Lecture 02 engineering design
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Transcript of Lecture 02 engineering design
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Concepts in Concepts in Engineering DesignEngineering Design
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EngineeringEngineering
... is defined as an activity of overcoming difficulties for practical applications of concepts that are proved to be true theoretically. This activity is composed of mental activities, paperwork, human power and machine power.
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EngineeringEngineering
... is defined as an activity of overcoming difficulties for practical applications of concepts that are proved to be true theoretically. This activity is composed of mental activities, paperwork, human power and machine power.
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Remember these Remember these figures...figures...
NEED
PRODUCT
ENGINEERING PROCESS
People,Society,Nature
NEED
PRODUCT
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Engineering ActivitiesEngineering Activities
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Functions of EngineersFunctions of Engineers
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Functions of EngineersFunctions of Engineers
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DEFINITIONS of DESIGNDEFINITIONS of DESIGN
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Author Definition Keywords
C. Alexander
Finding the right physical components of a physical structure. Finding, physical
L. B. Archer
A goal-directed problem solving activity. Goal-directed, solving activity
M. Asimow
Decision making in the face of uncertainty with high penalties for error.
Decision making, uncertainty, high penalties for error
P. J. Booker
Simulating what we want to make (or do) before we make (or do) it as many time as may be necessary to feel confident in the final result.
Simulating to feel confident
M. Farr The conditioning factor for those parts of the product which come into contact with people.
Contact with people
S. Gregory
Relating product with situation to give satisfaction. Product, satisfaction
J. C. Jones
The performing of a very complicated act of faith Act of faith
E. Matchett
The optimum solution to the sum of the true needs of a particular set o circumstances.
True needs
J. K. Page
The imaginative jump from present facts to future possibilities.
Imaginative jump, Present facts; future possibility
J. B. Reswick
A creative activity-it involves bringing into being something new and useful that not existed has not existed previously.
Creative activity, useful not existed previously
J. P. Vidosic
The creation of an end result that satisfies a human need by taking definite action.
Creation, Result satisfies human need, action
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DDesign esign AActivityctivity
... is defined, in general, as the planning and realization of a creative strategy to accomplish a physical, mental, moral or artistic task or to satisfy a real need.
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DDesign esign AActivityctivity
... is defined, in general, as the planning and realization of a creative strategy to accomplish a physical, mental, moral or artistic task or to satisfy a real need.
This is engineering!..
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PPurpose of urpose of DDesignesign
The purpose of design is defined [Mostow, 1985] as the construction of a structure (artifact) description that;
Satisfies a given (probably informal) functional specification,
Conforms to the limitations of the target medium, Meets implicit or explicit requirements on performance
(time, space, power, cost etc.) and structure (style, simplicity etc.),
Satisfies restrictions on the design process itself.
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Design activitiesDesign activities
Design activities include Creativity, Decision-making, Modeling.
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DEFINITIONS of ENGINEERING DESIGNDEFINITIONS of ENGINEERING DESIGN
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EngineeringEngineering and and designdesign activities are activities are blended in blended in Engineering DesignEngineering Design
ENGINEERING DESIGN ENGINEERING DESIGN
Time consuming activity Mental activity Mentally initiated time consuming activity
Physical Conceptual Conceptually developed physical products
Close to science Close to art Creative work based on scientific principles
Methodological Intuitive Intuitive started methodology
Solves problems Creates problems Solution-Problem, Problem-Solution chains are unbreakable
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T. T. T. T. WoodsonWoodson
An iterative decision making activity to produce the plans by which resources are converted: preferably optimally, into systems or devices to meet human needs.
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J. P. VidosicJ. P. Vidosic
The process that uses engineering tools-mathematics, graphics, language-and scientific principles to evolve a plan, which when fully carried out will satisfy a human need.
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G. B. R. FieldenG. B. R. Fielden
The use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination in the definition of a mechanical structure, machine or system to perform pre-specified functions with the maximum economy and efficiency.
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M. AsimowM. Asimow
A purposeful activity directed toward the goal of fulfilling human needs, particularly those which can be met by the technological factors of our culture.
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C. Ruiz and F. C. Ruiz and F. KoenigsbergerKoenigsberger
The complete intellectual process from the conception of an idea based on inspiration, knowledge and experience to its final technical and commercial realization.
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J. R. DixonJ. R. Dixon
Science-based problem solving with social-human awareness, ... a high level intellectual activity.
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R. E. ParrR. E. Parr
The creative part of Engineering.
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W. H. MiddendorfW. H. Middendorf
The activity wherein various techniques and scientific principles, are employed to make decisions regarding the selection of materials and the placement of these materials to form a system or device, which satisfies a set of specified and implied requirements.
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A. D. Deutschman et al.A. D. Deutschman et al.
The mechanism whereby a requirement is converted to a meaningful and functional plan. The formulation into a satisfactorily functioning device that satisfies the original need.
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J. B. ReswickJ. B. Reswick
The essential purpose of engineering.
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A B. Rosenstein and J. M. A B. Rosenstein and J. M. EnglishEnglish
An iterative decision making process for developing engineering system or devices whereby resources are optimally converted into desired ends.
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T. T. Woodson An iterative decision making activity to produce the plans by which resources are converted: preferably optimally, into systems or devices to meet human needs.
J. P. Vidosic The process that uses engineering tools-mathematics, graphics, language-and scientific principles to evolve a plan, which when fully carried out will satisfy a human need.
G. B. R. Fielden The use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination in the definition of a mechanical structure, machine or system to perform pre-specified functions with the maximum economy and efficiency.
M. Asimow A purposeful activity directed toward the goal of fulfilling human needs, particularly those which can be met by the technological factors of our culture.
C. Ruiz and F. Koenigsberger The complete intellectual process from the conception of an idea based on inspiration, knowledge and experience to its final technical and commercial realization.
J. R. Dixon Science-based problem solving with social-human awareness, ...a high level intellectual activity.
R. E. Parr The creative part of Engineering.
W. H. Middendorf The activity wherein various techniques and scientific principles, are employed to make decisions regarding the selection of materials and the placement of these materials to farm a system or device which satisfies a set of specified and implied requirements.
A. D. Deutschman et al. The mechanism whereby a requirement is converted to a meaningful and functional plan. The formulation into a satisfactorily functioning device that satisfies the original need.
J. B. Reswick The essential purpose of engineering.
A B. Rosenstein and J. M. English An iterative decision making process for developing engineering system or devices whereby resources are optimally converted into desired ends.
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TYPES of ENGINEERING DESIGNTYPES of ENGINEERING DESIGN
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Pahl and Beitz, 1988Pahl and Beitz, 1988
• Original design that involves elaborating an original solution principle for a system with the same task, a similar task or a new task. This may be the case of using a four-bar mechanism in the development of a walking machine.
• Adaptive design, which involves adapting a known solution principle to a changing task. Example: Design of a new gearbox, based on the known gear trains.
• Variant design, which involves varying the size and/or arrangement of certain aspects of the chosen system, while the function and solution of the system remain, unchanged. Example: Belt Conveyor design; Size of drum and belt width can be computed for a given loading with no change on the design configuration.
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Dieter, 1991Dieter, 1991
• One-of-a-kind design; Design of special purpose machines, Prototype machines,
• Design for mass production; Design of washing machine,
• Large, expensive system design; Design of a production line,
• Design to code; Shaft design, Boiler design.
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Ullman, 1992Ullman, 1992
• Selection design involves choosing one item from a list of similar items; Selection of bearing for a shaft.
• Configuration design in which all the components have been designed and the problem is how to assemble them into the complete product; Plant design, Conveyor layout design
• Parametric design involves finding values for the variables or parameters that characterize the object being studied; Conveyor design, Crane design.
• Original design is the development of a process, component or assembly not previously existing; Design of a machine with a specific purpose.
• Others (such as redesign, routine design)
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Duffey Duffey && Dixon,1990 Dixon,1990
• Functional design,
• Phenomenological design,
• Embodiment design,
• Attribute or configuration design,
• Parametric design.
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DEFINITIONS FOR DEFINITIONS FOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OR MACHINE DESIGNMACHINE DESIGN
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MMachine achine DDesignesign
... is described as a creative thinking, planning and synthesis supported by analyses in order to produce a machine or system that will accomplish a predefined physical work. Besides, having the properties of the general design concept, an important additional characteristic of the machine design therefore is that, the artifact to be designed should have a certain functionality in terms of physical work.
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Machine DesignMachine Design
... is defined as the transformation of parameters influencing a physical process into concrete machine components,
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R. C. JohnsonR. C. Johnson
The process of creating and selecting configurations, shapes, materials, and dimensions for something which is physical in nature.
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W. RodenackerW. Rodenacker
The transformation of the parameters influencing physical process into concrete machine components.
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P. OrlovP. Orlov• To abstain from blindly copying the existing prototypes and to
design meaningfully, selecting from the entire store of the design solutions offered by the present day mechanical engineering the ones that are most suitable under given conditions.
• To be able to combine various solutions and find new, better ones, i.e. display initiative and put vim in the work.
• To continually improve the machines characteristics and to contribute to the progress in the given branch of mechanical engineering.
• To follow the dynamic development of the industry and devise versatile machines of long life amenable to further modernization and capable of meeting the every growing demands of the national economy without running the risks of obsolescent for a long time to came.
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J. P. VidosicJ. P. Vidosic
• The formulation of a plan for a mechanism or device capable of transmitting forces and motions, and doing work or accomplishing a specific function that must be done to satisfy a human need as economically as possible.
• The formulation of plans to satisfy human needs using the disciplines-engineering, sciences, techniques, and other mental processes-that are studied by mechanical engineers.
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E. ParrE. Parr
The application of many of the principles of science and technology in the creation of a product and the consideration of the various factors that effect its production and use.
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MACHINE DESIGN =
MACHINE + ENGINEERING + DESIGN
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MACHINE DESIGN
MACHINE ENGINEERING DESIGN
MACHINE DESIGNMACHINE DESIGN
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Engineering Design and other Engineering Design and other
disciplines.disciplines.
Methods and Procedures
DESIRES Requirements, Needs, Problems
Politics
Sociology,Psychology
Economy
TOOLSMathematics
ScienceEngineering Science
Engineering Design
Engineering Technology
ProductionConstruction
REALITIES
Intuition, Creation
Industrial Design
Limitations
Architectural Design
Artistic Design
Art
CONCEPTS
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DESIRES; Requirements, Needs, Problems
Politics
Effective as design criteria, and design rulesLegal codes, Standards, Decisions regarding use of coal, or natural gas, Promotion of a industrial sector.
Sociology, Psychology
Traditions should be carefully analyzed by the designers. A slaughterhouse should be designed according to local religious factors.Social preferences cannot be overcome easily. Cooking kitchenware is an example.Design user is a human. His/her preferences amy be the same as the designer himself/herself.
Economy
Engineering design mainly deals to produce products to sell somebody else. Therefore economical conditions are of utmost importance that determine the demand on the particular product. It is not only demand to be considered, also the group of people who has developed this demand is also important.
CONCEPTS; Intuition, Creativity
Industrial DesignMore focused on the user preferences, and ergonomic design to some extend. They developed kind of empty shells wherein some machine components and machine elements are placed by the engineering designers.
Architectural design Aesthetic design criteria are more overwhelming.
Artistic DesignSatisfaction of the humans are more pronounced. Surface finish, selection of colors are examples.
Art Gives the basic rules like the color effect, etc.
TOOLS; Methods and Procedures
Engineering ScienceStatics, Dynamics, Strength of materials, Thermodynamics, Heat transfer, Fluid mechanics, Elasticity, Plasticity.
Science Physics, Chemistry,
Mathematics Calculus, Differential equations, Algorithms, Numerical analysis,
REALITIES; Limitations
Engineering Technology Machine elements, Manufacturing technology, quality control, reliability,
Production Production shop,
Eng
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Design activitiesDesign activities
Design activities include Creativity, Decision-making, Modeling.
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E n g i n e e r i n g C r e a t i v i t yE n g i n e e r i n g C r e a t i v i t y
TechnologyMarket
ConditionsProduction
Facility
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Engineering creativity is a process in which a set
of machine components is selected to perform a
predetermined function.
It is mainly a mental activity; assistance by
computer technology is suggested. Designer's
experience is also a determining factor.
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Engineering creativity is a process in which a set
of machine components is selected to perform a
predetermined function.
It is mainly a mental activity; assistance by
computer technology is suggested. Designer's
experience is also a determining factor.
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CreativityCreativity
Among the many factors which effect creativity in design are; designer’s experience, designer’s ability, economic factors, and designer’s own preference.
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A product should be designed to A product should be designed to function under all of the possible severe function under all of the possible severe
environmental conditions.environmental conditions.
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RememberRemember
The stage and level of industrialization of the society is a factor in design,
The social traditions cannot be overcome easily,
Sophistication and complexity of the design product is to be determined by the user,
Economical conditions, Geographical and climatic conditions.
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Limitations of DesignLimitations of Design
Design should not violate scientific rules,Design should be economical,Design should be compatible to psychology and
ergonomics,Design must satisfy requirements stated in
standards, laws, regulations,Level of education and capabilities of the user,Production facilities.
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Scientific Principles and Technology
Design Information
Product
WorkFeedback
Design Process Evaluation
Philosophy of DesignPhilosophy of Design
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to reach a perfect level ...to reach a perfect level ...
Level of Perfection
100 % Perfection
Time / EffortImprovement of Level of Design with Time / Effort
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Work hard,Work hard,Think soft...Think soft...
