LEWIS & DONOVAN 1993_Caribbean Fossil Echinoids

Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 29, No. 3-4, 186-201, 1993Copyright 1993 College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

The H. L. Hawkins Collection of Caribbean Fossil Echinoids:Annotated Catalog of Rediscovered Specimens from the

University of Reading, England

STEPHEN K. DONOVAN1

AND D AVID N. LEWIS2

1Departenent of Geology, University of the West Indies,Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica

2Department of Paleontology, Natural History Museum,Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, England

A BSTRACT . – The reference collection of Caribbean fossil echinoids belonging to H. L. Hawkins is doc-umented for the first time. Hitherto ‘lost’ specimens of Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske and Echinolampasdepressa? Gray from the Lower Pleistocene, and Upper Oligocene Echinolampas lycopersicus? Guppy, allfrom Jamaica, are figured for the first time. Previously unrecorded echinoids from the Upper Pleistoceneof St. Kitts are Echinolampas depressa? Guppy and Clypeaster rosaceus (Linne). Orthopsis sp. is reportedfrom the Upper Cretaceus of Jamaica for the first time. A third specimen, Eocene in age, of the Jamaicantoxopneustid Scoliechinus axiologus Arnold and Clark is reported. Some specimens are apparently mis-labeled, such as a test of the Miocene, Mediterranean taxon Echinolampas lucae (Desor), supposedlycollected from the Oligocene of Jamaica.

INTRODUCTION

Although subsequent studies have add-ed to the fauna, the principal monographicdescriptions of Jamaican fossil echinoidswere published by Arnold and Clark ( 1927,1934) and Hawkins (1923, 1924, 1927). Ar-nold and Clark’s collection is in the Mu-seum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard.A smaller collection made by Arnold is inthe National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian Institution. Type and figuredspecimens described and discussed byHawkins (1923, 1924, 1927) are in the col-lections of the Natural History Museum,London (Table 1). These specimens wereadequately described and figured in theseoriginal papers.

To these specimens we now add the re-search collection of Caribbean fossil echi-noids that Hawkins accumulated from var-ious sources and which hitherto was housedin the Department of Geology (now Post-graduate Research Institute in Sedimen-tology), University of Reading, England.This collection has not been described orcataloged. It is dominated by specimensfrom Jamaica and is an important research

source—the Jamaican fauna being one ofthe best known from the Caribbean region.Indeed, the Hawkins collection is repre-sentative of the Jamaican fauna as a whole,including specimens from Cretaceus toPleistocene in age, unlike, for example, theArnold collection in the Smithsonian In-stitution which is limited to Eocene taxa(Donovan, 1988a). Furthermore, the Haw-kins collection includes specimens fromother Caribbean islands, some of whoseechinoids are, at best, poorly known. Thepresent paper is an annotated catalog ofthis collection, with discussion, where ap-propriate, of significant specimens (for dis-cussion of other species, see Donovan,1993a, b).

Descriptive terminology used hereinfollows Melville and Durham (1966). Theclassification of echinoids is essentially thatof Smith (1981, 1984). The use of open no-menclature follows the protocol suggestedby Bengtson (1988). All specimens are nowdeposited in the Natural History Museum,London (BMNH). Collectors are abbrevi-ated as follows: H.L.H. = H. L. Hawkins;C.A.M. = C. A. Matley; C.T.T. = C. T. Trech-mann. Biographical and bibliographical

186

CARIBBEAN FOSSIL ECHINOIDS 187

TABLE 1. BMNH registration numbers of specimens described by Hawkins (1923, 1924, 1927). Taxonomicassignations have been revised as necessary. Key: (H) = holotype; (P) = paratype; * = lost (see Donovan,1990:212); + = radiole.

Hawkins (1923): Cretaceus

Diadematoid radioleHemiaster sp. (or spp.)Heterosalenia occidentalis Hawkins, 1923

Metholectypus trechmanni Hawkins, 1923Phyllacanthus leoni (Lambert and Sanchez Roig in Sanchez Roig, 1949)Pygopistes? rudistarum (Hawkins, 1923)

Hawkins (1924): Cretaceus

Goniopygus supremus Hawkins, 1924Hemiaster sp.

Hawkins (1924): Cenozoic

Amblypygus americanus Michelin, 1856Brissus sp. indet.Echinolampas sp. indet.Echinopsis simplex (Hawkins, 1924)Eupatagus alatus Arnold and Clark, 1927Eupatagus cf. antillarum (Cotteau, 1875)Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins, 1927)Haimea ovumserpentis (Guppy, 1866)Linthia trechmanni Hawkins, 1924Plagiobrissus cf. loveni (Cotteau, 1875)Prionocidaris loveni (Cotteau, 1875)Schizaster cf. subcylindricus Cotteau, 1875Schizaster sp. indet.Schizaster? sp. juv.Spatangoid sp. indet.

Hawkins (1927): Cenozoic

Eupatagus hildae Hawkins, 1927Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins, 1927)Fibularia jacksoni Hawkins, 1927cf. Neolaganum dalli (Twitchell in Clark and Twitchell, 1915)Plagiobrissus loveni (Cotteau, 1875)

E16658* +E16646-E16656E16643 (H)E16644 (P)E16642 (H)E16657E16645 (H)

E17205 (H)E17206

E17222E17226E17212E17208 (H)E17216E17225E17213, E17214E17209-E17211E17219 (H)E17220E17207+E17217, E17218E17223, E17224E17221E17215

E17664 (H)E17666 (H)E17665 (H)E17667, E17668E17663

notes concerning H. L. Hawkins may befound in Walder and Butcher ( 1967), Anon.(1967) and Butcher (1969).

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Class ECHINOIDEA LeskeOrder CIDAROIDA Claus

Remark. — The cidaroid classification usedherein follows Smith and Wright (1989).

Family CIDARIDAE GraySubfamily CIDARINAE Gray

Tribe CIDARINI GrayGenus Prionocidaris A. Agassiz

Prionocidaris loveni (Cotteau, 1875)

Synonymy. — See Cutress (1980:106)(=Cidaris sp. indet. of Hawkins, 1924:317).

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2787, from Spring Mount, par-ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton For-mation, Yellow Limestone Group; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.

Remarks. — See Cutress (1980:Pl. 10) forrecent illustrations of the test of this spe-cies.

Genus Phyllacanthus BrandtPhyllacanthus peloria (Jackson, 1922)

Cidaris peloria Jackson, 1922:16-17, Pl. 1,Figs. 2-5.

Phyllacanthus peloria (Jackson); Cutress,1980:131-134, Pl. 13; Poddubiuk andRose, 1985: Table 1; Lewis, 1986:53.

188 S. K. DONOVAN AND D. N. LEWIS

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A crushedand incomplete test, BMNH EE 2812, as-sociated with a pair of joined interambu-lacral plates, from Judges Bay (possiblymislabeled for Hedge’s Bay; see Trech-mann, 1941), Antigua. Antigua Formation;Upper Oligocene, Chattian. Collected byH. L. H., 1957.

Remarks. — Poddubiuk and Rose (1985)considered two cidaroids, P. peloria andPrionocidaris spinidentatus (Palmer), to befound in the Antigua Formation. The testsof these two species are easily differenti-ated (compare Cutress, 1980:Pl. 7, Fig. 1with Pl. 13, Fig. 3). Although poorly pre-served, this specimen is significant, beingat least as good as the test figured by Cu-tress (1980:Pl. 13, Fig. 3) in her monograph-ic study of the Caribbean fossil cidaroids.

Order PEDINOIDA MortensenFamily PEDINIDAE Pomel

Genus Stenechinus Arnold and ClarkRemarks. — The genus Stenechinus is only

known from the Eocene of Jamaica.

Stenechinus sp.Material, Locality and Horizon. — A large

test, BMNH EE 2820, is from Spring Mount,parish of St. James, Jamaica. Three othertests, BMNH EE 2788 (cut in two), EE 2789,EE 2790, all from north of Guys Hill, parishof St. Mary, Jamaica. Chapelton Formation,Yellow Limestone Group; mid Lower tomid Middle Eocene. Collected by C.T.T.

Remarks. — The original labels on thesespecimens assign them to Stenechinus per-plexus (EE 2788-EE 2790) and Stenechinus sp.(EE 2820). Only two species of this genusare known. Donovan (1993b:Fig. 4.9, 4.10)questioned whether the type species, S. re-gularis, can be separated from S. perplexus.The specimens cataloged herein are notwell-preserved and it is conservative togroup them together as Stenechinus sp.

Order SALENIOIDA Delage and HerouardFamily ACROSALENIIDAE Gregory

Genus Heterosalenia CotteauHeterosalenia occidentalis

Hawkins, 1923Synonymy. — See Donovan (1990).Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,

BMNH EE 2792, from the Marchmont In-

lier, Catadupa, parish of St. James, Jamaica.Titanosarcolites Limestone; Upper Creta-ceus, Maastrichtian. Collected by C.T.T.

Remarks. — This species was redescribedand refigured by Donovan (1990:212-215,Pl. 3, Text-figs. 4, 5).

Order PHYMOSOMATOIDA MortensenFamily ARBACIIDAE Gray

Genus Goniopygus L. AgassizGoniopygus supremus Hawkins, 1924

Synonymy. — See Donovan (1990).Material, Locality and Horizon. — One and

a half tests, BMNH EE 2798, EE 2799, fromthe Marchmont Inlier, Catadupa railwaycutting, parish of St. James, Jamaica. Titano-sarcolites Limestone; Upper Cretaceus,Maastrichtian. A third specimen, BMHHEE 2761, is from ‘Cretaceus, Jamaica.’ Allcollected by C.T.T.

Remarks. — This species has been rede-scribed and refigured by Donovan (1990:205-212, Pls. 1, 2, Text-figs. 1-3), who not-ed that the holotype, upon which the orig-inal description was based (Hawkins, 1924:313-316, Pl. 18, Figs. 1, 2), is aberrant. It isunusually wide and low, with very nu-merous pore pairs in each ambulacral col-umn. The specimens documented hereinappear to fall within the ‘normal’ range ofmorphology defined graphically by Don-ovan (1990:Test-fig. 2).

Order ECHINOIDA ClausFamily TOXOPNEUSTIDAE TroschelGenus Scoliechinus Arnold and Clark

Scoliechinus axiologusArnold and Clark, 1927

Synonymy. — See Donovan (1992:23).Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,

BMNH EE 2802, from Spring Mount, par-ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton For-mation, Yellow Limestone Group; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.

Remarks. — This is only the third speci-men of Scoliechinus axiologus to be recorded.Although the details of the test are poorlypreserved, the characteristic pattern of am-bulacral pore pairs is visible (see Donovan,1992:Fig. 2C, D). Donovan (1992:23-26,Figs. 1, 2; see also Donovan, 1993a; Don-ovan and Bowen, 1989) concluded that the


age of this species was late Campanian, butthe locality and horizon data of the Haw-kins specimen places it firmly within theEocene, suggesting the latter age to be cor-rect.

Order ORTHOPSIDA MortensenFamily ORTHOPSIDAE Duncan

Genus Orthopsis CotteauOrthopsis sp. (Fig. 1)

Material, Locality and Horizon. — Two tests.BMNH EE 2785 (Fig. 1a, b) is from theMarchmont Inlier, “opposite Catadupa,”parish of St. James, Jamaica. TitanosarcolitesLimestone; Upper Cretaceus, Maastrich-tian. BMNH EE 2786 (Fig. 1c-e) is from theCentral Inlier, “Rodons River, 5 m[iles] Nof Logic Green,” parish of Clarendon, Ja-maica. Guinea Corn Formation; Maastrich-tian. Both collected by C.T.T.

Remarks. — This is the first report of Or-thopsis from the Upper Cretaceus of Ja-maica. Although neither specimen is par-ticularly well-preserved, both show thedistinctive pattern of ambulacral platingtypical of this genus.

Order HOLECTYPOIDA DuncanSuborder ECHINONEINA H. L. Clark

Family ECHINONEIDAEL. Agassiz and Desor

Genus Echinoneus LeskeEchinoneus cyclostomus Leske, 1778

(Fig. 2a-c)

Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske; Hawkins inTrechmann, 1930:216; Donovan, 1988b:Table 1; 1993b.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2781 (Fig. 2a-c), from Manchi-oneal, parish of Portland, Jamaica. Man-chioneal Formation; Lower Pleistocene,Calabrian. Collected by C.T.T.

Remarks. — The rediscovery of this spec-imen is significant, since it is one of onlythree species of holectypoid described fromthe Jamaican fossil record. The Manchi-oneal E. cyclostomus was identified by Haw-kins for Trechmann (1930), but its where-abouts was unknown (Donovan, 1993b)until now. A description of this species,based on Recent specimens, appears inDonovan (1993b).

Incerti subordinisIncertae familiae

Genus Amblypygus L. AgassizAmblypygus americanus

Michelin, 1856

Synonymy. — See Cooke (1959:27).Material, Locality and Horizon. — A

BMNH EE 2796, from Spring Mount,ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapeltonmation, Yellow Limestone Group;

test,par-For-mid

Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.

Remarks. — This species was not previ-ously recorded from this locality or for-mation (Donovan, 1993b:Fig. 9.1, 9.2).

Order OLIGOPYGOIDA KierFamily OLIGOPYGIDAE Duncan

Genus Oligopygus de LoriolOligopygus jamaicensis

Arnold and Clark, 1927

Synonymy. — See Kier (1967:63).Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,

BMNH EE 2765, from the Eocene of Ja-maica. Collected by C.A.M.

Remarks. — This specimen was labelled asO. hypselus, which Kier (1967:63-67, P1. 16,Figs. 1-7, Text-figs. 29, 30) considered tobe a junior subjective synonym of O. ja-maicensis.

Genus Haimea MichelinHaimea alta (Arnold and Clark, 1927)

Synonymy. — See Kier (1967:102).Material, Locality and Horizon. — Two tests,

BMNH EE 2762, EE 2809, are includedwithin this species. EE 2762 is from theEocene of Jamaica and was collected byC.A.M. EE 2809 is from the Eocene YellowLimestone Group and was collected byC.A.M. or C.T.T.

Remarks. — H. alta was most recently fig-ured by Kier (1967:Pl. 4, Fig. 3, Pl. 25, Fig.5, Pl. 26, Text-figs. 5, 20A, 41, 43, 44).

Haimea cf. cylindrical(Arnold and Clark, 1927)

Synonymy. — See Kier (1967:108).Material, Locality and Horizon. — A

BMNH EE 2814, from Spring Mount,ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapeltonmation, Yellow Limestone Group;

test,par-For-mid

FIG. 1. Orthopsis sp. a, b, BMNH EE 2785. a, apical view. b., oral view. c-e, BMNH EE2786. c, apical view.d, oral view. e, lateral view. Scale bar represents 10 mm.


Lower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.

Remarks. — H. cylindrical was most re-cently figured by Kier (1967:Pl. 27, Fig. 6,Pl. 28, Pl. 29, Figs. 1, 2, Text-figs. 44, 45).

Haimea ovumserpentis(Guppy, 1866) group

Synonymy. — See Kier (1967:121-122).Material, Locality and Horizon. — BMNH

EE 2763 and EE 2764 come from the Eoceneof Jamaica, and were collected by C.A.M.BMNH EE 2806 and EE 2807 (collected byC.T.T.) are from the Yellow LimestoneGroup (Eocene) of Jamaica.

Remarks. — The Jamaican species of Hai-mea require a thorough reappraisal (Don-ovan, 1988a:37; 1993b:Fig. 9.7, 9.8). Mostspecimens of this genus found on the is-land are probably referable to H. ovumser-pentis.

BMNH EE 2764, an unusually large spec-imen, was originally labelled Oligopygus ja-maicensis. However, the peristome of thistaxon is distinctly pentagonal (=Haimea)and not elliptical (=Oligopygus).

Haimea? sp.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — BMNHEE 2824 from “Tertiary. Loc. K122 (col. ofSugar Loaf).” BMNH EE 2846-EE 2848 arefrom locality ‘DK286,’ within a few milesof Henry Spring Bay, Jamaica, and are pre-sumed to be Eocene. Collected by C.A.M.

Remarks. — EE 2824 comes from the samelocality as spatangoid? sp. indet. (EE2824;see below).

Order CLYPEASTEROIDA A. AgassizSuborder CLYPEASTERINA A. AgassizFamily CLYPEASTERIDAE L. Agassiz

Genus Clypeaster LamarckClypeaster cf. batheri Lambert, 1915

Synonymy. — See Poddubiuk and Rose(1985 :Table 1).

Material, Locality and Horizon. — An in-complete test, BMNH EE 2822, from Wil-loughby Bay, southeast Antigua. AntiguaFormation; Upper Oligocene, Chattian.Collector unknown.

Remarks. — Poddubiuk and Rose (1985)listed three species of Clypeaster from theAntigua Formation; C. batheri Lambert, C.julli Roman and C. oxybaphon Jackson. Al-though poorly preserved, this specimen isclosest to C. batheri (see figure in Lambert,1915:Pl. 3, Figs. 3-7).

Clypeaster sp. cf. C. rosaceus(Linne, 1758) (Figs. 2d, 3,4)

Material, Locality and Horizon. — BMNHEE 2819 (Figs. 2d, 3, 4) is from BrimstoneHill, St. Kitts. The Pleistocene limestonesof Brimstone Hill have given a radiocarbondate of 44 ± 1.2 ka (Westermann and Kiel,1961, loc. cit. Maury et al., 1990; for a geo-logical map of the island, see Baker, 1984:Fig. 2). Collected by ‘Mr. Robson.’

BMNH EE 2823, a large test, is from theupper part of the Hope River Gorge belowAugust Town, parish of St. Andrew, Ja-maica. Lower Coastal Group, August TownFormation; Plio-Pleistocene? BMNH EE2841 (partial test), EE 2842 (fragment) andEE 2843 (near-complete test) are from thelower part of the same gorge.

Remarks. — BMNH EE 2819 and a test ofEchinolampas depressa? (see below) are thefirst fossil echinoids reported from St. Kitts.This is particularly important as fossil echi-noids from the Pleistocene of the Carib-bean are poorly documented (Donovan etal., in press). The original specimen labelreads “Clypeaster antillarum Cotteau. Con-glomerate Beds. ?Oligocene.” Clypeasterantillarum is a large, moderately inflatedClypeaster similar to C. rosaceus. The typespecimen, of uncertain provenance (andhence age; Poddubiuk and Rose, 1985:121),

FIG. 2. Caribbean fossil echinoids. a-c, Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, BMNH EE 2781. b, apical view. c, oralview. d, lateral view, anterior towards right. d, Clypeaster rosaceus? (Linne), BMNH EE 2819, lateral view,anterior towards bottom of page. e-j, Echinolampas depressa? Gray. e-g, BMNH EE 2782. e, apical view. f, oralview. g, lateral view, anterior towards left. h-j, BMNH EE 2815. h, apical view, stereo pair. i, oral view. j,lateral view, anterior towards left. Scale bar represents 10 mm.


was figured by Jackson (1922:Pl. 5) and isvery similar to extant C. rosaceus (comparewith Donovan, 1993 b:Fig. 10.1, 10.2), al-though the ambulacral petals are narrowerand more closed. The St. Kitts specimen isconsidered closer to C. rosaceus.

Chubb (1958:29) recorded Clypeaster fromthe Hope River Gorge. EE 2823 is perhapsthe closest to C. rosaceus, but none of thespecimens is sufficiently well-preserved forconfident identification. Clypeaster sp. cf.C. rosaceus has also been reported from theRound Hill Beds (correlated with the Au-gust Town Formation) of southern Clar-endon (Donovan et al., 1989).

Suborder LAGANINA MortensenFamily FIBULARIIDAE Gray

Genus Fibularia LamarckFibularia jacksoni Hawkins, 1927

Fibularia jacksoni Hawkins, 1927:76-77, Pl.22, Figs. 1-3; Arnold and Clark, 1927:27-28, Pl. 4, Figs. 3-5; McFarlane, 1977:1398;Kier and Lawson, 1978:61; Lewis, 1986:29; Donovan, 1988b:Table 1; 1993b; Don-ovan et al., 1991:6.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — Four tests,BMNH EE 2773-EE 2776, from the Eoceneof Jamaica. Collected by C.A.M.

Family NEOLAGANIDAE DurhamGenus Neolaganum Durham

cf. Neolaganum cf. dalli (Twitchellin Clark and Twitchell, 1915)

Sismondia crustula Hawkins, 1927:78-79, Pl.22, Figs. 4,5; Arnold and Clark, 1927:28;Kier and Lawson, 1978:66; Lewis, 1986:64-65; Donovan, 1988 b: Table 1.

cf. Neolaganum dalli (Twitchell); Donovan,1993b.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — Seventests, BMNH EE 2766-EE 2772, from theEocoene of Jamaica. Collected by C.A.M.

Remarks. — Ten other tests, BMNH EE2830-EE 2839, from south of Christiana,parish of Manchester (Yellow LimestoneGroup, Chapelton Formation), may alsobelong to this species, but are too poorlypreserved for positive identification.

Incertae familiaeClypeasteroid indet. sp. A

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2826, from Claremont, parish ofSt. Ann, Jamaica. White Limestone Super-group, presumably Claremont Formation;mid Middle to mid Upper Eocene. Collec-tor unknown.

Remarks. — What is exposed of this low,slightly elongated test is moderately well-preserved, but it is enclosed in a well-lith-ified limestone. The echinoid fauna of theClaremont Formation is poorly known andonly five nominal taxa have been identi-fied (Donovan et al., 1991: Table 1). EE 2826represents a sixth species from this unit.

Clypeasteroid indet. sp. BMaterial, Locality and Horizon. — A test,

BMNH EE 2829, from “Plio-Pleisto. raisedcoral rock, N.E. Jamaica.”

Remarks. — This fragment of a flattenedclypeasteroid may, on the evidence of li-thology, have come from the last intergla-cial Falmouth Formation. Furthermore,among the gastropod adhering to the testis a specimen ofaBulls striata, a species well-known from certain facies of the FalmouthFormation. If this stratigraphic identifica-tion is correct, this becomes the first cly-peasteroid recorded from the FalmouthFormation (Gordon and Donovan, 1992).Presumably, it represents a fragment of oneof the extant Jamaican species, either Mel-lita quinquiesperforata (Leske) or Leodia sex-iesperforata (Linne). Also adhering to thetest is a radiole of the cidaroid Eucidaristribuloides (Lamarck), a common species inthe Pleistocene of Jamiaca.

Order CASSIDULOIDA ClausFamily ECHINOLAMPIDAE GRAY

Genus Echinolampas GrayEchinolampas altissima

Arnold and Clark, 1927Synonymy. — See Donovan (1988a:39).Material, Locality and Horizon. — A single

test, BMNH EE 2797, from Spring Mount,parish of St. James, Jamaica. ChapeltonFormation, Yellow Limestone Group; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.


Remarks. — This species was figured byArnold and Clark (1927:Pl. 9, Figs. 1-4).

Echinolampas depressa?Gray, 1851 (Fig. 2e-j)

Echinolampas(?) sp. nov. (?) Hawkins inTrechmann, 1930:216; Donovan, 1988b:Table 1; 1991:43; 1993b.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2782 (Fig. 2e-g), from Manchi-oneal, parish of Portland, Jamaica. Man-chioneal Formation; Lower Pleistocene,Calabrian. Collected by C.T.T.

A second test, BMNH EE 2815 (Fig. 2h-j), is for Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts, of latePleistocene age (44 ± 1.2 ka; see Clypeastercf. rosaceus, above). This was presumablythe specimen identified by Hawkins forTrechmann (1932:248) as Echinolampas. Col-lected by C.T.T.

Remarks. — The Jamaican test is poorlypreserved (Fig. 2e-g), but is tentatively re-ferred to E. depressa by reference to Mooi’s(1990a) key. This specimen was one of threeechinoid taxa identified from the Manchi-oneal Formation by Hawkins. Echinoneuscyclostomus Leske is discussed above, butthe cidaroid radioles from Navy Island,parish of Portland, have not been located.Mooi (1990a:75-76) noted that the range ofextant E. depressa is Florida, the Caribbeanand Central America, and northern SouthAmerica to French Guyana. This specieslives infaunally in coarse, carbonate sandsbetween 30 and 310+ m water depth (Mooi,1990b). See Clypeaster cf. rosaceus, above, fora discussion of the importance of the spec-imen from St. Kitts.

Echinolampas lucae(Desor in Agassiz and Desor, 1847)

(Figs. 5a, c, 6a)

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A singletest, BMNH EE 2816 (Figs. 5a, c, 6a). Theoriginal label states: “Echinolampas. Formn.

Tertiary (possibly Oligocene White Lime-s tone . J ama ica ) . Loc . no t r eco rded .Coll. —.”

Remarks. — This test is quite unlike anyEchinolampas hitherto recorded from Ja-maica or elsewhere in the Caribbean. Itcompares well with the test of E. lucae fig-ured by Kier (1962:Pl. 30, Fig. 5, Pl. 31, Fig.1, Pl. 32, Fig. 1). However, E. lucae is oth-erwise limited to the Miocene of the Med-iterranean region (Kier, 1962:111). Proba-bly, the available locality information,which is obviously speculative, is incorrectand BMNH 2816 is not a Caribbean echi-noid. Nevertheless, we have figured thistest for comparative purposes in case ourinterpretation is incorrect.

Echinolampas lycopersicus?Guppy, 1866 (Figs. 5b, 6b, c)

Echinolampas anguillae Cotteau; Arnold andClark, 1927:48.

Echinolampas “anguillae” (Cotteau); Dono-van, 1988b:Table 1.

Echinolampas anguillae? Cotteau; Donovan,1993b.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2779 (Figs. 5b, 6b, c), from St.Hilda’s School, Brown’s Town, parish ofSt. Ann, Jamaica. Brown’s Town Forma-tion, White Limestone Supergroup; UpperOligocene, Chattian. Collected by C.A.M.

Remarks. — Arnold and Clark (1927) re-ported E. anguillae from the Jamaican Oli-gocene on the basis of a written commu-nication from Hawkins. Poddubiuk andRose (1985:121) considered that E. anguillaewas based on a deformed specimen of E .lycopersicus. The Jamaican specimen is in-cluded in E. lycopersicus with caution, hav-ing a narrower anterior petal than the syn-type figured by Jackson (1922:Pl. 11, Fig.6; although it is closer to the non-type ma-terial figured by Jackson). Arnold and Clark

FIG. 5 (left). Echinolampas species. a, c, Echinolampas lucae (Desor), BMNH EE 2816. a, apical view. c, lateralview, anterior towards right. b, Echinolampas lycopersicus? Guppy, BMNH EE 2779, lateral view, anterior towardsright. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

FIG. 6 (right). Echinolampas species. a, Echinolampas lucae (Desor), BMNH EE 2816, oral view. b, c, Echinolampaslycopersicus? Guppy, BMNH EE 2779. b, apical view. c, oral view. Scale bar represents 10 mm.


(1927:50) recorded E. lycopersicus from theEocene (Chapelton Formation of Jamaica),but these may be misidentified E. strongylaArnold and Clark, 1927 (see comments inDonovan, 1993b). The only echinoid tohave been formally described from the Oli-gocene of Jamaica, Euputagus hildae Haw-kins, 1927, also comes from St. Hilda’sSchool. H. L. Dixon (research in progress)and S.K.D. have collected Clypeaster oxy-baphon Jackson, 1922, from this locality.

Echinolampas plateia(Arnold and Clark, 1927)

Synonymy. —See Donovan (1988a:40).Material, Locality and Horizon. —Two tests.

BMNH EE 2800 is from Spring Mount, par-ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton For-mation, Yellow Limestone Group; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T. BMNH EE 2819 is also from the Yel-low Limestone Group of Jamaica.

Remarks. —This species was figured byArnold and Clark (1927:P1. 10, Figs. 4-6).

Echinolampas sp. or spp. sensu lato

Material, Locality and Horizon. —Two tests,BMNH EE 2817, EE 2818. The original la-bels state: “Eocene? Prob. Yellow Lime-stone. Jamaica.”

Remarks.— Neither specimen closely re-sembles any described species of Echino-lampas from Jamaica (Arnold and Clark,1927:P1s. 9, 10). The use of ‘probably’ onthe original labels suggests that they maynot actually be from Jamaica, by analogywith E. lucae (above). BMNH EE 2817 hasat least 36 shallow pits bored into the ab-oral surface, concentrated in and aroundthe petals (the ichnofossil Oichnus parabo-loids Bromley, 1981). Fossil echinoids fromJamaica rarely show signs of epizoic activ-ity, perhaps further indicating that thisspecimen is mislabeled.

Family CASSIDULIDAEL. Agassiz and Desor

Genus Eurhodia HaimeEurhodia matleyi (Hawkins, 1927)

Rhynchopygus matleyi Hawkins, 1927:79-80,P1. 22, Figs. 6-8; Arnold and Clark, 1927:54-55, P1. 11, Figs. 3-4; McFarlane, 1977:

1398-1399; Kier and Lawson, 1978:85;Donovan, 1988b:Table 1.

Rhyncholampas matleyi (Hawkins); Dono-van, 1988a:38–39.

Rhyncholampas? matleyi (Hawkins); Dono-van, 1993b:Fig. 15.8, 15.9.

Eurhodia matleyi (Hawkins); Mooi, 1990b:699.

Material, Locality and Horizon. —Two testsfrom the Eocene of Jamaica (BMNH EE2777, EE 2778) have a polished appearance,suggesting that they were collected froma stream bed by C.A.M. A third test, BMNHEE 2793, collected by C. T. T., is from SpringMount, parish of St. James, Jamaica, fromthe Chapelton Formation, Yellow Lime-stone Group (mid Lower to mid MiddleEocene).

Incertae familiaeCassiduloid sp. indet.

Material, Locality and Horizon. —A singletest, BMNH EE 2840, from StinchcombeHill Golf Course, Jamaica(?). White Lime-stone Supergroup: mid Cenozoic.

Remarks. —Only one other Jamaican Ce-nozoic cassiduloid, Eurhodia sp. cf. E. rugosa(Ravenel; Donovan, 1993b), has an analsulcus. Although somewhat battered, thistest is not Eurhodia. It is preserved in a hard,grey-brown, crystal l ine l imestone notreminiscent of the White Limestone Su-pergroup of Jamaica. The geographic ors t rat igraphic assignment (or both) isdoubtful.

Order SPATANGOIDA ClausSuborder MICRASTERINA Fischer

Family BRISSIDAE GrayGenus Eupatagus L. Agassiz

Eupatagus alatusArnold and Clark, 1927

Synonymy. –See Kier (1984:95).Material, Locality and Horizon. —A test,

BMNH EE 2794, from north of Guys Hill,parish of St. Mary, Jamaica. Chapelton For-mation, Yellow Limestone Group; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.

Remarks. —See Kier (1984:95-98, P1. 54,P1. 55, Figs. 1, 2, Text-fig. 34) for a recentredescription of this species.


Eupatagus cf. defectusArnold and Clark, 1927

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2808, from Spring Mount, par-ish of St. James, Jamaica. Chapelton For-mation, Yellow Limestone Group; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. Collected byC.T.T.

Remarks. — Although slightly worn, thistest demonstrates many diagnostic featuresof E. defectus, including the anterior sulcus(in contrast to the more common E. alatus),posterior apex and geometry of the petals(Arnold and Clark, 1927:65-66, Pl. 14, Figs.1-3).

Eupatagus cf. cubensis(Cotteau, 1875)

Material, Locality and Horizon. — Two im-perfect tests, BMNH EE 2783, EE 2784, fromthe Eocene of Curacao. Collected by G. J.H. Molengraaf.

Remarks. — These specimens were origi-nally labelled Eupatagus cf. depressus Jack-son, 1922, a species that Kier (1984:103-105, Pl. 55, Figs. 3-5, Pls. 56, 57) placed insynonymy with E. cubensis. Although poor-ly preserved, the Curacao specimens agreewell with those figured by Kier. Eupatagusgrandiflorus (Cotteau), a junior synonym ofEupatagus clevei (Cotteau; see Kier, 1984:98),has been reported from Curacao (Jacksonand Robinson, 1994).

Eupatagus spp.

Material, Localify and Horizon. — Two wa-ter-worn tests, BMNH EE 2804, EE 2805,from Spring Mount, parish of St. James,Jamaica. Chapelton Formation, YellowLimestone Group; mid Lower to mid Mid-dle Eocene. Collected by C.A.M.

BMNH EE 2849, EE 2850 are from locality‘DK286,’ within a few miles of HenrySpring Bay, Jamaica, and are presumed Eo-cene. Three test fragments from the samelocality, BMNH EE 2851-EE 2853 may becongeneric. Collected by C.A.M.

Genus Macropneustes L. AgassizMacropneustes? altus

Arnold and Clark, 1927 (Fig. 7)

Macropneustes altus Arnold and Clark, 1927:68, Pl. 14, Figs. 7-9; Kier and Lawson,1978:1 17; Donovan, 1988b.

Macropneustes? altus Arnold and Clark;Donovan, 1993b: Table 10.

Material, Locality and Horizon. — A test,BMNH EE 2813 (Fig. 7), from the EoceneYellow Limestone Group of Jamaica. Col-lected by C.T.T. or C.A.M.

Remarks. — The holotype of this speciesis poorly preserved (Donovan, 1993 b).BMNH EE 2813 is moderately well-pre-served and shows all the diagnostic fea-tures outlined by Arnold and Clark (1927:68), as well as retaining attributes (such asthe periproct) not seen on the holotype.However, BMNH EE 2813 differs in grossmorphology from the holotype in havinga more heart-shaped outline, a more an-terior apex and a more anterior peristome.

Genus Plagiobrissus PomelPlagiobrissus loveni (Cotteau, 1875)

Synonymy. — See Donovan (1988a:41).Material, Locality and Horizon. — Three

tests, all from the Chapelton Formation,Yellow Limestone Group of Jamaica; midLower to mid Middle Eocene. BMNH EE2791 is from Spring Mount, parish of St.James, and was collected by C.T.T. A sec-ond specimen collected by C.T.T., BMNHEE 2803, lacks detailed locality informa-tion. The third, somewhat battered test,BMNH EE 2780, was collected by C.A.M.(Matley locality J213M) from near the baseof the Yellow Limestone Group (Chapel-ton Formation) at Ginger Valley, parish ofSt. James, near the boundary with Tre-lawny.

Remarks. — This species was redescribedby Donovan (1993b:Fig. 18.1, 18.2).

Suborder HEMIASTERINA FischerFamily HEMIASTERIDAE Clark

Genus Hemiaster L. AgassizHemiaster? sp. or spp.

Hemiaster; Hawkins, 1923:206; 1924:316, Pl.18, Fig. 3; Donovan, 1988 b: Table 1; Don-ovan and Bowen, 1989:60.

Hemiaster?; Chubb, 1961:4; Donovan, 1993a.

Material, Locality, and Horizon. — Threetests. BMNH EE 2811 is from the March-


FIG. 7. Macropneustes? altus Arnold and Clark, BMNH EE 2813. a, apical view. b, oral view. c, posteriorview. d, lateral view, anterior towards right. Scale bar represents 10 mm.

LEWIS & DONOVAN 1993_Caribbean Fossil Echinoids

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