXn¬°-IØp Ibdn Cd°n Fgp-

∂-≈n-®m¬ ]qc-Øns‚ NS-ßp-Iƒ Xocp-∂p.

tNm‰m-\n-°c ]qc-Øn\v Ggm-\-Iƒ \n¿∫-

‘-am-Wv.

Iq´n Fgp-∂-≈-Øns‚ Ggv tZhn tZh≥am¿

1. tNm‰m-\n-°c `K-hXn

2. tNm‰m-\n-°c t£{X-Øn\v AIsØ imkvXmhv

3. Ingp-°m-hn¬ `K-hXn

4. tXtc-‰n¬ `K-hXn (ap-cn-b-aw-K-ew)

5. HmW-°p‰n ̀ K-hXn

6. I≠-¶mhv ̀ K-hXn

7. Ipgn-tb-‰n¬ inh≥

D{Xw Znhkw k‘y-tbm-Sq-IqSn Zo]m-cm-[-

\bpw AØm-g-]q-Pbpw ioth-enbpw Ign-™v

tZhnsb henb Ingp-°m-hn-te°v Fgp-∂-≈n-°pw.

A∂v ta¬ im-¥nbpw Ig-I-°m-c\pw amcmcpw tZhn-

tbm-sSm∏w henb Ingp-°m-hn¬ Dd-ßp-∂p. D{Xw

- 249 -

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI

Znhkw t£{X-Øns‚ \me-º-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ HmSp-

sIm-≠p≈ H‰ km[-\hpw h°m≥ ]mSn√ (D-cp-

fn, hnf-°v, aWn-Iƒ apX-em-b-h) At∂-Zn-hkw

tZhn-bpsS `qX-K-W-ßƒ°v BtLm-j-Øn-\mbn

Hgn™p sImSp-°p∂p F∂mWv k¶¬]w. k‘y-

tbm-Sp -IqSn aXn¬°-IsØ hnf°v F√mw

sISpØn aXn¬°Iw hnP -\ -am -°p∂p.

]nt‰Znhkw (AØw) Ingp-°m-hn¬ henb Kpcp-

Xn-IqSn Ign-™m¬ sImSn-I-bdn D’-h-Øns‚

F√m NS-ßp-Ifpw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.

D’-h-Im-eØv Bdm´p \S-°p∂ ÿe-ßƒ

1. tcmlnWn (sIm-Sn-tb-‰v, sshIo´v) ˛Ing-t°-®nd

2. aI-bncw ˛sXt°-®nd

3. Xncp-hm-Xnc ˛]≈n-∏p-d-Øp-a\

4. ]pW¿Xw ˛Xncp-hm-¶pfw inh-t£{Xw

5. ]qbw ˛Ipcn-°mSv {ioIr-jvW-t£{Xw

6. Bbneyw ˛Ing-t°-®nd

7. aIw ˛HmW-°p-‰n-®nd

8. ]qcw ˛Ing-t°-®nd

9. D{Xw (cm-hn-se) ˛Ing-t°-®nd

tNm‰m-\n-°c tZhn-t£-{X-Øn¬ \h-cm{Xn

10 Znhkw Item-’-h-ambn BtLm-jn-°p-∂p.

kwKo-Xw, \rØw, Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ F∂nh hn]p-

e-amb coXn-bn¬ \S-Øp∂p. hnP-b-Z-ian Znhkw

[mcmfw Ip´n-Isf Fgp-Øn-\n-cp-Øp-∂p.

hr›nI amk-Ønse aWvUe atlm-’hIm-

eØv k]vXm-l-ßƒ, \hm-l-ßƒ A∂-Zm\w apX-

em-bh \S-°p-∂p. hr›n-I-Øn-se Im¿Øn-I, tcmln-

Wn, aI-bncw F∂nh hn]p-e-ambn BtLm-jn-°p-

∂p. hr›n-I-Ønse "Im¿ØnI' tZhn-bpsS Xncp-\mƒ

BI-bm¬ "Xr°m¿ØnI' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu

aq∂p Znh-k-ß-fnepw Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Fgp-∂-

≈n∏pw \S-°p-∂p.

taSamk-Ønse hnjp, ""hnjp-hn-f°v'' F∂

t]cn¬ BtLm-jn-°p-∂p. hnjp-k-Zybpw D≠v.

I¿°n-S-I-amkw ""cmam-bW amk-''ambn BtLm-

jn-°p-∂p. Nnß-am-k-Øn¬ D{Xm-S-Øn\v ""ImgvN-

°pe ka¿∏-W''hpw, Xncp-thm-W-Øn\v ""HmW-k-

Zy''bpw hnti-j-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. t£{X-Øn¬ F√m

Znh-khpw A∂-Zm\w D≠v.

tNm‰m-\n-°-c-bΩ

tNm‰m-\n-°c t£{X-Øn¬ cmP-cm-tP-izcn

{]Xn-jvT-bm-Wv. {][m\ t£{X-Øn¬ Ing-t°m´v

Z¿i-\-ambn cp{Zm-£-in-e-bn¬ tNm‰m-\n-°c AΩ

kzbw-`q-hmbn hmW-cp-fp-∂p. Cu hn{K-l-tØmSv

tN¿∂v alm-hnjvWp hn{K-lhpw D≠v. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv ""AtΩ \mcm-bW'-, ""tZho \mcm-bW''

F∂v `‡¿ hnfn®v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. kc-kz-Xn,

Zp¿§, alm-e£van F∂n-ßs\ Hcp Zn-hkw aq∂v

t\cw aq∂v cq]-ß-fn-emWv tNm‰m-\n-°c AΩ

`‡¿°v Z¿i\w Acp-fp-∂-Xv.

htμ amX-c-aw-_nImw `K-hXow

hmWow cam-tk-hnXmw

IeymWow Ia-\obIev]-e-XnImw

ssIemk\mY {]nbmw

thZm¥ {]Xn-]m-Zy-am\ hn`hmw

hnZz-∑-t\m-c-RvPn\ow

{ioN-{Im-¶n-X-cXv\]oT-\n-ebmw

{io cmP-cm-tP-iz-cow

tNm‰m-\n-°c hnP-b≥ amcm¿ : {]ikvX Xnane hmZy-I-em-Im-c≥, tNm‰m-\n-°c

tZhot£-{-Ønse ASn-b-¥n-c-am-cm¿. hocirwJe tPXm-hv. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc ]©-hm-Zy-Øns‚

{]am-Wn.

Makarajyothi 2011 page 201-250

Education

Transcript of Makarajyothi 2011 page 201-250