Logical Framework Approach_part 1
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Transcript of Logical Framework Approach_part 1
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Logical Framework
A tool for action planning
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Overview of Topics
What is LFA?
Basic component and steps in LFA
Preparation phase:1. Stakeholder analysis
Analysis phase:2. Problem analysis
3. Objective analysis
4. Alternative analysis
Planning phase:
5. Intervention logic
6. Assumption
7. Indicator and mean of verification
8. Input
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Logical Framework Approach
LFA has developed in three stages:
initially a tool for a standardised presentation of projects. LFAdescriptive of nature
developed in the 70ies into a tool for improved design of projects to
make projects more successful. LFA became analytical of nature
now LFA has expanded to a tool for improved design, implementationand management of projects. Analytical aspects maintained but strongfocus on communication aspects
Modern LFA is
a tool for managing development or change processes in a logic way a way of analysing and structuring complex problems
a way of creating commitment, participation and flexibility
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Preparation phase:
Step 1: Stakeholder AnalysisEntity setting( selection of topic, target group, location, sector)
Identify any persons, groups, institutions affected by the problemcontext
Categorise them, for example, in interest groups, individuals etc.
Define most important interestsDefine most important groups
Analyse in more details
Main problems affecting the group
Main needs and interests
Conflicts of interest, co-operation etc.
Decide who are most important stakeholders
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Stakeholder Participation
Involve stakeholders to the extent possible
For example - conduct a workshop with
participation of stakeholdersThe workshop should be undertaken in the project
area
It shall include representatives ofall stakeholders
It shall be facilitated by an independent moderator
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Results
The participation analysis serves to map thefollowing: Who depends on the project?
Who are interested in the outcome?
Who will influence the project?
Who will be affected by the project?
Who will work against the project?
Policy concern analysisUncertainties and high risk areas?
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Analysis phase:
Step 2: Problem Analysis
Based upon available information the existing situationis analysed: major problems are identified and maincausal relationships are visualised in a problem tree.
Guidelines:
Identify existing problems - not possible, imagined or futureproblems
A problem is not the absence of a solution, but an existing
negative state
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Problem Analysis: Guidance
Identify major existing problems based onavailable information
Construct a problem tree showing cause-and-effect relationships between the problems
Review the problem tree for completeness and
validity and adjust if necessary
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Example: Problem Tree
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Analysis phase:
Step 3: Objectives analysis
Guidance:
1. Reformulate all elements in the problem tree to positive
desirable situations
2. Review the resulting means-to-an-end relationships to assure
validity and completeness
3. If necessary
1. revise statements
2. delete objectives which are unrealistic3. add new objectives
4. Draw the connecting lines to indicate means-to-an-end
relationships
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Example of Objectives Tree :
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Analysis phase:
Step 4: Alternative analysis
Guidance:
Draw clusters of objectives on objective tree
basing on their features( issue, relation to targetgroup, stakeholder, )
Name clusters
Brainstorm on analysis criteriaEstablish an alternative analysis matrix
Selecting alternative by scoring
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Example of criteria for alternative
analysis
- Ownership and commitment
Cost in relation to benefit. Expected cost-benefit
ratios can sometimes be calculatedConflict potential
Time horizon
Chance of success
Environmental impact
Gender issues
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Example of alternative analysisOption 1 is limited to atraining programme.The chance of successis low if the buses arestill in bad condition.Option 2 is moreexpensive, and thereis no guarantee thatthe result will bepositive unless thedrivers also improve.A third option wouldbe to combine option1 and option 2. It wouldbe the most expensivealternative, but has ahigher probability ofsuccess.
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Example of Alternative analysis
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Planning phase:
Step 5: Designing project Intervention logic
The main elements of project intervention logic
are:
The overall objective (directional)
The project purpose
The project outputs (or results)
The activities
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Elements in the Project intervention
logic
Overall objective describes the anticipated long-term objectivetowards which the project will contribute
Project purpose describes the intended effect, purpose orbenefit for the beneficiaries (target group)
Outputs are results which can be achieved and sustained(guaranteed) by the project management
Activities are expressed as processes undertaken by the projectmanagement. They are means to achieve the end: the output.
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Planning phase:
Step 5: Designing Project intervention logic
Define only ONE project purposeSeveral outputs are necessary to attain the objective
For each output a number of activities shall be defined.Outputs and activities are numbered to show therelationship:
Output A is the result of Activity A.1
Activity A.2
Activity A.n
When completing the Project Matrix start from the top andwork downwards in the first column (intervention logic).
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The Project Matrix
A project matrix is a tool to provide a clear
overview of all project elements
Elements areintervention logic (means-to-end)
indicators and means of verification
assumptions
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External Factors Influencing
ProjectsMacroeconomic policies
Market conditions / prices
Resource availability
Political and social conditions
Development strategy - sector policies
Environmental conditions
Private sector capability
Technology
Counterpart funding
Cultural factors - community support
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The Project Matrix
OverallObjective Indicator Verification
ProjectPurpose
Indicator Verification Assumption
Outputs /Results
Indicator Verification Assumption
Activities Inputs: Physical means /Costs
Assumption
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An example of project matrixCode Narrative Performance
Indicator
Means of
Verification
Assumptions/
Risks
Objective 1 Development of an
integrated raceway-shrimp
model using biofloc
technology
Increase in profit
Higher overall
production
Good water quality
Bio-economic
analysis and data on
water quality
presented in
milestone reports
No natural
disasters nor serious
problems of diseases
on cultured species
Output 1.1 Experimental systems at
BIARC established
All operational for
the planned trials.
System sketchesprovided with sample
details
Milestone Report 2 No competition for
resource usage by
other projects atBIARC
Activity 1.1.1 Purchase all required
materials and equipment
Key materials and
equipment purchased
or arranged
As above Needed materials
and equipment
available
Activity 1.1.2 Set up pond system for themain trials (biofloc)
Pond system readyfor trials
As above No unwanteddamage to the
available FRs
Activity 1.2.3 Set up tank system for the
shrimp density trials
Tank system ready
for trial
As above BIARC make
tanks available for
the project22