Lowering Housing Development Costs Towards A More

Sustainable Housing Market:

Divergent Dwelling Design (D3) Experience

1

Ir. Dr Zuhairi Abd. Hamid, FAScChief Executive Officer of CREAM

Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM)

• Affordable housing in the past has never been

designed to last.

• Its aimed to provide short term solution for

maximum number of houses in the shortest

possible time-to meet urgent housing demand

Affordable Housing

ADEQUATE and AFFORDABLE HOUSINGis one of the main challenges faced by developing

countries like Malaysia which is heading towards the status of a high income nation.

This challenge requires an integrated solution that is through the combination of

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

(Source : NAPIC)

NO. OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY TRANSACTION

BASED ON PRICE RANGE

Considering the trend of property appreciation has shifted towards low end to middle-high-end, supply of affordable houses range RM200K to RM500k are expected to increased in the future.

(Source: MPC 2016)

FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA

In Malaysia, construction industries was recorded as the industry with

the lowest productivity level compared

to other industries

Comparison of Workers’ Productivity based on Sectors

Percentage of High-skilled & Low-skilled Foreign Workers in the Construction Sector

(Source: MPC 2016)

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Construction Agriculture Manufacturing Services^ Total

(Source: MOHA, EPU)

Percentage Comparison of Foreign Workers based on Sectors

FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA

Most construction companies in Malaysia are still inclined towards the recruitment of unskilled foreign labour who are willing to work in unfavourable conditions with lower pay.

CURRENT AFFORDABLE HOUSING CHALLENGES

• Rooms too hot• Kitchen space too

small and inefficient• 3rd bedroom often not

habitable• Insufficient

courtyard area

• Insufficient natural lighting

OCCUPANTS

* Source: survey conducted by University Putra Malaysia (UPM).

D3 stands for Divergent Dwelling Design which focuses on affordability,adaptability, quality and sustainability via a collaboration between Sime DarbyProperty and CREAM (research arm of CIDB).

Objectives:

Benefits:

• Improves standard of living without the penalty of high prices

• Improves livability with superior designs

• Improves construction speed with the use of Industrialized Building System (IBS)

• Improves site safety and lower labor dependency via off-site fabrication

• Reduces material wastage and preliminary cost through modularization

An innovative design and construction method to improve the quality of affordable homes that creates value on a massive scale.

To meet the affordable housing needs of the nation with quality homes

To adopt higher IBS content in line with the National Construction Industry Road Map to enhance construction time, quality and cost.

“A combined design and construction system that makes use of the prefabricationconstruction to produce a variety of housing design options that meet potential userrequirements not yet identified at the design stage, while retaining principal uniformity tofacilitate the execution of simple but accurate construction with a minimal initial cost”

VS

D3 mass housing

design

(900sqft)

Common mass housing

design

(900sqft)

KECEKAPAN RUANGNEW INNOVATION DESIGN CONCEPT

11

NEW INNOVATION DESIGN CONCEPT

12

NEW INNOVATION DESIGN CONCEPT

13

NEW INNOVATION DESIGN CONCEPT

“Fragmentation of dwelling into

independent design units that enable

mass production and mass

customisation”

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

15

From Craftsmanship to Manufacturing

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

16

Divergence Construction Methodology

The divergent nature of D3 allows each dwelling pods, such as bathroom, kitchen and wall partition, to be built, altered and renewed independent of others. The detailing of the pods was based on criteria of rapid assembly process; the use of repetitive units and guarantee quality through precision.

CONSTRUCTION EFFICIENCY

6

IBS COMPONENT

COMPONENT 1Cast In Situ Shear WallSize : 250 mm thick

COMPONENT 2Precast ColumnSize : 450 Mm X 1100 Mm

COMPONENT 3Precast BeamSize : 250 X 550 Mm

COMPONENT 4Precast Plank SlabSize : 150 X 1200 X 6500 Mm

COMPONENT 6Precast Acotect WallSize : 100 mm Thick

COMPONENT 8Prefab Toilet / Bath UnitSize : 1550 X 1950 X 2350 MmQuantity : 2 Nos.

NON-IBS COMPONENT

COMPONENT 5Prefab Aluminium Sliding Door Adj. LouversSize : 1600 X 2100 mm

COMPONENT 7Ceramic Floor TilesSize : 400 X 400 mm

COMPONENT 9Prefab Ms RailingSize : 1200 mm AFFL

COMPONENT 10Plumbing and M&E

KECEKAPAN PEMBINAAN

6

1

32

7

4

9

8

5

CONSTRUCTION EFFICIENCY

18

PREFABRICATED TOILET POD

19

Ceiling, Wall and Floor are made of SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound) material

PREFABRICATED TOILET POD

20

IBS Structure System - 38 points

• Precut metal roof truss• PC column, beam and slab• In-situ column, beam and slab

with reusable system formwork

D3 RSKU IBS SCORE

IBS Wall System - 13 points

• Dry Wall System• In-situ concrete with reusable

system formwork

Other IBS System - 28 points

• Utilisation of standardized components based on MS 1064

• Repetition of structural Layout

Total IBS Score:

79 points

IBS SCORE

21

Recessed external wall

Cross ventilation Urban farming

Wall set back

Indoor-outdoor living

Natural lighting

• Reduce interior temperature• Maximise airflow rate• Provide protection from sunlight

and rain.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY – PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGY

Recessed external

wall

Urban farmingCross

ventilation

Indoor-outdoor

living

ENERGY EFFICIENCY – PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGY

MOA SIGNING CEREMONY on 26 JANUARY 2017

24

MOA SIGNING CEREMONY on 26 JANUARY 2017

Tajaan R&D

26

PROTOTYPE & PILOT PROJECT SITE LOCATION

KEY PLAN

D3(Lot 52051)• Prototype Gallery

cum Project Site Office

• 0.53ac

RSKU (EG2)• Apartment 562 units• 7.33ac

To study energy efficiency functions of D3 design

To study customer feedback towards D3 design

To study customer feedback on the usage of construction materials and IBS building techniques

To materialise and commercialiseD3SH research into reality

PROTOTYPE

Township : Elmina West

Lot No. : PT 54367

Area : 7.33 acre

No. of unit : 562 units ; 76.6 unit/acre

Density : 79% Residential (5.78 acre)

Landuse : 21% Commercial (1.54 acre)

Total GFA : 763.307 sqft

D3 Pilot Project

Type C – 900 sqft98 units

Type D – 1000 sqft464 units

PILOT PROJECT

30

RSKU(EG2)Apartments 562 Units

7.33ac

RSKU TYPE C & D allow direct cost comparison with SDP’s existing D&B BBR 17A RSKU

contract

NEAR TO AMENITIES -schools & linkage to existing

Saujana Utama neighbourhood

CORNER PLOT OFFERING

OPTIMUM VIEW EXPOSURE

LOCATED ON NEUTRAL SITE without close proximity to

sewerage plant or HT elec tower

TO SAUJANA UTAMA

SITE CONTEXT

31

BLOCKA

BLOCK B

BLOCKC

MULTILEVEL CARPARK

SH

OPLO

TS

SURAU MPH

JALAN

CASU

ARIN

A

SITE PLAN

32

TYPICAL FLOOR LAYOUT

Typical Floor Plan – Block B – 10 units = 9JD + 1JC

Typical Floor Plan – Block A & C – 10 units = 8JD + 21JC

33

NORTH ELEVATION

PODIUM (SIDE)TOWER C (SIDE)

34

SECTION - BLOCK A

35

SECTION - BLOCK B

36

SECTION - BLOCK C

37

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Shadow analysis Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis

Daylight Factor analysis

38

39

40

41

3D PERSPECTIVE

42

3D PERSPECTIVE

43

3D PERSPECTIVE

44

3D PERSPECTIVE