Linux.unix Introduction
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Transcript of Linux.unix Introduction
8/8/2019 Linux.unix Introduction
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/linuxunix-introduction 1/19
Introduction to UNIX/Linux
Presented by:
Tounsi Yassine
Ecole Supérieure des Communications de Tunis
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Definition
Linux is an open source UNIX-like operating
system which is popular for it's robustness and
availability
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Linux/UNIX
Operating system
Whats an operating system?
Free (GNU) GNU's Not Unix
Open source
Not owned by anyone
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What ?
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UNIX was developed ~1970s
Code recycling the kernel
Linus Torvalds (F
innish student) Wouldnt it be nice to have a free UNIX for use at
home?
He released version 0.02 of Linux in 1991. In
1994 version 1.0 of Linux was released.
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History
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Sit closer to your operating system
And if you dont like, fix it yourself
Multi-userOpen source
More secure (bye-bye anti-virus)
Customization
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How is Linux different than windows ?
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Operating system versus windowing system
Linux windowing systems: Gnome, KDE, etc.
Flavors of Linux Debian, Ubuntu, Backtrack, RedHat, Fedora...
Which ones right for me?
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Customization
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Panoramic view of Linux OS
Hardware
Kernel
Shell
Applications
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Let¶s talk specifics«
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There are many file systems for Linux:
Extend 2
Extend 3 ReiserFS
For Microsft windows:
FAT (
File Allocation Table)
NTFS (v1.2, v3.0, v3.1)
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File system
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Under this directory, youll often see: /etc: Stores system configuration files, password
information
/usr: Stores user install programs and their configurationfiles
/bin: Base programs that are necessary for unix to bootup.
/home: Stores all user accounts
/var: Stores variable data, such as user email, a database. /tmp: Stores temporary files.
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File system
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Directory? User's Access Group Access Others¶ Access
- r w - r - - r - -
| | | | | |
Readable ---+ | | | | +--- Not executable
Writable -----+ | | +----- Not writable
Not executable -----+ +------- Readable
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File permission
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pwd (identifies current directory)
cd (change directory), cd .. (up one directory),
cd ../.. (up two directories) ls (looks in current directory) ls l (looks in
current directory and lists all permissions)
mkdir (make a new directory)rm remove/delete file
rm R remove/delete folde r
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Basic commandes
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mv and mv R moves files and folders
cp and cp R copies files and folders
ps and ps a (looks for all processes running)kill (will kill a process running)
man command (gives information about a
command) man wc
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Basic commandes
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| (pipe)
Passes output of one Linux command to input of
second command
ls |wc
Passes output of ls command to wc to get file count of
directory
Not limited to just one pipe can string more pipes
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Pipes
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>, < redirection
> filename (instead of display on a screen send
information to a file)
ls > file_list
pr ogr am < filename (passes content of a file to a
program for execution)
x pl or < ps f.i n p
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R edirection
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Modern languages are cross-platform, likePython, Ruby, Perl, Java
Most Linux distros support these languages
and have their runtimes pre-installed
GTK+ and Q t are widely used to designapplications for Linux
IDEs like NetBeans, Anjuta, KDevelop,MonoDevelop, Eclipse are available for Linuxtoo
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Programming in Linux