MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES

Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies in the Philippines

Country profileCountry name: PhilippinesPopulation– 100, 096,496 (2014): 1.38% of

the world’s populationGrowth/year: 1.81% (2014 estimate)Urban population: 49% (2013 NSO)Urban annual growth rate – 4% (NSO 2010

census)GDP per capita : US$ 2,765.1

Climate:Tropical and maritime, characterized by relatively hightemperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. It issimilar in many respects to the climate of thecountries of Central America. Temperature, humidity,and rainfall are the most important elements of thecountry's weather and climate (PhilippineAtmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical ServiceAdministration)

Main Problems related to CC in the Country and in Cities

Philippine Vulnerabilities: Global Warming / Climate Change

Located within Pacific typhoon belt area

1. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO

TROPICAL CYCLONES 2. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE

TO LANDSLIDES/

MUDSLIDES

3. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLETO FLOODING AND

STORM SURGES

Archipelago composed of low lying small islands70% of cities and municipalities are coastal areas

Average: (20 Typhoons A

Year)

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. more frequent extreme weather/climate events

2.

Flooding Events

Landslides/ Mudslides

Urban Systems• Human Settlements• Infrastructures

Water stress (quantity & quality)

Intense rains

Decreased rainfall/

Longer dry period

• Agriculture• Forestry• Livelihood• Health• Human

Settlements

Inundation of coastal areas & islands

• Wetlands & mangroves destruction

• Salt-water intrusionSEA LEVEL RISE

Chronic un - and under -employment (poverty issues)

IMPACTS OF RAPID URBANIZATION

• Inadequate housing

• Over crowding /Congestion

• Decreasing green area

• Decreasing water supply

• Increasing GHG emission from construction, industries, transport and other sectors, & urban lifestyle

• Risks of disasters, e.g. flooding

• Health risks

• Overall decrease in quality of life

Large scale urbanDevelopment eating up food production & protection area

MAIN DRIVERS OF CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS: POLICIES

Republic Act 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009)o An Act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy

and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the Climate Change Commission, and for other purposes.

Republic Act 10121 (DRRM Act of 2010)o An act strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national

disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.

o National Climate Change Action Plan (2011-2028) –o Outlines the specific programs and strategies for adaptation and mitigation for 2011 to 2028.

Republic Act 7279 (Urban Development Housing Act )o An Act to provide for a comprehensive and continuing urban development and housing program,

establish the mechanism for its implementation, and for other purposes

Republic Act 8749 (Clean Air Act )o An Act providing for a comprehensive air pollution control policy and for other purposes

Republic Act 10174 (People’s Survival Fund)o An Act Establishing the People's Survival Fund to Provide Long-Term Finance Streams to Enable the

Government to Effectively Address the Problem of Climate Change, Amending for the Purpose Republic Act No. 9729, Otherwise Known as the "Climate Change Act of 2009", and for Other Purposes.

MAIN OPPORTUNITIES FOR MAINSTREAMING CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION: POLICIES AND PLANS

National Urban Development and Housing Framework (NUDHF)

The NUDHF is a framework plan mandated by Republic Act 7279 (UDHA Law) which contains policy statements that are designed to guide the Philippine government towards improving the performance and efficiency of the urban system.

The present framework (NUDHF 2009-2016) is now being updated by the HLURB in partnership with the HUDCC and with the support of UN Habitat.

The updating of the NUDHF is a major opportunity to mainstream CC adaptation and mitigation as this shall be used primarily to guide the formulation and implementation of plans, programs and activities (PPAs) of both local and national governments through its strategic recommendations.”

MAIN DRIVERS OF CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS: LOCAL LEVEL PLANS

Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

HLURB has promulgated its 3-Volume CLUP Guidebooks 2013/2014 to guide cities and municipalities in formulating/updating their respective CLUPs under a Ridge-to-Reef or Integrated Ecosystems Management approach that also mainstreams climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management.

Assessment of climate change and disaster risk and vulnerability was incorporated in the CLUP process so that the appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures are identified. These measures are applied in land use allocation, policies, programs and projects, land use and zoning regulations.

Comprehensive Development Plan In partnership with the CCC and with assistance from the UNDP and Australian Aid, DILG is now enhancing its

Guide to CDP Preparation for LGUs through the development of the Guidelines on Mainstreaming CCA and DRR in the Comprehensive Development Plan. This guide will also include policy or guide notes on deriving the LDRRMP and LCCAP from the CDP to simplify the planning process as well as mainstreaming these in the Local Development Investment Program and Annual Investment Plans.

Setting development goals and strategies and identification of PPAs and other policy options will build on the situational analysis and climate and disaster risk and vulnerability assessment incorporated in the CLUP process as prescribed in the CLUP guidebooks of the HLURB.

Local Climate Change Action Plan – Eco-town Approach

MAIN BARRIERS OF CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS: LOCAL LEVEL PLANS

Availability and readiness of basic requirements for integration in local plans

Limitations on availability and understanding of 1:10,000 Hazard Maps

lack or limited capacity of LGUs on utilization of hazard maps in local development planslack or limited understanding of climate projections in relation to local development

Data availability varies from one LGU to another, with lower income LGUs likely to have limited database/information critical for climate change integration

MAIN BARRIERS AND DRIVERS:DECISION-MAKING AND FINANCING

Limited financial and technical capacity of cities to mainstream adaptation and mitigation actions

- Political term is very short- no match with the long-term programming and implementation of CC projects; planning for urban resilience is long term and needs sustained financing

Getting people out of harm’s way is costly as 70% of LGUs are along the coast

Lack of LGU understanding on scientific information on CC scenarios and impacts . at a scale relevant to decision-makers

MAIN BARRIERS AND DRIVERS:STAKEHOLDERS

Main Actors who can influence CCA and mitigation efforts:

- National Government Agencies (the whole bureaucracy)- Local Government Units – provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays (villages)

Private Sectors, Academe/Learning Research Institutions, CSOs, POs (comprise ¼ of number of Local Development Council mandated to prepare local plans)

How they influence each other

They are mobilized to support CCA and DRRM according to existing laws

Barrier for collaboration

- If there are no incentives for business to comply with CC laws- If Climate Change is not considered as a priority for national urban policies

MAIN OPPORTUNITIES:STAKEHOLDERS

Main national level actors influencing urban development

The private sector driven by economic considerations and the government through urban development and land regulation

Climate change (adaptation and mitigation) can become more important in their agenda by using economic , environmental and social indicators

How could the national government support capacity development of localgovernment for climate change adaptation and mitigation?

Technical support on planning, training and resource linking for LDRRMCs other stakeholders

CLUP, CDP, LCCAP, LDRRMP and other comprehensive plan formulation can be purposely made inclusive, participative, consultative

- Facilitate City- to- City exchanges and sustained advocacy platforms

PRESENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES TO IMPLEMENT THE CCA-DRRM ENHANCED POLICIES AND GUIDELINES

CLUP Guidebooks 2013-2014 Ensures that zoning ordinances are resilient to climate changes and other

natural hazards Capacitating stakeholders on resilient planning Strengthen Institutional Arrangements : NGAs, academe, CSO Establish climate index insurance

Guidelines on Mainstreaming CCA-DRR in the Comprehensive Development PlansEnsures that Comprehensive Development Plans are climate and disaster risk sensitive

Guidelines on Mainstreaming CCA-DRR in Local Development Planning Defines set of general LGU actions to ensure that CCA-DRR is mainstreamed in

the entire local development planning systems and processes Strengthens Institutional Arrangements : NGAs, academe, CSO

PRESENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES TO IMPLEMENT THE CCA-DRRM ENHANCED POLICIES AND GUIDELINES

NUDHF Updating of the NUDHF to mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and managementCollaborative arrangements with concerned agencies and groups for the preparation and implementation of the framework.

Enhance hazard maps in uniform scales and completion of coverage for all LGUs Harmonization and production of 1:10,000 scale

multi-hazard maps by CSCAND Agencies Making available the hazard maps to LGUs

Enactment of National Land Use Act Inclusion of the CC agenda into the Habitat III Country Report and the New Urban Agenda with clear roles and accountabilities of local authorities

Current review of National Building Code (resilient housing, infrastructures- critical point facilities, lifelines, etc)

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

Activities that can be proposed in the countryPolicy “incentivizing” development and use of renewable energy technologies-Massive Information campaign on Joint Memorandum Circular on Hazard Zone Classification After Typhoon Haiyan (signed by DENR, DILG, DND, DBM, DOST)

- Scaling up of JMC on Hazard Zone Classification (for other LGUs)

- Capacity building at LGU level on analytics for evidence-based planning and decision-making (e.g. use and interpretation of hazard maps, climate data, trends, scenarios)

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

- Scaling up of performance-based awards and incentives by upgrading indicators to include climate integration (e.g. DILG’s Seal of Good Local Governance, Performance Challenge Fund, Bottom-up Budgeting Process, etc…)

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