Machine-to-Machine Communications - TUT + Nokia 31 GSM Connectivity Terminal + Nokia M2M ... •...
Transcript of Machine-to-Machine Communications - TUT + Nokia 31 GSM Connectivity Terminal + Nokia M2M ... •...
WhyM2Mfromhumanbeingpointofview?
– Tosaveusfromrepetitive,boringandtimeconsumingwork
– Tohelpusinreal-timeworkingonBig-Data– Tohaveanopportunitytoevolve!
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Machine-to-Machine(M2M)meansnohumaninterventionwhiledevicesarecommunicatingend-to-end.[Mischa Dohler]
WhatisM2M• Machine-To-Machine
– Machine – sensor/actuatorthatismonitoring/actuatinginuplink/downlink
– To – networktooperateend-to-endcommunication– Machine – devicethatisprocessinggatheredinformation
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• Originofterm“Machine-to-Machine”:– NokiaM2MPlatformFamily[2002]=NokiaM2MGatewaysoftware+Nokia31GSMConnectivityTerminal+NokiaM2MApplicationDevelop.Kit(ADK)
NetworksforM2M– Wired(Ethernet,optics,etc.)dedicatedcablingbetween sensor– gateway.• pros:veryreliable,veryhighrates,smalldelay,secure• cons:expensivetorollout,notscalable,nomobility.
– Wireless:• Capillary(WLAN,BLE,ZigBee,etc.)
– pros:cheap torollout,generallyscalable,lowpower– cons:shortrange,lowrates,weakersecurity,interference,
lackofuniversalinfrastructure/coverage.
• Cellular(3G,LTE,WiMax,etc)– pros:excellentcoverage,mobility,roaming,generally
secure,infrastructure– cons:expensive,notcheaptomaintain,notpower
efficient,delays.
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PopularDirections– BuildingAutomation– SmartGrids– IndustrialAutomation– SmartCity
• Generally:–Wirelesssensornetworks– Trafficflows–Wearablehealthmonitoring– Vehicularnetworks– Smartenergymeters– ..andsoon,andsoon.
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32© 2012 M. Dohler, D. Boswarthick, J. Alonso-Zárate
Smart City Technology Platform
Internet
Crowdsourcing
Sensor Streams
Improve Efficiency
Offer New ServicesSmart City Operating System
Power Applications
M2MinSmartCities
33© 2012 M. Dohler, D. Boswarthick, J. Alonso-Zárate
Wireless M2M Technologies
Low Cost
Low Energy
Low Env. Footprint
Mac
hine
-To-
Mac
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(M2M
) Sm
art C
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echn
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Capillary M2M
Cellular M2M
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WirelessinM2M
GeneralChallengesinM2M
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• Designforhugenumberofdevices• Reductionofcontrolsignaling• Optimizationforlowdatatransmissions• Costreduction• Congestioncontrolalgorithms(forcellular)• Loaddistribution/balancing• Security,e.g.,denialofservice• TrafficModels• etc..
AboutCapillaryM2M
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• Mostlyembeddeddesign,lowpower,lowcostdesign
• Short-rangecommunicationsystems• Powerconsumption• Tothisend:–M2Mwillbedominatedbyindustry-drivenstandardizedlow-powersolutions.
• IEEE802.11ahmaybeasolution
DesignforCapillaryM2M
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• Eachnodetypicallyconsistsofthesebasicelements:– Sensor– Radiochip– Microcontroller– Energysupply
• Targets:– Low– cost– Low– complexity– Small– size– Low– energy
• Problems:– Differentvendors(characteristics,inoperabilitybetweendevices)– Interference,fading– MACprotocolsweredesignedforhumans– Scalability
CellularM2M
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• LTE-A• Advantages:
– Capillarynetworksonlyprovidelocalcoverage– Usersarealreadyfamiliarwiththeinfrastructure– Easierconfiguration:suitableforshort-termdeployments– Cellularnetworksprovideubiquitous coverageandglobalconnectivitytoday
– MobilityandHigh-SpeedDataTransmission– Interferencecanbemanaged
• Challengesforoperators:– Human-to-humanexpectations– Newmarketrequiresnewwayofthinking– Highcostandapplicationscomplexity
NoveltiesforCellularM2M
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• Currentcellularsystemsaredesignedforhuman-to-human(H2H):– Notsomanyhuman users– Wetoleratedelayevenforvoiceconnections– Weliketodownload alot,mainlyhigh-bandwidth data– Weareoktorecharge ourmobilesdaily.
• Newparadigm:– EnormousnumberofM2Mnodes– Applicationsaredelay-intolerant (mainlycontrol)– Notraffic/mainly uplink– Nodesneedtooperateautonomously foralongtime– Automatedsecurityandtrustmechanisms.
LTELimitationsforM2M• Notefficientforsmalldatatransmission• Devicecostissues
– Scalablebandwidth– Datarate(overdesignedUEcategories)– Transmitpower(max.23dBm)– HalfDuplexoperation(sensorissimpledevice)– RFchainswith2antennas– Signalprocessingaccuracy
• Overloadissues- bignumberofdevices• Lowmobilitysupport• Fourreasons,whencapacityisnotrequired:
– Longevity(long-termdeployment ofinfrastructure)– PotentiallyLowerServiceCosts(comparedto2Gor3G)– Scalability(IPv6)– Superiorperformance (fordemandingM2Mapplications) 13
OptimizationPossibilitiesforM2M• Maybebasedonspecificscenariorequirement:– LowMobility– Reducereporting frequency– TimeControlled– TimeTolerant – Applications thatcandelaytransmissions
– SmallDataTransmissions– PriorityAlarmMessage– Maximumpriority foralarmtraffic
– SecureConnection– LocationSpecific Trigger– Location information fromoperators
– Infrequent transmission– etc.
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WiFi forsensors- IEEE802.11ah
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• IEEE802.11ahusecasestargetlowrate,longrangeapplications(metering,sensors,automation)
• Batteryoperateddevicesshould limitthepowerconsumptionby:– limitingthepackettransmissions– limitingtheawake/receivetime(forlowtransitpowerdevices,RXpowerconsumptionmaybecomparablewithTXpowerconsumption)
• Listeningforbeacons/trafficinformationmaps(TIM)framesconsumespower:– clockdriftduringlongsleeprequiresanearlywakeup– receptionofbeaconmayrequireseveralmilliseconds
GeneralConclusions
• ThenetworksforM2Mcommunicationsalreadyexistasamirrorfromhumanones,butthereisstillalottoimprovelike:– Delays– Powerconsumption(targetforM2M- years)– Deploymentandservicecosts(pureM2Mnetworkswouldbemuchmoreexpansible)
– Humantomachineinterfaces
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Lessonslearned• Challengesforcapillarycommunity:
– Reliability: despite license-exemptbands– Range: multihop/meshseemstobeamust– Delays:minimizeend-to-end delay– Standards: interoperability– Infrastructure:maintenance
• Challengesforcellularcommunity:– Nodes:managementofhugeamountssendingsmallpackets
– Rates:fairlylowandratheruplinkfromsmallpackets– Power: highefficiency– Delays: quickwakeupaftersleep– Application: tooperate notdisturbingcurrentnetworks.
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