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Lesson 3: Optical Systems WDM Design

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Home ResourcesApplications Less on 3: Optical Systems WDM Design

Lesson 3: Optical Systems WDM Design (Optical System)

This lesson describes how to simulate a WDM system with 8channels. You will

become familiar with the Component Library, parameter groups, and visualizers such

as the BER Analyzer.

Global parameters

For thissimulation we will use default parameters for the Bit rate, Bit sequence

length, and Sample rate.

Viewing the global parameters

To view the default global parameters, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Filemenu, select New.A blank Main layoutappears in the Project layoutwindow.

2 Double-click anywhere in the Main layout.

The Layout 1 Parametersdialog box appears (see Figure 1).

The default global parameters used for this simulation are:Bit rate:

2500000000 Bits/s

Sequence length: 128 bits

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Introductory Tutorials

Lesson 1: Transmitter

External Modulated Laser

Lesson 2: Subsystems

Hierarchical Simulation

Lesson 3: Optical System

WDM De sign

Lesson 4: Parameter

Sweeps BER x Input

Power

Lesson 5: Bidirectional

Simulation Working wit

Multiple Iterations

Lesson 6: Time-Driven

Simulation Working witIndividual Samples

Lesson 7: Optical Amplifie

Designing Optical Fibe

Amplifiers and Fiber Lase

Lesson 8: Optical System

Working With Multimod

Components

Optical Transmitters

Optical Fibers

Optical Receive rs

Searc

Lesson 3: Optical Systems WDM Design

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Figure 1: Global parameters

Transmitters

To create the transmitters for the WDM system with 8 channels, perform the following

procedure.

Step Action

Note: To increase the size of the layout, press Ctrl+Shiftand drag the

cursor from the top left corner of the Main layoutto the bottom rightcorner.

1 Create an external modulated laser using the procedures in Lesson 1:

Transmitter External modulated laser.

2 Select the four external modulated laser components.

3 Copy and paste the selected components to create a total of eight

transmitters (see Figure 2).

Doped Optical Fiber

Amplifiers (PT1)

Doped Optical Fiber

Amplifiers (PT2)

Doped Optical Fiber

Amplifiers (PT3)

Raman Amplifiers

SOA Amplifiers

Dispersion Managemen

Lightwave Systems

WDM systems

Solitons and Soliton

Systems

Metro Systems

Digital Modulation

CATV

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Cosimulation

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Figure 2: Creating eight external modulated lasers

4 From the Component Library, select Default> WDMMultiplexers

Library> Multiplexers.

5 Drag the WDM Mux 81to the Main layout.

6 Connect the Mach-Zehnder Modulatoroutputs to the WDM Mux 81

inputs.

Note: You can select the values for the Mux internal filters to be displayed

in the layout by selecting the Dispoption in the Channelstab of the Muxpropertiesdialog box (see Figure 3).

Figure 3: Displaying multiplexer frequency channels

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Parameter groups

To enter the frequency values for each channel, double-click each CW Laserand enter

the frequency value. To simplify the process of entering parameter values for each

component, use the Parameter groupsfeature.

Accessing the Parameter groups table

The Parameter groupstable gives you access to relevant parameters for the WDM

simulation (such as Frequencyand Power) in one place. You can go into each

component and enter the values to change the parameters.

To access a parameter group, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Maintoolbar, select Layout> Parametergroups.

The ParameterGroupsdialog box appears (see Figure 4).

Note: Typically you can access the following parameters from the

ParameterGroupstable (see Figure 4):

Bit rate

Convert noise bins

Frequency

Iterations

Output signal type

Power

Sample rate

You can also enter the units for the parameter group and edit the

parameter values by typing new values or using the tools from thecontext menu.

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Figure 4: Parameter groups

2 Click the Valuecolumn.

The Valuecolumn is highlighted.

3 In the ParametersGroupstable, select the Valuecolumn and right-click.

A context menu appears.

4 Select Spread.

The ParameterGroupSpreaddialog box appears (see Figure 5).

5 In the StartValuetext box, type:

193.1

6 In the Incrementtext box, type:

0.1

7 To return to the Mainlayout, click Close.

The frequencies in the Valuecolumn are updated from 193.1 THz to

193.8 THz (see Figure 5).

Figure 5: Entering frequency values

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Testing the transmitter

To verify the system setting for this design, use an Optical Spectrum Analyzer and a

WDM analyzer to obtain the signal spectrum and the total power for each channel.

To test the transmitter, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Component Library, select Default> VisualizerLibrary>

Optical.

2 Drag the Optical Spectrum Analyzerto the Main layout.

3 Drag the WDM Analyzerto the Main layout.

4 Connect the Optical Spectrum Analyzerinput and the WDM

Analyzerinput to the WDM Muxoutput.

5 Run the simulation:

a. Click Calculate.

The Calculationdialog box appears.

b. Click the Runbutton.

The calculation progress appears in the Calculationdialog box.

6 Double-click Optical Spectrum Analyzerto view the graph (see

Figure 6).

The graph appears and displays eight equally-spaced channels.

7 Double-click the WDM Analyzerto view the numerical results (seeFigure 6).

The WDM Analyzerdialog box appears and displays the numerical

results for the eight channels.

Note:The average signal power for each channel is approximately

-3.3 dBm for a resolution bandwidth of 0.1 nm.

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Figure 6: Simulation results from the visualizers

Fiber + EDFA spans

To create a fiber connected to an EDFA, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Component Library, select Default> Optical Fibers

Library.

2 Drag the Optical Fiberto the Main layout.

3 Double-click the Optical Fiber.

The Optical Fiber Propertiesdialog box appears.

4 To change the parameter length to 80 km, click the Valuecell beside

Length, and type:

80

5 To return to the Main layout, click OK.

6 From the Component Library, select Default> Amplifiers Library>

Optical.

7 Drag the Optical Amplifierto the Main layout.

8 In the EDFA Parameters, change Operation Modeto Power

Control.

9 Connect the Optical Fiberoutput to the EDFA Idealinput (see Figure

7).

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Step Action

1 Double-click the Loop Control.

The Loop Control Propertiesdialog box appears (see Figure 9).

Figure 9: Loop control parameters

2 To set the number of signal round trips, click the Valuecell beside

number of loops, highlight the 0, and type:

3

Note: The signal will propagate 3 x 80km = 240 km.

3 To return to the Main layout, click OK.

4 From the Component Library, select Default>Optical Fibers Library.

5 Drag the Optical Fiberto the Main layout.

6 Set the fiber Lengthto 100km.

7 From the Component Library, select Default> WDMMultiplexers

Library> Demultiplexers .

8 Drag the WDM Demux 18to the Main layout.

9 Connect the second Loop Controloutput port to the Optical Fiberand

then to the WDM Demux 18input port (see Figure 10).

10 To view the WDM Demux 18 frequencies:

a. Double-click the WDM Demux 18

The WDM Demux 18Properties dialog box appears.b. Select the

Channelstab.c. In the Dispcolumn, select the check box beside each

frequency.d. To return to the Main layout, click OK.

The eight frequencies and their values appear below the WDM Demux

18(see Figure 10).

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Figure 10: Demultiplexer

Obtaining results after the demultiplexer

To verify the system setting for this design, you will use an Optical Spectrum

Analyzer, a WDM Analyzer, and an Optical Time Domain Visualizer.

To obtain the signal results in time and frequency and the total power for each channel

after the signal passes through the WDM Demux 18,perform the following

procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Component Library, select Default > Visualizer Library >

Optical.

2 Drag the Optical Time Domain Visualizer to the Main layout.

3 Drag the Optical Spectrum Analyzer to the Main layout.

4 Drag the WDM Analyzer to the Main layout.

5 Connect each of the visualizers to the first output port on the WDM

Demux 18 (193.1 THz).

6 Run the simulation:

a. Click Calculate.

b. Click the Runbutton.

The calculation progress appears in the Calculationdialog box.

Note: This simulation will take some time.

7 Double-click the visualizers to view the results and graphs (see Figure

11).

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Figure 11: Simulation results from the visualizers

Adding a receiver

To add a photodetector, an electrical amplifier, and a Bessel filter to the design,

perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Component Library, select Default> Receivers Library>

Photodetectors.

2 Drag the Photodetector PINto the Main layout.

3 Set the Thermal Noiseparameter to 10 .

4 From the Component Library, select Default> Filters Library>

Electrical.

5 Drag the Low Pass BesselFilterto the Main layout.

6 Connect the first output port on the WDM Demux 18to the

Photodetector PINinput port.

7 Connect the Photodetector PINoutput port to the Low Pass Bessel

Filter input port (see Figure 12).

Figure 12: Adding the receiver to the WDM system

-21

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Note: This design could be made using the WDM Transmittercomponent from the

Optical Transmitterslibrary. Fewer steps are required if you use this component.

When using the WDM Transmitter, the receiver will require the 3R Regenerator

component from the Receivers library (see sample file Lesson3B.osd).

Figure 13: WDM Transmitter layout design (Lesson 3B.osd)

BER Analyzer

The BER Analyzercalculates system performance. It can predict the BER, Q-factor,

threshold, and Eye aperture of a system. You can view the BER patterns and the BER

value in each point of the Eye diagram using 3D graphs.

Adding the BER Analyzer

To add theBER Analyzerto the system, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 From the Component Library, select Default> Visualizer Library>

Electrical.

2 Drag the BER Analyzerto the Main layout.

Note: The first BER Analyzerinput port receives the binary signal.

3 Connect the output port of the first Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence

Generatorto the first BER Analyzerinput port.

Note: The second BER Analyzerinput port receives the original

sampled signal. It compensates the delay between the signals that are

transmitted and received.

4 Connect the output of the first NRZ Pulse Generatorto the second

BER Analyzerinput port.

5 Connect the Low Pass Bessel Filteroutput port to third BER

Analyzerinput port (see Figure 14).

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Figure 14: Connecting the BER Analyzer

6 Run the simulation:

a. Click Calculate.

b. Click the Runbutton.

The calculation progress appears in the Calculation dialog box.Note: This

simulation will take some time.

7 To display the results and graphs, double-click the BER Analyzer.

Viewing the BER Analyzer graphs and results

To view the BER Analyzer graphs and results, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 Double-click the BER Analyzer.

The BER Analyzerwindow appears and displays a graph.

2 Select Show Eye Diagram.

The graph is redrawn and displays the Eye Diagram.Note: When you

open the BER Analyzer, the following graphs appear together with

the Eye Diagram (see Figure 15): Q-Factor: Maximum value for the

Q-Factor versus Decision Instant. Min BER: Minimum value for the

BER versus Decision Instant.

Threshold: Threshold value versus Decision Instant that gives the

maximum Q-Factor and the Min BER.

Height: Eye height versus Decision Instant. BER Pattern: When Calculate Patterns is selected, displays the regions where the

BER value is less than the user-defined values.

Figure 15: BER Analyzer graphs

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The Analysis group box displays the following values (see Figure 16):

Maximum Q-Factor

Minimum BER

Maximum eye aperture

Threshold

Decision Instant at the Max Q-Factor/ Min BER

Figure 16: BER Analyzer results

Calculating BER patterns

To calculate the BER patterns, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

Note: The Calculate Patternscheck box is only available when you

select the BER Patterntab (see Figure 17).

1 In the BER Analyzerwindow, select the BER Patterntab.

The graph changes to display the BER Patternsgraph.

2 Select the Calculate Patternscheck box.

The visualizer recalculates the results and displays a new graph.

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Figure 17: Calculating BER patterns

Calculating the 3D BER graph

To calculate the 3D BER, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

Note: You must enable the calculation of the BER patterns and the 3D

graph.

1 Right-click the BER Analyzer.

A context menu appears.

2 Select Component Properties.

The BER Analyzer Propertiesdialog box appears.

3 Select the BER Patternstab (see Figure 18).

4 Select the Valuecell beside Calculate Patterns.

5 Select the Valuecell beside Calculate 3D graph.

6 In the Dispcolumn, select Calculate Patternsand Calculate 3D

graph.

7 To recalculate the results and return to the Main layout, click OK.

The visualizer recalculates the graphs and results.

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Figure 18: Calculating 3D graph

Viewing the 3D graph

To view the 3D graph, perform the following procedure.

Step Action

1 If theProject Browseris closed:

From the Maintoolbar, select View> Project Browser,

or

Press Ctrl+2.

2 In the Project Browser, expand the BER Analyzercomponent.

A list of available options appears.

3 Expand the Graphsitem in the list.

A list of BER Analyzeravailable graphs appears.

4 From the list of BER Analyzergraph items, right-click the BER

Pattern 3D Graph.

5 Select Quick View.

The 3D graph appears (see Figure 19).

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Figure 19: 3D graphs from the project browser

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