LOBBYING REGULATION: IMPLEMENTATION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Yukihiko Hamada Public Sector...
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Transcript of LOBBYING REGULATION: IMPLEMENTATION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Yukihiko Hamada Public Sector...
LOBBYING REGULATION: IMPLEMENTATION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Yukihiko HamadaPublic Sector Integrity DivisionOECD
Implementation What measures are considered effective? Incentives for compliance
There are generally no effective rewards for agreeing to comply with lobbyist codes of conduct
13%
32%
51%
4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes, there are effectiverewards for agreeing tocomply with the code
Not really, there aresome benefits for
complying but they arenot compelling
No, there are noeffective rewards for
agreeing to comply withthe code
Don’t know
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists
Implementation What measures are considered effective? Sanctions
Are there compelling sanctions for breaching the lobbyist code of conduct?
38% 39%
12%
40%34%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes, there areeffective penalties for
breaching the code
Not really, there aresome penalties but
they are notcompelling
No, there are nopenalties for
breaching the code
Lobbyists (2009)
Lobbyists (2013)
Source: OECD 2009 and 2013 Survey on Lobbying for Lobbyists
Revolving doorsAre there restrictions on public officials engaging in lobbying activities after they leave the government?
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines
Generally no restrictions are in place (e.g. a "cooling-off" period) to restrict legislators from engaging in lobbying activities after they leave Parliament
5% 5%
16%
74%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes, there arerestrictions but they
are too restrictive
Yes, there arerestrictions and they
are sufficientlyrestrictive
Yes, there arerestrictions but theyare not sufficiently
restrictive
No, there are norestrictions
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for legislators
Pre-public employment: OECD countries’ restrictions on lobbyists hired to fill regulatory or advisory posts in government
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines
Pre-public employment: There are generally no restrictions in place on lobbyists being hired to fill regulatory or advisory posts in government
3%12% 12%
46%
28%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes, there arerestrictions but
they are toorestrictive
Yes, there arerestrictions and
they aresufficientlyrestrictive
Yes, there arerestrictions but
they are notsufficientlyrestrictive
No, there are norestrictions
Don't know
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying for lobbyists
Availability of information regarding advisory and expert groups
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Lobbying Rules and Guidelines
Actors and types of communication that stakeholders believe should be covered by lobbying rules and guidelines