ISSN 0036-8075

25 M4ay 1984

Volume 224, No. 4651

LETTERs The New Refuseniks: C. Anfinsen et al.; Plutonium Policy: R. L. Ottinger; Field

Access: I. L. Horowitz; K. Prewitt.

EDITORIAL Defense R&D Priorities ...........................

ARTICLES The Formation of Stellar Systems from Interstellar Molecular Clouds:

R. D. Gehrz, D. C. Black, P. M. Solomon.................

Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein: Role in Transcription Activation:

B. de Crombrugghe, S. Busby, H. Buc ..................

Light-Regulated Expression of a Pea Ribulose-l1,5-Bisphosphate CarboxylaseSmall Subunit Gene in Transformed Plant Cells: R. Broge et al .

Expression Cloning of Human EGF Receptor Complementary DNA: Gene.

Amplification and Three Related Messenger RNA Products in A43 1 Cells:

C. R. Lin et al. . . . . ..

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

Tentative Agent Orange Settlement Reached.................................

Can Fish Quota Save the Whales? ..........................................

EPA Regulators Take on the Delaney Clause .................................

New Directions for TVA?..................................................

Judge Says Atom Tests Caused Cancer.......................................

Briefing: House Committee Bars Plutonium Transfers; Medical School DeanChosen to Head FDA; A "Death Knell" for Acid Rain Bill in 1984; SakharovHunger Strike Casts Doubt on NAS Plans; Obsolete Equipment; White HouseEnters Fray on DNA Regulation .......................................

NAS Elects New Members .................................................

Nuclear Squeeze at Lawrence Berkeley Lab ..................................

An Impact but No Volcano .................................................

More Progress on the T Cell Receptor.......................................

Man the Scavenger.......................................................

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BOOK REVIEWS The Very Early Universe, reviewed by A. P. Lightman; Lakes of the Warm Beltand Lake Chad, J. M. Melack; Springs of Scientific Creativity, R. G. Olson;The Deer Wars, A. R. E. Sinclair; Books Received ...... .................. 863

REPORTS Mineralogic Evidence for an Impact Event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary:B. F. Bohor et al. ...................................................... 867

Seismic Potential Revealed by Surface Folding: 1983 Coalinga, California,Earthquake: R. S. Stein and G. C. P. King ....... ........................ 869

Chrondrites: A Trace Fossil Indicator of Anoxia in Sediments: R. G. Bromleyand A. A. Ekdale ...................................................... 872

Inhibition of Plant Microtubule Polymerization in vitro by the Phosphoric AmideHerbicide Amiprophos-Methyl: L. C. Morejohn and D. E. Fosket ..... ...... 874

Estrogen Receptor Analysis by Flow Cytometry: N. T. Van et al. .............. 876

Vitamin D3-Resistant Fibroblasts Have Immunoassayable 1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD3 Receptors: J. W. Pike et al. ................. ........................ 879

The Str-uctural Gene for Tetanus Neurotoxin Is on a Plasmid:C. W. Finn, Jr., et al. ....... . ........................................... 881

Reactive Metabolites from the Bioactivation of Toxic Methylfurans:V. Ravindranath, L. T. Burka, M. R. Boyd ......... ...................... 884

Synthesis of Compounds with Properties of Leukotrienes C4 and D4 in GerbilBrains After Ischemia and Reperfusion: M. A. Moskowitz et al. ..... ....... 886

Synthetic Competitive Antagonists of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Effect onACTH Secretion in the Rat: J. Rivier, C. Rivier, W. Vale ..... ............. 889

Genetic Influences in Criminal Convictions: Evidence from an Adoption Cohort:S. A. Mednick, W. F. Gabrielli, Jr., B. Hutchings ...... ................... 891

Directional Specificity in the Regeneration of Lamprey Spinal Axons: H. S. Yin,S. A. Mackler, M. E. Selzer ............................................. 894

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Alters Adult Expression of Sexually DimorphicBehavior in the Rat: R. F. McGivern et al. ....... ....................... 896

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-Like Substance: The Potential Transmitter forCerebral Vasodilation: T. J-F. Lee, A. Saito, I. Berezin ...... .............. 898

Forebrain Lesions Disrupt Development But Not Maintenance of Song inPasserine Birds: S. W. Bottjer, E. A. Miesner, A. P. Arnold ..... ........... 901

Decreased Oxidation of Labeled Glucose by Dissociated Brain Cells in thePresence of Fetal Bovine Serum: J. T. Tildon and J. H. Stevenson ..... ..... 903

Technical Comments: Atmospheric Dispersion of Pesticide Vapors: AnalyticalMethods Questioned: B. B. Hicks et al.; D. D. Reible; D. E. Glotfelty,A. W. Taylor, W. H. Zoller ............ ................................. 905

COVER

False color infrared image produced bydisplaying 5-, 10-, and 20-micrometerimages on the blue, green, and red gunsof a cathode-ray tube showing a new-born star in the core of the W3 Molecu-lar Cloud. The shell-like structure isproduced as a luminous young centralstar, visible at 2 (white star), and dissi-pates its protostellar cocoon throughradiation and stellar wind pressure.The dark central hole indicates a low-density region swept clean by the stel-lar wind; reddening around the outsi4of the shell indicates cooler outlyingdust grains. The region is invisible tooptical telescopes. (North is at the top;east is to the left.) See page 823 [R. D.Gehrz, G. L. Grasdalen, and J. A. Hack-well, Wyoming Infrared Observatory]

25 May 1984, Volume 224, Number 4651

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SCIENCE

3nse R&D Prioritiesthe swollen and deficit-crippled federal budget for 1985 faces partisanling in the glare of election-year politics, the bargaining process bearsing. With proposed budget authority for the Department of Defense at-time high under the Reagan dispensation, consensus politics willnly lead to a significant cutback while a margin of real growth from theit year will be maintained.research and development component of the defense budget presents,iting target. After all, a 27 percent increase (in current dollars, to beon top of a comparable jump of 18 percent the year before, tends tontrate attention. It is politically convenient to make a cut where it isvexing to those who measure the adequacy of defense forces bying slots and equipments and who put a higher value on near-termless than on investments in quality. Research and development, in this view, with discretionary spending and far-out fantasies.at is missed in bundling the "R" together with the "D" in the Defenseers is the striking dominance of support for development and thesty of the allocations to research. The research (or 6.1) category, for?le, is budgeted for a shaky 2 percent real growth, while the provisionploratory development calls for a mere 1 percent. Taken together,two categories of investment represent what is termed "technologyeffort, yet they draw slim rations in an otherwise aggressive budgetsearch and development. It is a curious outcome in resource alloca-

at would seem to be happening is that within the Department ofse the respective services are allowed broad discretion in funnelingding requirements into stipulated budget ceilings, and the claimingouts hard requirements ahead of discretionary research. Yet, the rush)ceed with development while shortchanging the technology baseLs a trade-off decision that is fundamentally flawed. Nor can it beensated for by specialized "star wars" research or by the generousip of basic research support in the budget of the National Sciencelation. Every annual budget is spattered with contradictions, to bebut one would not expect an administration so compulsively orientedd enhancement of the national security to fail to protect investment inchnology base as the source of downstream assets.re troubling is the probable fate of the trivial increment for theDlogy base in the 1985 budget. As Congress lunges at formulas for.g deficits, the probability is that the defense budget will be handed antage cut. As this cut is applied throughout the national defenseon, research and development will absorb their share. But given thenics of the process, the development shopping list is likely to bered at the expense of the technology base, and, in the absence ofention from the top, the outcome will be depleted investment in theology base, a result that can only be termed imprudent and counter-vctive.with everything else in the federal budget, the size and the m(x of these budget is a political question. The growth of that budget and itsraining impact on other demands on insufficient resources invites:versy. Like most controversies, this one will be resolved by compro-The execution of the settlement also matters, however, and it is at thisof political action that the ox is gored. The coalitions that will spring toscue of military procurement and operational needs are unlikely toshort-term enhancements in order to spare investments in long-rangeigh-risk technology-base research, modest as the level of investmentbe. Under the circumstances, it is high time to bring the Defensece Board into the budget process.-WILLIAM D. CAREY7- KC O