Mohammad Zeeshan Nadeem Shehzad Muddassar Nazir

Group Members:

Load Shedding Define:

The act or process of disconnecting the electric current on certain lines when the demand becomes greater than the supply.

A rolling blackout, also referred to as load shedding, is an intentionally-engineered electrical power outage

Load Shedding vs. world:

In many African and South Asian countries

Sometimes, these blackouts are scheduled at fixed times of the day and week

blackouts may happen without any advance notice

India

Even in the nation's capital of New Delhi, rolling blackouts are common

it is common to have power for the 44% of rural households having access to electricity to lose power for more than 12 hours each day.

Iran

major cities in Iran are subject to rolling blackouts

generally occur from 10:00 AM until 1:00 PM

Occasional blackouts began in 2006

Republic of Ireland

On several occasions in the 1970s and 1980s trade union strikes in Ireland's power utility, the Electricity Supply Board (ESB)

Rolling blackouts have not occurred for this reason since 1991

The ESB have a zone rota system in place country is divided into regions which in turn

are subdivided into zones, referred to by the letter codes A, B, C, X, Y, and Z

Republic of Ireland During periods when

blackouts may occur electricity demand

exceeds available supply, supply is cut in some or all of the "high risk" zones

"Low" to "Moderate" to "High" and back to "Low".

Nepal

Kathmandu, faced with an influx of rural migrants and rising energy demands

faces load-shedding even during the monsoon when the rains fill the water reservoirs where electricity is generated

electricity was cut up to sixteen hours per day in some small villages a small hydropower

project set up locally may function more reliably than the power supply of the capital city

South Africa

the major producer and distributor of electricity is Eskom

During the 1980s Eskom mothballed three of their coal-fired power stations

government tried to deregulate the electricity

Western and Northern Cape In December 2005, a bolt left in Koeberg

Unit 1 reactor after maintenance caused extensive damage to the rotor, resulting in it tripping out

As a result, there was insufficient power to supply the Cape, with the transmission network only partially able to supply the electricity demand. As a result rolling blackouts were implemented across the two provinces.

Tajikistan

In January 2008 Tajikistan faced its coldest winter in 50 years, and the country's energy grid began to fail. By February 2008 Tajikstan's energy grid was near collapse and there were blackouts in most of the country

Hospitals throughout the country were on limited electricity use, and nurses and doctors were forced to keep newborn babies warm with hot water bottles

United Kingdom

The Three-Day Week Non-essential

commercial users were only allowed to consume electricity for three days each week

Home electricity supplies were also limited in some areas

Elsewhere

In many East Coast states "brownouts" rather than rolling blackouts are

implemented during power emergencies of the power being cut off altogether to a

certain percentage of customers, the voltage is reduced by a certain percentage to all customers — the resulting dimming of electric lights being the origin of the term "brownout."

Pakistan

Load shedding is one of our worst problems that the people of Pakistan are facing. Pakistan is facing problems due to load shedding; there are hundreds of problem in this country related to load shedding, like Industrial Production, unemployment and water supply etc.

Pakistan today faces a severe energy crisis with a shortfall that varies from 2000 to 5000 megawatts

Reasons of Load shedding:

1. Water Blockage Issue from India

2. Electricity Generation Resources

3. Increasing cost of fuel

4. Inability of WAPDA and KESC

5. Previous Government according to Present Government

6. Power Plants Lacking

7. Transmission Losses

Water Blockage Issue from India The water resources are at 36 percent, which

is the lowest in history. The water level has declined to dead-level in Tarbela Dam.

India making more than 50 dams on the all Kashmir Rivers since ceasefire

the issue of water blockage is a bigger issue than war on terror

Water Blockage Issue from India

Electricity Generation Resources We don’t use

technologies for generating electricity like Wind, Gas and Nuclear Power. We just concentrate on water electricity generation. A very few MW we generate by other technologies.

Increasing cost of fuel

WAPDA and KESC when purchasing electricity on higher cost are not eager to keep on selling the electricity on loss

Inability of WAPDA and KESC

Inability of WAPDA and KESC: WAPDA and KESC are two generation and

dispatch units in Pakistan. It is fact that they have poor service and are not able to complete with energy requirement. Private sector should be given chance and should be allowed to install power plant and settle the electricity to consumers

Previous Government according to Present Government The Present

Government blames on previous Government not just for this load shedding issue but all current issues, because previous government didn’t take serious actions to fix this and on going problems.

Power Plants Lacking

Our Political Leaders realized power plants lacking recently

“No more load-shedding after Dec 31” on Monday, July 27, 2009 The Minister for Water and Power Raja Pervez Ashraf

An announcement was took placed last year that “No more load shedding in 2009”

The govt of Pakistan is guilty because it is not making kala bagh dam and is depending on rain.and pak ha nuclear technology weeping beside kala bagh dam

Role of Leaders…..

The workers of KESC also seem helpless in this case,they may not be able to solve the power problem due to some unstable wiring connectivity and less support of government.The wiring system is not up to the mark and hydroelectricity may not be produced to have benefit for the nation.Leaders of Pakistan do not seem interested to solve this case and nation does not forcefully act over this issue.They do not act against unstable leaders

Role of Leaders…..

did you forget foreign tours or un-due and un-wanted protocols, sometimes and even hi-fi dinner parties. Gas of few industries have been disconnected so is electricity all over Pakistan

On Other Hand

Transmission Losses

Transmission losses and a poor distribution system also account for Pakistan's energy crisis. The government and its responsible departments need to take firm action to control power theft and to improve the distribution system in general. The US department of Energy (DoE) reports transmission losses of up to 30% in Pakistan

Transmission Losses

Problems vs. Load shedding

Problems vs. Load shedding load shedding could make anybody freaky or

absent minded depression sometimes when there would be

no electricity available in the city and especially when someone would be doing important work.In the meantime

when a person might be busy with important project and electricity would create disturbance by disappearance it could make people angry and work less.

Problems vs. Load shedding

Problems vs. Load shedding The hours-long load shedding in the city is giving a

tough time to students, especially schoolchildren, during the ongoing examinations

Students enrolled in semester system courses, especially those studying computers and other sciences, said that they had an extra burden of studies owing to the semester system

A number of institutions in the city did not give summer holidays to their students, as they had switched to the semester systems and were conducting examinations

Student vs. Load Shedding

Cont…….

PU Hostels boarder, said that students had no choice but prepare for their exams in candlelight during load-shedding hours. "The situation gets worse when the hostels run out of water, as we are not allowed to go out in the nighttime’s

Students who preparing for his CSS exams, said that students taking the exams usually went to libraries for preparations

Power Generating:

Pakistan’s power generation has been marred by complex socio-political and economic issues over the past several years

Hydroelectric power Nuclear power Power generation based on Coal Green solutions for Pakistan (including solar,

wind and tidal energy

Hydroelectric power:

our hydroelectric power generation is from:

Tarbela Dam (3000 MW)

Hydroelectric power:

Mangla Dam (1000 MW)

Hydroelectric power:

Warsak (245 MW)

Hydroelectric power: Chashma (185 MW)

Hydroelectric power:

had plans for more hydroelectric power generation stations in the pipeline for a long time but the actual implementation is always hindered and cornered by the socio-political conditions

Development in this sector requires time and patience. Pakistan, by 2015, should ideally have a hydroelectric power generation of 12000MW.

Nuclear Energy Today, Nuclear energy

powers the world with approximately 15% of the total electricity produced.

Pakistan, however, currently generates around 2.4% of its total electricity through its Nuclear power plants at Karachi

By the end of 2011, Pakistan should ideally have a Nuclear power generation capacity at around 1200MW.

Nuclear Energy

Coal Energy Pakistan has one of the largest

reserves of coal in the world Pakistan, at present, produces

approximately 0.2% of its total electricity through coal. Compare this to a global average of 40% electricity production through coal

India Pakistan's only coal fired power

plant is at Lakhra with a power generation capacity of 30MW

Coal Energy

Financially speaking, Pakistan also needs to cut down its dependency on oil and gas, to which coal is a fitting solution. Historically, the price of coal has generally been very stable as opposed to the price of oil and gas.

a neglected and underdeveloped area in Pakistan. The government needs to speed up and enhance the provision of basic infrastructure facilities

Green solutions for Pakistan Renewable and greener sources of energy

are being deployed throughout the world to minimize carbon emission and to lower costs associated with power generation. Let us discuss the options available to us in Pakistan

Solar Energy

Solar Energy

Pakistan is amongst those countries which receive a high level of solar radiation. Studies have shown that on average our country receives 19MW per square meter of solar energy.

Solar energy is not too expensive and its best use, for now, is in domestic applications such as water heating and for UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) systems

Wind Energy

Wind Energy

Pakistan has some 'wind-swept' corridors that are essential for generating power through wind energy

The Government of Pakistan has set the 'Alternative Energy Development' board a target of generating 700MW of electricity through wind energy by the end of 2010 and around 9700MW by the end of 2030

The wind-farm will provide HESCO with 6MW electricity, powering almost 6900 homes.

AEDB is able to achieve its target by producing 700MW

Tidal Energy

Tidal Energy Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that exploits

the movement of water caused by tidal currents or the rise and fall in sea levels due to tides. Tidal energy is a relatively unexplored area in Pakistan.

we need a thorough survery of the coastal areas of Pakistan to identify the best locations for setting up power plants for tidal power generation

Pakistan has for tidal energy development include a 170km creek system of the Indus delta, 2-5 meter high tides at Korangi creek and over 5 meters at Sir Creek.

Tidal Energy

Conclusion & Recommendations Vision 2010 Development of hydro-electric power plants and large water

reservoirs should begin immediately. Wind power generation should reach 500MW and ideally

700MW (the goal that has been set for the AEDB by the Government of Pakistan).

Domestic applications of solar power should be publicized and encouraged.

Utilizing financial resources effectively to make sure Independent Power Producers and power plants based on oil operate to their maximum capacity.

Immediate steps should be taken to reduce to transmission losses and power theft.

Conclusion & RecommendationsVision 2015 Development of hydro-electric power plants Wind power generation should reach 1200MW. 30% of Pakistan's 'unpowered' rural areas should

have electricity for basic use based on solar and wind resources.

Nuclear power generation by the year 2015 should reach 1500MW.

Coal resources should be put to effective use Pakistan's total generation capacity should increase Dependence on oil/gas based power plants can be

greatly reduced

Conclusion & Recommendations contract for these projects should be given to

those companies who are capable of completing this project

Islamabad thinking for the gravity of this problem which has become headache for the people

A liberal and progressive policy with less bureaucratic approach towards energy producing units will help and bring attractive investment in Power sector

Looking in the MIRROR

Looking in the MIRROR

However, here what is our responsibility, we all know that our country is in critical condition and we are looking for international aid

A saying is “nothing endures but change.” Heraclitus (540 BC - 480 BC)

If we want to get rid off this crisis, we have to change our life style.

We should definitely learn saving of energy.