Lecture: Water & Solutions. I. Often-used terms The solute dissolves into the solvent, making a...
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Lecture: Lecture: Water & Solutions Water & Solutions
Transcript of Lecture: Water & Solutions. I. Often-used terms The solute dissolves into the solvent, making a...
Lecture:Lecture:Water & SolutionsWater & Solutions
I. Often-used termsI. Often-used terms
The The solutesolute dissolvesdissolves into the into the solventsolvent, , making a making a solutionsolution
Example: making Kool-Aid…Example: making Kool-Aid…
What is the What is the solutesolute??
What is the What is the solventsolvent??
What is the What is the solutionsolution??
I. Often-used termsI. Often-used terms
If a If a solventsolvent can dissolve more can dissolve more solutesolute, , the the solutionsolution is is un un saturatedsaturated..
If a If a solventsolvent has dissolved as much has dissolved as much solutesolute as it can, the as it can, the solutionsolution is is saturatedsaturated..
II. Factors Affecting SolvationII. Factors Affecting Solvation
(dissolving)(dissolving)1)1) Agitation (shaking it)Agitation (shaking it)
2)2) Temperature (more dissolves in hot Temperature (more dissolves in hot water)water)
3)3) Surface Area of SoluteSurface Area of Solute
4)4) PolarityPolarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation
2) temperature2) temperature
3) Surface Area 3) Surface Area of Soluteof Solute
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
2) temperature2) temperature
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature Heat the solutionHeat the solution
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature Heat the solutionHeat the solution Cool the solutionCool the solution
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature Heat the solutionHeat the solution Cool the solutionCool the solution
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
Crush solute into Crush solute into smaller piecessmaller pieces
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature Heat the solutionHeat the solution Cool the solutionCool the solution
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
Crush solute into Crush solute into smaller piecessmaller pieces
Leave solute in Leave solute in larger pieceslarger pieces
4) Polarity4) Polarity
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature Heat the solutionHeat the solution Cool the solutionCool the solution
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
Crush solute into Crush solute into smaller piecessmaller pieces
Leave solute in Leave solute in larger pieceslarger pieces
4) Polarity4) Polarity Polarity of solute Polarity of solute and solvent the and solvent the samesame
Factors Affecting SolvationFactors Affecting Solvation(dissolving)(dissolving)
FactorFactor To increase To increase solvation…solvation…
To decrease To decrease solvation…solvation…
1) agitation1) agitation Shake or stir Shake or stir solutionsolution
Leave solution Leave solution undisturbedundisturbed
2) temperature2) temperature Heat the solutionHeat the solution Cool the solutionCool the solution
3) Surface Area of 3) Surface Area of SoluteSolute
Crush solute into Crush solute into smaller piecessmaller pieces
Leave solute in Leave solute in larger pieceslarger pieces
4) Polarity4) Polarity Polarity of solute Polarity of solute and solvent the and solvent the samesame
Polarity of solute Polarity of solute and solvent and solvent differentdifferent
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
I.I. MolarityMolarity
II.II. % Concentration% Concentration
III.III. Parts Per Million (ppm)Parts Per Million (ppm)
IV.IV. Grams per Liter (g/L)Grams per Liter (g/L)
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
I.I. MolarityMolarity
II.II. % Concentration% Concentration
III.III. Parts Per Million (ppm)Parts Per Million (ppm)
IV.IV. Grams per Liter (g/L)Grams per Liter (g/L)
Learning Opportunity #1Learning Opportunity #1
How many moles of CaClHow many moles of CaCl22 would be would be required to make 5.0 L of a 2.5 M required to make 5.0 L of a 2.5 M solution?solution?
Learning Opportunity #1Learning Opportunity #1
How many moles of CaClHow many moles of CaCl22 would be would be required to make 5.0 L of a 2.5 M required to make 5.0 L of a 2.5 M solution?solution?
answer: 12.5 moles answer: 12.5 moles CaClCaCl22
Learning Opportunity #2Learning Opportunity #2
How many grams of NaCl would be How many grams of NaCl would be required to make 12.0 L of a 3.0 M required to make 12.0 L of a 3.0 M solution?solution?
Learning Opportunity #2Learning Opportunity #2
How many grams of NaCl would be How many grams of NaCl would be required to make 12.0 L of a 3.0 M required to make 12.0 L of a 3.0 M solution?solution?
answer: 2106 grams NaClanswer: 2106 grams NaCl
Actual CST Question!Actual CST Question!
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
I.I. MolarityMolarity
II.II. % Concentration% Concentration
III.III. Parts Per Million (ppm)Parts Per Million (ppm)
IV.IV. Grams per Liter (g/L)Grams per Liter (g/L)
Learning Opportunity #3Learning Opportunity #3
How many grams of NaCl are required How many grams of NaCl are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution?solution?
Learning Opportunity #3Learning Opportunity #3
How many grams of NaCl are required How many grams of NaCl are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution?solution?
answer: 20 grams NaClanswer: 20 grams NaCl
Learning Opportunity #4Learning Opportunity #4
How many grams of How many grams of waterwater are required are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution?solution?
Learning Opportunity #4Learning Opportunity #4
How many grams of water are required How many grams of water are required to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl to make 500 grams of a 4% NaCl solution?solution?
answer: 480 g Hanswer: 480 g H22OO
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
III. Parts per MillionIII. Parts per Million
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
I.I. MolarityMolarity
II.II. % Concentration% Concentration
III.III. Parts Per Million (ppm)Parts Per Million (ppm)
IV.IV. Grams per Liter (g/L)Grams per Liter (g/L)
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
The concentration of chlorine in a The concentration of chlorine in a swimming pool is 500 ppm (parts per swimming pool is 500 ppm (parts per million). How many grams of chlorine million). How many grams of chlorine are in 1 kg of this pool water?are in 1 kg of this pool water?
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
The concentration of chlorine in a The concentration of chlorine in a swimming pool is 500 ppm (parts per swimming pool is 500 ppm (parts per million). How many grams of chlorine million). How many grams of chlorine are in 1 kg of this pool water?are in 1 kg of this pool water?
answer: 0.5 g Clanswer: 0.5 g Cl
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
I.I. MolarityMolarity
II.II. % Concentration% Concentration
III.III. Parts Per Million (ppm)Parts Per Million (ppm)
IV.IV. Grams per Liter (g/L)Grams per Liter (g/L)
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
The solubility of ammonia in water is The solubility of ammonia in water is 340 g/L. How many grams of ammonia 340 g/L. How many grams of ammonia can dissolve in 55 L of water?can dissolve in 55 L of water?
Concentration CalculationsConcentration Calculations
The solubility of ammonia in water is The solubility of ammonia in water is 340 g/L. How many grams of ammonia 340 g/L. How many grams of ammonia can dissolve in 55 L of water?can dissolve in 55 L of water?
answer: 18,700 g answer: 18,700 g
