Title

MAJOR CROPS IN INDIA

Introduction

• India is the top producer of many crops in the world• A variety of food and non-food crops are grown in different

parts of our country.• Food crops of India is like Rice, Wheat, Pulse, Maize,

Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Coffee, and Horticulture crops etc. • And the non-food crops of India is like Rubber, Fiber, Cotton,

and Jute

Crop Seasons in India• 1. The Kharif Season: Crops are sown at the be ginning of south-

west monsoon and harvested at the end of the south-west monsoon.

• Sowing Season: May to July.

• Harvesting Season : September to October.

• Important Crops: Jowar, Bajra, Rice, Maize, Cotton, Groundnut, Jute, Hemp, Tobacco etc.

Conti.• 2. The Rabi Season:- Crops need cool climate during

growth period but warm climate during the germination of seed and maturation. • Sowing Season: October to December • Harvesting Season: February to April• Important Crops: Wheat, Barley, Gram, Linseed,

Mustard, Masoor & Peas.

Conti.

• 3. The Zaid Season:- These Crops are raised throughout the year due to artificial irrigation.

• Sowing Season: August to September

• Harvesting Season: December-January

• Important Crops: Rice, Jowar, Rapeseed, Cotton, Oilseeds

Major Crops In India

We divided the major crops in India in two categories Food Crops (Wheat, Rice, Pulses, Sugercane,

Tea, Coffee)Non-food Crops ( Cotton, Jute, Rubber, Silk)

Rice

• India is the 2nd largest producer of rice in the world

• known as paddy fields and require to be flooded with 10-12 cm deep water in the early stages

• It is type of Crop: Kharif, Rabi

• varieties of rice Aman, Sali, Afghani, Aus, Boro, Palua

• Temperature that suitable for rice irrigation is 24 °C and rainfall Is 150 cm

• Major Producers are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Haryana.

Map of Rice distribution In India

Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Wheat• It is the 2nd most important food crop in India.

• India stands second in production of wheat worldwide

• It is a Rabi crop.

• varieties of Wheat are Kalyan Sona, Sonalika, Heera.

• For rice irrigation temperature suitable 17-20 °C and rainfall: 20-100 cm

• Major Producers are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Uttarakhand.

Map of Wheat distribution In India

Image source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Sugarcane• Sugarcane is an important cash crop.• India stands at 2nd position among all countries in the world

in its production• It is type of Crop is Kharif, Rabi.• Temperature needed for its cultivation 20-26 °C and rainfall:

75-150 cm• . Major Producers are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka,

Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Punjab

Map of Sugercane distribution In India

Image source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Tea• Tea is a labour intensive crop and 50% of the laborers are

women• India is the 2nd largest producer and the largest consumer of

tea in the world• It grows faster under light shade• Temperature needed for Tea is 20-30 °C and rainfall: 150-300

cm• Major Producers are Assam, Darjeeling (West Bengal),

Meghalaya, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka.

Map of Tea distribution In India

Image Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Coffee• Coffees are grown in shade and commonly with two tiers of

shade• Varieties of Coffee are Arabica (premier coffee) and Robusta

(lower quality)• The temperature suitable for coffee is 16-28°C and rainfall:

150-250 cm• Major Producers are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra

Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Nagaland

Map of Coffee distribution In India

Image Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Maize• it is a rabi crop • sown a few weeks before the onset of winter rainy season in

Sept. and Oct. It requires 50-100 cm of rainfall • it cannot be grown in areas of more than 100 cm rainfall.• More than half the maize of India is produced in four states of

Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan.• Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of maize in India. This

state contributed over 14 per cent of maize from about 13.5 per cent of maize area of the country

Cotton• Cotton is a tropical and subtropical Kharif crop.• It is a fiber crop and is known as ‘White gold’.• India ranks 3rd in the production of cotton worldwide• The varieties of cottons are Long Staple, Medium Staple,

Short Staple. • For Cotton irrigation temperature suitable that is 21-30 °C

and rainfall is 50-100 cm• Major Producers are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,

Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Karnataka, TamilNadu, Orissa.

Map of Cotton distribution In India

Image Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Jute• . It is one of the most important natural fibres in terms of

cultivation and usage. • Almost 85% of the world’s jute is cultivated in the Ganges Delta. • It is type of Crop is Zaid. • The varieties of Jute are White Jute, Tossa Jute. • Temperature needed to this crop is 24-35 °C and annual

Rainfall: 125-200 cm.• Major Producers are West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Andhra Pradesh,

Orissa, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.

Map of Jute distribution In India

Image Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

Silk• Silkworm is domesticated over thousands of years and the

sole food for the growth of silkworm is mulberry leaf.• The silkworm is fed on mulberry leaves, or on the leaves of

castor plant and it produces cocoons, which when boiled, give the silk thread• Under ideal conditions silkworm completes cocoon formation

in 24-28 days from the day of hatching• In India, silk is produced in Karnataka, West Bengal, Bihar,

Assam and Kashmi

Map of Jute distribution In India

Image Source: http://www.mapsofindia.com

• Rubber:- Rubber is used for a variety of purposes from erasing pencil marks to manufacturing of tyres, tubes and a large number of industrial products.• It requires hot and humid climate with temperature of 25°-

35°C and annual rainfall of over 200 cm.• Rubber is grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and

Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Meghalaya • India is the third largest natural rubber producing country of

the world, next to Thailand and Indonesia

Reference

• D.R.Khullar. (2005). India- A Comprehensive Geography. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers. Rajput, D. (2006). • Husain M., Geography of India, Published by New Delhi:

McGrawhiel Education (India) Private limited, Fifth edition.• https://testbook.com/blog/crops-in-india-gk-notes-pdf/• http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/notes/notes-on-agricultural-

seasons-and-major-crops-in-india/12791/• http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/cultivation/rubber-cultivatio

n-in-india-production-distribution-and-trade/20933/

THAN

K YOU