Logbook week 5

In the following photo you can see the sequence that we went through to produce our balsa wood model of a can8lever from the Melbourne University Oval pavilion building. Photo 1 shows us first understanding what part of the building we are building. The next photo (2) shows us sketching the specified part onto a piece of paper which we then glued the balsa wood onto (this made it easier to ensure angles and measurements were right). In photo 3 we then proceeded to match up the different parts that we had each been working on. They were then stuck onto a piece of white cardboard which served as the roof. Photo 5 shows the finished structure of our model. This structure has fixed joints.

Photo 4, Zoe Brain, (2014)





Below is a load path diagram of our groups structure. Sketch 1, by Zoe Brain, (2014)

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Different models… This groups model is quite similar to the one our group made (also a can8lever). However, the construc8on method was slightly different, in that this group did not s8ck their model onto paper in order to construct it. However, the equipment as well as the other methods they undertook were the same. (This structure also has fixed joints).

Below is a load path diagram of this groups final design. Sketch 1, by Zoe Brain, (2014)

Photo 4, James Macintosh, (2014)




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Round and rectangular columns are used (in a grid) in concrete frames where they are connected together using concrete beams.

Steel frames can be seen in Melbourne School of design-‐ they comprise steel columns connected to steel girders and beams.

MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION…

Sketch 1, by Zoe Brain, (2014)


Reinforced masonry load bearing walls are core filled hollow concrete blocks or grout filled cavity masonry. Bond beams created using special concrete blocks which bond individual units together. These are used instead of concrete or steel lintels.

Timber frame (post and bearing) typically use a grid of 8mber post or poles connected to 8mber beams. Bracing is necessary for stabilising the structure. (This type of framing can be seen in the oval pavilion).

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Concrete load bearing walls can be in-‐situ or precast. They may also provide support for spandrel panels and link into other structural elements (i.e. floor slabs, roof structure etc.)


Solid masonry load bearing walls can be constructed with either single or mul8ple skins of concrete masonry or clay bricks. If more than one skin they’re 8ed together with a wall 8e. Could also be joined using a brick (header showing in face of wall)

Cavity masonry walls are generally double skin walls, this provides more insula8on. If you see weep holes (holes between bricks), chances are it’s a cavity masonry wall. Could put blue layering between brick/8mber to keep moisture out; leave perpend open to let water seep through. Brick veneer construc8on uses 1 skin of structural frame wall and 1 skin of non-‐structural masonry-‐ which does not support structure, the structural frame does. Insula8on then put in between the brick and structural frame!! Stud wall members can be 8mber or steel and structural frames can be constructed using 8mber, steel or concrete; could even use brick.

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WOOD

Quarter sawn Advantages: best grain shown on face, good wearing for surface floors/furniture, lower width shrinkage on drying, less cupping and warping than other cuts. Can be successfully recondi8oned. Disadvantages: slower seasoning, nailing on face is prone to splicng. Back Sawn: Advantages: seasons more rapidly, less prone to splicng when nailing. Wide sec8ons are possible, few knots on edge. Disadvantages: shrinks more across width when drying; more likely to warp and cup ; collapsed 8mber more difficult to recondi8on.

Radial Sawn: Advantages: dimensional stability less prone to warping and cupping, less wastage in milling. Disadvantages: wedge shaped cross sec8on; more difficult to detail and stack.

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LVL-‐ Laminated veneer lumber-‐ made from lamina8ng thin sheets of 8mber, most laminates with grain aligned to longitudinal direc8on, very deep and long sec8ons possible, high strength. {Mainly structural use (beams, posts, portal frames).}

ENGINEERED TIMBER

GLULAM-‐ glue laminated 8mber-‐ made from gluing pieces of dressed sawn 8mber together to form a deep member. Most laminates with grain aligned to longitudinal direc8on.

CLT-‐ Cross laminated 8mber made by gluing pieces of dressed sawn 8mber together to form a deep member most laminates with grain designed to longitudinal direc8on.

PLYWOOD-‐ Made by gluing and pressing thin laminates together to form a sheet grain in laminates in alternate direc8ons strengths in 2 direc8ons. {Structural bracing, structural flooring, formworks, joinery, marine applica8ons}.

MDF-‐ Medium density fibreboard-‐ made by breaking down hardwood or sonwood waste into wood fibres, combining it with wax and resin binder by applying high temperature and pressure. MDF generally more dense than plywood {non structural applica8ons – (joinery).}

OSB (Oriented strand board)/Chipboard and strand board-‐ made by layering hardwood and sonwood residuals (chips, strands) in specific orienta8ons with wax and resin binder by applying high temperatures and pressure {structural systems (flooring, bracing, cladding finish)

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Length is longer than 12:1.

LONG COLUMNS:

Deflect by buckling (in length)

SHORT COLUMNS:

Length is shorter than 12:1.

Length and fixing of the column determines how it will take load and the way it buckles. (The effec8ve length changes depending on the fixture. This is measured between the points of contraflexure.

Deflect by compressing; are shorter length/thicker cross sec8on i.e. 10:1 Load (N)/Area (mm^2)

Fail by crushing (shear force) [when compressive load in exceeded-‐ load too great or cross sec8on too small.] and get shorter with compressive load.

COLUMNS:

Ver8cal structural members designed to transfer axial compressive loads. All columns are considered slender members.

•  Compressive Strength (Pa) = Load (N) / area (mm2)

(Column) easy to deflect pin; harder fixed joint; more hard fixed/pin (length shorter); hardest if 2 pin and fixed middle (length shorter).

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•  References: htps://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014_SM1/WEEK%2005/SHORT%20AND%20LONG%20COLUMNS.pdf

•  htps://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014_SM1/WEEK%2005/SHORT%20AND%20LONG%20COLUMNS.pdf

•  htp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq41q6gUIjI&feature=youtu.be •  htp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJL0vCwM0zg&feature=youtu.be •  htp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ul0r9OGkA9c&feature=youtu.be •  htp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqn2bYoO8j4&feature=youtu.be •  htp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YrYOGSwtVc&feature=youtu.be

•  ‘Oval Pavilion Redevelopment’, Cox Architecture, (2012)

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Logbook week 5

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