Lion Time Maching.pdf

7/30/2019 Lion Time Maching.pdf

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3/25/12 service.info.apple.com/service_training/en/063/en/Lion_TimeMachine/index.php?page=printer

1/14ervice.info.apple.com/service_training/en/063/en/Lion_TimeMachine/index.php?page=printer

OS X Lion: Time MachineIntroduction

This course covers Time Machine, the backup utility built into OS X Lion. It allows users to back

their entire Mac.

Course Overview

Course Objectives

Describe what Time Machine is, what it can do and how it can benefit users

Explain the backup process

Identify how and where backups are stored

Demonstrate how to locate and restore backup data

Determine and resolve common Time Machine issues

Audience

Technicians who wish to

troubleshoot and service Mac computers

Prerequisites

OS X Lion: Basics, Installation, Startup, File System, Applications, Accounts and Permissions

Time Required

60 minutes

You will need...

OS X Lion (10.7),

Mac computer, Printer

Time Machine

Introduction

Course Overview

What is Time Machine?

Setting Up Time Machine

Exclude Items from Backup

How Backups are Stored

Enter Time Machine

Viewing Backups

Restore Process

Symptoms & Fixes

Troubleshooting Practice

Learning Resources

Contact Us

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and Internet connection

What is Time Machine?

Time Machine is the breakthrough automatic backup feature that's built right into OS X Lion. It

to-date copy of everything onto an external drive. Backups are made every hour, every day, cop

files that have changed since your last backup. This is all done in the background.

Local Snapshots

OS X Lion lets you take the Time Machine experience with you when youre away from your Tim

backup drive.

Time Machine keeps a spare copy of the files you create, modify, or delete right on your Mac. If

accidentally delete a file while on the road, you can recover it from a local copy.

Time Machine Requirements

Time Machine can back up to any of these volumes:

1. USB 2.0 FireWire or Thunderbolt-based external hard drive

2. Secondary partition on your hard drive

3. Time Capsule (wireless hard drive + full-featured Wi-Fi base station that that works seaml

Machine)

4. Network Server (using Apple File Protocol (AFP) file sharing and Mac OS X 10.5.6 or later)

Specific Hard Drive Requirements

1. Format: Mac OS Extended (most common), Mac OS Extended (Case sensitive, Journaled) or

2. Partition Type: GUID (GPT) is recommended. Some partitions on Master Boot Record (MBR)

be available for use.

Note: External disks connected to an AirPort Extreme, iPod, iDisk, or disk formatted for Windo

with Time Machine.

Learning Activity

Learn more about Time Capsule and how it works with Time Machine. Go to


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p: www.app e.com mecapsu e.

Symptoms and Fixes

Here are common problems with Time Machine as reported by users. Follow steps in the order i

to resolve the issue.

Symptom #1: Alert Message: "The backup volume is read only."

Symptom #2: Alert Message: "No volumes to be backed up were available."Symptom #3: Alert Message: "Unable to complete backup. An error occurred while copying fi

backup volume."

Symptom #4: Alert Message: "Time Machine could not be configured..."

Symptom #5: Alert Message: "Must create a new backup"

Symptom #6: Backup Is Slow

Symptom #7: Backup Disk Fills Faster Than Expected

Symptom #8: Backup Is Interrupted

Symptom #9: Can't Find Item to Restore

Symptom #10: Certain items are not backed up

More information to help you troubleshoot

If you are having issues with backups, choose Apple Menu > System Preferences > Time Machi

Click the red "i" icon for more information.

Back to top

Symptom #1: Alert Message: "The backup volume is read only."

Summary

Time Machine is unable to complete a backup, alert message appears: "The backup volume is r

Resolution

Attempt to repair your Time Machine's backup:

1. Choose System Preferences from the Apple menu.

2. From the View menu, choose Time Machine.

" "


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. .

4. Run Disk Utility located in /Applications/Utilities.

5. For external hard drive and network volumes select volume and click Repair.

For Time Capsule backups:

6. Open a Finder window and locate your Time Capsule in the sidebar.

7. Double-click your Time Capsule.

8. Click your Backups folder and locate your backup sparsebundle.

9. Drag the sparsebundle to the Disk Utility sidebar.

10. Select the sparsebundle, then click Repair.

11. If the repair is successful, attempt to backup via Time Machine.

12. If the repair is not successful, delete the sparsebundle and start a new backup.

Back to top

Symptom #2: Alert Message: "No volumes to be backed up were availabl

Summary

Time Machine is unable to complete a backup, alert message appears: "No volumes to be backe

available."

Resolution

This can happen if all volumes are in the 'Do not backup' list. To view the list:

1. Choose Apple Menu > System Preferences > Time Machine.

2. Click Options.

3. Verify you have not excluded all available volumes.

Back to top

Symptom #3: Alert Message: "Unable to complete backup. An error occucopying files to the backup volume."

Summary

Time Machine is unable to complete a backup, alert message appears: "Unable to complete bac

occurred while copying files to the backup volume."

Resolution

1. Restart your Mac.

2. Try the backup again.

Back to top

Symptom #4: Alert Message: "Time Machine could not be configured..."

Summary

Time Machine is unable to complete a backup, alert message appears: "Time Machine could not


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configured..."

Resolution

1. From the Finder's Go menu go to this location:

/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/

2. Copy the file "NetworkInterfaces.plist" to the desktop (to make a precautionary backup).

3. Delete the file "NetworkInterfaces.plist". Enter administrator name and password if prompt

4. Restart your Mac.

5. Once restarted, reconfigure your Network and Time Machine preference panes in System P

Back to top

Symptom #5: Alert Message: "Must create a new backup"

Summary

A problem has occurred that prevents Time Machine from using the existing backup.

Resolution

To try to retrieve data from the existing backup, click Back Up Later. Then Control-click the Tim

in the Dock, and browse the star field to retrieve the files you need. Time Machine will prompt

to start a new backup.

To create a new backup, click Start New Backup. Your existing backup is deleted, and your data

backed up only after the new backup is completed.

If you back up to a Time Capsule, check the Apple Support website to be sure you have the mo

available firmware.

Symptom #6: Backup Is Slow

Summary

Backup is slow or sluggish.

Resolution

There are a few conditions in which your backup may be slow:

First-time backup

First backup after a software update or changing a large amount of data

A long time since the last backup

To speed up your backup, try to minimize other computer processes:

Don't back up during any of these processor-intensive activities:

Disc burning

Movie rendering

Spotlight indexing

Antivirus software scanning

Quit unused applications to free up memory, or install more memory in the computer.

Verify the source and destination disks with Disk Utility.

Use a different drive cable if you get I/O errors in the system.log.

If your drive supports multiple interfaces, try a different one.

Try backing up without a USB or FireWire hub.

For network backups, pick a time when the network is less busy.


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Use wired networks instead of wireless.

Back to top

Symptom #7: Backup Disk Fills Faster Than Expected

Summary

Backup disk fills faster than expected.

Resolution

Some files can be very large in size. What might appear to be small changes to these files still c

to be backed up with the next Time Machine backup. Consider a backup method other than Ti

these files.

Back to top

Symptom #8: Backup Is Interrupted

Summary

Time Machine backup is interrupted. Backup was not finished.

Resolution When Backup Drive = Network Volume

1. Check network connection (ethernet cable or AirPort).

2. Reconnect to the network volume.

3. Time Machine continues the backup when the network connection re-establishes.

Resolution When Backup Drive = Locally Connected Volume

You disconnected or unmounted external drive during the backup.

1. Reconnect or remount external drive.

2. Time Machine resumes the backup when you reconnect the drive.

Back to top

Symptom #9: Can't Find Item to Restore

Summary

Item(s) you'd like to restore can't be found.

Resolution

If you can't find an item to restore, it might not have been backed up yet.

Verify the following:

1. Time Machine is on.

2. Drive is recognized in the Time Machine preference pane.

3. Item, the folder or volume it resides in is not in the excluded items list.

Also consider the following:

Time Machine also deletes backups if they're too old.

If the volume is full, Time Machine will begin deleting the oldest backup.

You can also browse your Time Machine backups in the Finder.


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You can use Spotlight to search your Time Machine backups in the Finder.

Back to top

Symptom #10: Certain items are not backed up

Summary

Time Machine does not back up a particular file(s).

Resolution

If Time Machine doesnt back up one or more files, you may have excluded them from backups

Machine preferences.

1. Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Time Machine.

2. Click Options.

3. Look in the Do not back up list. To remove an item that should not be in the list, select it,

(-), and then click Done.

Note: In rare cases, Time Machine cant back up software from companies other than Apple duemade by that software. For more information, contact the manufacturer of the software.

Back to top

Setting Up Time Machine

About the First Backup

The first backup may take a while. You may want to set up Time Machine in the evening so that

backup can be done overnight. The Mac may be used during this time, however you should not

initial backup.

Portable Computer Users: Make sure to plug your portable computer in to AC power during yo

backup.

Time Capsule Users: The initial backup may be faster if you leave your computer in the same r

Time Capsule, or use an Ethernet cable to connect your computer to one of the Ethernet ports

Capsule.

Damaged Source File = Damaged Backup File

If the source volume has a damaged file on your source volume, then the backup is likely dama

unless the damage happened after the file was backed up.

Directory damage can cause file damage. Disk Utility's "Repair Disk" verifies and repairs directo

however, repairing the directory does not repair previously damaged files. Consider verifying a

disk prior to using Time Machine.

Time Machine Setup: External Hard Drive

1. Connect an external hard drive to your Mac.


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2. Time machine detects the drive, and will ask you if you'd like to use it as your backup disk.

backup disk.

3. Time machine will start an initial backup of everything on your Mac.

Time Machine Setup: Partition, Network Drive or Time Capsule

1. Choose Apple Menu > System Preferences.

2. Click Time Machine.

3. Click Select Disk.

4. Choose the disk/volume.


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Encrypt Backup Disk

Starting in OS X Lion, Time Machine allows users to encrypt their external backup disk. If it is n

any person who gains possession of the disk can read the information on it.

Existing non-encrypted backup disks can be converted to an encrypted backup by selecting the

choosing Encrypt backup disk.

Attention FileVault Users: You must choose to encrypt your backup disk if they wish for the d

drives to be secure. Turning on FileVault does not automatically encrypt a Time Machine backu

Learning Resources

"Mac 101 : Time Machine" (HT1427)

Time Machine Support Page

"Time Machine : Troubleshooting backup issues" (HT3275)

Exclude Items from Backup

You can exclude items from a Time Machine backup to save space on your backup disk.

1. Choose Apple Menu > System Preferences.

2. Click Time Machine.

3. Click Options.

4. To specify an item that shouldnt be backed up, click Add (+), and then select one or more

also drag items to the list. To remove an item from the list, select it, and then click Remove

5. Click Save.


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Automatically Excluded

The backup disk is automatically excluded from the items that should be backed up.

Excluding system files and applications?

Excluding OS X Lion system files and applications from a Time Machine backup will save space

disk. However, in case your startup disk requires repair or replacement, you will need to reinsta

and your applications.

How Backups are Stored

Time Machine organizes backups in a logical way that's easy to understand.

Local Backups

This is the file structure used by Time Machine to store local backups :

BackupHD Backups.backupdb MyMac

Computer Name

2011-07-20-091411

yyyy-mm-dd-hhmmss

Ma

Volu

Example: if you back up your computer, "My Mac" to the volume named "BackupHD" at 9:14:11

2011, the backup is located at /BackupHD/Backups.backupdb/MyMac/2011-07-20-091411.

Important Items Found in the Backup Folder

1. An alias called "Latest" that takes you to the most recent backup.

2. A package (folder that looks like a file) named like a backup and has the file extension ".in

the backup completes, an appropriate folder replaces this package.

Backups maybe separated by hours, days, or weeks

Depending on whether you keep Time Machine on and whether you keep your drive connected,

backups separated by hours, days, or weeks. Time Machine manages these backups to graduall

number of differences saved for the oldest files.


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Network and Time Capsule Backups

Network and Time Capsule Backups are stored in special kind of disk image called a Sparse Bun

(.sparsebundle). This mountable directory of banded files only takes up the amount of space ac

its contents compared to a traditional disk image that uses a fixed amount of space whether ful

The Time Capsule or network volume path to a Time Machine backup volume for is:

Backupvolume/yourcomputername.sparsebundle

Note: 'yourcomputername' is the name of your Mac (from the Sharing System Preference)

Enter Time Machine

Time Machine makes it easy to browse your backed-up files for items you want to restore. Whildisk is connected, choose one of the following:

Click the Time Machine icon in the Dock

Choose Enter Time Machine from the menu bar(If you selected Show Time Machine status in the menu bar, in Time Machine preferences)

Time Machine opens in full-screen mode with a window for each backup "going back in time".

shows the current state of the computer in the front. Snapshots of previous backups appear in

background:

1

2

3

4

56

7

Backups

These represent each Time Machine backup completed.

Currently viewed bac

You can navigate the currently viewed backup li


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Why the different colored snapshot markers?

The purple snapshot markers on the right side of the Time Machine screen represent a backup.

snapshots are represented by white markers (these only appear on portable computers).

Applications displayed instead of the Finder

Some applications store data in a way that may not be easy to navigate in the Finder such as Ad

Mail and iPhoto. Time Machine will display these applications instead of the Finder.

Example: If you have deleted an email by accident, open Mail and then start Time Machine from

Although Mail windows will be shown instead of Finder windows, it will have the same Time Ma

cancel, timeline controls.

Viewing Backups

There are three ways to view your backup data in the Time Machine window:

1. Use the Timeline

On the right side of the window is the Timeline. Use it to reach a certain point back in ti

the times of all backups on your backup disk). If you dont know exactly when you deleta file, you can use the back arrow to let Time Machine automatically travel through timewhen that folder last changed.

2. Use Spotlight

Perform a Spotlight search in the Time Machine Finder Window search field to find a file.the Spotlight search field and use the back arrow to have Time Machine search through

to find what you are looking for. The Finder window that opens in Time Machine works jregular Finder window.

3. Use Quicklook

Preview file contents to make sure its the one you want. Highlight the file and press the

bring up a preview.


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How do I delete items from backups?

To delete all backups of one or more items from a Time Machine backup, follow these steps:

1. Click the Time Machine icon on your Dock to enter the Time Machine restore interface.

2. Click on the item you would like to delete. Command-click to select multiple items.

3. Control-click (or right click) the highlighted item(s) and select "Delete All Backups of..." fro

contextual menu, or select "Delete all backups of..." from the Action Item menu.

4. Authenticate with an administrator password when prompted.

Important: Do not use the Finder to move to the items to the Trash, or to move or delete items

Machine backup repository.

Restore Process

Restore: Individual Files and Folders

1. Select the correct version of the file(s)/folder(s) you'd like to restore.

2. Click the "Restore" button.

3. The file will automatically be copied to the desktop or appropriate folder.

4. If the file you are restoring has another file in the same location with the same name, you

prompted to choose which file to keep or keep both.

Restore: Entire System

1. Connect your backup disk.


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2. Start up your Mac from the OS X Lion recovery partition.

3. Choose Restore From Time Machine Backup from the OS X Lion Utilities menu.

If "You can't restore this backup because it was created by a different model of Mac" appears w

backup that was made on a different Mac, follow the onscreen instructions.

Restoring a Time Machine backup on a different or new Mac?

Use Migration Assistant (Applications > Utilities) to transfer files onto a different or new Mac.

Troubleshooting Practice

Taken from the experiences of Apple service personnel, here is a troubleshooting scenario invo

presented in this course.

Scenario: Can't Find Backup of File

A customer reports that he is unable to locate a backup of a spreadsheet file on his home comp

misplaced the USB flash drive that he uses to bring work files home.

What procedures should you follow?

Click here to view answer

Lion Time Maching.pdf

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