LOGISTICS RPT UTEM 3 SURVEY WEEQUED LK PROJ …
Transcript of LOGISTICS RPT UTEM 3 SURVEY WEEQUED LK PROJ …
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- Logistics Report -UTEM 3 Survey
Weequed Lake ProjectSudbury, Ontario
for Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd.
LAMONTAGNE l GEOPHYSICS LTD l GEOPHYSIQUE LTEE
December, 2001 DarylBall B.Sc.
CONTENTS
Introduction...........................................................................!Property and Access.............................................................. lSurvey Design........................................................................3Survey Logistics.....................................................................5
Figures
Figure 1: Area Map................................................................2Figure 2: Loop Location Map..............................................4
Tables
Table 1: Survey Coverage.................................................A3
Appendices
Appendix A................................................UTEM 3 ProfilesAppendix B...........................Personnel7Production DairyAppendix C.........................................The UTEM 3 SystemAppendix D............Note on sources of Anomalous Ch l
INTRODUCTION
During the later portion of December 2001, a UTEM 3 surface survey was carried out for Wallbridge Mining Limited by personnel employed by Lamontagne Geophysics Ltd. The survey was based out of Chelmsford, Ontario with accommodation provided at the Northland Motel in Chelmsford. The survey area covered is marked on Figure l and in detail on Figure 2.
A total of 18.65km of two component UTEM data was collected on one grid:
Weequed Lake Project Grid - Loop l
using a transmitter loop with the receiver operating in 10-channel mode. Surveying was done measuring Hz - the vertical component. A transmitter frequency of 31 Hz was used with a nominal station of 50m. Detailing of anomalous responses was completed at a station spacing of 25m. Reading were taken at stations both inside and outside of the transmitter loop.
This report documents the UTEM survey in terms of logistics, survey parameters and field personnel. The
- Hz data presented in profile form (Appendix A)- the List of Personnel l Production Diary (Appendix B)- an outline of the UTEM System (Appendix C)- Note on sources of anomalous Chl (Appendix D)
PROPERTY AND ACCESS
The Weequed Lake Project is located in Ermatinger Township which is approximately 30km west of Sudbury, Ontario. Access to the grid each day was by ATV. The mild start to the winter of 2001 - 2002 meant that snow cover was light and that ice conditions on the lakes were poor.
The base of operations for the survey was the Northland Motel located in the town of Chelmsford, Ontario. This hotel provided a comfortable environment for the duration of the survey.
The maximum relief over the entire grid from the highest point to the lowest point was about 50m. The topography was uneven with a series of hills separated by a series of lakes.
Overall, the survey progressed without delay and the quality of the data collected was excellent.
0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg l
Sudbury District
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l GEOPHYSICS LTDPGEOPHYSIQUELTEE
Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd.Area Map
Weequed Lake Project
Figure l
0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg 2
SURVEY DESIGN
Owing to time considerations prior to Christmas, a loop configuration was designed which combined the dual nature of the intended targets. Within the interior of the loop, the intended target was a series of flat lying conductors which had been targeted on a previous drilling program. Outside of the loop, to the south-west, the intended target was a steeply dipping conductor which was inferred to be an off-set of the boundary of the Sudbury nickel belt.
For inside-the-loop coverage, the line coverage surveyed was at 200m intervals. Station spacing was at 50m intervals with detailing carried out where warranted in anomalous areas. Data were collected with two or three UTEM receivers in 10 channel mode at an operating frequency of 30.974 hertz. Only the Hz -vertical component was measured. A minimum of IK stacking (1024 full-cycles l 2048 half-cycles) were collected at each station.
In the Sudbury area, non-decaying Ch l conductors are often indicative of economical mineralization, any non-decaying Ch l conductors are therefore of interest. Non-decaying Ch l UTEM anomalies can reflect:
i) the presence of economic mineralization ii) the presence of non-economic mineralization
iii) the presence of a magnetic anomaly iiii) poor geometric control - either station location or loop location
These are outlined in more detail in appendix E. From an interpretation point of view, this means that magnetics and geometric control should be considered and evaluated as a part of any interpretation. From a field point of view it means that precise geometric control should be part of any UTEM survey where the target is non- decaying. Poor geometric control has the potential to both mask real Ch l conductors and create false Ch l conductors.
The basis of this grid was a series of cut lines which were established several years ago. A new grid was established to the southwest of this grid by chaining off of a tie-line at 10+OOS. The new grid was cut in the fall of 2001 and as such, the coverage across lakes and beaver ponds was not complete. A 25m chain was used to establish the station locations. In the case of line 6+OOW, this line was cut, but was not chained beyond the last station surveyed at 14+50S.
Topographical control was established using a sequence of methods. A copy of the survey area from an digital Ontario Base Map of Ermatinger Township was obtained from the client. A Macintosh based GPS communications program (GPSy ) was used to register a UTM grid on this digital map. As the loop was being laid out, handheld GPS (Garmin etrex Summit) were used to establish way points along the three sides of the wire where cutlines were common with the edge of the loop.
0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg 3
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Weequed Lake
GEOPHYSICS LTD GEOPHYSIQUELTEE
Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd.Loop Location Map
Weequed Lake Project
Projection Nad 27 Canada UTM grid l TT Note: the position of all lines on this map are approximate
0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg 4
The UTM co-ordinates generated by the handheld GPS unit are not accurate enough for establishing the grid. On an individual basis, a GPS reading with the Garmin handheld unit in the presence of tree cover is accurate to 10m. A series of readings taken together over the length of a line can establish the general bearing of a line. Topographical control points such as the edge of a lake can be used as a further method of establishing control.
After a model of the grid was established using the GPS mapping software, the modelled grid was exported to a graphing program which was used to compare the modelled grid with the ideal grid. A spreadsheet was used to adjust the ideal grid to fit the modelled grid.
The Garmin etrex Summit has a barometric altimeter which has a specified accuracy of 0.3m. This altimeter can be calibrated each day at a known location. The observed elevation can therefore be checked over the course of the day as the base station is repeated. Duplicate reading can also be taken at stations with similar locations such as the edges of a lake or a series of lakes. The observed elevations can then be compared against the values observed from the contour map to ensure that both sets of data are similar.
Although the results generated are generally good, any anomalies within 200m of the loop should be considered suspect until further control can be established.
SURVEY LOGISTICS
The crew, consisted of two (or three) geophysical operators (Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote and Richard Lehaye), were mobilized to Chelmsford, Ontario arriving on December 16th, 2001. The crew was assisted by Joel Worth, Tim Pinkerton, Will Krauss and Owen Fernley (geophysical assistants). The crew were accommodated at the Northland Motel in Chelmsford.
The equipment including spares were transported by truck. Access to the grid each day was by ATV. A 5km trail led from the Windy Lake Road directly to the grid.
Collected data were sent on a regular basis via email to the client in Sudbury as well as the Lamontagne office in Kingston. The survey started well and was completed in a timely manner before the Christmas break.
0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg 5
Appendix A0139 UTEM Profiles
UTEM 3 Survey
Weequed Lake Project Sudbury, Ontario
December 2001
for
Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd.
PRESENTATION
The results of the survey are summarized and presented as UTEM profiles in this appendix. A description of the standard plotting formats used and of the UTEM System is presented in Appendix C.
A yellow separator marks the beginning of the continuously normalized data. The Hz data is presented in continuous normalized format followed by the next section which contains the Hz point normalized data.
Coloured separators are used to indicate:
yellow separator - Hz continuously normalized profiles Chl reduced blue separator - Hz point normalized profiles Chl reduced
Continuous normalization is useful for detection of the presence anomalies at any position on a profile. The anomaly shape is distorted by the normalization to the local field.
For inside-the-loop surveys the field is fairly uniform. As a result these plots resemble the point normalized plots except near the wire - as the field gets very big near the wire the continuously normalized Chl tend towards zero.
top axis - Ch5-10middle axis - Ch2-5bottom axis - Chl topographic profile (note - vertical exaggeration x2)
Hz point normalized Chl reduced (blue separator)
normalization point: inside-the-loop data @ the centre of the loop
Point normalized data is useful for interpretation of anomalous responses. Anomaly shape is preserved as is the amplitude if the normalization point is local to the anomaly.
For inside-the-loop surveys the primary field is fairly uniform and point normalized profiles are useful for detection of the presence anomalies. The center of the transmitter loop is chosen for the normalization - the field is weakest at the center of the loop. Normalizing to the weakest field has the advantage that no features are obscured.
Appendix A - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg Al
The disadvantage of point normalization is that small errors in location near the wire and in current tend to appear as large errors in Chl. If the loop l station locations and the current are accurately known then point normalized Chl (in the absence of a local conductor) will tend to be continuous approaching the wire, unlike the continuously normalized Chl which, as described above, will dip to zero.
top axis - Ch5-10 middle axis - Ch2-5 bottom axis - Chl
topographical profile (note - vertical exaggeration x2)
Notes on presentation and plotting
General notes:
* Profiles are presented in the following order:
* the profiles are presented eastern-most line first
* For in-loop data the normalization point is -the mid-point of the loop.
* plotting scales are consistent.
* errors in location are generally more obvious in data collected at stations and lines close to the loop - typically within 200m of the wire. Additional sources of error are:
* the wire being in the air between two points/over sharp valleys with the result being that the GPS survey of the loop misses some details of the loop shape
* the wire being laid out at locations slightly off of the known GPS station marker
Appendix A - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg A2
Table l - Survey Coverage
Line Coverage
Weequed Lake Grid
Loop Start Finish
2+OOW3+OOW4+OOW6+OOW8+OOW
10+OOW12+OOW14+OOW16+OOW18+OOW20+OOW
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12+50S4+OOS
20+OOS14+50S22+OOS22+OOS22+OOS19+OOS16+50S18+75S17+OOS
Appendix A - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg A3
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Appendix B
0139 Production Diary
UTEM 3 Surface Survey
Weequed Lake Project, Sudbury, Ontario
for Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd.
Date
Production Diary (0139) UTEM Survey - Weequed Lake Project
Sudbury, Ontario Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd
Rate Production Comments
December 15 Mob
December 16 L-4
December 17 0.5L-5 0.5D-4
December 18 P (2) -5 5.8km
Daryl Ball travels from Kingston to Sudbury
Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote, Joel Worth and Tim Pinkerton meet the clients representative at the Northland Motel in Chelmsford. The crew heads out to the grid and lays out Loop 1.
Crew: Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote, Joel Worth and Tim Pinkerton.
Spent the morning arranging rentals for additional ATV's as well as a trailer for the quads. Head out to the grid around noon. Arrive at the transmitter site and set up the equipment. Had equipment problems with the transmitter and were unable to repair the equipment in the field. Joel Worth was ill and was replaced by Will Krauss.
Crew: Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote, Will Krauss and Tim Pinkerton.
Read Loop l Line 3+OOW Line 6+OOW Line 8+OOW Line 10+OOW Line 12+OOW
HzO+OOS- 4+OOSHz 0+OOS - 14+50SHz 8+50S - 15+50SHz 5+OOS - 22+OOSHz 6+50S - 22+OOS
Richard Lahaye joins the crew on this date. Start surveying from Loop 1. Operate with two receivers on this date as one receiver had a power supply problem.
Crew: Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote, Will Krauss, Tim Pinkerton and Richard Lahaye.
Appendix B - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. Bl
Date Rate Production Comments
December 19 P (3)-6 11.05km
December 20 P (2)-4 1.8km
December 21 L - 3
Read Loop l Line 2+OOW Line 4+OOW Line 8+OOW Line 10+OOW Line 12+OOW Line 14+OOW Line 16+OOW Line 18+OOW Line 20+OOW
Hz 0+OOS - 10+OOS Hz 0+OOS - 10+OOS Hz 0+OOS- 7+75S Hz 0+OOS- 5+OOS Hz 0+OOS- 6+50S Hz 0+OOS - 19+OOS Hz 0+OOS - 16+50S Hz 0+OOS - 18+75S
December 22 Demob
Hz 0+OOS - 17+OOSContinue reading from Loop 1. Operate with 3 receivers on this date.
Crew: Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote, Will Krauss, Tim Pinkerton, Richard Lahaye and Owen Fernley.
Read Loop lLine 2+OOW Hz 10+OOS - 12+50S Line 4+OOW Hz 10+OOS - 20+OOS Line 8+OOW Hz 16+50S - 22+OOS
Completed reading of Loop 1. Operate with two receivers on this date. Picked up most of Loop 1.
Crew: Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote, Tim Pinkerton and Richard Lahaye.
Complete picking up Loop 1. Spent the afternoon returning rental equipment and preparing for demob.
Crew: Daryl Ball, Yannick Cote and Tim Pinkerton.
Daryl Ball drives from Sudbury to Kingston.
LEGEND
P (n) -x- Surface Production (# of receivers) - number of personnelL-x- Looping (# of personnel)S-x- Standby (# of personnel)D-x- Down (# of personnel)
Appendix B - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. B2
Appendix C
The UTEM SYSTEM
The UTEM System
UTEM Data Reduction and Plotting Conventions
Data Presentation
The UTEM SYSTEM
UTEM uses a large, fixed, horizontal transmitter loop as its source. Loops range in size from 300m x 300m up to as large as 4km x 4km. Smaller loops are generally used over conductive terrain or for shallow sounding work. The larger loops are only used over resistive terrain. The UTEM receiver is typically synchronized with the transmitter at the beginning of a survey day and operates remotely after that point. The clocks employed - one in each of the receiver and transmitter - are sufficiently accurate to maintain synchronization.
Measurements are routinely taken to a distance of 1.5 to twice the loop dimensions, depending on the local noise levels, and can be continued further. Lines are typically surveyed out from the edge of the loop but may also be read across the loop wire and through the centre of the loop, a configuration used mainly to detect horizontal conductors. BHUTEM - the borehole version of UTEM -surveys have been carried out to depths up to 3000+ metres.
System Waveform
The UTEM transmitter passes a low-frequency (4 Hz to 90 Hz) current of a precisely regulated triangular waveform through the transmitter loop. The frequency can be set to any value within the operating range of the transmitter, however, it is usually set at 31 Hz to minimize power line (60 Hz in North America) effects. Since a receiver coil responds to the time derivative of the magnetic field, the UTEM system really "sees" the step response of the ground. UTEM is the only time domain system which measures the step response of the ground. All other T.D.E.M. systems to date transmit a modified step current and "see" the (im)pulse response of the ground at the receiver. In practice, the transmitted UTEM waveform is tailored to optimize signal- to-noise. Deconvolution techniques are employed within the system to produce an equivalent to the conceptual "step response" at the receiver.
System Sampling
The UTEM receiver measures the time variation of the magnetic field in the direction of the receiver coil at 10 delay times (channels). UTEM channels are spaced in a binary, geometric progression across each half-cycle of the received waveform. Channel 10 is the earliest channel and it is 1/210 of the half-cycle wide. Channel l, the latest channel, is 1/21 of the half-cycle wide (see Figure below). The measurements obtained for each of 10 channels are accumulated over many half-cycles. Each final channel value, as stored, is the average of the measurements for that time channel. The number of half-cycles averaged generally ranges between 2048 (1024 full-cycles -IK
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. CI
in UTEM jargon) to 32768 (16K) depending on the level of ambient noise and the signal strength.
Channel l
8765
Half cycle
UTEM Channels!
Channel 1
Full cycle
System Configurations
For surface work the receiver coil is mounted on a portable tripod and oriented. During a surface UTEM survey the vertical component of the magnetic field (Hz) of the transmitter loop is always measured. Horizontal in-line (Hx) and cross-line (Hy) components are also measured if more detailed information is required. The UTEM System is also capable of measuring the two horizontal components of the electric field, Ex and Ey. A dipole sensor comprised of two electrodes is used to measure the electric field components. This is generally used for outlining resistive features to which the magnetic field is not very sensitive.
BHUTEM surveys employ a receiver coil that is smaller in diameter than the surface coil. The borehole receiver coil forms part of a down-hole receiver package used to measure the axial (along-borehole) component of the magnetic field of the transmitter loop. Due to the distance between coil and receiver in borehole surveys the signal must be transmitted up to the receiver. In BHUTEM the signal is transmitted to surface digitally using a kevlar-reinforced fibre-optic cable as a data link. Using a fibre-optic link avoids signal degradation problems and allows surveying of boreholes to 3000+m. The cable is also very light - the specific gravity is nearly 1.0 - making the cable handling hardware quite portable.
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C2
The EM Induction Process
Any time-varying transmitted ("primary") field induces current flow in conductive regions of the ground below and around the transmitter loop (i.e. in the earth or "half-space"). This current flow produces a measurable EM field, the secondary field, which has an inherent "inertia" that resists the change in primary field direction. This "inertial" effect is called self-inductance; it limits the rate at which current can change and is only dependent on the shape and size of a conductive path.
It takes a certain amount of time for the transmitted current flow to be redirected (reversed) and reestablished to full amplitude after the rate-of-change of the primary field reverses direction. This measurable reversal time is characteristic for a given conductor. In general, for a good conductor this time is greater than that of a poor conductor. This is because in a good conductor the terminal current level is greater, whereas its rate of change is limited by the inductance of the current path. The time- varying current causes an Emf in the sensor proportional to the time derivative of the current. This Emf decays with time - it vanishes when the reversal is complete - and the characteristic time of the Emf decay as measured by the sensor is referred to as the decay time of the conductor.
The large-scale current which is induced in the half-space by the primary field produces the half-space response as seen in typical UTEM profiles. This background response is influenced by the finite conductivity of the surrounding rock. Other currents may be induced in locally more conductive zones (conductors) that have longer decay times than the half-space response. The responses of these conductors are superimposed upon the background response. The result is that the UTEM receiver detects:
- the primary field waveform, a square-wave- the half-space (background) response of the surrounding rock- a slight-to-large response due to any conductors present.
The result is that in the presence of conductors the primary field waveform is substantially (and anomalously) distorted.
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C3
UTEM DATA REDUCTION and PLOTTING CONVENTIONS
The UTEM data as it appears in the data files is in total field, continuously normalized form. In this form, the magnetic field data collected by the receiver is expressed as a 7o of the calculated primary magnetic field vector magnitude at the station. These are total field values - the UTEM system measures during the "on- time" and as such samples both the primary and secondary fields.
For plotting purposes, the reduced magnetic field data (as it appears in the data file) are transformed to other formats as required. The following is provided as a description of the various plotting formats used for the display of UTEM data. A plotting format is defined by the choice of the normalization and field type parameters selected for display.
NORMALIZATION
UTEM results are always expressed as a 07o of a normalizing field at some point in space.
In continuously normalized form the normalizing factor (the denominator) is the magnitude of the computed local primary field vector. As the primary exciting field magnitude diminishes with increasing distance from the transmitter loop the response is continuously amplified as a function of offset from the loop. Although this type of normalization considerably distorts the response shape, it permits anomalies to be easily identified at a wide range of distances from the loop.
Note: An optional form of continuous normalization permits the interpreter to normalize the response to the magnitude of the primary field vector at a fixed depth below each station. This is useful for surface profiles which come very close to the loop. Without this adjustment option, the normalizing field is so strong near the loop that the secondary effects become too small in the presence of such a large primary component. In such circumstances interpretation is difficult, however; by "normalizing at some depth" the size of the normalizing field, near the loop in particular, is reduced and the resulting profile can be more effectively interpreted to a very close distance from the transmitter wire. The usual choice for the depth is the estimated target depth is used.
In point normalized form the normalizing factor is the magnitude of the computed primary field vector at a single point in space. When data is presented in this form, the point of normalization is displayed in the title block of the plot. Point normalized profiles show the non-distorted shape of the field profiles. Unfortunately, the very large range in magnitude of anomalies both near and far from the loop means that small anomalies, particularly those far from the loop, may be overlooked on this type of plot in favour of presenting larger amplitude anomalies.
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C4
Note: Selecting the correct plot scales is critical to the recognition of conductors over the entire length of a point normalized profile. Point normalized data is often used for interpretation where an analysis of the shape of a specific anomaly is required. Point normalized profiles are therefore plotted selectively as required during interpretation. An exception to this procedure occurs where surface data has been collected entirely inside a transmitter loop. The primary field does not vary greatly inside the loop, therefore, the benefits of continuous normalization are not required in the display of such results. In these cases data is often point normalized to a fixed point near the loop centre.
HELD TYPE
The type of field may be either the Total field or the Secondary field. In general, it is the secondary field that is most useful for the recognition and interpretation of discrete conductors.
UTEM Results as Secondary Fields
Because the UTEM system measures during the transmitter on-time the determination of the secondary field requires that an estimate of the primary signal be subtracted from the observations. Two estimates of the primary signal are available:
1) UTEM Channel l
One estimate of the primary signal is the value of the latest time channel observed by the UTEM System, channel 1. When Channel l is subtracted from the UTEM data the resulting data display is termed Channel l Reduced. This reduction formula is used in situations where it can be assumed that all responses from any target bodies have decayed away by the latest time channel sampled. The Channel l value is then a reasonable estimate of the primary signal present during Channels 2....10.
In practice the Channel l Reduced form is most useful when the secondary response is very small at the latest delay time. In these cases channel l is indeed a good estimate of the primary field and using it avoids problems due to geometric errors or transmitter loop current l system sensitivity errors.
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C5
2) Calculated primary field
An alternate estimate of the primary field is obtained by computing the primary field from the known locations of the transmitter loop and the receiver stations. When the computed primary field is subtracted from the UTEM data the resulting data display is termed Primary Field Reduced .
The calculated primary field will be in error if the geometry is in error - misallocation of the survey stations or the loop vertices - or if the transmitter loop current/system sensitivity is in error. Misallocation errors from loop/station geometry may give rise to very large secondary field errors depending on the accuracy of the loop and station location method used. Transmitter loop current/system sensitivity error is rarely greater than 207o. Primary Field Reduced is plotted in situations where a large Channel l response is observed. In this case the assumption that the Channel l value is a reasonable estimate of the primary field effect is not valid.
Note: When UTEM data is plotted in the Channel l Reduced form the secondary field data for Channel l itself are always presented in Primary Field Reduced form and are plotted on a separate axis. This plotting format serves to show any long time- constant responses, magnetostatic anomalies and/or geometric errors present in the data.
Mathematical Formulations
In the following expressions:
Rnj is the result plotted for the ntn UTEM channel,
RI j is the result plotted for the latest-time UTEM channel, channel l,
Chni is the raw component sensor value for the n*h channel at station j, Chlj is the raw component sensor value for channel l at station j,
is the computed primary field component in the sensor direction
is the magnitude of the computed primary field at:- a fixed station for the entire line (point normalized data)- the local station of observation (continuously normalized data)- a fixed depth below the station (continuously normalized at a depth).
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C6
Channel l Reduced Secondary Fields : Here, the latest time channel, Channel l is used as an "estimate" of the primary signal and channels 2-10 are expressed as:
Rnj * (Chrtj- Chlj) l \ Hp | x 10007o
Channel l itself is reduced by subtracting a calculation of the primary field observed in the direction of the coil, H^* as follows:
Rlj = (Chlj - RPj) l l Hp l x 10007o
Primary field Reduced Secondary Fields : In this form all channels are reduced according to the equation used for channel l above:
Rnj = (Chnj- Hpj) l \ Hp | x 10007o
This type of reduction is most often used in cases where very good geometric control is available (leading to low error in the calculated primary field, H™j) andwhere very slowly decaying responses result in significant secondary field effects remaining in channel l observations.
UTEM Results as a Total Field
In certain cases results are presented as a 0Xo of the Total Field. This display is particularly useful, in borehole surveys where the probe may actually pass through a very good conductor. In these cases the shielding effect of the conductor will cause the observed (total) field to become very small below the intersection point. This nullification due to shielding effects on the total field is much easier to see on a separate Total Field plot. In cases where the amplitude of the anomalies relative to the primary field is small, suggesting the presence of poorly conductive bodies, the Total Field plot is less useful.
The data contained in the UTEM reduced data files is in Total Field, continuously normalized form if:
Rnj = Chnj l \ Hp | x 100 07o
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C7
DATA PRESENTATION
All UTEM survey results are presented as profiles in an Appendix of this report. For BHUTEM surveys the requisite Vectorplots, presented as plan and section views showing the direction and magnitude of the calculated primary field vectors for each transmitter loop, are presented in a separate Appendix.
The symbols used to identify the channels on all plots as well as the mean delay time for each channel is shown in the table below.
UTEM Svstem Mean10 Channel
( base freq:
Channel #
12345678910
Mode @ 3130.974
ft
Delay Timeshz.(approx.)
hertz )
Delay time (ms) PloLSvmbol12.116.0533.0271.5130.7570.3780.1890.0950.0470.024
——— ——————————————————— y ——————————————————
1
VsusL7XA0
Notes on Standard plotting formats:
10 channel data in Channel l Reduced form - The data are usually displayed on three separate axes. This permits scale expansion, allowing for accurate determination of signal decay rates. The standard configuration is:
Bottom axis - Channel l (latest time) is plotted alone in Primary Field Reduced form using the same scale as the axis.
Center axis - The intermediate to late time channels, ch5 to ch2 are plotted on the center axis using a suitable scale.
Top axis - The early time channels, chlO to ch6 and a repeat of ch5 for comparison are plotted on the top axis at a reduced scale. The earliest channels, ch8 to chlO, may not be plotted to avoid clutter.
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C8
10 channel data in Primary Field Reduced form: The data are displayed using a single axis plot format. Secondary effects are plotted using a Y axis on each data plot with peak to peak values up to 20007o.
BHUTEM data plotted as total field profiles: Data are expressed directly as a percentage of the Total Field value. The Y axis on each single axis data plot shows peak values of up to lOO^o. These departures are always relative to the measured total field value at the observation station.
BHUTEM data plotted as secondary field profiles: Check the title block of the plot to determine if the data is in Channel l Reduced form or in Primary Field Reduced, form.
Note that on all BHUTEM plots the ratio between the axial component of the primary field of the loop and the magnitude of the total primary field strength (de) is plotted as a profile without symbols. In UTEM jargon this is referred to as the "primary field" and it is plotted for use as a polarity reference tool.
Appendix C - 0139 - Wallbridge Mining Company Ltd. Weequed Lake, Sudbury pg. C9
Note on sources of anomalous Cbl
This section outlines the possible sources of anomalous channel l which is not correlated to the Ch.2-10 data plotted on the upper axes of a channel l normalized plot.
1) Mislocation of the transmitter loop and/or survey stationsMislocating the transmitter loop and f or the survey stations results in an error in the calculated primary field at the station and appears as an anomalous Cbl value not correlated to channel l normalized Ch2-10. The effect is amplified near the loop front. This can be seen in the profiles - the error in Cbl generally increases approaching the loop. As a rule a l "/o error in measurement of the distance from the loop will result in, for outside the loop surveys, an error in Cbl of:
- l "/o near the loop front (long-wire field varies as l/r)- 307o at a distance from the loop front (dipolar field varies as 1/rS)- 27o at intermediate distances (intermediate field varies as -1/r2)
Errors in elevation result in smaller errors but as they often affect the chainage they accumulate along the line.
The in-loop survey configuration generally diminishes geometric error since the field gradients are very low. At the centre of the loop the gradient in the vertical field is essentially zero so it is difficult to introduce geometric anomalies near the loop centre. Near the loop sides and at the closest approach of the lines to the wire mislocation of the loop and the station becomes more critical. Typically loop sides are designed to be ^OOm from any survey stations.
2) Magnetostatic UTEM responsesMagnetostatic UTEM responses arise over rocks which generate magnetic anomalies. Such magnetic materials will amplify the total (primary + secondary) field of the UTEM transmitter which is sensed by the receiver coil. The secondary field is generated by subtracting a computed primary which does not include magnetic effects. This can give rise to strong and abrupt channel l anomalies when the source of the magnetics is at surface. This is the case in a number of places on these grids. UTEM magnetostatic anomalies differ from DC magnetic anomalies in the following three major ways:
1) In the case of DC magnetics the field is dipping N and is very uniform over the scale of the survey area while the UTEM field inside the loop is vertical and it is stronger near the loop edges.
2) Most aeromagnetics are collected as total field while with UTEM we measure a given (in this case generally z,x) component.
3) DC magnetic instruments observe the total magnetization of the causative body which is due to its susceptibility as well as any remnant
Appendix D - 0139 - Weequed Lake Project - Sudbury, Ontario pg DI
magnetization. An AC method such as UTEM will not respond to the remnant portion of the magnetization.
The larger amplitude of the UTEM Chl response is explained by the fact that theUTEM primary field is often more favourably coupled (magnetostaticallyspeaking) to magnetic mineralization as compared to the earths field. Anotherfactor could be the presence of a reverse remnant component to themagnetization.Note that positive (negative) magnetic anomalies will cause:- positive (negative) Chl anomalies in data collected outside the loop- negative (positive) Chl anomalies in data collected inside the loop
3) Extremely good conductorsAn extremely good conductor will be characterized by a time constant much longer than the half-period (@ 30Hz ^16ms). This will give rise to an anomalous Chl which is not correlated to the Ch2-10 data plotted on the upper axes of a channel l normalized plot.
Appendix D - 0139 - Weequed Lake Project - Sudbury, Ontario pg D2
MINISTRY OF NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT AND MINES
Work Report Summary
Transaction No: W0270. 00292 Status: APPROVED
Recording Date: 2002-FEB-18 Work Done from: 2001-DEC-15
Approval Date: 2002-FEB-19 to: 2002-FEB-17
Client(s):
105910 BEAR TAG MINING EXPLORATION LTD.
11 6945 CHAMPION BEAR RESOURCES LTD.
Survey Type(s): EM
Work Report Details:
Claim*
G
G
G
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7000150
7000151
7000152
1214586
1214587
1214820
1214821
1239141
1239143
1244384
1244385
1244386
Perform
31,053
31,499
S619
SO
SO
SO
SO
31,090
36,023
53,721
58,028
S906
522,939
External Credits:
Perform Approve Applied
S1S1
,053
,499
S619
81
56
S3
S8
SO
SO
SO
SO
,090
,023
,721
,028
S906
S22
SO
,939
SO
SO
SO
54,800
52,000
52,400
5400
SO
SO
SO
SO
SO
59,600
Applied Approve
SO
soso
54,800
S2.000
S2.400
S400
SO
SO
SO
SO
so59,600
Assign
soSO
soso505050SOso
S3, 721
55,879
SO
59,600
Assign Approve
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,721
5,879
0
S9.600
Reserve31,053
31,499
S619
SO
SO
SO
SO
31,090
S6.023
SO
52,149
5906
513,339
Reserve Approve
31,053
31,499
S619
SO
SO
SO
SO
31,090
S6.023
SO
S2.149
S906
513,339
Due Date
2003-FEB-23
2003-FEB-23
2003-FEB-18
2004-FEB-18
2002-APR-13
2002-APR-13
2002-JUL-31
2002-JUL-31
2002-JUL-31
Reserve:513,339
(512,
S1
249)
,090
Reserve of Work Report*: W0270.00292Applied by W0270.00353 2002-FEB-25
Total Remaining
Status of claim is based on information currently on record.
41I12SE2007 2.22998 ERMATINGER 900
2002-Mar-05 10:22 ArmstrongjJ Page 1 of 1
Ministry ofNorthern Developmentand Mines
Date: 2002-MAR-01
Ministere duDeveloppement du Nord et des Mines Ontario
GEOSCIENCE ASSESSMENT OFFICE 933 RAMSEY LAKE ROAD, 6th FLOOR SUDBURY, ONTARIO P3E 6B5
CHAMPION BEAR RESOURCES LTD. 2005-9TH STREET, S.,W., CALGARY, ALBERTA T2T 3C4 CANADA
Tel: (888) 415-9845 Fax:(877)670-1555
Dear Sir or Madam
Submission Number: 2.22998 Transaction Number(s): W0270.00292
Subject: Approval of Assessment Work
We have approved your Assessment Work Submission with the above noted Transaction Number(s). The attached Work Report Summary indicates the results of the approval.
At the discretion of the Ministry, the assessment work performed on the mining lands noted in this work report may be subject to inspection and/or investigation at any time.
If you have any question regarding this correspondence, please contact STEVEN BENETEAU by email at [email protected] or by phone at (705) 670-5855.
Yours Sincerely,
Ron GashinskiSenior Manager, Mining Lands Section
Cc: Resident Geologist
Bear Tag Mining Exploration Ltd. (Claim Holder)Champion Bear Resources Ltd. (Assessment Office)
Assessment File Library
Champion Bear Resources Ltd. (Claim Holder)
Visit our website at http://www.gov.on.ca/MNDM/LANDS/mlsmnpge.htm Page: 1 Correspondence 10:16929
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