Low-GWP Technology: The Next Generation
Transcript of Low-GWP Technology: The Next Generation
Global Fluorocarbon Producers Forum
Low-GWP Technology: The Next Generation
Wednesday 12th
July
1pm to 3 pm
Meeting Room A
We invite you to join us at this side event which will examine the characteristics of low-GWP
alternatives that can meet the goals of the Kigali Amendment. Speakers will consider criteria such as
global warming potential, energy efficiency, system cost, regulatory standards constraints, and safety
• Peter Sleigh, Mexichem
• Yong Song Yang, Arkema
• Greg Picker, Refrigerants Australia & AREMA
• Mark Stanga, Daikin
• Mike Thompson, Ingersoll Rand
• Dave Stirpe, Honeywell
• Suwimon Thamthanarauk, Chemours
GFPF and Cefic decline all liability (direct or indirect) for these charts, their use and consequences whatsoever. This information has been completed in good faith and is believed to be the latest available.
*This table includes only commercial products intended for use in RAC and foam blowing applications
Commercially
available products
by category
Chemical Source Toxicity Flammability ASHRAE
CATEGORY GWP ODP
HFCs, single
component or
blends
simple organic
molecules
containing carbon,
hydrogen and
fluorine
Chemical synthesis
and blending
Generally low
toxicity
*(see footnote 2)
nonflammable to
mildly flammable
A1 or A2L
*(see footnotes 1 &
2)
HFCs used
commercially in
non-specialty
applications can
have GWP of up to
4000
negligible or none
HFOs
Generally heavier
simple organic
molecules
containing carbon,
hydrogen and
fluorine, some
HFOs also contain
chlorine
Chemical synthesis Low toxicity nonflammable to
mildly flammable A1 or A2L <10 negligible or none
HFC/HFO blends
mixture of HFCs
and HFOs in
various proportions
Chemical synthesis
and blending low toxicity
nonflammable to
mildly flammable A1 or A2L
Generally
significantly lower
than HFCs for the
same application
negligible or none
Hydrocarbons
simple organic
molecules
containing carbon
and hydrogen only
Hydrocracking,
petrochemical
distillation
Low toxicity
highly flammable,
can lead to
explosion
A3 <10 negligible or none
Ammonia
inorganic molecule
containing nitrogen
and hydrogen
Chemical synthesis high toxicity mildly flammable B2 0 negligible or none
CO2
organic molecule
containing carbon
and oxygen only
Various Industrial
Processes Low toxicity not flammable A1 1 negligible or none
* footnote 1 HFCs are either nonflammable (ASHRAE Category 1) or mildly flammable (ASHRAE 2L). The only exception is HFC-152a, which is ASHRAE Category 2
* footnote 2 Most commercially used HFCs have low toxicity (ASHRAE Category A), with the exception of HFC-245fa (ASHRAE Category B)
Sector in Cold Chain Picture of System Current
Refrigerants
AR4
GWP
Next Generation Zero
ODP Alternatives Safety System Cost
Energy
Efficiency GWP
Commercial Refrigeration
Low Temp
Standalone
R-404A 3922
High GWP HFC
HC
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
R-134a 1430 HFO
CO2
Ammonia
Condensing Unit
R-404A 3922
High GWP HFC
HC
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
CO2
ammonia
Centralized Systems
R-404A 3922
High GWP HFC
HC (SL only)
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO (1234 - SL)
CO2
ammonia (SL only)
Road Vehicles,
Containers, Ships
R-404A 3922 High GWP HFC
HC
R-134a 1430
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
CO2
ammonia
Small Self-Contained Air Conditioning
Portable,
Window, Through
Wall
R-410A 2088 High GWP HFC
HC
R-407C 1774
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
CO2
HCFC-22 1810 ammonia
GFPF and Cefic decline all liability (direct or indirect) for these charts, their use and consequences whatsoever. This information has been completed in good faith and is believed to be the latest available.
Sector in Cold Chain Picture of System Current
Refrigerants
AR4
GWP
Next Generation Zero
ODP Alternatives Safety System Cost
Energy
Efficiency GWP
Small Split Air Conditioning
Small Split AC
R-410A 2088 High GWP HFC
HC
R-407C 1774
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
CO2
HCFC-22 1810 ammonia
Large Air Conditioning (Air-to-Air)
Large Single Splits
and Multisplits
R-410A 2088 High GWP HFC
HC
R-407C 1774
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFO blends
HFO
HCFC-22 1810 CO2
ammonia
VRF Systems
R-410A 2088 High GWP HFC
HC
R-407C 1774
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
HCFC-22 1810 CO2
ammonia
Ducted and
Packaged Rooftops
R-410A 2088 High GWP HFC
HC
R-407C 1774
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
HCFC -22 1810 CO2
ammonia
Water Chillers for Air Conditioning
Small/Medium
sized chillers
R-410A 2088 High GWP HFC
HC
R-407C 1774
Lower GWP HFCs and
HFC/HFO blends
HFO
HCFC -22 1810 CO2
ammonia
Large Chillers
R-134a 1430 High GWP HFC
HC
HCFC-123 77
Lower GWP HFCs or
blends
HFO
CO2
ammonia
Australia as a Guinea Pig:
the introduction of R32GREG PICKER
REFRIGERANTS AUSTRALIA AND AREMA
Why Australia?
! Technician Licencing
! Capacity to roll out training
nationally
! Ability to get everyone in a
single room
Challenges in introducing R32
! Standards
! Tanks and Valves
! Supply across a big country
! Recovery of a flammable refrigerant
Australian Market Penetration of R32
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2015 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016
Residential A/C Units imported
R410a Units R32 Units Linear (R410a Units) Linear (R32 Units)
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2015 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016
Total Charge from residential A/C imported
R410a kg R32 Kg Linear (R410a kg) Linear (R32 Kg)
“Safe” is defined in ISO Guide 51
Freedom from risk which is not tolerable
!"#$%&'#$(%)*+*(),(-&.&,(/0),)*1%2("3(45","627(!%&8$(&,8(
9,8:*1%2(;04!9<=(1. Chemical factory: 1/100K [accident/year site]
2. Car: 1/10M [accident/year unit]
3. Home appliance: 1/100M [accident/year unit] for every 1M units on
the market
Concept of Tolerable Risk
About 1 accident per 100 years
! Daikin assesses four basic factors when making the best balanced refrigerant choice for each application g pp
Application Cooling Capacity
[kW]
Charge size [kg]
Ignition
probability when
used in room [No measures,
Number/AC/year]
Risk during operation
Regulation GWP ban
Result
2.2 8 0.5 2
3.9×10-15
residential
room・
No mechanical
ventilation)
Acceptable (Need a measure for floor standing indoor
unit
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"#
!$%& '() !
*)+,
3.6 28 3 19
4.2×10-12
Office・
No mechanical
ventilation
Acceptable Need a measure for
floor standing indoor
unit and outdoor unit
installed at narrow space
!!!!!
"#
!!!!!!!$%& '() !
*)*)
More than
above
More than
above
7.6×10-13
Office・
No mechanical
ventilation
Acceptable Need a measure for
floor standing indoor
unit and outdoor unit
installed at narrow space
-./!0# !!!!!!
"#
!!123.4!
5#2/63.478#2 !
14 150 5 88
7.6×10-9
Office・
No ventilation
during night time
Need a measure
according to charge size. room size)
! !!!!!
9.:7;.3!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!123.4!
5#2/63.478#2
8 1400 1 7000 6.2×10-5
Machine room/no
ventilation
Need a
regulatory
requirement
Upon equipment
capacity
!!!!!
9.:7;.3!
!!123.4!
5#2/63.478#2
Residential
VRF
Light commercial
Water source chiller
JP: 8 companies
JP: 2 companiesJP: 3 companies CN: 1 company
JP: 3 companies JP: 4 companies CN: 1 company EU: 1 company
JP: 4 companies CN: 1 company EU: 2 companies
JP: 3 companies TH: 2 companies KR: 1 company CN: 1 company US: 1 company
JP: 1 company
JP: 2 companies Phil: 1 company
JP: 1 company
JP: 1 company
Europe
Russia
Japan
Australia/New ZealandIndonesia
Thailand
Philippines
VietnamIndia
Saudi/UAE/Oman
TurkeyUSA
KR: 1 company (Window) US: 1 company (Window) JP: 1 company (PTAC)
MalaysiaJP: 1 company
SingaporeJP: 1 company
TaiwanJP: 2 company TW: 1 company
* In the case of 1.3kg (including extra charging at installation) of refrigerant charge. Refrigerant charge volume reduction and
improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered.
* Based on press releases or catalog information
! Daikin sold about 10 million units in over 50 countries
! About 27 million R32 RAC units have been sold worldwide
! More than 47 million* tons of CO2 have been reduced by R32(Daikin’s estimate as of April 2017)
Canada
Mexico
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF TRANE & Ingersoll-RandAll slides contained within this presentation are property of Trane and cannot be used without explicit consent from Trane.
Mike ThompsonDirector of Refrigerant ApplicationsIngersoll-Rand
Mike ThompsonDirector of Refrigerant ApplicationsIngersoll-Rand
With
ch
oic
es n
ow
ava
ilab
le…
HV
AC
In
du
stry
Ne
xt T
ran
sitio
n B
eg
ins…
Pa
stF
utu
reP
rese
nt
High P
ressureM
edium P
ressureLow
Pressure
Efficiency (COP)Global Warming Potential (CO2=1.0)
GWP Values are per AR5 of the 2013 UN climate reportBV represents “Burning Velocity” of 2L refrigerants range from 0-10 cm/sec.
R-11
R-123
R-12
R-245fa
R-1233zd
R-514A
R-134a
R-513A
R-1234yf
R-1234ze
R-22
R-410A
R-32
R-452B
2L
BV
3.0
2L
BV
1.5
2L
BV
0.0
2L
BV
6.7
More choices emerging…
More choices emerging…
More choices emerging…
Larg
e Ton
nag
e C
entrifu
gal C
hillers
Larg
e Cen
trifug
al M
ediu
m S
crew C
hillers
Un
itary/RA
CR
esiden
tial
Areas to Exceed Current Efficiencies
- Scroll compressors (Unitary/RAC)
- Moving from R-410A to R-452B or R-32 will result in a 3-4% efficiency improvement
- Screw compressors (Air and water cooled chillers)
- Moving from R-134a to R-1234ze will result in no loss in energy efficiency
- Centrifugal Compressors (Large tonnage water cooled chillers)
- Moving from R-134a to R-1233zd or R-514A will result in a 7-10% efficiency improvement
Smart technology transitions will result in efficiency improvementsSmart technology transitions will result in efficiency improvements
Refrigerant Choices & ComparisonScrew & Centrifugal Technology Options
Chiller efficiency impacted by refrigerant choiceChiller efficiency impacted by refrigerant choice
Solstice™ LBA and GBA: Sustainable Solutions for Foam Applications
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS for FOAM APPLICATIONS
Solstice™
LBAGWP = 1
Non-ODP
VOC-Exempt
Non-Flammable
Solstice™
GBAGWP < 1
Non-ODP
VOC-Exempt
Non-Flammable
Replaces:
245fa, 365mfc,
141b, HC
Replaces:
22, 142b, HC,
141b, 134a
152a, CO2
Refrigerator / Freezer
Spray Foam
Insulated Metal Panels, Reefers
Extruded Polystyrene
One Component Foam
Froth Foam
3210
21
16
2825
3419
26
2423
17
2 43
22
296
40145
34 36
38 37 39
1
20
7
8
9
13
33
11 12
3027
15
31 18