1. Northern Ireland

2. NORTHERN IRELAND The population is composed of Protestants and Catholics. 900 000 Protestants and 680 000 Catholics. 3. Northern Irish people 4. History England brought Ireland under systematic rule in thesixteenth century. English and Scottish Protestant settlers took the best land. The English tried to destroy Irish language, culture andCatholisism. 5. Independence Inspired by the American and French revolutions, the Irishbegan their long struggle to be free. The Irish got finally their independence in 1921. Ulster, a province of Ireland that would later becomeNorthern Ireland, did not get freedom. Britain had big political and economic interests there. 6. Ulster London allowed the Northern Irish to govern themselves. Northern Ireland became controlled by the Protestants. The Protestants excluded the Catholics for political power. They discriminated against them in housing andemployment. 7. Parliament building 8. The Troubles The shipbuilding industry declined in the sixties. Northern Ireland became one of the poorest parts inBritain. The Catholics got no jobs and they got angry. In 1968 they went out in the streets to demonstrate. 9. Bloody Sunday The demonstrations got into violence. The Catholics formed the IRA. The Protestants formed the Ulster Defence Association andthe Ulster Volunteer Force. In January 1972 British troops killed 13 unarmeddemonstrators. The IRA got many supporters after the Bloody Sunday. 10. Belt worn by Patrick Doherty, one the people shot bysoldiers.There is a hole in the belt caused by the bulletthat killed him 11. The province got under direct rule from London. 500 people died in 1972 as a result of violence. There were IRA bombs, troop violence and sectariankillings. 12. Catholics The IRA developed to be a small army. The IRA etablished a political wing Sinn Fein. The majority of the Catholics supported the SocialDemocratic Party ( SDLP). 13. Most of the Protestants supported the Ulster UnionistParty. Ian Paisley formed the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP). The Unionists were fragmented. 14. Ian Paisley,leader of the Democratic Unionist Party 15. London and Dublin From 1972 to 1985 London tried to foster the middleground among the peaceable majority of bothcommunities. But the efforts were destroyed by radical politicians onboth sides. The government in Dublin supported the Catholiccommunity in Ulster. Ireland criticised British policy and practice. 16. London and Dublin wanted to cooperate politically. The British government began to negotiate an agreementwith Dublin. The Anglo Irish agreement of 1985. This weakened IRAs position. It gave Ireland an advisory role in the government 17. In 1988 IRAs Gerry Adams and SDLPs John Hume begansecret talks. In August 1994 the IRA announced a cease-fire. The British government wanted that the IRAdecommissioned its weapons. The IRA refused. In 1996 a big bomb exploded in the Docklands 18. Tony Blair wanted peace talks with Sinn Fein if the IRAabandoned violence. Sinn Fein and the IRA accepted Tony Blairs challenge. A new cease fire began. Nationalists and Unionists began negotiations. A peace plan was clear 10. april 1998. 19. The peace plan included: The establishment of a Northern Ireland assembly. Establish a North South ministerial council. The establishment of a council for the Isles. 20. Gerry Adams of Sinn Fein and David Trimble of the UlsterUnionist Party tried to reach an agreement. 71% of the people supported the agreement The IRA refused to decommision its weapons. In August 1998 the Real IRA detonated a bomb in Omagh,killing 29 people. 21. Gerry Adams and David Trimble 22. The two communities are segregated. Protestants and Catholics have moved to their own areas. Education has always been segregated. Only 10 % of children attend integrated schools. 23. In 1995 unemployment stood for 18 % for Catholics and 8% for Protestants. Unemployment in both communities recrute young menfor terrorists. 24. The Orange OrderThe Orange Order is an organisation created byprotestants to protect protestant supremacy inNorthern Ireland 25. In July each year the Orange Order organiseparades to celebrate the Battle of the Boyne. Some of the marches go through Catholicareas. The Orangemen see it as a celebration ofcommunity identity. Catholics see it as a provocation. In 1998 the Orangemen were forbidden tomarch down the Garvaghy Road inDrumcree. 26. Drumcree Church 27. The Catholic population is young, but theProtestant population is old. The Protestants political power isdecreasing. 28. Thanks for listening !