Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
Transcript of Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
1/36
Statistics One
2
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
2/36
1:
2:
3:
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
3/36
2~ 1
1:
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
4/36
, 1 , ,
. , . Steven Pinker
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
5/36
Polio Vaccine
In 1952, the first effective polio vaccin
developed by Dr. Jonas Salk How do we know that it was effective?
Experimental research! Randomized Controlled Experiments
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
6/36
Polio Vaccine
Sample Initial
4,000 children from Virginia Final
1.8 million children from 44 states
Population All children in the USA
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
7/36
Polio Vaccine
Independent variable Treatment
Vaccine Placebo
Dependent variable Polio diagnosis (measure of an individua Rate of polio (measure of a group of chil
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
8/36
Polio Vaccine
Double-blind experiment Experimenter did not know if the treatm
vaccine or placebo
Child (and parents) did not know if thetreatment was vaccine or placebo
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
9/36
Polio Vaccine
Results Rate (per 100,000)
Treatment: 28 Control: 71
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
10/36
Polio Vaccine
By 1994 polio had been completelyeradicated from all the Americas
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
11/36
Segment Summary
The major benefit of randomizedexperiments is they allow for strong c
about causalityWhy stuff happens!
Predict stuff Prevent bad stuff Promote good stuff
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
12/36
Segment Summary
Strong causal claims require: True independent variables Random and representative samples
No confounds (impossible, but we try ou
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
13/36
END SEGMENT
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
14/36
Lecture 1 ~ Segment 2
Example 2: Memory Training
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
15/36
Memory Training
Is it possible for adults to enhance thintelligence by training their working
memory? Promote good stuff!
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
16/36
Memory Training
Sample College students
Population Healthy adults
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
17/36
Memory Training
Independent variable Training
Memory training No training
Dependent variable Gain in score on an intelligence test
IQ gain
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
18/36
Memory Training
Procedure Treatment group engaged in memory tra
for a half hour every day for weeks See next slide
IQ All subjects completed a test of intelligence
and after training
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
19/36
Memory Training
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
20/36
Memory Training
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
21/36
Memory Training
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
22/36
Memory Training
Does it really work? Potential confounds?
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
23/36
Segment Summary
The major benefit of randomizedexperiments is they allow for strong c
about causalityWhy stuff happens! Predict stuff
Prevent bad stuff Promote good stuff
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
24/36
Segment Summary
Strong causal claims require: True independent variables Random and representative samples No confounds (impossible, but we try ou
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
25/36
END SEGMENT
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
26/36
Lecture 1 ~ Segment 3
The concept of random
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
27/36
Random
Experimental research requires: Random selection Random assignment
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
28/36
Random
Random selection Individuals included in a sample should b
randomly selected from the population
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
29/36
Illustration
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
30/36
Random
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
31/36
Not random
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
32/36
Random
Random assignment Individuals are randomly assigned to con
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
33/36
Random assignmentGroup 1 Group 2
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
34/36
Segment Summary
Experimental research requires: Random selection Random assignment
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
35/36
END SEGMENT
-
5/27/2018 Lecture Slides Stats1.13.L02.AIR
36/36
END LECTURE 1