Long-term unemployment in the Podlaskie voivodeship Main results.

Long-term unemployment in the Podlaskie voivodeship

Main results

Project aims and assumptions

• Analysis of the situation of the long-term unemployed people in the Podlaskie,

• Determining main barriers faced by long-term unemployed people on their way back into the labor market in the Podlaskie,

• Analysis of pubic policies taken to activate long-term unemployed people in the Podlaskie,

• Determining the possibilities of activation of long-term unemployed people in the Podlaskie.

This study was conducted for the project "Social Policy Observatory Podlasie", cofinanced under the Operational Programme Human Capital 2007-2013.

project aims

Research methodology

• Review of available literature• Definitions, measurement methods for unemployment• Long-term unemployment in the other researches• The legal situation of long-term unemployed people

• Podlaskie voivodship labor market in the public statistics • Supply and demand in the regional labor market• Long-term unemployment in the PUPs’ statistics - broken down by gender, age,

education and seniority

• Instytutional view on the situation of long-term unemployment people

• Programs for the activation of long-term unemployed people • The long-term unemployed and their experiences

• Social and professional situation of long-term unemployed• Attitudes and values• Occupational history of long-term unemployed• Cooperation with authorities• Assessment of employability

N=1000

8 IDI

12 IDI

Desk research

Theoretical background

Quantitative research

Qualitative research

Theoretical backgroundLONGER UNEMPLOYMENT

DECREASE IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS BEING

OUTDATED

LOWER MOTIVATION FOR JOB SEEKING. WORSENING MENTAL

CONDITION

LOWER CHANCES

FOR FINDING A JOB

• Hypothesis about decrease in capitals.

• Focusing not only at unemployed person, but also her family and friends.

FALL DOWNSPIRAL

Presentation plan1. Main information about the job market in the Podlaskie2. Basic demographic information about the group long-

term unemployed people 3. Long-term unemployment: the essence of the problem4. The financial situation and economic strategies of the

unemployed5. Social environment and social capital of respondents6. Psychological consequences of long-term unemployment7. Back to the job market - looking for a work and lifelong

learning

Labor market in podlaskie voivodeship

• Low, on the background of the country, indicators of the level of development of entrepreneurship in the region.

• Dominant industries: trade and repairs, construction and manufacturing. Overrepresented industries - agriculture, forestry, hunting and public sector.

• The proportion of economically active population: 73%.

• The relatively low level of education of the population.

• Percentage of people aged 25-64 undertaking continuing education: 5.2%.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

26.4%16.1%

8.1%

29.7%

30.4%

16.8%

8.2%

14.3%

11.9%

23.9% 26.8%

13.4%

11.9% 12.5%

49.9%

Primary education or lowerVocational educationSecondary educationPost-secondary, secondary vocationalHigher education

Unemployment in Podlaskie

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

16.1% 15.6% 13.3%10.4% 9.7%

12.8% 13.2%

RE

GIS

TE

RE

D

UN

EM

PL

OY

ME

NT

R

AT

E

1 year 2 years

Continuous long-term unemployment

Multiple long-term unemployment

The long-term unemployed person is a person who is in the official records in total for more than 12 months in the past 2 years, excluding periods of apprenticeship and vocational training of adults.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 czerwiec 2011

64% 62%

51%

43%

51%55%% of long-term

unemployed people within all unemployed

June 2011

LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS

2006 2007 2008 2009 201040%45%50%55%60%

55% 56% 55%51% 49%

The proportion of women among long-term unemployed, the period 2006-2010 (Podlaskie province)

Source: WUP

Source: Powiatowe Urzędy Pracy, 2011

The age structure of population in the Podlaskie province in 2011:Podlaskieregion

Unemployedpeople

Long-term unemployedpeople

(men)

Number of children in the households of long-term unemployed by respondents’ gender in 2011 (Podlaskie province):


Marital status of long-term unemployed by gender in 2011 (podlaskie province):

0 1 2 3 4 5 More than 6

84.4%

6.6% 5.1% 2.5% 0.9% 0.4% 0.2%

46.9%

20.7% 17.6% 8.8%3.3% 1.5% 1.1%

Men Women

Women

Men

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

56.9%

35.9%

25.6%

42.3%

4.0%

10.3%

10.2%

9.9%

2.7%

MarriedMiss / bachelorSingleDivorcedSeparatedWidowed

The health status of long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie province:

Source: Gallup survey, 2011

N=75

N=210

N=230

N=160

N=460

N=375

N=1000

25-44 years

up to 24 yearsat least 45 years

Long-term unemployed women

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

38%

26%

6%

35%

24%

8%

20%

52%

52%

31%

52%

57%

34%

46%

6%

16%

34%

11%

15%

35%

22%

3%

6%

24%

2%

4%

21%

11%

0%

0%

4%

0%

0%

2%

1%

0%

0%

1%

0%

0%

0%

0%

2%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Very good Good Satisfying BadVery bad Difficult to say Refused

The education level of unemployed and long-term unemployed in 2011 (Podlaskie province):


Primary education or lower

Vocational education Secondary schools Post-secondary education

Higher education

33.0%

26.6%

10.6%

21.3%

8.5%

22.9% 21.9%

14.9%

24.1%

16.2%

Long-term unemployed Other unemployed

LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT: THE ESSENCE OF THE PROBLEM

The number of former employers of long-term unemployed:

Form of employment with last employer:

gray zone

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and more

Difficult to say

14%17%

15% 15%12%

9%5%

2% 4%6%

1%

27%

49%

11%

7% 7%

The employment contract of indefinite durationAn employment contract for a speci-fied periodA specific-task contractOral agreement with the employerOther

Source: Gallup survey 2011

up to 24 years 25 - 44 years at least 45 years

61%

38%

31%

23% 24%

18%

2%

14%

24%

5%7%

10%

Completion of work on fixed-term

Resignation for personal reasons

Removal of the plant or the workplace

Dismissal by the employer for other reasons

Common causes of cessation of work - in the age groups of long – term unemployed (Podlaskie):


Industries for the last place of work - by gender of workers:

Men

Women

23%

22%

14%

23%

30%

1%

10%

27%

3%

12%

5%

1%

4%

2%

1%

5%

Manufacturing and IndustryOther services for citizens and businessesConstructionCommercePublic administrationTransportAgriculture, forestryEducation and health care

N=839


Factors prolonging the period of unemployment

Months Factors shortening the period of unemployment

Months

Assisting neighbors +10 Useof neighborhood support

-13

Basic educational level +13 Sharing a household with people who are working

-7

Age 44 + (men) +11 Active seeking for a job -7

Age 44 + (women) +13 Higher education -10

The reasons for the resignation of job search given by respondents:

Perceived causes of difficulties in finding a job:

Generally there is no wor...

Lack of a "good contacts"

Health problems

No specific skills

There is no work worthy o...

Lack of work offers in acc...

I have to look after som...

My education is too low

No possibilities to comm...

There is only seasonal wo...

Other

58%

22%17%15%13%13%12%10%8%1%

12%

N=1000

Child/elderly care

Health condi-tion

Family re-sponsibilities

Unofficial work (grey zone)

In education Pregnancy Other causes

30%18%

10% 10% 8% 3%20%


LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE THE FINANCIAL SITUATION AND ECONOMIC STRATEGIES

233 PLN per person

378 PLN per person

612 PLN per person

806 PLN per personAverage

income

The financial situation of long-term unemployed (Podlaskie):

below the subsistence minimum– 52%

Equipment of the households of long-term unemployed (Podlaskie):

Dependent variable: household income per person (PLN)

B

Age -5,093*

Number of people in the househod

-64,440*

Number of working people in the househod

130,852*

Number of unemployed people in the househod (not counting respondent)

-56,615*

Farmer’s household 77,689*


Landline phone

Cable TV Internet access

Cellular phone

Car0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

40%

59% 60%

92%

55%

13% 39% 40% 7%1%

We live very poorly

We live modestly

We live on average

We live well

We live very well

augustowski

białostocki

bielski

grajewski

hajnowski

koleński

łomyżyński

moniecki

sejneński

siemiatycki

sokólski

suwalski

wysokom

azo...

zambrow

ski

Ogółem

woj....

59% 52% 62% 70%80%

61% 62% 48% 57% 53%

92%

50% 74% 71% 63%

% on long-term unemployed replies: "Yes, it happens very often to the unemployed to work in, so called, grey zone" (Podlaskie province, 2011)

51%

28%

8%6%7%

Because they can not find another

Because they can earn more unof-ficialy

Because it is convenient to them

Because money earned this way won't be taken by debt collector

Other

Why do the people work in, so called, grey zone?


Emigration experience

augustowski

białostocki

bielski

grajewski

hajnowski

koleński

łomyżyński

moniecki

sejneński

siemiatycki

sokólski

suwalski

wysokom

azowi...

zambrow

ski

21%30%

15% 19% 22%41% 34%

25% 28%14%

28% 32% 31% 30%

Women

Men

up to 24 y...

25 - 44 y...

at least 45...Long-term unemployed

22%

31%

17%

31%

25%


Emigration plans of long-term unemployed people


N=515

N=485

N=162

N=462

N=378

N=1000

Women

25 - 44 years

Total

Long-term unemployed

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

10%

4%

10%

8%

5%

7%

15%

10%

17%

15%

7%

12%

17%

13%

22%

14%

14%

16%

58%

72%

50%

62%

73%

65%

Yes, and I intend in future to seek a job abroad

Yes, if I got such proposal, but I'm not seeking for a job abroad

No, I'm not interested in working abroad

I am currently working abroad

Men

Women


0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

52%

22%

27%

10%

4%

2%

1%

1%

17%

8%

13%

18%

1%5%

3%

1%

1%

Sales of meals, confectioneryGrowing of vegetables, fruits or flowersCross-border tradeGathering mushrooms, berries for saleSale of waste paper, scrapDonating things under lienStreet trading, in the bazaarHelping on the farmThe supply of small services

Alternative sources of income for long-term unemployed people


LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL OF RESPONDENTS

The composition of the long-term unemployed household :


N=434

N=453MenWomen

Households of long-term unemployed people

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

44%

35%

32%

50%

16%

11%

8%

4%

Nobody works One person works Two people working More than 3 people working

N=86

N=251

N=148

25-44 years


0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

12%

15%

29%

50%

53%

32%

37%

29%

25%13%

One person household Two people in the householdFrom three to four people in the household More than 5 persons in the household


the longer a person remains unemployed, the smaller the share of people working in the network of her friends

(r=-.109; p<.005)

N=515

N=485

men

women


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

30%

30%

28%

27%

19%

26%

6%

5%

14.6%

8.3%3.7%

1 person 2 people 3 people4 people 5 people More than 6 people

From big citiesFrom small citiesFrom rural areas

Friends networks of long-term unemloyed

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%63%

54%57%

18%24%19%

19%22%23%

Economically active - unemployed peopleEconomically active - working peopleEconomically non-active people

Friends of long-term unemployed people:

Economical status of friends of long-employed people

10%

11%

14%

9%

2%

4%

Helping Using help

Use and provision of assistance by the long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie province:

Work at farm

Cooking, shopping, cleaning and other housework

Home repairs and renovations (eg, installation, appliances, home, car, etc.)

Childcare / children

Care for the sick or elderly

Running errands in the offices

31%

24%

24%

16%

12%

10%


LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT

Very often Often Rarely Almost never

You felt miserable, you were depressed.Negative attitude to life, depression

A positive attitude to life

You were sure that everything is going well. A positive attitude to lifeNegative attitude to life, depression

You felt discouraged, bored. Negative attitude to life, depression


You were happy, because something was successful in your life.

A positive attitude to lifeNegative attitude to life, depression

You felt that you have no influnece on what happens in your life.

Negative attitude to life, depression


You were especially interested or exited by something

A positive attitude to lifeNegative attitude to life, depression

DEPRESSION SCALE

CONDITIONS OF RESPONDENTS’MENTAL FITNESS

CORRELATION ANALYSISBoth periods of unemployment, as well as the number of registrations as unemployed are positively correlated (r =. 112, p <001, r =. 088, p <.05) with the respondent’s level of depression.REGRESSION ANALYSISDepression mainly affects older long-term unemployed people living in rural areas. While controlled for a number of variables(age, gender, income, number of friends) , the importance of the period of unemployment and the number of registrations is negligible, these two factors do not pass statistical significance tests.THAT MEANSThe vulnerability of long-term unemployed to the negative psychological consequences of this phenomenon depends on the individual characteristics of these individuals.


Attitude towards life among long-term

unemployed (in Podlaskie regions)

augustowski

białostocki

bielski

grajewski

hajnowski

koleński

łomyżyński

moniecki

sejneński

siemiatycki

sokólski

suwalski

wysokomazowiecki

zambrowski

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100%

21%

23%

15%

33%

30%

16%

5%

19%

16%

11%

18%

24%

7%

7%

42%

51%

47%

54%

31%

57%

32%

43%

33%

85%

64%

55%

60%

23%

36%

27%

37%

13%

39%

27%

63%

38%

51%

3%

17%

21%

32%

70%

Negative attitude towards to life Neutral attitude towards lifePositive attitude towards life


good pay

not too much pressure

good job security

a respected job

good hours

an opportunity to use initiative

generous holidays

that you can achieve something

a responsible job

a job that is interesting

a job that meets one´s abilities

pleasant people to work with

good chances for promotion

a useful job for society

meeting people

learning new skills

family friendly

have a say

people treated equally

94%

70%79%

0%

54%48%

41%

67%

53%

76%64%

73%

0%

37%

52% 57% 56%

43%

71%

93%

49%56%

34% 31%

14% 12%

29%

14%

39%

20%

49%

19%8%

25% 30%

13%6%

45%

General Population(EVS PL 2008) Long-term unemployed in Podlaskie

What is important at work? (opinions of long-term unemployed)


Qualifications which long-term unemployed in Podlaskie:

Driving license category B

Current book SANEPID

Certificate of computer skills...

Driving license of higher cate...

Power to carry trucks

Qualifications in massage, ph...

Qualifications for the cosmet...

Specialized power to transpor...

Bartending qualifications

Permission to use other techn...

Welding qualifications

Energetic permissions E or D ...

46%

14%

2%5%3%2%2%1%1%1%3%1%

25%25%

32%

22%21%18%18%18%17%15%13%

10%

HaveDon't have, but would like to possess

N=1000

14 and less 15 - 21 (N=138)

22 - 28 (N=165)

29 - 60 (N=177)

61 and more

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

18% 7% 13% 4% 6%

36% 45% 32%32% 20%

41% 46% 50% 59% 69% little chancemedium chancebig chances

Self-assessment of chances of finding a work:

Perception of barriers in finding a job:


Unemployment length(months)

Generally there is...

Lack of a "good co...

Health problems

No specific skills

There is no work w...

Lack of work offers...

I have to look aft...

My education is to...

No possibilities t...

There is only seas...

Other

Trudno powiedzieć

57%

22%19%15%13%11%10%10%8%5%12%

1%

LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED IN PODLASKIE BACK TO THE JOB MARKET - LOOKING FOR A WORK AND LIFELONG LEARNING

up to 24 years 25 - 44 years at least 45 years

33%

40%

28%

15%

24%

36%

29%

21%24%

8% 7% 5%7%

3%0%

Relatives and friends

Direct application

District Labour Office

Advertisements in news-papers

Internet

The methods used to seek employment in last job:


Manufacturing and industry

Commerce Construction Other services for citizens

and businesses

Public administra-tion

35% 37%

50%38%

22%34%

24% 25% 25% 20%19% 16%10%

27%

42%

7% 10% 9%3% 2%6% 3% 2%

10%

Relatives and friends Direct application District Labour Office Advertisements in newspapers Internet

18-24 (N=75) 25-44 (N=210)

45+ (N=230) 18-24 (N=86) 25-44 (N=251)

45+ (N=148)

79%

41%

11%

90%

67%

19%

MEN WOMEN

The interest in raising own qualifications among long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie region:



Skills which long-term unemployed in Podlaskie:

DEFICITS

Com

Eng

Rus

Coo

OpeKno

Tra

Adm

Sma

Hyd

Sew

Car

Hai

Con

Mai

49%

29%

52%

30%

12%15%

12%11%

17%12%13%12%

5%

12%14%

29%

39%

14%

21%

38%33%33%

30%

11%15%14%14%

19%

11%7%

Have Don't have, but would like to learn

Perception of barriers in participation in courses and training – opinions by long-term unemployed in the Podlaskie province:


MEN WOMEN

18-24 (N=69) 25-44 (N=182)

45 + (N=124) 18-24 (N=78) 25-44 (N=230)

45 + (N=92)

55%48%

42% 43% 44% 46%

33% 31%36%

42%36%

24%

6% 5% 2%10% 10%

5%10% 7% 4% 4% 5% 5%

I do not see any obstacles Such courses, training is too expensive for me

I have too little time for courses and training I do not know where to look for such courses

18-24 (N=65)

25-44 (N=184)

45+ (N=186)

18-24 (N=72)

25-44 (N=208)

45+ (N=124)

22% 18%8% 11% 7% 2%

59%

42%

19%

47%39%

13%

19%

38%

70%

39%49%

82%

Low chancesMedium chancesBig chances

Self-assessment of chances of finding a work among long-term unemployed:


MEN WOMEN

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Long-term unemployment in the Podlaskie voivodeship Main results.

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