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Subject : Microprocessors Architecture

Friday, August 22, 2014 Basic of Microprocessor Architecture 1

Types Of Computer

Evolution Of Microprocessors

Microprocessors 8086 Features

Architecture of 8086 .

Examination SchemeTheory: 50 MarksOnline: 50 MarksOral: 50 MarksTerm Work: 25 Marks

../SE Syllabus.pptx


Type of computer

Digital computer Analog computer Hybrid Computer

Micro ComputerMain frame

ComputerSuper Computer

Home PC

Mini Computer

Types of Computer

Fig 1 : Types Of Computers


Analog Computer Digital Computer

Measures and answer the questions by the

method of “HOW MUCH”.

Answer the questions by the method of

“HOW Many”.

Signals are continuous of (0 to 10 V) Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V)

Accuracy 1% Approximately Accuracy unlimited

.

High speed low speed sequential as well as parallel

processing

Output is continuous Output is continuous but obtain when

computation is completed

Time is wasted in transmission time No time wasted in transmission.

1.Micro Computer1. Micro computer are the smallest computer system.

2. There size range from calculator to desktop size.

3. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer.

4. Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.

Friday, August 22, 2014 4Basic of Microprocessor Architecture

1. These are also small general purpose system.

2. Generally more powerful and most useful as compared to micro computer.

3. Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer.

4. Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.

2. Mini Computer

Main Frame Computer

1. Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing

and grater storage area.

2. The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also known as

Father computer.

3. Application – Host computer, Central data base server.



Table 1: Evolution of Intel’s Microprocessors (From 8008 - 8088)

Fig 2 : Intel 8086 microprocessor

Microprocessors contain core essentials

Integrated circuit that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on

a single chip (Integrated Chip).

1. Memory unit

2. ALU

3. Control unit

4. Interrupt / Exception controller

5. Internal cache

Microprocessor


Basic Features of 8086

1. Intel 8086 was launched in 1978.

2. It was the first 16-bit microprocessor.

3. This microprocessor had major improvement over the execution speed of 8085.

4. It is available as 40-pin Dual-Inline-Package (DIP).

5. It is available in three versions:

a. 8086 (5 MHz)

b. 8086-2 (8 MHz)

c. 8086-1 (10 MHz)

6. It consists of 29,000 transistors.

7 16-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit & data bus .


Architectures Of 8086: • 8-bit designs

• 16-bit designs

• 32-bit designs

• 64-bit designs in personal computers

• Multicore designs

• RISC

• Special-purpose designs

- Microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors(DSP) & Graphics

Processing Units(GPU)



Microprocessor Microcontroller

CPU is stand alone, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer

are separate.

CPU, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer all are on

single chip.

Designer can decide amount of RAM,ROM,

& I/O ports.

Fixed amount of on-chip RAM,ROM, & I/O

ports.

High processing power Low processing power

High power consumption Low power consumption

Typically 32/64 bit 8/16 bit

General purpose Single purpose(control oriented)

Less reliable Highly reliable

Eg.- 8086,8085 8051

Fig 3 : Block diagram of Intel 8086


8086 Block Diagram


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