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Effects of load shedding Survey report submitted for the course of statisticsBS Statistics5th SemesterRegular University of Sargodha Session 2011-2015

CHAPTER # 1INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to effects of load shedding

This report addresses basically the impacts of load shedding. . Here load means the amount of current supplied by a dynamo or generating station at any given time. Shedding means reducing the load or amount of electricity. So load-shedding means that the supply of electric current has been reduced. Now-a-days everyone is well familiar with the expression Load Shedding. Even a child cries out when the light is off. This load-shedding is caused by the low generation of electricity.

1.2 HistorySince 2008 the country has witnessed quantum descent in some key problem areas which attained extraordinary heights. Pakistan is in the grip of major infrastructural shortages blocking growth in all sectors including industries, agriculture and services. The industrial sector faces severe energy shortages both in electricity and gas. The year 2008 witnessed a major increase in the frequency and intensity of power load shedding or outages generally in Pakistan and in particular in the industrial sector

1.3 Effects of load shedding internationally

The economic cost of load shedding are well-known but the social impact of load shedding still needs to be investigatedLoad shedding is a common or even a normal daily event in many developing countries.Examples: The countries like Canada, India , Japan etc. suffer from load shedding.

Load-shedding causes a great loss, discomfort and inconvenience. The production of our mills and factories and small scale industries suffers much. Agriculture is also affected and pumps cant work to supply water from the rivers, canals, ponds etc. to irrigate agricultural land. Office work suffers much as lights and fans are off. Thus load-shedding causes great loss to the country. Domestic life is also affected to a great extent due to load-shedding. Effect of load shedding in Pakistan

Health issues definitely arises when electricity load shedding of 12-20 hours is in place.

Students suffer most as it hamper their studies especially during their exam time.

Life style and living standard of people is also effected. In Pakistan few people can afford their own UPS or generator.

Load shedding also effect on the export of our country.

ObjectivesThrough this survey we measure the impact of load shedding on the life of people and how people feel about it and cope with it.

Through survey report our Govt. may take hard decision and to save dying economy by providing supply of power to industries.

Through survey we may correct defective policies made in Pakistan.

CHAPTER # 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Data analysis Software named SPSS(statistical packages for social sciences) 20 versions is used for the survey analysis EFFECTS OF LOAD SHEDDING.

2.2 Types of studies

Bivariate studyUnivariate study

Bivariate studyBivariate analysis is one of the simplest form of quantitative analysis.

It involves the performing of an analysis between two variables for the purpose of determining the empirical relationship between them.

This analysis reveal whether or not there exist an association between the variables.

Univariate studyUnivariate analysis is the simplest form of quantitative analysis.

It is define as analysis carried out on only one variable to summarize or describe the variable

CHAPTER # 3

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

3.1 Univariate analysis:

There are 46% male and 53% are female. In survey analysis number of female gender is greater than male.GenderFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValid male3746.346.346.3Female4353.853.8100.0Total80100.0100.0

3.1.1 Gender

Maximum candidates age interval is (15-25) which is about 85% of the whole. And 11% people belongs to (26-36) age interval and 3% to the (48-above)

3.1.2 Age

AgeFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValid15-256885.085.085.026-36911.311.396.348-above33.83.8100.0Total80100.0100.0

In survey 16% people were employed and 16% were student3.1.3 In which category do you belong?

CategoryFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidstudent6480.080.080.0employed1620.020.0100.0Total80100.0100.0

68% people said that due to load shedding students cannot complete their assignments. And 12% replied No3.1.4 Due to load shedding student cannot complete their assignments

AssignmentFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidyes6885.085.085.0no1215.015.0100.0Total80100.0100.0

37.5 % people were strongly agree that professional efficiency is reduced due to loadshedding.47.5% were agree, 7.5% were neutral ,3.8%were disagree and also 3.8% were strongly disagree.3.1.5 Reduction in professional efficiency

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidstrongly agree3037.537.537.5Agree3847.547.585.0Neutral67.57.592.5disagree33.83.896.3strongly disagree33.83.8100.0Total80100.0100.0

90% and 10% people in survey answered yes and no respectively about the fact that load shedding is creating a situation of disappointment in people.

3.1.6 Situation of disappointmentFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidyes7290.090.090.0no810.010.0100.0Total80100.0100.0

The survey reveals the fact that 58.8% people strongly agree that load shedding is increasing the unemployment

3.1.7 Increasing unemploymentFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidstrongy agree4758.858.858.8Agree2430.030.088.8Neutral56.36.395.0Disagree45.05.0100.0Total80100.0100.0

53.8% people were strongly agree that load shedding increases aggressiveness in people, while 2.5% were disagree.

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidstrongly agree4353.853.853.8agree2227.527.581.3neutral1316.316.397.5disagree22.52.5100.0Total80100.0100.0

3.1.8 Aggressiveness in people

37.5% People were strongly agree that load shedding divert their attention and they cannot concentrate on their work, while 48.8% of the whole candidates were agree on that fact and 8.8% people were disagree.

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidstrongly agree3037.537.537.5agree3948.848.886.3neutral45.05.091.3disagree78.88.8100.0Total80100.0100.0

3.1.9 Concentration on work

51.3% people selected in survey were strongly agree at the fact that load shedding is leading the country to economic disaster, while 1.3% people were disagree.

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidstrongly agree4151.351.351.3Agree3138.838.890.0neutral67.57.597.5disagree11.31.398.8strongly disagree11.31.3100.0Total80100.0100.0

3.1.10 Economic disaster

3.2 Bivariate analysis

Association Non associationGender*AgeGender*Concentration on WorkGender*CategoryGender*AssignmentAge*AssignmentGender*Increasing UnemploymentAge*Professional EfficiencyAge*Increasing UnemploymentAge*Situation Of DisappointmentAge*Concentration On WorkAge*Aggressiveness in People

Age*Economic DisasterCategory*Economic DisasterCategory*Increasing UnemploymentCategory*Aggressiveness in PeopleAssignment*Professional EfficiencyCategory*Concentration On WorkAssignment*Disappointment

Gender*reduction in professional efficiencyChi-Square TestsValuedfAsymp. Sig. (2-sided)Pearson Chi-Square10.423a4.034

Assignment*increasing un employmentChi-Square TestsValueDfAsymp. Sig. (2-sided)Pearson Chi-Square15.415a3.001

Conclusion Load shedding is greatly destroying the economy of Pakistan.

Some social factors like aggressiveness in people, restlessness and lack of concentration on work due to load shedding , etc. are sometimes dependent. Load shedding is disturbing the normal routine life of people and causing economic disaster.

RecommendationIf the similar research is conducted in future, the sample size should be enhanced in order to obtain more precise results for higher statistical analyses in quantitative perspective

Hiba Qaiser(04)

Iqra Tanveer ( 05)

Sidra Kanwal (10)

Maria Mushtaq (13)

Maira Anjum (17)

Safia Zafar (35)

Naila Rabnawaz (47)