LINKING WORDS

CONCESSION AND CONTRAST

Linking two ideas that contrast with eachotherLinking two ideas that contrast with eachother

While WhereasOn the other handYetbut

AlthoughEven thoughThoughAsIn spite ofDespite In spite of the factDespite the fact

WHILE / WHEREAS / BUT / ON THE WHILE / WHEREAS / BUT / ON THE OTHER HAND / YET + CLAUSEOTHER HAND / YET + CLAUSE

He is tall He is tall while / whereas / but / on the while / whereas / but / on the other handother hand she is short. she is short.Football is popular in England Football is popular in England while / yet / while / yet / but / on the other handbut / on the other hand in Australia they in Australia they prefer cricet.prefer cricet.Jack thinks we’re ready to begin Jack thinks we’re ready to begin while / while / whereas / yet / butwhereas / yet / but Tom thinks we still Tom thinks we still need to wait.need to wait.

ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH / THOUGH(informal) + CLAUSETHOUGH(informal) + CLAUSE

AlthoughAlthough Maria is a clever student, she didn’t Maria is a clever student, she didn’t receive a schoolarship.receive a schoolarship.Or Maria didn’t receive a schoolarship Or Maria didn’t receive a schoolarship although although she is a clever student.she is a clever student.AlthoughAlthough the cafe was crowded, we found a the cafe was crowded, we found a table.table.ThoughThough it was raining, they swam in the sea. it was raining, they swam in the sea.I liked the sweater. I decided not to buy it I liked the sweater. I decided not to buy it thoughthough..

Adjective / Adjective / AdverbAdverb + + asas + + subjectsubject + + verbverbHardHard as as II trytry, my cooking isn’t so good as , my cooking isn’t so good as yours.yours.QuicklyQuickly as as theythey workedworked, they failed to finish , they failed to finish the task in time.the task in time.

Much as + clause

Much as I like sports, I dislike football.Much as he tried, he couldn’t persuade his father.

Despite / In spite of + Despite / In spite of + nounnoun (pronoun(pronounDespite / In spite of + Despite / In spite of + _ing_ing

We went out We went out in spite of / despitein spite of / despite the rainthe rain..Despite / in spiteDespite / in spite ofof their wealththeir wealth, they aren’t, they aren’t happy.happy.Jane went on working Jane went on working in spite of / despitein spite of / despite feelfeelinging unwell. unwell.She wasn’t well, but She wasn’t well, but despite / in spite ofdespite / in spite of this she this she went to work.went to work.Despite / In spite ofDespite / In spite of not hav not havinging an umbrella, I an umbrella, I walked home in the rain.walked home in the rain.

I didn’t get the job I didn’t get the job despitedespite / / in spite ofin spite of havhavinging all the necessary qualifications. all the necessary qualifications.

Despite the fact / In spite of the fact + Despite the fact / In spite of the fact + that _clausethat _clauseIn spite of the factIn spite of the fact / / Despite the factDespite the fact that that they are rich, they aren’t happy.they are rich, they aren’t happy.I didn’t get the job I didn’t get the job in spite of the factin spite of the fact / / despite the factdespite the fact that I have all the that I have all the necessary qualifications.necessary qualifications.He is a good company He is a good company in spite of the factin spite of the fact that / that / despite the factdespite the fact that he talks all the that he talks all the time.time.

EXERCISES EXERCISES A.A. Join the sentences using “although, whereas, Join the sentences using “although, whereas,

despite, but, while or in spite of”despite, but, while or in spite of”1.Sarah is a company director.2.Sarah enjoys her job.3.Sarah loves classical music.4.Sarah owns a new Porche.5.Sarah is tall with dark hair.

a.Sarah works long hours.b.Sarah’s boyfriend likes rock music.c. Sarah’s mother is short with blonde hair.d.Sarah is only 26.e.Sarah never drives to work.

EXAMPLE: Sarah is a company director EXAMPLE: Sarah is a company director despitedespite / / in spite ofin spite of being only 26. being only 26.

B. Look at the example and rewrite the sentences as many ways as possible.

1.The weather was bad. The ship departed.- Although / Even though the weather was bad, the ship departed.- In spite of / Despite the bad weather, the ship departed.- In spite of the fact that the weather was bad, the ship departed.

2.2. She had enough money for the dress. She She had enough money for the dress. She didn’t buy it.didn’t buy it.

-Although / Even though she had enough money for the dress, she didn’t buy it.-Despite / In spite of having enough money, she didn’t buy the dress.-Despite the fact that / In spite of the fact that she had enough money for the dress, She didn’t buy it.-She had enough money for the dress. She didn’t buy it, though

3.3. She is sixty years old. She still goes jogging. She is sixty years old. She still goes jogging.

-Although / Even though she is sixty, she still goes jogging.

-Despite / In spite of being sixty, she still goes joggging.

-Despite / In spite of the fact that she is sixty, she still goes jogging.

C. Rephrase the sentences.C. Rephrase the sentences.1. Although my mother is from Paris, I have never 1. Although my mother is from Paris, I have never

been there.been there.

(Despite the fact) 2. In spite of having travelled the world, he is narrow-minded.

(Although)3. He is a sailor but he can’t swim.

(In spite of)4. He did his best. He came last.

(yet)

D. Choose the correct one.D. Choose the correct one.

1. My sister is dark, 1. My sister is dark, whereas / despite I’m blonde.

2. Despite / Yet going on a diet, she put on fivekilos.Even though3. / Despite we’re good friends,

we don’t meet very often4. My mother is French whereas / even though

my father is Polish.

5. I invited Sue. She didn’t come, although /though

Thank You