Lecture1 Intro(1)

GEO1115 – Introduction to Earth materials Lecture 1

GEO 1115 INTRODUCTION TO EARTH MATERIALS


1. course outline

2. lab schedule 3. lab report format 4. intro to Earth materials

TODAY


Professor Simone Dumas Marion 220 tel: 613-562-5800 ext. 6230 e-mail: [email protected] Office hours: Fridays 14h30-16h

* for any questions related to the lectures

WHO?

LECTURES


Lab coordinator Claude Farley Marion 117 tel: 613-562-5800 ext. 8139 e-mail: [email protected] Office hours: Mondays 11h-12h30 Role: field trip/lab leader, answer lab-related questions, coordinate TAs

WHO?

Teaching assistants (TAs) Two teaching assistants per lab section (5 sections in total) (see course outline for contact info and office hours)

LABORATORIES / FIELD TRIPS


Course schedule Lectures Tuesdays 10:00-11:30 Room LMX122 Lab / field trips Section A Wednesdays 8:30-11:30 MRN 127 (or bus stop) Section B Thursdays 8:30-11:30 MRN 127 (or bus stop) Section C Thursdays 14:30-17:30 MRN 127 (or bus stop) Section D Fridays 14:30-17:30 MRN 127 (or bus stop) Section E Mondays 14:30-17:30 MRN 127 (or bus stop)

Tutorials Tuesdays from 11:30-13:30 in MRN 127. During these sessions, Lab coordinator and TAs will be present to answer questions regarding lab assignments (lab reports, quizzes)

WHEN AND WHERE?


Course description Identification, properties and interpretation of Earth materials in field excursions and laboratory exercises. Common rock-forming and metallic minerals; sedimentary rocks and fossils; igneous rocks and textures; metamorphic rocks and fabrics; unconsolidated materials (clay; silt; sand; gravel and soils). Geology of the Ottawa area. Course objectives The student will be able to understand and apply some fundamental geological field techniques. In addition, the student will understand the origin and be able to recognize important geological materials and processes.

WHAT?


Calendar (see course outline)

Some of the topics covered:

•  Earth’s structure •  Plate tectonics •  Rock cycle •  Rock deformation •  Geologic time •  Earth’s history •  Geological history of the Ottawa-Gatineau area •  Glaciers and glaciations •  Minerals •  Igneous, Sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks •  Geological maps

Calendar and topics


Course evaluation Lab reports and quizzes 50% Lab exam 15% Final exam 35%* Late labs -20%/day** * Students must score 50% or higher on the final exam to pass this course. ** All lab reports must be handed in to the TAs at the beginning of the lab session on the assigned due date (see syllabus).

HOW?


Cheating policy Zero tolerance. If you are caught cheating or copying you will automatically receive a “zero” with no chance of a make up lab or exam. You can work in teams of two or three but you must hand in separate and non-identical lab reports. Review the rules on proper referencing.


Laboratory manual (required) Sold by the Department’s receptionist, in MRN 121. Cash only. Cost: 12$. Recommended Pocket handlense, magnification of 10X. Handlense can be purchased from the University of Ottawa Science Store (basement of D’Iorio) for ~ 7-10$. (A list of other suggested textbooks is provided in the syllabus)


Lab vs Lab


Field trips (The first 6 lab sessions are field trips in the Ottawa area) When? - Refer to the schedule of your lab section (at the beginning of this handout). Be on time or you will miss the bus. Where? - The bus will be parked in front of Lamoureux Hall (at the corner of Marie-Curie and Jean-Jacques Lussier) Weather? - The field trips will not be cancelled or postponed because of bad weather – come prepared! What to bring? - Lab manual, notebook, writing supplies, ruler, handlense, proper clothing and footwear – raincoat, boots, etc. (Note: field equipment such as compasses will be supplied by the university)


Virtual Campus (the central nervous system of this course!) ** All material related to this course will be posted on Virtual Campus (accessible via the University of Ottawa web site; you will need a username and password which you can obtain by phoning 613-562-5800 ext. 6555). If you are having problems with the access to this course's site through Virtual Campus, please phone 613-562-5800 ext. 6555, or send an electronic request using the “support form” available at: https://maestro.uottawa.ca/indexEN.asp. It is essential for your success to keep current with the content of the courses web page. From this page you will have access to all the course notes, and last minute changes in notes or handouts. Finally, all marks will be posted on Virtual Campus.


Expectations Since this course is a very hands on and practical course, there is a great emphasis on field trips; lab exercises and lab exam are worth 65% of your mark. Your level of involvement during these practical sessions will more than likely be related to your level of success in the course. Come prepared, take the time to submit high quality lab reports, and ASK QUESTIONS!!!


Bilingual glossary of geology – www.terre.uottawa.ca/geodictio/

Tool – on-line


LAB REPORT GUIDELINES (included in your Lab Manual)

Tool – section of lab manual


Guidelines for your lab reports (very important!) p. 17-20 of Lab manual

Your lab reports must include the following elements: 1. Title page (name, student #, course code, date, title of the lab) 2. Brief description of the site and outcrop (location, size and orientation of outcrop, etc…) 3. Objective(s) of the lab exercise 4. GEOLOGICAL MAPS AND SECTIONS: title, appropriate scale bars (horizontal and/or vertical), North arrow, legend (lithology symbols, structural symbols, …) 5. The answers to the questions in the lab handout 6. References (if appropriate)


Guidelines for your lab reports (very important!)

IN YOUR WRITTEN ANSWERS: it is important to first outline your observations and then use these observations to support your interpretations (e.g.: the presence of suspended feeders trace fossils indicate that the sand was deposited in a high energy environment, likely in a shallow marine depositional setting.) *** Neatness and clarity will be rewarded; they demonstrate effort


Examples of other tools included in the lab handout


Practical accessories

Hard cover field note book

http://www.geo-tools.com Hand lense

Good footwear


Basic concepts

1. What is geology ? from the Greek geo – Earth logos – study study of the Earth


Basic concepts Geology is a broad discipline with many sub-disciplines: Geochronology: time and Earth history

Planetary geology: geology of planets Paleontology: study of fossils and life on Earth Economic geology : mineral and petroleum resources Oceanography: oceans Structural geology: rock deformation Geochemistry: géologie of chemical changes Geophysics: structure of the Earth Etc …


Basic concepts Construction materials (stone, bricks, steel, ciment, glass, …)

Marion Hall (Earth Sciences Dept.) Parliament Buildings


Basic concepts

Petroleum industry (gas, plastics, rubber, cosmetics)


Basic concepts

Mining industry (gold, silver, iron, copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, …)


Basic concepts Natural disasters

Tsunamis

Volcanic eruptions


•  343mm of rain in 24 hrs (some areas) •  monsoon rains linked to La Niña •  1 million km2 affected (larger than B.C.) •  200 000 people affected; 22 towns •  10 billion$; Australia’s most costly natural disaster •  45% increase in global grain price (damaged Australian wheat crop)

Coraki, NSW

Brisbane, QNLD

A few numbers …

Geology in the news – Floods in Australia, January 2011


Geology in the news – March 11th 2011, Magnitude 8.9 Earthquake in Japan

20% of the world’s major Earthquakes are felt in Japan

Tectonics → junction of 4 plates


Geology in the news – Japan Earthquake generated devastating tsunami

4th largest Earthquake recorded > 250 aftershocks > 18 000 fatalities > 500 000 people evacuated/displaced 3 nuclear reactor damaged 50 countries sending aid (*numbers as of March 14th, 2011)


Basic concepts

Our planet, the Earth, is a complex body composed of dynamic inter-related systems:

Energy source:

Water (hydrosphere) Thin gas envelope (atmosphere) Life (biosphere) Earth materials (core, mantle, crust)

solar energy heat from radioactive decay

External source: Internal source:


Basic concepts Earth systems


What are these Earth materials that are part of the Earth system?

Minerals Rocks Sediments Soils


Basic concepts Mineral: inorganic crystallin solid, natural (~30 are common in the Earth’s crust)

Rock: mineral aggregate

E.g. granite = quartz + feldspar + biotite + amphibole

garnet apatite

quartz sulfur


Basic concepts Three types of rocks:

Sedimentary: Consolidation of rock fragment (sediments) - clastic Precipitation of minerals from solution – chemical/biochemical

Metamorphic: alteration of rocks (either igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic), at depth, by intense heat and/or high pressure.

Igneous: formed by the crystalllization of magma (molten rock). These rocks can be either intrusive or extrusive.


Basic concepts Igneous rock:

Granite (intrusive)

Basalt (extrusive)


Sedimentary rock:

Sandstone (lithified sand)

Fossiliferous limestone


Basic concepts Metamorphic rocks:

Gneiss (foliated)

Marble (non-foliated)


Lab session (sept. 12th-17th) Walk on campus (~ 1h), meet in Marion 127 (Lab report due at the beginning of next lab – you have one week!)

Next class:

•  Origin and structure of the Earth •  Plate tectonics •  Geologic time •  Relative dating

Lecture1 Intro(1)

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