Lesson ObjectivesLesson Objectives

By the end of the session you should By the end of the session you should be able to:be able to:

o List the signs and symptoms of a List the signs and symptoms of a sprainsprain

o Describe the types of sprain that Describe the types of sprain that can occur in sports performancecan occur in sports performance

WHAT IS A SPRAIN?WHAT IS A SPRAIN?

A sprain is a joint injury that A sprain is a joint injury that stretches or tears a stretches or tears a ligamentligament

Ligament: the fibrous connective Ligament: the fibrous connective tissue that joins the end of one tissue that joins the end of one bone with another. Ligaments bone with another. Ligaments stabilise and support the body’s stabilise and support the body’s joints. joints.

WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?

A sprain is caused by direct or A sprain is caused by direct or indirect trauma ( blow, fall etc) indirect trauma ( blow, fall etc) that knocks a joint out of position.that knocks a joint out of position.

It occurs when the ligaments, It occurs when the ligaments, usually in the ankle or knee, are usually in the ankle or knee, are stretched beyond their normal stretched beyond their normal range of movementrange of movement..

WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?Think of 3 sporting examples?Think of 3 sporting examples?Landing on an outstretched arm e.g. Landing on an outstretched arm e.g. cheerleadingcheerleadingA footballer sliding into a tackle A footballer sliding into a tackle A player jumps up and lands on the side of A player jumps up and lands on the side of their foottheir footTurning on uneven surfaces e.g. cross Turning on uneven surfaces e.g. cross country running country running The most common sprain injury is that of The most common sprain injury is that of the anklethe ankle

Ankle SprainAnkle Sprain

- The most common acute sport - The most common acute sport injuries, 25% in every running or injuries, 25% in every running or jumping sportjumping sport

- Mechanism of injury: inversion and - Mechanism of injury: inversion and plantar flexion of the foot when plantar flexion of the foot when landing off balance or clipping landing off balance or clipping another player’s footanother player’s foot

THE ANKLE JOINT

Sprained AnkleSprained AnkleSprained Ankle - "Common Sports Sprained Ankle - "Common Sports Injuries"Injuries"

oThe most common way people sprain their ankle is by turning the ankle inward, which is called inversioninversion.. oWhen your ankle turns in, you put strain on the outside (lateral) aspect of your ankle which most commonly sprains the ligaments holding your outside bone to your ankle bone or to your heel boneoThe ligament most commonly torn by an ankle sprain is called the anterior talo-fibular ligament, or ATFLATFL for short

WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?

WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?WHAT CAUSES A SPRAIN?

o Sometimes, with severe sprains, the ligament on the inside of your ankle, called the deltoiddeltoid ligament can be torn. "High ankle sprains" are the most severe types of sprains involving the ligament that connects the tibia and fibula together - the syndesmosissyndesmosis.

Sprains video linkSprains video link

Novotna spraining ankle at Novotna spraining ankle at the French Open 1999the French Open 1999

3 grades of severity3 grades of severity

Sprains like strains are also graded Sprains like strains are also graded by their severityby their severity

Grade 1 or first degreeGrade 1 or first degree

Grade 2 or second degreeGrade 2 or second degree

Grade 3 or third degreeGrade 3 or third degree

Write down what you think the signs Write down what you think the signs and symptoms are at each stage? and symptoms are at each stage?

First degreeFirst degree:

•Some stretching or perhaps tearing of the ligament.

•Little or no joint instability.

•Mild pain

•Little swelling

•Some joint stiffness.

Grade 1Grade 1: : What does it feel likeWhat does it feel like??

SECOND DEGREESECOND DEGREE

•Some tearing of the ligament fibres •Moderate instability of the joint •The joint appears loose•Moderate to severe pain •Swelling and stiffness

Grade 2Grade 2: : What does it feel likeWhat does it feel like??

THIRD DEGREETHIRD DEGREE

Total rupture of a ligament Total rupture of a ligament

Gross instability of the joint Gross instability of the joint

Severe pain initially Severe pain initially

Severe swelling Severe swelling

Grade 3Grade 3: : What does it feel likeWhat does it feel like??

•Stretch before and after you exercise

•Do special exercises that strengthen the muscles around your ankle

•Do special exercises to improve your balance

•If you have had ankle problems before, ask your doctor about taping your ankle

•wear an ankle brace.

                                                                                             

What can I do to prevent ankle sprains?What can I do to prevent ankle sprains?

TaskTaskIn pairs identify ways in which a In pairs identify ways in which a sports performer from a sport of your sports performer from a sport of your choice may injure themselves choice may injure themselves according to each of the sprain according to each of the sprain grading’sgrading’sSuggest ways in which this may be Suggest ways in which this may be preventedpreventedThink of how the athlete would feel Think of how the athlete would feel at each stage of the named injuryat each stage of the named injury