LEDS MAGAZINE-ABR MAY 2011

8/19/2019 LEDS MAGAZINE-ABR MAY 2011

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TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

LEDsmagazine.com

APRIL/MAY 2011

Plant growthLEDs hit the right

wavelength P.51

SIL 2011

LED Lighting Trackin review P.33 & P.39

HV-LEDsHigh voltage for

retrot lamps P.47

LightingThe future of SSL

in ofces P.65

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WHAT DO YOU CALL IT WHEN

10 INCREDIBLE INNOVATORS

ARE COMBINED INTO ONE?


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WE CAL

Today, all of the companies of Brush Engineere

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our name and approach may have changed, o

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aterials have become Materion. Yes,

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LEDsmagazine.com APRIL/MAY 2011 3

2011features

27 SIL CHINA Maury Wright SIL China focuses on market expansion

33 STRATEGIES IN LIGHT Tim Whitaker Progress continues but challenges remain

39 STRATEGIES IN LIGHT Maury Wright Reporting from the Lighting track

47 CHIP DESIGN Alexander Wang, Epistar Corporation

High-voltage LEDs for indoor retrot lamps

51 HORTICULTURE Maury Wright Precise LED wavelengths spur plant growth

57 RUSSIA Eugene Dolin, LEDSM NP Russia launches LED industry association

61 ENERGY STAR Matthew Sallee, ULNavigating the Energy Star maze

65 LIGHTING DESIGN Erhan Dikel and Jennifer Veitch, NRC-IRC NRC-IRC imagines the future of SSL in ofces

69 STANDARDS Jianzhong Jiao, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Safety standard UL 8750 requires clarity

71 LED FABRICATION Phil Walker, Applied Materials Manufacturing software is key as volumes grow

73 CASE STUDIES Maury Wright SSL applications in warehouses and carparks

79

COMPATIBILITY Philip Keebl er, EPRI Lighting Laborator y

Part 5: Who shares the responsibility for testing?

Cover Story

LED light sources at specic wavelengths

offer optimal performance in horticulture

– see page 51. Photo: Osram Opto

Semiconductors.

april/may

columns/departments

4 COMMENTARY Tim Whitaker

LEDs promote health in

plants and humans

11 NEWS+VIEWS

Siemens plans Osram IPO,

appoints new CEO

Texas Instruments to acquire

National Semiconductor

Bridgelux reports R&D results

for GaN-on-silicon

Osram and Cree sign LED

patent-license agreement

LEDs play an increasingly vital

role in life-science applications

25 FUNDING+PROGRAMS

DOE municipal consortium posts

draft street-lighting specication

76 FOCUS ON

Lighting Design Awards

83 DESIGN FORUM

Designing reliable LED power supplies

David Cooper, AEG Power Solutions

88 LAST WORD

An epic year for the LED industry?

Dennis Costello,

Braemar Energy Ventures

ISSUE 42

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4 APRIL/MAY 2011 LEDsmagazine.com

commentary

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AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Debbie Bouley

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Since our last issue was published, worldnews has been dominated by the disas-trous events in Japan. Our thoughts go outto all those that have been affected either

directly or indirectly by this tragedy.Many of our articles in LEDs Magazineare focused on solid-state lighting, look-ing at how LED-based systems can pro-

vide improved illumination with enhancedenergy efficiency. Examples in this issueinclude retrot projects in parking garagesand cold-storage warehouses (page 73), allof which include the use of occupancy sen-sors to make sure that the lights are on only

when someone is present. Meanwhile , inoffi ce environments, it is clear that further

research is required into the human factorsinvolved in LED lighting. As our article on page 65 explains, further adoption of LEDlighting could be impeded without betterknowledge of how people will respond toLED lighting, how they would use capabil-ities such as color changing, and how LEDscould affect offi ce workers’ performance andhealth.

On the other hand, it appears that LEDlighting can be extremely benecial to thehealth and development of plants. When

the wavelengths of the LEDs are tuned tothe absorption peaks of chlorophyll, theresults can be spectacular, either in indoor

plant factories where the LEDs are the onlysource of light, or in greenhouses where theLEDs supplement natural light. Plants caneven be layered on shelves to pack as manyas possible into the available space, as ourarticle on page 51 describes.

In addition to affecting general feelingsof well-being in humans, LED lighting canhave various specic clinical effects. LED-

based treatment of various skin conditionsis relatively well known, and companies arealready selling systems approved by the

US Food & Drug Administration (page 20).Early-stage studies also suggest that red/near-infrared LEDs can have help patientsrecover from traumatic brain injur y.

One important aspect of overall light-ing performance is color rendering. Whilethe ubiquitous color rendering index (CRI)has been widely used for decades, mostexperts agree that it has shortcomings, andseveral alternatives have been proposed.NIS, example, has proposed a color qual-ity scale as an alternative (page 39), but hasso far failed to have this accepted via CIE asa global replacement for CRI. Color science

was one of the many key themes discussedat this year’s Strategies in Light conference,

along with dimming and controls, retrotlamps, modules, and factors affecting mar-ket adoption, as our two articles on pages 33and 39 explain.

Te Strategies in Light (SIL) conferenceseries moves to China for the rst time this

year, bui lding on successf ul shows in theUSA, Japan and Europe. SIL China will focuson an “East Meets West” theme, looking at

ways in which China is developing rapidlyas a supplier of LEDs and LED-based prod-ucts and at the same time has become a very

large consumer of solid-state lighting as thegovernment seeks to promote energ y effi -ciency. Our article on page 27 previews theconference, which takes place on May 10-12in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Tim Whitaker, EDITOR

[email protected]

LEDs promote health inplants and humans

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views

n e w

s

results for GaN-on-siliconLED maker Bridgelux has reported impressive R&D resultsfor GaN-based LEDs grown on silicon substrates, includ-ing the headline-grabbing gure of 135 lm/W for a whiteLED with a CC of 4730K. Specically this was a 1.5-mm

power LED operated at 350 mA with an operating voltage

of just 2.90V.Te company said that it “anticipates the delivery of itsrst commercially-available GaN-on-silicon products overthe course of the next two to three years.” Tis length oftime indicates the effort that will be required to translatethis R&D result into a commercially-viable process withgood yield. Te eventual goal appears to be the growth ofGaN LEDs on 8-inch silicon wafers, judging by the photoshown here, and another showing three 8-inch wafers inan MOCVD reactor.

Bridgelux says that its R&D team has been investigat-ing GaN-on-Si technology for the past ve years. Other

companies are also developing similar technology. A Wall

Street Journal blog article said that Bridgelux thought itsannouncement “is dramatic enough to force others to dis-close their progress.” Te article also quoted Bill Watkins,Bridgelux CEO, as saying: “Tis wi ll shake everybody out.”

Although these have been erroneously described as “sil i-con-based LEDs,” the light comes from the GaN-based layersgrown on top of the Si wafer. Tese GaN layers are similar

to those in today’s GaN-based LEDs, which are

CHIP MANUFACTURING

Bridgelux reports R&D

LIGHTING

Siemens plans Osram IPO,Osram appoints new CEO

Siemens AG, the German industrial conglomerate, plans to publiclylist its subsidiary Osram GmbH in the fall of 2011. Te parent com-

pany intends to retain a minor ity stake in Osram and wil l remain a

“long-term anchor shareholder.” In preparationfor the initial public offering (IPO), WolfgangDehen (left) has taken over as president andCEO, succeeding Martin Goetzeler, who hasbecome chief operating offi cer.

Osram, part of Siemens’ Industry sector, isthe world’s second largest lighting manufac-turer, and had a turnover of EUR4.7 billionin the 2010 nancial year. Te company hasaround 40,000 employees worldwide, supply-ing customers in 150 countries from its 46 pro-duction sites in 17 countries.

“Osram has an outstanding position worldwide as Siemens’ light-ing brand, and we intend to maintain our close ties to the

DRIVER ICs

Texas Instruments to acquireNational Semiconductor

exas Instruments (I) has signed a denitive agreementto acquire National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion. WhileI has a much broader product portfolio, the companies’

product lines overlap signicantly in the analog IC space.Moreover, both are players in power-supply ICs includingLED-driver ICs for solid-state lighting (SSL).

Te companies hope to nalize the acquisition in sixto nine months. It will need regulatory approval fromgovernments around the globe. I has said as many as10 regulatory bodies must approve the deal.

I’s motivation for the acquisition is an immediateand signicant expansion of its product line. MoreoverI wil l gain the knowledge base of National’s analog ICdesign team, and top analog engineers are in short sup-

ply. I will also acquire valuable analog IC fabs located

around the globe.“his acquisition is about strength and » page 14

» page 12

» page 12



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LED Drivers from ZMDIEnabling Energy Efficient LEDLighting Solutions

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grown on top ofsapphire or silicon-carbide (SiC) substrates.But large-diameter (6 inch and above) sap-

phire and SiC substrates are costly, diffi cultto process, and not widely available, saysBridgelux.

However, growing GaN on larger, low-costSi wafers that are compatible with modernsemiconductor manufacturing can delivera 75% improvement in cost over currentapproaches, claims Bridgelux. Optimizationof the epitaxy process on 8-inch Si wafers willmake LED manufacturing compatible withexisting automated semiconductor lines.

Bridgelux maintains an “asset-light oper-

ating model” and says that it will leverage itsR&D and intellectual property position inLED epitaxy to jointly manufacture GaN-on-silicon LEDs. Te company says it is currentlyin discussions with a number of establishedsemiconductor companies regarding the uti-lization of the many fully-depreciated 8-inchsemiconductor fabrication operations avail-

Bridgelux from page 11

future Osram AG as a long-term anchor

shareholder,” said Siemens president andCEO Peter Löscher. Osram GmbH has beena wholly-owned subsidiary of Siemens AGsince 1978. “With the IPO,” continuedLöscher, “we want to give Osram completeentrepreneurial freedom to comprehen-sively further develop its leading compet-itive position in a lighting market beingswept by technological changes.” Of course,

the IPO will also generate a large amount of

cash for Siemens that it can direct towardsits core strategic objectives.Siemens described its Osram subsidiary

as “a leader in all relevant stages of the light-ing value chain, for conventional as well asnew technologies,” adding that Osram gen-erates 20% of its total revenue from LED-based products. ◀MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/3/30

Siemens from page 11

able around the globe.

“Te signicantly reduced cost-structuresenabled by silicon-based LED technology willcontinue to deliver dramatic reductions inthe up-front capital investment required forSSL,” said Watkins. “In as little as two to three

years even the most price-sensitive markets, will seamlessly and rapidly convert to SSL.” ◀MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/3/10

PATENTS

Osram and Cree sign LEDpatent-license agreement

wo LED and lighting manufacturers– Munich, Germany-based Osram andDurham, NC-based Cree – have signed a

worldwide LED patent cross-licensing agree-ment. Te deal includes patents owned by

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news+views

growth,” said Rich empleton, I’s chairman, president andCEO. “National has an excellent development team, and its products combined withour own can offer customers an analog portfolio of unmatched depth and breadth.

In recent years, National’s management team has done an outstanding job of improv-ing margins and streamlining expenses.” empleton added that I would accelerateNational’s growth with its much larger sales force. “Te combined sales team wi ll be10 times larger than National’s is today,” he said.

Both companies have pointed out that their product lines are more complemen-tary than competitive. But the companies clearly have many competing products inthe analog segment. And both companies have aggressively targeted the LED-basedSSL market with constant-current driver ICs.

According to IMS Research, I and National held the rst and second position in mar-ket share for LED driver ICs in 2010. Jamie Fox, senior LED lighting analyst at IMS, com-mented: “We estimate that I held around 19% of this market in 2010, whilst Nationaltook 7%. Te new combined company will be four times bigger than its nearest compet-

itor in this high-growth market, which was worth nearly $1 billion in 2010.” ◀MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/4/2

TI/National from page 11Osram’s LED manufacturing subsidiary,Osram Opto Semiconductors, as well as pat-ents assigned to Cree LED Lighting, formerly

LED Lighting Fixtures Inc.he cross-licensing agreement covers patents from both par ties in the elds ofblue LED chip technology, white LEDs and

phosphors, packaging, LED luminaires andlamps, and LED lighting control systems.

Osram describes the deal as a continu-ation of its policy of entering into similaragreements with other large LED manu-facturers; in recent years this has includedNichia, Philips and oyoda Gosei. Suchagreements accelerate the spread of LED

technology in all application fields, saidOsram. “For all companies involved, therespectful management of intellectual prop-erty is essential for the smooth developmentof LED technology,” said Martin Goetzeler,Osram’s COO. “Te agreement with Cree isan important step in this process.”

Te deal wi ll help to protect customers of

Osram and Cree from some of the potential patent disputes that may arise in relation tosome of the companies' LED products. Creerecently announced a similar broad cross-

license agreement with Philips and hasexisting patent agreements with Nichia andoyoda Gosei regarding LED technology. ◀MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/4/1

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news+views

REPLACEMENT LAMPS

Totalight offers free LED lamps

otalight, a UK-based LED lamp supplier,says that it is giving away its new GU10dimmable indoor LED lamps in return fora share of the energy savings that they cre-ate. Te 5.3W LED lamps are intended toreplace 50W GU10 halogen lamps. Based onthe energy savings provided by switching tothe LED lamps, otalight will recoup regular

payments as an alternative to a traditionaloutright purchase. otalight calculates aregular payment schedule over a two-year

period based on the customer’s electricit y

price and estimated hours of usage. Aftertwo years, full ownership is transferred tothe customer.

Te lamps can also be purchased up front,so the buyer receives the full benet of allthe energy savings. otalight ack nowledgesthat it makes more money in the long run ifit gives away the lamps for free, but says that

by shouldering the initial outlay it gives thecustomer a no-cost way to switch, which haszero impact on their cash ow. ◀

MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/3/21

MEASUREMENT & SOFTWARE

Radiant Imaging merges with Zemax

wo optical software and test & measure-ment companies based in Washington state,

USA, have merged in a dealfacilitated by Evergreen PacicPartners, the state’s largest pri-

vate-equity fund. Te merger isbetween Redmond, WA-basedRadiant Imaging, Inc. andBellevue, WA-based ZemaxDevelopment Corporation.he companies said that, bycombining their expertiseand resources, they will offer a“powerful, end-to-end solution

for developers designing, testing and produc-ing the next generation of display devices andLED lighting.”

Radiant Imaging is a test & measurementbusiness and its systems are used in lab and production env ironments worldw ide for products such as at-panel displays, laptops, phones, stadium screens and LED devices.Zemax provides engineers and designers

with a software platform for creating opti-cal systems, including lenses, cameras, pro-

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LEDsmagazine.com

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appears to be turning the corner. Despite the challenges we facedin Q3, distributor sell-through has improved and we target solidgrowth next quarter.” Swoboda said that Cree is currently target-

ing revenue to increase by 10% to 12% in scal Q4, led by growth inLED components. ◀MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/3/20

LIFE SCIENCES

LEDs play an increasingly vital rolein life-science applications

While LEDs are now widely used in a range of lighting applications,it turns out that LED lighting can also enable a broad range of life-science applications, including treatments for skin conditions andbrain injuries. While the LEDs used in these applications may not

be the same as those used in general illumination, LED makers canmake the devices on the same fab lines, which can increase fab uti-lization and ultimately reduce component prices.

Skin conditions

Te American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has identied a num-ber of uses for LED lighting in skin-related therapies. “LEDs are signif-icant biologically because they can modify the function of mitochon-dria within cells,” said dermatologist Murad Alam, chief of CutaneousSurgery and Aesthetic Surgery at Northwestern University, Chicago.“Tis can have applications for dermatology, as LEDs may be able toimprove wound healing by reducing inammation, and improve sun-

damaged skin by accelerating the growth of new collagen.”Te narrow spectrum of LED lighting is important in some appli-cations such as the treatment of acne. For example, the US Food andDrug Administration (FDA) has approved blue-light therapy in the405-420-nm range for acne treatments.

“Although blue-light therapy is not as effective as oral antibioticsin clearing active acne, it appears to offer some degree of improve-ment for patients who are not good candidates for traditional acnetherapies,” said Alam. “However, in-offi ce treatments must be admin-istered up to three t imes per week to be effective.” A number of over-the-counter blue-light devices are available for in-home treatments,although Alam notes these are less effective, at least for now.

Medical researchers are also exploring LED-based red- andgreen-light therapies, says the AAD. Red/infrared light in the 600-950 nm range can be used to treat acne, rosacea, and wrinkles. Tered light works by stimulating the mitochondria in the skin that inturn cases older cells to behave like younger cells.

“When light of wavelengths in the 532-595 nm range – i.e. greento yellow – is used on the skin, it can reduce skin redness in some

patients with age-related central facial redness and blood vessels,or rosacea,” said Alam. “But future research is needed to explorelight therapy in this a rea of dermatology.”

Treating brain injur y

It also appears that self-administered LED-based light therapycan help patients recover from traumatic brain injury (BI). A newarticle published in the medical journal Photomedicine and Laser

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Surgery has documented improvements intwo BI patients that coincided with thelight therapy. While the article may be dif-

cult to fully comprehend for anyone lack-ing a medical background, the website

Medpage oday carries a vetted summarythat describes the ndings in simple terms.

wo patients with long-term cognitiveimpairments caused by BI underwent fourmonths of nightly treatment with LED light-ing. Red/near-infrared LEDs were placed onthe forehead and scalp. Te patients showedimprovements in cognitive ability after thetreatment period. Moreover the patientsregressed when the LED light therapy was

discontinued – heightening the likelihoodthat the cognitive improvements weredirectly related to the LED lighting.

Te primary author Margaret Naeser ofBoston University and her associates con-cluded, “Results from the two chronic BIcases described here, along with those from

previous [ light therapy] studies with acute

stroke patients and chronic, major depres-sion cases, suggest that further, controlledresearch with this methodology is war-

ranted. ranscranial red/near-infraredLED may be an inexpensive, noninvasivetreatment, suitable for home treatments, toimprove cognitive function in BI patients,as well as to reduce symptom severity in

post-traumatic stress disorder.”

POWER LEDS

Osram Opto demonstrates142 lm/W warm-white LED

Osram Opto Semiconductors claims to have

set a new laboratory record of 142 lm/Wfor a warm-white LED light source, with aCC of 2755 K and CRI of 81. Measurements

were taken at room temperature and under pulsed-mode operation at an operating cur-rent density of 350 mA/mm. Te color coor-dinates were (x=0.46, y=0.41) on the Planckiancurve and the company says this closely

matches the perception of a classic incan-descent lamp. “If we explore this technicalapproach further, and allow deviations from

the Planckian curve, we should be able toachieve higher effi ciency values of up to 160lm/W for a CC of 3000 K at (x=0.45, y=0.44),”said Norwin von Malm, PredevelopmentManager at Osram Opto Semiconductors. “If

we apply this approach to a 2 mm chip wecan improve effi ciency by a further 10 to 15

percent for the same operating current. We would then expect 180 lm/W for a pure warm- white LED with good color rendering.”

Te increase in effi ciency was made pos-sible by combining new procedures in thin-

lm and UX :3 chip technologies and in conversion (i.e. phosphor technolog y). OsramOpto says that its development engineershave beneted from combined know-how inall aspects of the production process, includ-ing epitaxial growth, thin-lm chip archi-tectures, conversion processes and packagetechnologies.

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programs

funding NEMA publishes twonew SSL standards

Te US National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEM A) has published twonew solid-state lighting (SSL) standards,both directed toward designers, manu-facturers and users of SSL products.

NEMA SSL 1-2010 (www.nema.org/stds/ssl1.cfm) is entitled “Electronic Driv-ers for LED Devices, Arrays, or Systems.”opics covered include ratings, perfor-mance and markings. SSL 1 also providesspecications guidance for electromag-netic immunity, audible noise, and effi -

ciency calculations.SSL 1 Working Group Leader om Sti-mac of GE Lighting Solutions said: “SSL 1is the rst in a series of NEMA SSL stan-dards aimed at setting the foundationfor quality and performance of LED sys-tems. LED drivers are used in every sys-tem today and the ability to verify key

performance and quality aspects will be pivotal in achieving high effi ciency andquality LED lighting systems.”

NEMA SSL 6-2010 (www.nema.org/

stds/ssl6.cfm) is entitled “Solid State Lighting for Incandescent Replacement—Dimming.” It addresses the interactionbetween the dimmer and the lamp, andintroduces requirements to help ensuregood dimming performance and preventdamage to either component.

SSL 6 Working Group Leader RobertNachtrieb of Lutron Electronics said:“SSL 6 is the first NEMA standard totackle head-on the importance of dim-ming energy-efficient LED lamps that

will replace incandescent bulbs. Build-ing on the solid industry consensus weforged for SSL 6, NEMA will continue todevelop standards for other applicationsof LED dimming.”

Robert Hick of Leviton, chair ofNEMA’s Solid State Lighting section, said:“Standardization of evolving technologyis essential...With future additions tothis series, NEMA will continue to iden-tify and eliminate gaps in guidance with-out discouraging innovation within the

industry.”MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/3/9

Te US DOE Municipal Solid-State StreetLighting Consortium has posted drafts ofstreet-lighting specification documentsfor review and is taking public commentsthrough May 2. Te documents are designedas a template for street-lighting buyers whoare focused on solid-state lighting (SSL) proj-ects. Buyers such as municipalities and util-ities can use the documents as a basis fortheir procurement specications.

Te consortium has posted three docu-ments ( www.ssl.energy.gov/resources.html).

he main document includes sections onitems such as warranty, color temperature,environmental design elements, electri-cal requirements such as connectors, andmechanical mounting requirements. hemain document also includes an AppendixB that is focused on evaluating LED lumenmaintenance.

Posted in two separate versions, Appendix A covers the specication of luminaire elec-trical and optical parameters. Te simple ver-sion of Appendix A, referred to as the mate-

rial specication, covers a relatively small setof parameters such as beam pattern, powerconsumption, light output and color tem-

perature. A more complex version of Appen-dix A – the system specication – includes afar more detailed set of requirements suchas light uniformity, and a variety of illumi-nance parameters specied at ground level.

A buyer that wants to use the specica-tion documents would combine their choiceof Appendix A with the main document.Te buyer would edit the Word les, insert-

ing their own values for the specification parameters.Te posted documents include sample val-

ues for the parameters but those are strictlyexamples. For instance, the draft includes105W and 210W luminaire examples for both

versions of Appendix A. But the data in thoseexample specications should not be used bystreet-lighting buyers.

Te intent of the specication documentsis to allow buyers to “avoid starting fromscratch and creating their own vocabulary,”stated Jason uenge, senior lighting designerat the DOE’s Pacic Northwest National Lab-oratory. uenge, who was instrumental in

the creation of the documents, said buyersmust identify their own parameter values to place into the specication documents and perhaps may stil l need consulta nts to help with that process.

Indeed, buyers that use the documentsmight even change the warranty require-ments that are included in the templates.

And uenge reminds that “If you are goingto change the warranty period, you are alsogoing to want to change the requirementsfor warranty enforcement.”

It’s possible that the DOE consortium willultimately develop complete specications fordifferent types of roadways. But that wouldrequire signicant time and effort given thebreadth of the roadway lighting problem andthe many different variables such as polespacing that complicate the issue.

Still, the posted specification tem- plat es sho uld help muni cipa li ties an dutilities to jumpstart their SSL street-lighting programs and to utilize a speci-cation methodology that wil l be universally

understood by luminaire manufactur-ers, distributors, and lig hting designers.◀MORE: www.ssl.energy.gov/resources.html

DOE municipal consortium postsdraft street-lighting specication

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China is pursuing the LED and solid-state lighting (SSL) markets fromevery angle, with every element of

the vertical SSL supply chain represented inthe country. Te rst Strategies in Light (SIL)China conference will focus on ex pansion ofthe global LED and SSL market as Chinesecompanies manufacture LEDs and SSL prod-ucts for the global market, and global suppli-ers have signicant opportunity to expandtheir sales via a huge emerging market forSSL products in China.

SIL China will bring together executivesfrom the leading LED and SSL companies worldwide to explore the markets, appl i-cations, business outlook and most recenttechnology developments – all with a spe-cial focus on China.

Te SIL conferences are now entrenchedas the must-attend event for companiesaround the globe that are focused on LEDsand LED-based products. Successful eventsin the US, Europe and Japan make the debutof a China event a natural next step given

the focus on LEDs and SSL in that country.Te rst Strategies in Light China confer-ence ( ww w.sil-ledchina.com) will be held inHong Kong on May 10-12, 2011, and the con-ference theme is “East Meets West: Expand-ing the Global Market for LEDs and SSL.”

Over the past few years, China has under-gone dramatic growth as both a supplier ofLEDs and LED-based products, as well as amarket for these products. Te governmentis highly supportive of the LED supply indus-try, and in addition is implementing a vari-

ety of policies that encourage a transition toSSL products on the demand side to promote

energy effi ciency.Local governments in China are also sub-sidizing the purchase of MOCVD reactors,

thus attracting a variety of new play-ers to the domestic LED industry, as well as a host of foreign LED compa-nies (mainly from aiwan and Korea)

who are establishing joint venturesand seeking to benet from the subsi-dies. Tis activity may or may not leadto overcapacity in the LED industry,depending on whether or not reactorinstallations actually take place, andover what time period. Of course, thattype of discussion will be front and

center at SIL China.

China plays globally in LEDs

Regardless of how the supply-sidestimulus of the LED industry in China

plays out, it is clear that the ChineseLED and SSL industries are cominginto prominence on the world stage.

All the major non-Chinese LED component suppliers have sign if icantsales activities in China, and somealso have LED packaging operations.

Ella Shum, director of LEDresearch at Strategies Unlimited, willkick off the conference with a globalHB-LED market overview and fore-cast. Expect some specific insightinto the supply and demand anglesof the China market. Shum has deepexperience in the LED market in gen-eral and worked as an early-stageadvisor to China’s SSL program.

Shum’s presentation will provide a reviewand update of worldwide market develop-

ments in HB-LEDs in 2010 and 2011. She willdiscuss top-level market growth trends, as well as developments in each of the major

SIL China focuses on LED and

SSL market expansionChina is undergoing dramatic growth both in the manufacture of LEDs and LED-based products, and

as a huge consumer of solid-state lighting. The rst SIL China event will cover market expansion with

an East Meets West theme, says MAURY WRIGHT .

MAURY WRIGHT is the Senior echnical Editor

of LEDs Magazine.

The 610-meter-high Canton Tower, also knownas the Guangzhou TV tower or “Slender Waist,”

is the world’s highest stand-alone TV tower,

and is illuminated from within by more than

6,000 Philips LED luminaires. Containing more

than 330,000 LEDs from Philips Lumileds,

the luminaires provide colorful, dynamic and

viv id visual effects using just 500 kW of power.

MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/press/30569.

conferences | SIL CHINA PREVIEW

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application areas, including lighting. In addi-tion, Shum will provide a market forecastthrough 2015.

Te conference will also include a signi-cant focus on the use of LEDs in general-illu-mination applications. A large number ofChinese companies are using imported high-

performance LEDs to manufacture l ighting products for the export market, either undertheir own brands or on an OEM basis for for-eign lighting companies. Also, domestic andforeign companies alike are producing LEDlighting products for the growing domes-tic market. herefore, it is clear that bothChinese-based and foreign companies have

increasingly interdependent relationships inthe rapidly evolving worldwide market for SSL.

SSL keynote and key speakers

Te conference Keynote Speaker will surelyoffer insight into the evolving lighting mar-ket. Biing-Jye Lee, chairman of EpistarCorporation, will present a talk entitled

“Actualizing LED lighting.” Lee is a highlyrespected LED industry veteran, havingfounded Epistar in 1996, and since built itto a position among the world’s largest mer-chant suppliers of LED chips. Lee will discuss

how the SSL industry’s focus is changing fromlumen per watt to lumen per dollar, thusenabling a much broader transition to SSLfor general-illumination applications.

Several speakers at Strategies in Light

HBTechnology Cast Group is supplying 120W and 180W LED street lights

to three urban distric ts in Beijing to replace 250W and 400W sodium-vapor

lamps. The luminaires use Oslon SSL LEDs from Osram Opto Semiconductors.MORE: www.ledsmagazine.com/products/30621.


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* This part is tested under the condition of assembling it on a PCB and isolating the electrical path by silicone.

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China will address the LED industry and market developments inChina. Jack Zhang, CEO of Gaogong LED Institute, will discuss the var-ious government LED incentive programs in China and their impact

on the worldwide markets and the competitive landscape. Zhang isamong the most highly respected market researchers covering theLED scene in China, and he will describe how the Chinese govern-ment incentive program has created a huge worldwide investment inthe upstream (epi and chips) segment of the LED industry in China.

Piet Derks, Philips Lighting senior director and general managerfor lighting R&D in China, will discuss the challenges for the Chi-nese lighting industry to successfully introduce LED lighting in out-door applications, especially for roadway lighting. R ichard Sy, vice

president and general manager, China at Cree Hong Kong Ltd., willaddress recent developments in the Chinese LED industry, includingthe domestic supply chain and the most recent investment trends.

Osram Opto Semiconductors Asia president and CEO Alfred Felder will present “Te LED world – a revolution in the lighting industry.”Felder’s presentation will analyze the technical factors and challengesthat will affect SSL development. Furthermore, it will provide insightson innovative SSL applications with state-of-the art LED technologies.

Other speakers focusing on the LED industry in China includeSchiu Sche, policy advisor with the aiwan Electrical and ElectronicManufacturers’ Association; Waiming Poo-Cheong, Asia Pacicregional marketing manager for Philips Lumileds Lighting; andEnboa Wu, vice president and director of the materials and packag-ing technology group at the Hong Kong Applied Science & echnol-ogy Research Institute (ASRI).

Sche will speak on strategic measures in Chinese public policyintended to accelerate SSL adoption. He will also address cross-strait investment trends. Poo-Cheong will address the differencesin requirements in the Chinese domestic and export markets for LED

products. And Wu will provide an overview of ASRI’s work on SSL.He will present research results on power GaN vertical LED chips,LED packaging, LEDs for indoor and outdoor lighting, and LEDs forat-panel and projection displays.

Investing in SSL

While many of the presentations wil l include a nancial element,there are a few sessions that will be especially useful to the invest-

ment community. Jed Dorsheimer, managing director of equityresearch for lighting and solar at investment bank CanaccordGenuity, will provide his outlook for the LED business for what hecalled “the third cycle.” Te third cycle refers to how the general-lighting market will drive LED supply and demand as opposed to thesecond cycle that has been driven by display backlighting.

Sierra Ventures’ partner Robert Walker will add a venture capi-talist’s view of SSL opportunities in China. Walker has direct LEDindustry experience having served as the CEO of Bridgelux from 2005to 2007. He also has experience as a venture capitalist investing in

Asia and will describe the burgeoning venture capital and entrepre-neurial infrastructure in China.

SIL China attendees will also have the opportunity to meet andmingle with key players in the LED industry and leading LED andSSL manufacturers on the exhibit oor.


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© 2011 Tyco Electronics Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

NEVALO, TE (logo), and TE Connectivity are trademarks of the TE Connectivity group of companies and its licensors.

TE introduces the new NEVALO SSL system

The NEVALO system’s integrated electronics, optics and thermal management

allow you to go to market faster and with confidence.

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Market ($ billion)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

HB-LEDs for SSL

Replacement lamps

Luminaires

201520142013201220112010

S

trategies in Light (SIL) 2011 took place in Santa Cla ra in February,

and the rst part of our conferencereview entitled “SIL presentations chartLED advancements and application evolu-tion” was published in our March 2011 issue( ww w.led smagazine.com/feat ures/8/3/7). Here, we look at another selection of presen-tations, while our third article on page 39focuses on the LEDs in Lighting track.

LEDs in lighting

Te total LED lighting market was worth$4.98 billion in 2010, according to Vrinda

Bhandarkar of Strategies Unlimited in heropening presentation of the LEDs in Lightingtrack at SIL. Replacement lamps accountedfor 20% of the total, or just below $1 billion,

with luminaires accounting for the remain-der. As shown in Fig. 1, the replacement lampmarket will g row most rapidly over the nextve years, particularly from 2013 to 2014 dueto effects of regulations that ban ineffi cientlamps. Te total LED lighting market willexceed $20 billion by 2015.

Consumer portable was the largest LED

luminaires segment in 2010, with 20% of the$4.98 billion total, followed by architectural(18%), commercial/industr ial (15%), outdoorarea lighting (8%) and safety & security (7%).

Bhandarkar identied several challengesfor SSL, one of which is that standards are not

yet an industry norm. In terms of luminaires,manufacturers need to address the effi ciencyof product design, quality issues and productreliability. Other challenges include compet-ing lighting technologies, as well as educationof customers and end users.

Lighting designers’ views

wo renowned lighting designers also

spoke in the plenary session of the LEDs inLighting track. Patricia Glasow, a Principal

of Auerbach Glasow French, spoke aboutSSL in the real world. “en years ago, no-onehad heard of LEDs,” she said. “Now, they arealways requested, event though the client

may not know what LEDs are.”

Nancy Clanton, president of Clanton & Associates, spoke to the SIL audience andLED community on behalf of other lightingdesigners. “Listen to us,” she said. “We wantto support SSL, we’re your biggest fans. Butdon’t use us as guinea pigs.”

Glasow pointed to a number of areas in which LED lighting has improved, for example the availability of greater effi ciency in war m white, the availabil ity of hig h CRI,and the usefulness of the Caliper program.She pointed out that there are now multi-

ple manufacturers of spec if icat ion-gra dedownlights, and these are no longer a spe-cialty product. Also, products are available

that provide a variety of beam ang les – from14° spots to 50° oods – as well as beam con-

trol. “Drama is back ,” she said.However, Glasow also said that muchremains to be done. “We need candela dis-tribution, not just lumens,” she said. “Dim-

ming performance isoften disappointing.

And we don’t actuallyknow how products

perform over time.”Clanton discussed

the use of LEDs inexterior lighting, and

pointed out that thedirectionality of LEDscan eliminate wastedlight and light tres-

pass. However, it isnot always necessaryor desirable to have asharply-dened lightdistribution pattern

with per fec t un ifor-mity, she said. “In the

situation where LEDs are working well [see

Fig. 2], we illuminate what’s required, but without the sharp edges.”Clanton also discussed spectral distri-

bution, saying that white light increases per iphera l det ection and renders colorsbetter, but that too much blue light couldaffect the environment. Glare is an issue,and lights should have an appropriate BUG(backlight, uplight, glare) rating; in factthis specication is being revised a littlefor LEDs, she said.

Clanton also advised that the industry

needs better color consistency via tighterbins, and that she would love all luminairesto be dimmable.

SIL 2011: Progress continues but

challenges still remain for LED lightingIn the second part of our review from Strategies in Light 2011, TIM WHITAKER discusses the

views of lighting designers, LED market adoption factors, the LightSavers program, lightguide

technology, and more.

FIG. 1. The total market for LED lighting (LED luminaires and

LED replacement lamps) will exceed $20 billion by 2015, and

the market for HB-LEDs used in solid-state lighting will exceed

$4.5 billion, according to Strategies Unlimited.

conferences | STRATEGIES IN LIGHT

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Traditional street lighting LEDs not working well LEDs working well

W a s t e

d l i g h

t /

l i g h t

t r e s p

a s s


LightSavers outdoor LED program

Phil Jessup, Head of International Lighting with Te Climate Group, described progress

on the LightSavers outdoor LED lighting program. Te 10 LightSavers cities and theiragencies operate 2.1 million street lights

between them, 2% of the total worldwide.Currently, said Jessup, 27 products from 13companies are being evaluated in 19 trials.He discussed the trial in Central Park in New

York City, and said that an LED replacement program cou ld have a payback of 3- 4 years

if the luminaire cost is below $600 each for1400 lamps, assuming a 50,000-hour life-time. Tis is based on purchasing the lumi-naires with a municipal 20-year bond withan average yield of 3.6%. Jessup noted thatthe city needs to make decisions on light lev-els; high lig ht levels help to deter crime, butglare becomes a key aesthetic issue.

Jessup presented some lessons learnedfrom the trials, for example that LED lamps

can produce light comparable to baselinelamps with 63% savings. However, savingsare less (10-25%) for high-power lamps on

arterial roads. Also, the trials have revealed, perhaps not surprisingly, that there are con-siderable performance differences between

different LED products, so it is important totest multiple products. LED luminaire sup-

pliers need to work more closely with munic-ipalities on trials, said Jessup, since this willimprove acceptance of the technology. Healso advised luminaire suppliers to model

their product’s performance in advance toensure compliance with municipal needs.Tey should follow up with municipal staffto make sure their products are properlyinstalled and operated, said Jessup, and askfor feedback and guidance on performanceand product design.

Market adoption and s-curves

In the HB-LED Market track, Michael

Wats on , Sr . Di re cto r Mark et in g & Applications with Cre e, focuse d on thes-curve for LED adoption. “S-curves don’t

just naturally happen,” he said. “So how do we [the industry] make it happen?” Tereare many, many predictions of what the

s-curve will look like, andeach segment, such asashlights, or outdoor, orretrot lamps, has its owns-curve (Fig. 3). But, said

Watson, the focu s shouldbe on driving adoption,and this is done by look-ing at the value to every-

one in the lighting ecosys-tem. “Lack of value createsresistance, and this can’tbe ignored,” he said. “Valuecreation will drive adop-tion.” In order to accelerate

adoption, the industry needs to evolve fromthe current situation, where supply is push-ing demand, to a situation where the marketis demanding SSL products.

Watson said that value is built by enhanc-ing benets and reducing costs, and this

occurs along three axes; enhanced perfor-mance, application optimization and ease ofuse. In terms of performance, Watson com-mented that Cree will always push lm/W

values, since it wants to be the indu str yleader. Application optimization essentiallymeans that one size does not t all applica-tions. “Volume alone [for a single LED type]

will not drive down cost,” said Watson. Easeof use means making LEDs easy to build into

SIL attendees viewed outdoor lighting xtures from RAB Lighting (left) and surface prolers from Bruker Corp (right).


FIG. 2. Traditional street lights (lef t) can result in light trespass onto buildings, but some LED-based

solutions are too directional with a sharp-edged light pattern, in this case (center) failing to illuminate

the sidewalk. Source: Clanton & Associates.



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Time

AdoptionReduced demand

Slower rate of adoption

Less application/segmentadoption

S e g m

e n t s /

a p p l i

c a t i o

n s

Composite S-curve

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luminaires, and also making LEDs easy toadopt, for example via consumer rebates.Education and promotion is an important

part of t his process. It’s a lso impor tant todevelop SSL ecosystem partnerships, said Watson, adding : “Cooperation (not collu-sion) can help accelerate adoption.”

Lightguides for lighting

echnology developed to improve lightextraction from lightguides in display appli-cations is now being adapted for lightingby Rambus Inc, as Marc McConnaughey,

VP of Lig hting and Display echnolog y,explained. Te company’s MicroLens tech-

nology was acquired from GL in late 2009( www.ledsmag az ine.com/news/6/12/12) and has been developed further. MicroLensoptical features enable precise control ofthe uniformity and exit angle of either dif-fuse or directed light, and perform bet-ter than printed dots orlaser-ablated features,said McConnaughey.he MicroLens opti-cal features can be var-ied by depth, shape,

density and location tosupport any display sizeor light-source location.McConnaughey identi-fied task lighting, arealighting and wall-washlighting as suitable forlight guides, and said thelatter was the “most dif-cult problem to solve inlighting today.”

However, the produc-

tion process is the mainbottleneck to enablinghigh volume and low cost.Rambus is developing a lm-manufacturingtechnology in which the microstructures arereplicated onto a 36-inch-diameter, 65-inch-long cylinder. Tis cylinder is used to embossthe features onto a wide, thin, plastic lm.Rambus plans to license the process and thetechnology; luminaire makers could manu-facture the lms in-house, or more likely

purchase them from a specialist supplier.

GaN-on-silicon LEDs

Lattice Power claims to have the first

commercial, high-power LEDs based onGaN-on-silicon technology, according toBo Lu, executive VP of the China-based

company. LEDs are produced on 2-inch sili-con wafers, but Latttice Power is looking totransfer production to 6-inch silicon in 2012,said Lu, in order to drive down costs andtake advantage of standard tools for semi-conductor IC manufacturing.

Te company has developed various pro-cesses to overcome the challenges of g row-ing GaN on silicon, for example the use of

wet etching to remove the si licon substrateafter growth. Selective growth is carried outon a pre-patterned substrate using a propri-

etary multi layer buffer. Lu said that optimiz-ing the quantum-well structure is key formaximizing the internal quantum effi ciency.

he current production average for abare chip (0.95 x 0.95 mm) is 340 mW radi-ant power, said Lu, which translates into an

output of 96 lm for a cool-white LED at 350mA. Te company is on track to improvethese values to 380 mW per chip (105 lm fora white LED) by June 2011.

High voltage for retrot lamps

Te challenge for SSL is to increase bothlm/W and lm/$ values, said M.J. Jou, presi-dent and CEO of LED chip-maker Epistar. Te

industry is involved in a race to 500 lm/$ forcool-white LEDs, said Jou, and the DOE road-map expects this to be achieved by 2015. B

LEDS MAGAZINE-ABR MAY 2011

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Transcript of LEDS MAGAZINE-ABR MAY 2011