PHASE II Part 1 Examination 2005/2006MED 2101- GENERAL CONCEPTS PATHOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY1. a) List the causes of cell injury(15Marks)b) Describe the reversible and irreversible cell injury(50Marks)c) List the mechanisms of cell injury(20Marks)d) Describe sub cellular response to injury(15Marks)2. a) Describe the steps in phagocytosis(25Marks)b) Explain the outcome of leucocytes activation(25Marks)c) Explain the properties and functions of chemical mediators(25Marks)d) Describe the functions of cytokines(25Marks)3. a) Describe five factors which influence absorption of drugs (20Marks)b) List three advantages and three disadvantages of fixed drug combination(15Marks)c) Define the term adverse drug reaction and explain its clinical importance(15Marks)d) Explain the following terms:i) Plasma half lifeii) First order kineticsiii) Bioavailabilityiv) Redistribution of drugsv) First pass metabolism (5X10Marks)4. a) List the normal flora which are localized in the parts of human body(30Marks)b) Describe the symbiotic association in human body(20Marks)c) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the normal flora(50Marks)5. a) Name the filarial parasites found in Sri Lanka(10Marks)b) Outline the life cycle of W.bancrofti with the aid of diagram(40Marks)c) Describe the methods used to control Bancroftian filariasis in Sri Lanka(30Marks)d) In a household of six children of less than ten year of age, a five years old child was diagnosed to have Enterobius infection.i) Outline the drug treatment for the above childii) What are the non-pharmacological measures you would advise for the mother(20Marks)6. a) List the species of human malarial parasites(10Marks)b) With the aid of diagram, briefly describe the life cycle of malarial parasites (40Marks)c) Describe the clinical features of malaria in relation to the life cycle of the parasite(20Marks)d) A 35 years old male was diagnosed to have microscopically confirmed P.vivax malaria. i) Outline the drug treatment for this patientii) Explain the mechanism of action of the antimalarial drug/s you have selectediii) List 2 adverse effects of the selected drugiv) List 2 contraindications for the use of the drug(30Marks)