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Lesson 2Input, Output and Processing

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OBJECTIVES

• Identify and describe standard and specialized input devices.• Identify and describe standard and

specialized output devices.• Connect input and output devices to a

computer.• Consider computer performance

factors.

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Vocabulary

• Audio input: Sound entered into a computer, including speech, sound effects, and music.

• Biometrics: An authentication technique using automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.

• Digital camera: Takes pictures that are stored digitally and then can be transferred to the computer’s memory.

• Expansion slot: Openings on the motherboard where an expansion board can be inserted.

• FireWire: A type of external bus that standard supports data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps and can connect up to 63 external devices.

• Inkjet printer: Provides good-quality color printing for less expense than a laser printer.

• Input: Data or instructions entered into a computer.

Vocabulary (continued)

• Keyboard: The most commonly used input device for entering text and numbers into a computer.

• Laser printer: Produces images using the same technology as copier machines.

• Modem: A device that allows one computer to talk to another.• Monitor: Display device for a computer.• Mouse: The most common pointing device for personal

computers.• Output: Data processed into a useful format.• Plug and play: Refers to the ability of a computer system to

configure expansion boards and other devices automatically.

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Vocabulary (continued)

• Pointing device: An input device you use to position the pointer on the screen.

• Port: An interface to which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with the system unit or other peripheral devices. Also called a jack.

• Printer: Produces a paper copy, or hard copy, or processing results.

• Scanner: Devices that can change images into codes for input to the computer.

• Trackball: A pointing device that works like a mouse turned upside down; the ball is on top of the device.

• Universal Serial Bus (USB): Port that can connect up to 127 peripheral devices with a single connector and transfer data at rates of up to 200 million bits per second.

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Standard Input Devices

Input – must be entered into computer and stored temporarily

or permanently.

Keyboards – Various types:• Ergonomic – use of more natural/comfortable hand, wrist and

arm positions• Cordless/Wireless – battery-powered transmit via wireless• Specialized – special keys represent specific items

(example: fast-food restaurants)• Security – biometric fingerprint reader, magnetic stripe or

smart card reader• Foldable/Flexible – used with mobile devices; soft touch and

water resistant. NIK (Slide 7)• Laser Virtual – packaged small; use laser to project full-size

keyboard. Connects to any PC or Smartphone

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Standard Input Devices

ENHANCED KEYBOARD WITH MULTIMEDIA FUNCTIONS,

SUCH AS HOT KEYS, E-MAIL, VOLUME CONTROL, ETC.

BIOMETRIC KEYBOARD WITH

FINGERPRINT SCANNER

FLEXIBLE KEYBOARD (SEE SLIDE 9) FOLDABLE

KEYBOARD

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Standard Input Devices

• If you are hard on keyboards, then you should consider the “Nearly Indestructible Keyboard,” otherwise known as a NIK — it is flexible, can be rolled up and put into a briefcase,and even washed with soap andwater or a spray cleaner.

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Standard Input Devices

LASER VIRTUAL

KEYBOARD

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Standard Input Devices

Pointing Devices – Input device to position pointer on screen; has several shapes usually an arrow; use to move device; select objects like text or graphics; click icons, buttons, or links• Mouse – Most common pointing device for the PC; fits in palm of hand. Various

types:• Mechanical – ball located in bottom of mouse; rolls on flat surface; sensors inside

detect movement to determine direction and distance

• Optomechanical – same as above but uses optical sensors to detect movement• Optical – uses laser to detect movement; have no mechanical moving parts;

respond more quickly and precisely than mechanical or optomechanical mice• Wireless – battery powered; infrared waves to communicate with computer• Trackball Mouse – upside down mechanical mouse with ball on top• Radio Frequency – typically wireless, but uses radio frequency instead of

infrared waves• Foldable – wireless and flexible to be easily folded or rolled up

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Standard Input Devices

OPTICAL

RADIO FREQUENCY FOLDABLE

TRACKBALL

WIRELESS

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Standard Input Devices

• A typical wired mouse has a power consumption rating of about 0.5 watts (5 V/100 mA). One hundred milliamperes (mA) is the maximum additional current that a mouse can draw, according to the USB 2.0 specification. In comparison, a wireless mouse uses only a small receiver for power, which draws a maximum of 0.075W.

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Standard Input Devices

Pointing Devices – continued• Mouse – continued• Mice have two or three buttons and a wheel• Left click = mouse operations• Right click = shortcut menu• Point and Click triggers action in computer• Pointing – places pointer in designated location• Clicking – pressing and releasing mouse button to select specific location in doc• Dragging – pressing mouse button and moving mouse = highlighting text• Double-Clicking – press and release mouse button rapidly twice = select a word• Triple-Clicking – press and release mouse button rapidly three times = select a

paragraph• Right-Clicking – displays a shortcut menu• Rotating – rolling wheel forward or backwards = scroll vertically up or down• Tilting – pressing wheel left or right = scroll horizontally

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Standard Input Devices

Pointing Devices – continued• Trackball – upside down mouse; use thumb and/or fingers to

control ball motion; mouse is stationary; good choice for limited desk space; some keyboards have built-in trackballs

• Touchpad – common feature on laptop/notebook computers; specialized surface to convert motion and position of finger to placement on the computer screen.

• Pointing Stick – pressure sensitive device looks like a pencil eraser; usually contained on notebook computer keyboard between the G, H, and B keys; use forefinger to move

• Audio Input – sound entered into computer; examples: microphones, CD/DVD players, radios, electronic keyboards; use voice recognition to speak commands into computer or enter text; computer has to have voice recognition software

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Standard Input Devices

TRACKBALLMOUSE KEYBOARD

WITH TRACKBALL

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Standard Input Devices

POINTING STICK

TOUCHPAD

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Standard Input Devices

AUDIO INPUT

DEVICES

CD/DVD/Blu-Ray player

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Standard Output Devices

Output – data processed into useful format; display information (examples: printed text, spoken words, music, pictures, videos, and graphics; most common are monitors and printers.)

Monitors – Desktop computers typically use a monitor as their display device; comprised of screen, housing, electrical components; display is called a soft copy since it is stored temporarily. Various types:• CRT – Cathode Ray Tube; earliest type, similar to the early TVs;

monochrome or color; heavy; older and nearly obsolete; replaced by flat panel monitors.

• Flat Panel – take up less space; lighter; larger viewing area• LCD – Liquid Crystal Display; produces image by manipulating light within the

Liquid Crystal cells; originally for notebooks; 1997 started producing full-size monitors as alternative to the older CRTs; older LCD produced square display; newer monitors = widescreen format

• Plasma – Gas plasma technology; tiny amount of gas charged by electricity; illuminates miniature colored fluorescent lights; typically widescreen format; sizes of 60” or more

19Standard Output Devices

CRT MONITOR LCD MONITOR GAS PLASMA MONITOR

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Standard Output Devices

Output Devices – Continued• Printers – produce paper copy (hard copy) of processing

results; hard copy = permanent; several types available with differences to consider:• Speed – measures in ppm (pages per minute); varies

according to text and graphics• Print Quality – measured in dpi (dots per inch); higher dpi =

better resolution or print quality.• Price – original cost of printer and what it cost to maintain

it; price range from inexpensive to thousands of dollars; ink and toner cartridges need to be replaced periodically and have wide range of pricing as well

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Standard Output Devices

Output Devices – Continued• Printers – Continued• Classifications• Impact – use a mechanism to strike paper to form letters or

graphics• DOT Matrix is an example of this type

• Non-Impact – form characters without striking paper• Laser and Inkjet are examples of this type• Laser – produces images like a copy machine; image made from

toner, high quality output; generally affordable but can be expensive

• Inkjet – nozzles squirt ink as they pass over the media to reproduce text/graphics; provides good-quality color printing for less expense than a laser.

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Standard Output Devices

HOW A LASER

PRINTER WORKS

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Standard Output Devices

HOW AN INKJET

PRINTER WORKS

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Standard Output Devices

Output Devices – Continued• Speakers – generate sound (examples: music or

instructions); headphones/earbuds = private

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Specialized Input Devices

Other types of input devices that are used for specialized applications.• Digital Cameras – store pictures digitally and transferred to

computer’s memory. Various storage media:• Flash Memory Cards, Memory Sticks, USB Keys, Mini Discs, SD

Cards• Video input is a set of full motion images captured with video camera.• DV (Digital Video) camera records video as digital signals. They can

capture still images as well.• PC Video camera sends live images via the web, video telephone

calls, or e-mail• Mini digital small enough to fit in pocket.• Webcams = video capturing cameras connected to computers or

computer networks. Display images via the world wide web

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Specialized Input Devices

MINIATURIZED DIGITAL VIDEO

CAMERA

WEARABLE VIDEO CAMERA

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Specialized Input Devices

• Game Controllers – Joystick and Wheel are types of pointing devices; used primarily for games

JOYSTICK

STEERING WHEEL

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Specialized Input Devices

• Scanners – Various sizes and types:• Image – converts image to electronic form to store in

computer memory; manipulate images• Bar Code – reads bar lines printed on products• Magnetic – read encoded information on credit cards;

contains user’s encoded account information• Wireless – use Bluetooth technology to scan barcode data

and transmit to computer• Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Optical Mark

Recognition (OMR) – use light source to read characters, marks, and codes; data converted into digital format; example: Banks use OCR to scan checks; Schools use OMR for testing (Scantron forms)

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Specialized Input Devices

OPTICAL SCANNERBLUETOOTH

SCANNER

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Specialized Input Devices

• Touch Display Screen – special screen that reacts to direct touches within display area; use finger or hand; can be found in places like: airports, hotels, libraries, delivery services, fast-food restaurants; mobile device like iPhone, iPad, Tablets, Desktop/Notebook computers have touch screens. All must be touch compatible.

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Specialized Input Devices

• Stylus – Pen-like writing instrument used to enter information by writing or pointing on a screen of a mobile device.

• Environmental Probes/Sensors – used to view information like humidity and temperature in remote areas; smoke detector or pollution control readings; industries fish farms, moisture monitoring, warehouse security

• Remote Controls – manage devices like TVs, lights, fans, factory equipment (cranes, carts, etc.)

STYLUS

32Specialized Input Devices

• Security Devices• Biometrics to authenticate to recognize a person based on a

physiological or behavioral characteristic; uses reader/scanner and software to convert scanned information into digital format• Common Techniques – identify people based on fingerprints, face,

voice, or handwriting• Less Common Techniques – analysis of retina, iris, hand geometry, or

vein are other options• How it works:• Enrollment – establishes baseline measurement for comparison• Submission – present biological proof of identity to capture machine• Verification – compares submitted sample to stored sample

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• Security Devices (cont.)• Biometrics (cont.)• Privacy and Civil Liberties are

concerned with the wide-spread adoption of biometrics; they argue that by using biometric data, unauthorized parties can access someone’s data without their consent and link it to other information, resulting in secondary uses of the information.

• Uses in computer industry• Computer Keyboards and USB Flash

Drive with fingerprint authenticationUSB FINGERPRINT SCANNER

BIOMETRIC KEYBOARD SCANNER

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Specialized Input Devices

VIRTUAL COMPUTER KEYBOARD VIRTUAL PIANO KEYBOARD

• Virtual Devices – Similar to Laser Virtual Keyboard; use synchronized position of light-emitting and sensing devices to detect user input

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Specialized Input Devices

• Touch-Sensitive Pads – Like the touchpad of a notebook; used by portable devices like iPod, iPad, etc.; used to scroll through lists, adjust volume, view pictures or videos, or customize settings

• Input Devices For the Physically Challenged – Various types:• Keyboards operated with one hand or foot• Camera Mouse allow users to use Webcam and control mouse

pointer with their head• Human-Computer interface uses eye control to move pointer• Joystick mouse can be operated by lips, chin, or tongue• Voice input allows those that are visually or physically impaired to

interact with computers• Computer display that is sensitive to human touch and allows the

user to interact with the computer by touching and active area or target, or to control data such as pictures or words on the screen.

36Specialized Output Devices

• Projectors – project images onto a screen for presentation• FAX Machines – transmit and receives documents via

telephone line or through computer• Multi-function printer – combines functions like printing,

copying, scanning, faxing• Control devices/robots – Robotics is the study, design,

and use of robot systems in manufacturing; applications for testing, product inspection, assembly, packaging, and painting

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Specialized Output Devices

• Specialized Printers Examples:• Dot matrix – transfers ink to paper by striking a ribbon with pins,

thus forming a character or number, this mechanism is called a printhead; measured in (CPS) characters per second; seldom used anymore

• Line – variation of the Dot matrix; connected to large mainframe computers or servers

• Thermal – forms characters by heating paper; requires special paper

• Mobile – small, battery-powered; for use with notebook computers • Label and Postage – used to print labels with adhesive on one side;

postage printer contains scales and prints postage stamps• Plotters/large format – used by engineers, architects, or graphic

artists; produces large drawings or drafting plans

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Specialized Output Devices

• Output Devices For the Physically Challenged – • Screen Magnifiers – Range

of magnification and fonts that enlarge information on screen

• Screen Readers – assists those visually impaired by reading screen content; can read scanned documents

• Voice Synthesizers – changes computer text into synthetic speech

SCREEN MAGNIFIER

39Connecting Input/Output Devices To A Computer

• Ports and Connectors• Ports – Also called a “Jack” interface which a

peripheral device attaches to or communicates with the computer or other peripheral device.• Serial – transmit data 1 bit at a time

Parallel – transmit data 8 bits at a time• USB (Universal Serial Bus) – connects up to 127

peripheral device with single connector; transfer rate = 200 million bits per second; USB 3.0 latest version; replaced standard serial and parallel ports of older computers; typically 4-8 connectors located on computer

• The SuperSpeed USB (USB 3.0) is the most recent version of the USB specification, with ten times the current bandwidth of USB 2.0. Transfer rates are approximately 4.8 Gbits/sec (Gigabits per second) and have been available in commercial products since 2009. USB

FIREWIRE

40Connecting Input/Output Devices To A Computer

• Ports and Connectors (cont.)• Plug and Play – computer system can configure expansion

boards automatically; “Hot Plugging” is adding/removing devices while computer is running

• Firewire – known as IEEE 1394 (supports data transfer up to 400 Mbps) or IEEE 1394b (supports data transfer up to 3200 Mbps); connects up to 63 devices

• SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) – pronounced “SKUZZY”; standard interface for connecting peripherals like disk drives and printers

• IrDA – wireless standard that allows data to be transferred between devices using infrared light instead of cables; both devices must have IrDA port

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• Ports and Connectors (cont.)• Bluetooth – uses radio

waves to provide wireless short-range communication between mobile and stationary device; alternative to IrDA

Connecting Input/Output Devices To A Computer

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Connecting Input/Output Devices To A Computer

• Ports and Connectors (cont.)• Expansion slots – openings on motherboard to put

expansion boards/cards• Expansion Boards/Cards – used to enhance functions of a

component or provide a connection; they are also called:• Adapter Cards• Expansion Cards• Add-ins• Add-ons

• Hardware Installation – needs set of instructions to communicate with computer; instructions are called drivers; installed automatically or manually

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Considering Computer Performance Factors

• Microprocessor – most important element; higher the generation = faster and better processing speed and more instructions per second can be processed

• RAM (Random Access Memory) – amount of RAM helps to speed up processing cycle; more memory = better performance from computer; computer reads from RAM faster than the hard drive

• Hard Disk – size and speed affects computer performance; bigger and faster = faster data processing; disk organization affects computer performance therefore remove unneeded or outdated files

• Video – can enhance or slow computer performance; have adequate video memory to optimize performance

44Computer Viruses

• A computer virus is small software program that spreads from one computer to another and interferes with the operation of the computers.

• A virus is written to attach itself intentionally to other programs or to disk boot sectors and duplicates itself whenever those programs are executed or the infected disks are accessed.

• A virus can delete or corrupt data, delete everything on the hard drive, or spread the virus to other programs through e-mail.

• Viruses can be stored on your computer for weeks or months and not cause any damage until a predetermined date or time code is activated.

• They are easily spread by e-mail attachments or downloaded files.• Computer viruses can be disguised as attached greeting cards, audio and video files,

or as other attachments.• Not all viruses cause damage. Some are just pranks; your desktop might display a

silly message or animation.• Viruses are created by persons who have the power and expertise in the area of

computers; sometimes created just for fun.• To protect your computer from virus damage, install an antivirus software program

on your computer and keep it running at all times so that it can continuously scan for viruses.

45QUICK QUIZZES

1) A(n) __________ is a device that allows one computer to talk to another.

Answer: Modem

2) The __________ is the most commonly used input device for entering text and numbers into a computer.

Answer: Keyboard

3) Desktop computers typically use a(n) __________ as their display device.

Answer: Monitor

46QUICK QUIZZES

4) What is output?

Answer: Output is data processed into a useful format

5) __________ are devices that can change images into codes for input to the computer.

Answer: Scanners

6) What is biometrics?

Answer: An authentication technique using automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.

47QUICK QUIZZES

7) A(n) __________ printer is a small, battery-powered printer, primarily used to print from a notebook computer.

Answer: Mobile

8) The field of __________ is defined as the study, design, and use of robot systems for manufacturing.

Answer: Robotics

9) A(n) __________ is an interface to which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with the system unit or other peripheral devices.

Answer: Port

48QUICK QUIZZES

10) What is plug and play?

Answer: This refers to the ability of a computer system to configure expansion boards and other devices automatically.

11) True or False? The higher the CPU generation, the faster and better the processing speed.

Answer: True

12) True or False? To improve computer performance dramatically, increase the amount of RAM on your computer.

Answer: True