Literature Report

Philippine Literature in English

APPRENTICESHIP Period(1910-1925)

Period 1910-1925- generally known as the Apprenticeship (Imitation) Period

-Highlights- Timeline of the Apprenticeship PeriodLiterary Institutions foundedModels of Early Filipino Writers

II. Filipino Writers & their Literary Works and Pieces III. Points of Literary Criticism

1898 - Manila Capitulation - schools were reopened by the US Military Government- English was first taught as a subject

Timeline of the Apprenticeship Period

1900 - became the official medium of instruction-The army and their wives were the first teachersTimeline of the Apprenticeship Period

1901 -Philippine Normal School was founded-Thomasites came into our country- English and American Literature were introducedTimeline of the Apprenticeship Period

1901

Timeline of the Apprenticeship PeriodThomasitesArmy Transport Thomas

1908 -the University of the Philippine was founded


1910 -first issue of UP Folio

UP Folio is a publication that embodied the early attempts of Filipino writers in English


1910 Dean S. Fanslerone of the famous early teachers of English in the countryHe discovered our early Filipino writers in English


1910Early Filipino writers in English discovered by FanslerGodofredo RiveraFrancisca AfricaManuel GalledoNicolas ZafraL.B Uichangco


1915 - a large harvest of literary pieces were written Most outstanding Filipino writers Fernando MaramagMaximo M. KalawJorge BocoboJose Maria HernandezCarlos P. Romulo


1920Philippine Herald (first filipino daily) was founded

1921- American Folklore Society established the Filipino Popular Tales


1921Filipino Popular Tales- an anthology of literary pieces composed by Filipino writers


1921

Timeline of the Apprenticeship PeriodPreface of the book Filipino Popular TalesSample Covers

Significant Events that Inaugurated the Apprenticeship Period1925 publication of the Philippine Magazine (former Philippine Education Magazine)establishment of the Manila Tribune Development of markets for journals and periodicals containing outputs of Filipino writers Timeline of the Apprenticeship Period

1925 Sample Periodicals- Graphic - Womans Outlook - Womens Home Journal1926- a stream of short stories and poems were produced by Jose G. Villa


1927UP Writers Club was founded- Published Literary Apprentice

most prestigious college literary publication Timeline of the Apprenticeship Period

1927Bureau of Education Philippine Prose and Poetry (prescribed high school textbook)Free Press first anthology of Philippine short storiesTimeline of the Apprenticeship Period

Washington Irving-was an American author, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. He is best known for his short stories "Rip Van Winkle" (1819) and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1820), both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.Edgar Allan Poe- known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.

William ShakespeareHe is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon. His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. Nathaniel Hawthorne He gained international fame for his novelTHE SCARLET LETTER, a masterpiece of American literature

Walter "Walt" WhitmanHis work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.Henry David ThoreauHe is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Resistance to Civil Government (also known as Civil Disobedience), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. His most famous prose works are the "Breakfast-Table" series, which began with The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858). He was also an important medical reformer.

Henry Wadsworth LongfellowHe was an American poet and educator whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five Fireside Poets.

,, Milton, Pope, , Shelley, Keats, Byron, Coleridge, Lamb and a host of other lesser American and English writers. These were the writers who stimulated Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five Fireside Poets.

James Russell LowellHe is associated with the Fireside Poets, a group of New England writers who were among the first American poets who rivaled the popularity of British poets.Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English poet, literary critic and philosopher who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He wrote the poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as the major prose work Biographia Literaria.

William WordsworthHis most famous work, The Prelude (1850), is considered by many to be the crowning achievement of English romanticism. Ralph Waldo Emersonhe wrote the poem "Good-Bye. In 1832, he became a Transcendentalist, leading to the later essays "Self-Reliance" and "The American Scholar."

Short StoryDead Stars-the most significant short story produced.PoetrySursum Surda- the first known Philippine poem in EnglishRodolfo Dato-edited the first Anthoogy of Philippine poems in English

PlaysThe Radiant Symbol (1925)Daughters for Sale (1924)The Husbands of Mrs. Cruz

DramaDramatic scripts managed to be written. The drama suffered from public apathy.

Novels- the early novels in English were clumsy in the handling of language and showed poor literary craftsmanship.

Child Of Sorrow-the first Filipino novel in English

General Literary Criticism

III. Points of Literary Criticism

- Blindly imitative of American and English writers- Lack of artistic discipline- too much attention to the fundamentals of the new language

General Literary Criticism



- lost of intellectual and emotional restraints in writing- amateur or too much floridness in expression

-POEMS-Short Stories-ESSAYS


Thanks!reported by:

-Mikee Sta. Ana Angela Toribio

Literature Report

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