Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) - University of...
Transcript of Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) - University of...
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Photo: Hannah Marx
Lilium columbianum Xerophyllum tenax
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
Trillium ovatum
Photo: Hannah Marx
Photo: Ben Legler
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Fritillaria lanceolata
Allium vineale
Ref.1
Textbook DVDKRR&DLN
Erythronium americanum
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
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Ref.2
Tulipa gesneriana
Herbs;
Stems often modified as underground rhizomes,corms, or bulbs;
Flowers actinomorphic;3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals,6 stamens,3 carpels,ovary superior (or inferior).
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
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“Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family; 288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa;
This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of thePacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic.
It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense andsome of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae,Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae,Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae,Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”)
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
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Iridaceae (Iris family)
Iris pseudacorusPhoto: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx
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Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium sp.
Iridaceae (Iris family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan
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Iridaceae (Iris family)
Gladiolus italicusRef.3
Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species, Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium.
Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial;
Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms;
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant (oriented edgewise to the stem;
Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic;
3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals;
Stamens 3;
Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior.
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Lysichitum americanum
Araceae (Arum family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Textbook DVD KRR
Monstera deliciosa
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Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Araceae (Arum family)
Arisaema triphyllum
Spadix: Spike with a thickened, fleshy axis, as characteristic of members of the Araceae.
Spike: Simple, indeterminate inflorescence with asingle axis bearing sessile flowers.
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Spike
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complete - all four whorls presentincomplete - one or more whorlsmissingperfect - both reproductive whorlspresent; bisexualimperfect - one reproductivewhorl missing; unisexualmonoecious - plants withimperfect (unisexual) flowers, inwhich both sexes are on the sameplantdioecious - plants with imperfect(unisexual) flower, in which eachsex is on a separate plantPolygamous - plants with bothperfect (bisexual) and imperfect(unisexual) flowers on the sameplant
Araceae (Arum family)
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Arisaema triphyllum
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Araceae (Arum family)
Ref.4
Amorphophallus titaniumPhoto: Yaowu Yuan
Doug Ewing, our greenhouse manager,holding an Amorphophallus plant
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Araceae (Arum family)
Araceae - 109 genera/2830 species, Including Lysichitum (skunk cabbage),Amorphophyllus (corpse flower).
Herbs (some epiphytes), mostly tropical;
Leaves simple to compound;
Inflorescence consisting of
spathe - large leaf-like to petal-like bract subtending the flowers
spadix- axis on which the flowers are borne
often with a sterile extension towards the tip called an “appendix”
Flowers unisexual (sometimes bisexual)
monoecious or dioecious;
if monoecious, males flowers above, female flowers below
Fetid odor;
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Bulbophyllum echinolabium
lobellum
Nctar spur
Lobellum: “Lip” of an orchid perianth; the adaxial member of the inner whorl of perianth parts (butdue to rotation of the flower, at anthesis usually placed as the lowermost perianth part), and differentiatedfrom the other perianth parts in size, form, and/or coloration.
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Bletilla striataColumn: structure formed by the fused style and stigma plus stamens of orchids.Pollinium (pl. pollinia): mass of pollen grains transported as a unit, as in many Orchidaceae plants.
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
These images are all from the same source, ref.6
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
5 minutes later
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Mass of pollen grains (pollinia) transported as a unit by pollinators-all or nothing! to fertilize all eggs in another flower.
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Textbook DVD DLN
Epidendrum radiatum
Epiphytic plants: plants that are supported by some structure other thantheir own stem (usually other plants).
Pseudobulb: thickened internode on the stem of many epiphytic orchids .
Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)
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Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)
Velamen: a spongy multi-layered epidermis that covers the roots of many epiphytic orchids.
Modifications for drought resistance:
-Pseudobulb, store water and nutrients;
-The thickened aerial roots stronglymycorrhizal (mutualism with fungi), often covered with a velamen that absorbswater from air.
-Sunken stomata on leaves, allow CO2 in andO2 out but little H2O out.
-Thick waxy cuticle (waxy surface covering plant to prevent water loss).
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Orchidaceae - 775 genera/19,5000 species.Perhaps the family with the largest number of species (20,000 - 45, 000);Many tropical epiphytic orchid species probably still unknown;Often very close association with insect pollinator – tight co-evolution.
Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic (all terrestrial in PNW);
Flowers zygomorphic,
petals 3, one modified as a “labellum”; sepals 3, one may have a spur;
pollen aggregated into pollinia;
style, stigma, and stamens fused to form the column;
ovary inferior.
Seeds minute, without endosperm, require a fungal partner to germinate successfully and for continued growth. Each ovary has 1000s of ovules;
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Monocots vs. Dicots
Ref.7
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AngiospermAmbo
rella
Nymph
aeales
Austrob
ailey
ales
“Basal angiosperm”
Phylogeny of angiosperms
Magno
liidss
Mon
ocots
Eudico
ts
After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374
Parallel venation
scattered vascularbundles
1 cotyledonTricolpate pollen
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Image Source
Ref.1 http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.phpRef.2 http://www.freefoto.com/images/12/61/12_61_52---Tulip_web.jpgRef.3 http://www.maltawildplants.com/IRID/Pics/GLDIT/GLDIT-Gladiolus_italicus_t.jpgRef.4 http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/images/corpseflower.jpgRef.5 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/2153/littleorchid.jpgRef.6 http://weesc.com/LS_hybridisation.htmlRef.7 http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week8/dicotmonocot.gifRef.8 http://www.botany.unibe.ch/paleo/pollen_e/images/jpeg/rem/Acer_campestre_zpIII18_9.jpg