Lectii de Engleza
147
Infinitiv Trecut P a r t i c i p i u t r e c u t T r a d u c e r e t o a b i d e a b o d e a b o d e a a s t e p t a , a s t a , a l
Transcript of Lectii de Engleza
InfinitivTrecut P
articipiu trecut
Traducere
to abide
abode
abode
a astepta, a sta, a locui
toarara
arise
ose
isen
se ridica
to awake
awoke
awoke
a se trezi
to be
was, were
been
a fi
to bear
bore
born
a se naste
to be
beat
beate
a bat
at
ne
to become
became
become
a deveni
to begin
began
begun
a icepe
to behold
beheld
beheld
a zari, a vedea
to bend
bent
bent
a idoi
tobebea
beseech
sought
sought
implora
to bear
bore
born
a se naste
to bet
bet
bet
a paria
to bid
bade
bidden
a oferi, a licita
tbba
o bind
ound
ound
lega
to bite
bit
bitten
a musca
to bleed
bled
bled
a sangera
to bless
blest
blest
a binecuvanta
to blow
blew
blown
a sufla
to break
broke
broken
a sparge
to breed
bred
bred
a creste
to bring
brought
brought
a aduce
to broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
a transmite prin rad
io
to burn
burnt (burned)
burnt (burned)
a arde
to burst
burst
burst
a izbucni
to buy
bought
bought
a cumpara
to can
could
been able
a putea,
to
a fi posibil
to cast
cast
cast
a arunca
to catch
caught
caught
a prinde
to choose
chose
chosen
a alege
to cl
cleft
cleft
a des
eave
pica
to cling
clung
clung
a se lipi
to come
came
come
a veni
to cost
cost
cost
a costa
to creep
crept
crept
a se tara
to c
cut
cut
a ta
ut
ia
to deal
dealt
dealt
a se ocupa, a trata afaceri
to dig
dug
dug
a sapa
to do
did
done
a face
to draw
drew
drawn
a desena
to dream
dreamt (dreamed)
dreamt (dreamed)
a visa
to drink
drank
drunk
a bea
to drive
drove
driven
a conduce m
asina
to dwell
dwelt
dwelt
a locui, a ramane, a insista
to eat
ate
eaten
a manca
tofefaa
fall
llllen
cadea
to feed
fed
fed
a hrani
to feel
felt
felt
a simti
to fight
fought
fought
a lupta
to find
found
found
a gasi
to fly
flew
flown
a zbur
a
to forbid
forbade
forbidden
a interzice
to forecast
forecast
forecast
a prevedea
to foresee
foresaw
foreseen
a prevedea
to foret
foretold
foretold
a prezic
ell
e
to forget
forgot
forgotten
a uita
to forgive
forgave
forgiven
a ierta
to forgo
forwent
forgone
a renunta la,
a da u
itarii
forsake
forsook
forsaken
a parasi
to freeze
froze
frozen
a igheta
to get
got
got
a primi
to give
gave
given
a da
to
wen
gon
a m
go
t e erge
to grind
ground
ground
a macina
to grow
grew
grown
a creste
to hang
hung (hanged)
hung (hanged)
a spanzura
to have
had
had
a avea
to hear
heard
heard
a auzi
to hide
hid
hidden
a ascunde
to hit
hit
hit
a lovi
to hold
held
held
a tine
to hurt
hurt
hurt
a rani
to k
kept
kept
a pa
eep
stra
to kneel
knelt
knelt
a igenunchia
to knit
knit
knit
a tricota
to know
knew
known
a sti, a cunoaste
to lay
laid
laid
a aseza
to lead
led
led
a conduce
to lean
leant
leant
a se sprijini de
to learn
learnt (le
learnt (le
a ivata
arned)
arned)
to leave
left
left
a lasa, a parasi
to lend
lent
lent
a împrumuta (cuiva)
tolelea
let
tt permite
to lie
lay
lain
a fi culcat
to light
lit
lit
a aprinde
to lose
lost
lost
a pierde
to mak
made
made
a face
e
to mean
meant
meant
a isemna
to meet
met
met
a italni
to misgive
misgave
misgiven
a inspira neicredere
to m
misl
misl
a in
islead
ed
ed
duce i eroare
to mistake
mistook
mistaken
a itelege gresit
to outdo
outdid
outdone
a itrece
to ov
overc
overc
a ivi
ercome
ame
ome
nge
to overdo
overdid
overdone
a face exces
to pay
paid
paid
a plati
to put
put
put
a pune
to read
read
read
a citi
torerea
rend
nt
nt
sfasia, a rupe
to ride
rode
ridden
a calari
to ring
rang
rung
a suna
to rise
rose
risen
a se ridica
trra
o run
anun
alerga
to say
said
said
a spune
to see
saw
seen
a vedea
to seek
sought
sought
a cauta
to sell
sold
sold
a vinde
to se
sent
sent
a tri
nd
mite
to set
set
set
a fixa, a regla
to sew
sewed
sewn (sewed)
a coase
to shake
shook
shaken
a scutura,
a clatina
to shave
shaved
shaven
a se barbieri
to shed
shed
shed
a varsa (lacrimi)
toshsha
shine
one
one
straluci
to shoe
shod
shod
a icalta,
a potcovi
to shoot
shot
shot
a împusca
to sh
showe
shown
a ara
ow
d ta
to shrink
shrank
shrunk
a se strange
to shut
shut
shut
a ichide
to sing
sang
sung
a canta
to sink
sank
sunk
a se scufund
a
to sit
sat
sat
a sta (pe scaun)
to slay
slew
slain
a ucide
to sleep
slept
slept
a dormi
to slide
slid
slid
a aluneca
to sling
slung
slung
a azvarli
to slit
slit
slit
a crapa,
a despica
to smell
smelt (smelled)
smelt (smelled)
a mirosi
to smite
smote
smitten
a lovi
to sow
sowed
sown
a semana
to speak
spoke
spoken
a vorbi
to speed
sped
sped
a accelera,
a gon
i
to spell
spelt (spelled)
spelt (spelled)
a pronunta litera cu litera
to spend
spent
spent
a petrece,
a ch
eltui
to spill
spilt
spilt
a varsa
to spin
spun
spun
a toarce,
a se roti
to spit
spat
spat
a scuipa
to split
split
split
a despica
to spoil
spoilt
spoilt
a strica
to spread
spread
spread
a itinde
to spring
sprang
sprung
a sari, a tasni
to stand
stood
stodd
a sta i picioare
to steal
stole
stolen
a fura
to stick
stuck
stuck
a ifige, a se lipi
to sting
stung
stung
a itepa
to stink
stank
stunk
a mirosi urat
to strike
struck
struck
a lovi
to string
strung
strung
a isira,
a
icorda
to strive
strove
striven
a se stradui
to swear
swore
sworn
a jura
to sweep
swept
swept
a matura
to swim
swam
swum
a inota
to swing
swung
swung
a se legana
to take
took
taken
a lua
to teach
taught
taught
a ivata, a preda
to tear
tore
torn
a rupe,
a sfasia
to tell
told
told
a spune
to think
thought
thought
a gandi, a crede
to throw
threw
thrown
a arunca
ttta
o thrust
hrust
hrust
îmbranci
to tread
trod
trodden
a calca
to underlie
underlay
underlain
a sustine
to understand
understood
understood
a itelge
to upset
upset
upset
a supara
to wake
woke
woken
a se trezi
to wear
wore
worn
a purta
to weave
wove
woven
a tese
to wet
wet
wet
a uda
twwa
o win
onon castiga
to wind
wound
wound
a se rasuci
to wring
wrung
wrung
a frange,
a smulge
to w
wrot
writ
a sc
rite
eten
rie
to deal dealt dealt a se ocupa, a trata afaceri
to dig dug dug a sapa
to do did done a face
to draw drew drawn a desena
to dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) a visa
to drink drank drunk a bea
to drive drove driven a conduce masina
to dwell dwelt dwelt a locui, a ramane, a
insista
to eat ate eaten a manca
to fall fell fallen a cadea
to feed fed fed a hrani
to feel felt felt a simti
to fight fought fought a lupta
to find found found a gasi
to fly flew flown a zbura
to forbid forbade forbidden a interzice
to forecast forecast forecast a prevedea
to foresee foresaw foreseen a prevedea
to foretell foretold foretold a prezice
to forget forgot forgotten a uita
to forgive forgave forgiven a ierta
to forgo forwent forgone a renunta la, a da uitarii
forsake forsook forsaken a parasi
to freeze froze frozen a igheta
to get got got a primi
to give gave given a da
to go went gone a merge
to grind ground ground a macina
to grow grew grown a creste
to hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) a spanzura
to have had had a avea
to hear heard heard a auzi
to hide hid hidden a ascunde
to hit hit hit a lovi
to hold held held a tine
to hurt hurt hurt a rani
to keep kept kept a pastra
to kneel knelt knelt a igenunchia
to knit knit knit a tricota
to know knew known a sti, a cunoaste
to lay laid laid a aseza
to lead led led a conduce
to lean leant leant a se sprijini de
to learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) a ivata
to leave left left a lasa, a parasi
to lend lent lent a împrumuta (cuiva)
to let let let a permite
to lie lay lain a fi culcat
to light lit lit a aprinde
to lose lost lost a pierde
to make made made a face
to mean meant meant a isemna
to meet met met a italni
to misgive misgave misgiven a inspira neicredere
to mislead misled misled a induce i eroare
to mistake mistook mistaken a itelege gresit
to outdo outdid outdone a itrece
to overcome overcame overcome a ivinge
to overdo overdid overdone a face exces
to pay paid paid a plati
to put put put a pune
to read read read a citi
to rend rent rent a sfasia, a rupe
to ride rode ridden a calari
to ring rang rung a suna
to rise rose risen a se ridica
to run ran run a alerga
to say said said a spune
to see saw seen a vedea
to seek sought sought a cauta
to sell sold sold a vinde
to send sent sent a trimite
to set set set a fixa, a regla
to sew sewed sewn (sewed) a coase
to shake shook shaken a scutura, a clatina
to shave shaved shaven a se barbieri
to shed shed shed a varsa (lacrimi)
to shine shone shone a straluci
to shoe shod shod a icalta, a potcovi
to shoot shot shot a împusca
to show showed shown a arata
to shrink shrank shrunk a se strange
to shut shut shut a ichide
to sing sang sung a canta
to sink sank sunk a se scufunda
to sit sat sat a sta (pe scaun)
to slay slew slain a ucide
to sleep slept slept a dormi
to slide slid slid a aluneca
to sling slung slung a azvarli
to slit slit slit a crapa, a despica
to smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled) a mirosi
to smite smote smitten a lovi
to sow sowed sown a semana
to speak spoke spoken a vorbi
to speed sped sped a accelera, a goni
to spell spelt (spelled) spelt (spelled) a pronunta litera cu litera
to spend spent spent a petrece, a cheltui
to spill spilt spilt a varsa
to spin spun spun a toarce, a se roti
to spit spat spat a scuipa
to split split split a despica
to spoil spoilt spoilt a strica
to spread spread spread a itinde
to spring sprang sprung a sari, a tasni
to stand stood stodd a sta i picioare
to steal stole stolen a fura
to stick stuck stuck a ifige, a se lipi
to sting stung stung a itepa
to stink stank stunk a mirosi urat
to strike struck struck a lovi
to string strung strung a isira, a icorda
to strive strove striven a se stradui
to swear swore sworn a jura
to sweep swept swept a matura
to swim swam swum a inota
to swing swung swung a se legana
to take took taken a lua
to teach taught taught a ivata, a preda
to tear tore torn a rupe, a sfasia
to tell told told a spune
to think thought thought a gandi, a crede
to throw threw thrown a arunca
to thrust thrust thrust a îmbranci
to tread trod trodden a calca
to underlie underlay underlain a sustine
to understand
understood understood a itelge
to upset upset upset a supara
to wake woke woken a se trezi
to wear wore worn a purta
to weave wove woven a tese
to wet wet wet a uda
to win won won a castiga
to wind wound wound a se rasuci
to wring wrung wrung a frange, a smulge
to write wrote written a scrie
Articolul Definitie: - reprezinta un determinant substantival care contribuie la realizarea intelesului unui substantiv intr-o propozitie.
Tipuri de articole:Articolul Hotarat - THEArticolul Nehotarat - A / ANArticolul zero (forma implicita sau neexprimata)
Articolul hotarat THE:Cand folosim articolul hotarat?
- Inaintea unui substantiv care a mai fost mentionat in textul respectiv:Exemplu: A man knocked at the door and a girl opened it. The man was her father.
- Inaintea substantivelor care sunt unice:Exemplu: the moon, the earth, the star, the sun, the air
- Inaintea numeralelor ordinale:Exemplu: the first, the second, the third, the twenty-first, the seventeenth
- In realizarea superlativului:Exemplu: the best year, the youngest girl, the most important, the fastest, the tallest
- Inaintea substantivelor care reprezinta nume de colectivitati si institutii:Exemplu: the army, the crowd, the government, the police, the parliament
- Inaintea unor nume proprii (nume de familie, muzee, teatre, ziare, hoteluri, etc):Exemplu: the Browns, the Johns, the National Theatre, the Marriott Grand Hotel, the New York Times, the Beatles
- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de locuri geografice, munti, fluvii, oceane, mari etc:Exemplu: the Alps, the Atlantic, the Thames, the Danube, the Red Sea, the Sahara
Articolul nehotarat A / ANUtilizam articolul nehotarat A:Inaintea substantivelor care incep cu o consoana:Exemple: a girl, a boy, a teacher, a family, a classroom
Utilizam articolul nehotarat AN:Inaintea substantivelor care incep cu o vocala (a, e, i, o, u):Exemple: an elephant, an apple, an interview, an onion, an action
Articolul nehotarat - exceptii:- Folosim articolul nehotarat AN inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "h", doar atunci cand este vorba despre un "h mut".Exemple: an hour, an honour
- Folosim articolul nehotarat A inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "u" sau grupul de litere "eu", doar atunci cand acestea se pronunta ca "you"Exemple: a European, a university, a unit
Cand folosim articolul nehotarat A/AN?- Inaintea unui substantiv concret nedeterminat si numarabil:Exemple: A boy entered into the classroom.The reporter took an interview.
- Inaintea unui substantiv concret cu functia de nume predicativ:Exemplu: She is a teacher. Ronnie is an elephant.
Articolul zeroNu folosim articol in urmatoarele situatii:- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume proprii la singular:Exemplu: Paul is going to the school.
- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de tari, orase si limba acestora:Exemple: France is a European country.You speak English fluently.Bucharest is the capital of Romania.
- In unele expresii invariabile:Exemplu: by car, at school, in church, by train
- Inaintea substantivelor abstracte, care indica nume de culori, stiinte, arte, materii etc:Exemplu: beauty, health, dinner, lunch, breakfast, truth, green, gold, silver, mathematics, physics
Exercitii1. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:
___ woman ___ unit ___ United States of America ___ Johnsons ___ elephant ___ beauty ___ hour ___ Thames
2. Completati propozitiile din textul de mai jos cu a/an:
a) ___ old woman laughed at him. b) ___ cat and ___ dog were in the kitchen. c) I saw ___ elephant at the zoo. d) It was ___ excellent movie. e) She watched ___ TV show
3. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:
Daniel is ___ teacher. He likes ___ Physics very much. He teaches at ___ Theoretical Highschool from ___ Bucharest. ___pupils like him very much. One day, he decided to take ___ children to see ___ laboratory from another highschool. There, they made ___ experiment. All ___ children considered ___ experiment ___ most interesting they have ever made.
Numeralul cardinal1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
.
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixt
100
200
1000
10000
ten
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
.
.
.
.
.
.
31
32
33
34
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
een
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty
ninety
one hundred
two hundred
one thousand
t
-one
twenty-two
twenty-three
twenty-four
.
.
.
.
.
en thousand
.
.
thirty-one
thirty-two
thirty-three
thirty-
four
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
153 one hundred and fifty-thre
e
198 one hundred and ninety-eight
203 two
hundred and three
405 four hundred and fift
y
1,000,000 one million
12,000,000 twelve
million
13,632,521 thirteen million six hundred thirty-two thousand five hundred and twenty-one
Atentie!
- se foloseste cratima intre numeralul zecilor si cel al unitatilorExemple: 21 twenty-one; 99 ninety-nine
- se pune virgula dupa fiecare grup care indica miileExemplu: 1,222,351
- mentionarea conjunctiei and este obligatorie inaintea grupului zecilor si unitatea finala
Exemplu: 2,532 - two thousand five hundred and thirty-two
- cifrele zecimale se citesc astfel:2.4832 - two point four eight three two
Numeralul ordinal
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th
firstsecondthird
fourthfifthsixth
seventheighthninthtenth
eleventhtwelvth
thirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenth
primulal doileaal treilea
.......
17th18th19th20th21st22nd23rd.......30th40th.......
100th1,000
1,000,000
seventeentheighteenthnineteenthtwentieth
twenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-third
.......thirtiethfortieth
.......hundredththousandthmillionth
Mod de formare:
- prin adaugarea terminatiei "th" la numeralul cardinal corespunzator
Exceptii:one --- first (1st)
two --- second (2nd)three --- third (3rd)
five si nine, la care se suprima -e final, fifth (5th) si ninth (9th)zecile la care -y final se transforma in -ie
forty --- fortieth (40th)
Alte numerale
Data: in Marea Britanie se foloseste intotdeauna forma unui numeral ordinal pentru a indica data.
Exemple:21st July (the twenty-first of July)
June 4th (the fourth of June)23 April, 1989 (the twenty-third of April nineteen eighty-nine)
December 29 (the twenty-ninth of December)
Fractii:1/2 se citeste one half
3/4 se citeste three quarters7/8 se citeste seven eights
Ora:ten to one (unu fara zece)
half past six (sase si jumatate)twelve and a quarter (douasprezece si un sfert)
a quarter to two (doua fara un sfert)
Exercitii:
1. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele cifre:123 - 1,450 - 58 - 33 - 1,024 - 985 - 24 - 48 -
2. Traduceti in limba engleza:a) Ziua mea de nastere este pe data de 22 mai.b) Am ajuns in Bucuresti pe data de 14 iunie.c) John este al patrulea elev din clasa.d) 4 Iulie este ziua nationala a Americii.e) Primul autobuz din parcare este al nostru.f) Sunt 14 elevi in aceasta clasa.
3. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele ore:10:45 - 11:25 - 12:40 - 13:30 - 14:05 -
PRONUMELE:
1. Pronumele personal a) cu functie de subiectb) cu functie de complement
a) Forma pronumelui personal cu functie de subiect:
I --- euYou --- tu, dumneata, dumneavoastraHe --- elShe --- eaIt --- el, ea (neutru), pentru nume de obiecte, lucruri, animaleWe --- noiYou --- voi, dumneavoastraThey --- ei, ele, dumnealor
Exemple: I am a big girl.He lives near the school.We like chocolate very much.Do you like football?
b) Forma pronumelui personal cu functie de complement:me- mie, imi, mi (complement indirect)- pe mine, ma, m (complement direct)
you- tie, iti, ti, dumitale, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)- pe tine, te, pe dumneata, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)
him- lui, ii, i (complement indirect)- pe el, il (complement direct)
her- ei, ii, i (complement indirect)- pe ea, o (complement direct)
it- lui, ei, ii, i (complement indirect)- pe el, il, pe ea, o (complement direct)
us- noua, ne, ni (complement indirect)- pe noi, ne (complement direct)
you- voua, va, vi, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)- pe voi, va, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)
them- lor, le, li (complement indirect)- pe ei, ii, i (complement direct)
Exemple:I watch my brother playing tennis.You gave me a nice gift.Give them a kiss from me! 2. Pronumele reflexive si de intarire myself --- ma, insumi, insamiyourself --- te, insuti, insatihimself --- se, insusiherself --- se, insesiitself --- se, insusi, insasi (neutru)ourselves --- ne, insine, inseneyourselves --- va, insiva, insevathemselves --- se, insisi, insesi
Exemple:I found myself very smart.We did ourselves all the exercises. 3. Pronumele demonstrativ this --- acesta, aceasta, asta, astathat --- acela, aceea, ala, aiathese --- acestea, acestia, astia, asteathose --- acelea, aceia, aia, alea
Exemple:This is my brother.Those are his parents. 4. Pronumele posesive mine --- al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale meleyours --- al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale
his --- al sau (a lui), a sa (a lui), ai sai (ai lui), ale sale (ale lui)hers --- al sau (a ei), a sa (a ei), ai sai (ai ei), ale sale (ale ei)its own --- al sau, a sa, ai sai, ale sale (neutru)ours --- al nostru, a noastra, ai nostri, ale noastreyours --- al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastretheir --- al lor, a lor, ai lor, ale lor
Exemple:My brother is tall, but yours is taller.His car is old, but hers is older.I lost my pencil, can you lend me yours? 5. Pronumele nehotarat some + body, one, thingany + body, one, thingno + body, one, thing
Exemple:I want something from you.She didn't find anything in the fridge.There was no one in the room. 6. Pronumele relativ who --- carewhom/who --- pe carewhose --- al (a, ai, ale) carui, careia, carorawhat --- ce, ceea cewhich --- care, pe care (pt. lucruri, obiecte ...)that --- care
Exemple:My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Bucharest.Tom, whose car was stolen, bought another one last week.I found a cat that was lost.I didn't like what I saw. 7. Pronumele interogativ who? --- cine?whom? who? --- pe cine?whose? --- al (a, ai, ale) cui?what? --- care?, pe care,ce?which? --- (pe) care dintre?
Exemple:Whom did you see last Sunday?Whose shoes are those?What are you doing?Which do you like more? Exercitii:
1. Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu forma corecta a pronumelui reflexiv:1) I enjoyed _______ at the party2) My father didn't buy the book for _______3) The dog cut _______ while running in the street.4) Help _______ with some fruit, John and Mary.5) We saw _______ in the snow.
2. Completati propozitiile de mai jos cu forma corecta a pronumelui posesiv:1) This is my cat. It is _______2) That is his lamp. It is _______3) These are our maps. They are _______4) Those are their shoes. They are _______5) This is her shirt. It is _______
3. Completati corect spatiile goale cu unul dintre pronumele din paranteze:1) I saw Mr. Thompson _______ is John's father. (that, who, which)2) _______ did you meet last week, John or Steve? (which, who, whose)3) Puffy, _______ is a big cat, is very lazy. (which, who, whose)4) _______ are you doing? (whom, what, that)5) _______ is going with you at the theatre? (who, that,whom)
VERBUL
Verbul "TO BE" - a fi
Forma afirmativa:I am (I'm) - Eu suntYou are (You're) - Tu estiHe is (He's) - El esteShe is (She's) - Ea esteIt is (It's) - El/Ea esteWe are (We're) - Noi suntemYou are (You're) - Voi suntetiThey are (They're) - Ei/Ele sunt
Forma interogativa:
Am I? - Sunt eu?Are you? - Esti tu?Is he? - Este el?Is she? - Este ea?Is it? - Este el/ea?Are we? - Suntem noi?Are you? - Sunteti voi?Are they? - Sunt ei/ele?
Forma negativa:
I am not (I'm not) - Eu nu suntYou are not (You aren't) - Tu nu estiHe is not (He isn't) - El nu esteShe is not (She isn't) - Ea nu esteIt is not (It isn't) - El/Ea nu esteWe are not (We aren't) - Noi nu suntemYou are not (You aren't) - Voi nu suntetiThey are not (They aren't) - Ei/Ele nu sunt
Verbul "TO HAVE" - a avea
Forma afirmativa:
I have (I've) - Eu amYou have (You've) - Tu aiHe has (He's) - El areShe has (She's) - Ea areIt has (It's) - El/Ea areWe have (We've) - Noi avemYou have (You've) - Voi avetiThey have (They've) - Ei/Ele au
Forma interogativa:
Have I? - Am eu?Have you? - Ai tu?Has he? - Are el?Has she? - Are ea?Has it? - Are el/ea?Have we? - Avem noi?Have you? - Aveti voi?Have they? - Au ei/ele?
Forma negativa:
I have not (I haven't) - Eu nu amYou have not (You haven't) - Tu nu aiHe has not (He hasn't) - El nu areShe has not (She hasn't) - Ea nu areIt has not (It hasn't) - El/Ea nu areWe have not (We haven't) - Noi nu avemYou have not (You haven't) - Voi nu avetiThey have not (They haven't) - Ei/Ele nu au
Verbul "TO DO" - a face
Forma afirmativa:
I do - Eu facYou do - Tu faciHe does - El faceShe does - Ea faceIt does - El/Ea faceWe do - Noi facemYou do - Voi faceti
They do - Ei/Ele fac
Forma interogativa:
Do I? - Fac eu?Do you? - Faci tu?Does he? - Face el?Does she? - Face ea?Does it? - Face el/ea?Do we? - Facem noi?Do you? - Faceti voi?Do they? - Fac ei/ele?
Forma negativa:
I do not (I don't) - Eu nu facYou do not (You don't) - Tu nu faciHe does not (He doesn't) - El nu faceShe does not (She doesn't) - Ea nu faceIt does not (It doesn't) - El/Ea nu faceWe do not (We don't) - Noi nu facemYou do not (You don't) - Voi nu facetiThey do not (They don't) - Ei/Ele nu fac
Exercitii: 1. Completati spatiile goale cu forma corecta a verbului TO BE:a) Forma afirmativa:I _______ in the classroom.He _______ in the garden.They _______ in the house
b) Forma negativa:You _______ in the office.She _______ in the bathroom.We _______ in the restaurant.
2. Traduceti in limba engleza:1. Eu am 12 ani.2. Tu esti in casa cu tatal tau.3. Noi avem 2 buchete de flori.4. Voi sunteti in clasa a patra.5 El are un mar si doua portocale.6. Ea este in curtea scolii cu prietena ei.
3. Completati spatiile goale cu forma interogativa a verbului TO BE:
1. _______ you a good friend?2. _______ he your father?3. _______ they your colleagues?4. _______ she in the living room?5. _______ we in the courtyard?
Substantivul:
A. Tipuri de substantive 1. Substantive comune2. Substantive proprii
1. Substantivele comune desemneaza fiinte (oameni si animale) si obiecte / lucruri.
Exemple:- fiinte: man, woman, grandmother, teacher, brother, pupil, doctor, nurse- obiecte (lucruri): pencil, school, car, hotel, medicine, shop, power, health
2. Substantivele proprii desemneaza nume de familie si prenume, nume de munti, orase, tari, ape etc.
Exemple:- nume de familie si prenume: Ewing, Brown, Sawyer, John, Mary, Helen- nume de munti: Alps, Himalaya, Everest- nume de orase: Bucharest, Paris, Venice- nume de tari: France, Italy, Croatia- nume de ape: Mississippi, Danube, Thames
B. Genul substantivelor1. Genul masculin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal he)
Exemple: man, doctor, driver, father, boy
2. Genul feminin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal she)
Exemple: woman, mother, girl, actress, sister.
3. Genul neutru (nume de lucruri, obiecte si animale; se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal it)
Exemple: cat, dog, pencil, butterfly, car, notebook. C. Numarul substantivelor Substantivele pot fi la singular sau la plural.
Formarea pluralului:a) pluralul cu "-s"
Exemple:a dog ---> two dogsa school ---> two schoolsa car ---> two carsa book ---> two books
b) pluralul cu "-es" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh)
Exemple:a bus ---> two busesa fax ---> two faxesa church ---> two churches
Atentie:a tomato ---> two tomatoesa potato ---> two potatoes
darradio ---> radiosphoto ---> photos
c) pluralul cu "-ies" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -y)
Exemple:lady ---> ladiesbaby ---> babiesfly ---> flies
dar:day ---> daysboy ---> boys
Reguli:- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o consoana, pluralul se va face in -ies
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o vocala, pluralul se va face in -s
d) pluralul cu "-ves" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -f sau -fe)
Exemple:leaf ---> leavescalf ---> calvesshelf ---> shelveswife ---> wiveswolf ---> wolves
Exceptii:chief ---> chiefsproof ---> proofsbelief ---> beliefs
e) pluralele neregulate
Exemple:child ---> childrenman ---> menwoman ---> womenfoot ---> feetgoose ---> geesemouse ---> micetooth ---> teeth
f) substantive invariabile care nu primesc "-s"
Exemple:deer (cerb)duck (rata)sheep (oaie)trout (pastrav)fish (peste)fruit (fructe)
g) substantivele cu sens colectiv care nu au forma de plural
Exemple:advice (sfat)baggage (bagaj)luggage (bagaje)information (informatii)furniture (mobila)
people (oameni)crowd (multime)police (politie)
h) pluralul substantivelor proprii
Exemple:the Brownsthe Johnsonsthe Thompsons D. Substantive compuse Exemple:classroomschoolboyschoolgirlblackboarddining-roombreakfast
Exercitii: 1. Alcatuiti pluralul urmatoarelor substantive:
table --->clock --->leaf --->gentleman --->baby --->tooth --->friend --->city --->life --->chief --->
2. Inlocuiti substantivele urmatoare cu pronumele personal potrivit:
the girl ---the dog ---the actor ---the schoolboy ---the pencil ---the grandmother ---
3. Alcatuiti cat mai multe substantive compuse cu ajutorul urmatoarelor cuvinte:
dining, bird, school, class, kinder, mate, room, boy, father, black, book, girl, board, living, garden, note, exercise, parents, grand.
ADJECTIVUL:Adjectivele in limba engleza au urmatoarele caracteristici:a) nu variaza dupa gen si numarb) se aseaza inaintea substantivelor
Exemplu:a good cake ---> good cakes
A. Tipuri de adjective
• opinio
n adjectives (adjective de opinie): descriu ce
ea ce credem despre cineva sau ceva.
Exemple:
beautiful, great, nice, expensive, cheap, ugly etc.
• fact adjectives (adjective de fapt): descri
u ceea ce fiintele sau obiectele determinate s
unt cu adevarat
Exemple: short, large, long, gre
en, round etc.
! Adjectivele de opinie stau ina
intea adjectivelor de fapt
B. Adjectivul demons
trativ
Desemneaza fiinte sau lucruri pe care l
e aratam precizand in acelasi timp apropierea
sau departarea in timp sau spatiu.
Forme:
• si
ngular:
- this (acest, aceasta)
- that (acel, ac
ea)
• plural:
- these (acesti, aceste)
- those
(acei, acele)
Exemple:This man is a doctor.That girl is a pupil.These children are small.Those boys are playing in the scoolyard.
C. Adjectivul posesiv
Desemneaza raportul de posesie dintre un posesor si ceea ce acesta poseda:
Forme:• singular: - my (meu, mea, mei, mele)- your (tau, ta, tai, tale)- his (lui, sau, sa, sai, sale)- her (ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)- its (lui, ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)
• plural:- our (nostru, noastra, nostri, noastre)- your (vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre)- their (lor)
Exemple:This is my house.It is his car.That is our shop.Those are your books.
D. Comparativul adjectivelor
a) Comparativul de egalitate / inferioritate:"as ... as" (tot atat de / la fel de)"not as ... as" (nu atat de / nu la fel de)"not so ... as" (nu atat de / nu la fel de)
Exemple:She is as pretty as her mother.He is not as tall as his brother.
b) Comparativ de superioritate:- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-er" la finalul adjectivului respectiv- pentru adjective lungi, acestea sunt precedate de adverbul "more"
Exemple:tall ---> taller(inalt ---> mai inalt)slim ---> slimmer(slab ---> mai slab)fast ---> faster(rapid ---> mai rapid)big ---> bigger(man ---> mai mare)
beautiful ---> more beautiful(frumos ---> mai frumos)interesting ---> more interestinginteresant ---> mai interesantdifficult ---> more difficultdificil ---> mai dificil
E. Superlativul adjectivelor
- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-est" la adjectivul precedat de "the"
- pentru adjective lungi, acestea vor fi precedate de "the most"
Exemple:the tallest (cel mai inalt)the slimmest (cel mai slab)the fastest (cel mai rapid)the biggest (cel mai mare)
the most beautiful (cel mai frumos)the most interesting (cel mai interesant)the most difficult (cel mai dificil)
F. Comparative si superlative neregulatebadgoodfarmuchold
worsebetterfarther (further)moreolder (elder)
the worstthe bestthe farthest (the furthest)the mostthe oldest (the eldest)
raubunindepartatmultbatran
Exercitii:
1. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:a) Aceasta masina este rosie.b) Acele fete sunt in clasa intai.c) Acei barbati sunt doctori.d) Aceasta este clasa mea.e) Acela este cainele ei.f) Acestea sunt caietele noastre.
2. Completati spatiile libere de mai jos, cu forma corecta a adjectivelor, la gradul de comparatie indicat:
Adjectivbadfastgoodcheapbeautifulthinfat
Comparativworsefasterbetter....................................thinner..................
Superlativ......................................................the cheapestthe most beautiful..................the fattest
3. Potriviti adjectivele la substantivele respective:
cold
nice
beautiful
long
delicious
traditional
blouse
hair
weather
girl
dance
food
Adverbe
A. Adverbe de mod - arata modul in care se petrece o actiune
Mod de formare:- de obicei, aceste adverbe se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ly la finalul unui adjective.
Exemple: beautiful ---> beautifullysad ---> sadlycapable ---> capablyslow ---> slowly
easy ---> easily B. Adverbe de loc - arata locul in care se petrece o actiune
Exemple:here, there, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, outside, inside C. Adverbe de timp - arata timpul in care se petrece o actiune
Exemple: today, yesterday, tomorrow, Saturday, Monday, now, finally, later, soon, just, still D. Adverbe de durata - arata perioada de timp a unei actiuni
Exemple: forever, shortly, long, permanently E. Adverbe de comparatie - arata gradul de intensitate al unei actiuni
Exemple: extremely, greatly, hugely, partially, perfectly, strongly, totally, almost, very, entirely F. Adverbe de frecventa - arata gradul de repetabilitate al unei actiuni
Exemple: always, constantly, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, never G. Adverbe de probabilitate - arata gradul de probabilitate a unei actiuni
Exemple: certainly, perhaps, maybe, possibly, definitely Exercitii: 1. Cunoscand urmatoarele procente corespunzatoare adverbelor de frecventa, realizati propozitiile de mai jos, conform modelului.never ---> 0%rarely ---> 10%sometimes ---> 25%often ---> 50%usually ---> 75%always ---> 100%
Exemplu:Sam / have / shower / evening (75%)Sam usually has shower in the evening.
a) I / eat / cake / afternoon. (25%)b) Tim / sleep / living - room (50%)c) I / go / school / Sunday (0%)d) Dennis / play / tennis / weekends (100%)e) She / run / park / morning (10%)
2. Transformati urmatoarele adjective in adverbe:horrible --->careful --->nervous --->desperate --->slow --->sudden --->bright --->proud --->
3. Subliniati termenul corect din urmatoarele propozitii:a) Denisa was wearing a pretty / prettily dress at the wedding.b) I had a terrible / terribly dream last night.c) Final / Finally, she passed the exam.d) She was walking rapid / rapidly.e) Sam is fluent / fluently in French.f) Was your grammar test easy / easily?g) They were talking loud / loudly so everybody could hear them.
4) Alegeti varianta corecta:1. Please don't talk so .................... . I'm trying to sleep.a) louder; b) loudest; c) loudly2. We .................... go on picnics on weekends. We love fresh air.a) never; b) usually; c) seldom3. The bouquet was .................... . She loved it.a) beautiful; b) beautifully; c) ugly.4. James .................... put the broken glass into the rubbish bin.a) careful; b) more carefully; c) carefully
Prepozitia
A. Prepozitii de miscare - arata miscarea
Exemple:to, through, across
to - utilizam "to" pentru a arata deplasarea catre o destinatie anume.
Exemplu:I went to Chicago two years ago.
through - utilizam "through" pentru a sugera deplasarea dintr-o parte in alta a unui spatiu inchis.
Exemplu:The cars went through the tunnel.
across - utilizam "across" pentru a sugera miscarea dintr-o parte in alta a unei suprafete.
Exemplu:She flew across the sea.
Alte prepozitii de miscare:along, down, over, off, round, into B. Prepozitii de loc - arata locul in care se situeaza obiectele definite
Exemple:at, on, in
at - folosim "at" pentru a arata un anumit loc sau o anumita pozitie.
Exemplu:Someone is at the door.
on - folosim "on" pentru a arata pozitia pe o suprafata verticala sau orizontala.
Exemplu:The dog is on the roof.
in - folosim "in" pentru a arata ca un anumit obiect este imprejmuit sau inchis.
Exemplu:The parrot is in the cage.
Alte prepozitii de loc:after, among, behind, between, in front of, next to, beside, by, over, above, under, below. C. Prepozitii de timp - pentru a specifica timpul unei actiuni
Exemple:at, on, in
at - pentru a arata timpul exact.
Exemplu:She left at 7.00 a.m.
on - pentru anumite date sau zile
Exemple:She arrived on Monday.Her birthday is on 23rd of October.
in - pentru o perioada de timp nespecificata, necunoscuta din timpul unui an, zi, luna, anotimp.
Exemple:It is very cold in Winter.I left Romania in 1989.
Alte prepozitii de timp:after, by, since, during, for, throughout Exercitii: 1. Completati cu prepozitia corecta:of, on, at, to, with, in, for, along
1) His t-shirt has a picture ______ it.2) The queen ______ England wanted to wear golden dress at her wedding.3) I went ______ Brussels last week.4) She spent the afternoon ______ her friends.5) We walked ______ the banks of River Seine.6) She's been waiting ______ me for about four hours.7) What's the weather like ______ Paris?8) She was ______ the cinema last evening.
2. Traduceti in limba engleza:
1) Mihaela a plecat la munte la ora 8 dimineata.2) Statuia este in fata stadionului.3) In spatele operei se afla un hotel.4) Trenul a trecut prin tunel foarte rapid.5) Lui Philip ii place sa zboare deasupra oceanului.
3. Completati spatiile libere cu prepozitia corecta:in, on, at, to
1) They live ____ Dubai.2) We are staying ____ a nice hotel.
3) Philip always plays tennis ____ the afternoon.4) They where very close ____ their cat.5) We got ____ the first train to Sibiu.6) Romania is ____ Europe.7) You are going ____ a city tour tomorrow.
PREZENTUL SIMPLU
A. Mod de formare Afirmativ:Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv(la persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia „-s" sau „-es")
Exemple:1. I go to school every day. 2. He reads a book every month. 3. She lives in Bucharest.
Interogativ:Do / Does (pers.III, sg.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv
Exemple:1. Do you go to school every day? 2. Does he read a book every month? 3. Does she live in Bucharest?
Negativ:Subiect + do / does (pers.III, sg.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv Se folosesc adesea contractiile don't (do + not) si doesn't (does + not)
Exemple:1. I don't go to school every day. 2. He doesn't read a book every month. 3. She doesn't live in Bucharest. B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a singular ! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-s" la persoana a III-a singular la afirmativ
Exemple: I talk – He talks I work – He works I sleep – He sleeps
! Verbelelor care se termina in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o li se adauga terminatia „-es"
Exemple: I kiss – He kisses I wish – He wishes I catch – He catches I mix – He mixes I go – He goes
! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o consoana, se inlocuieste litera y cu litera i, iar apoi se adauga terminatia „-es"
Exemple: I fly – He fliesI study – He studiesI cry – He cries
! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o vocala, se adauga terminatia „-s"
Exemple: I pay – He paysI stay – He stays I play – He plays C. Folosim Prezentul Simplu pentru: • activitati zilnice, saptamanale, lunare, anuale Exemple: I go to the mountains every month. We have breakfast at 7.30 every morning.
• obiceiuri, hobby-uri Exemple: She plays tennis in her free time. In the summer, they go to the seaside.
• situatii permanente Exemplu: He lives in Paris. I work as a manager.
• a exprima actiuni care respecta un anumit program Exemple: The bus for Bucharest lives at 12.15 on Monday. I have Maths Friday at 11.30.
• situatii emotionale Exemple: I love my girlfriend very much. He hates cats.
• adevaruri generale Exemple:The earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100°C. D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Simplu: every day/ week/ month/ year etc., every morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night, usually, always, sometimes, often, never, in the morning/evening/night etc.
Exemple:1. He goes to the gim every day. 2. I play football every week. 3. We go to the dentist every year.4. She watches TV every evening. 5. She usually studies hard for her exams. 6. I always do my homework. 7. He sometimes goes shopping. 8. I often play pool with my friends.
9. She never go to school by bus.10. In the evening we play Monopoly. Exercitii: 1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular. Consultati mai intai exemplul:Exemplu:They live in Craiova. (He) He lives in Craiova, too.
1. I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary) 2. We usually play in the park. (John) 3. They like their jobs very much. (He) 4. I want a new car. (She) 5. You wake up at 7 o'oclock. (Paul) 6. You always wash the dishes. (Angela) 7. We watch TV every afternoon. (Tom) 8. I go to school by bus. (My brother) 9. You cook every Saturday. (My mother) 10. We study hard for our exams. (Mark)
2. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii: Exemplu:You like swimming. Do you like swimming?
1. He lives in Bucharest. 2. You wear an uniform at school. 3. My father drives very well. 4. Mr. Smith teaches English. 5. You like pizza and hamburgers. 6. My neighbour works as an engineer. 7. Your father repairs the car every month. 8. We drink coffee every morning. 9. Mary pays her bills every month. 10. He goes to bed very early every evening.
3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din paranteze, la fel ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:I like Maths. (Physics) I like Maths, but I don't like Physics
1. Mary writes postcards. (letters) 2. I go to the cinema. (theatre) 3. They read newspapers. (books) 4. You study French. (English)
5. Mr. Brown works in an office. (at home) 6. I like football. (rugby) 7. He drives a car. (a lorry) 8. Dan and John travel by train. (plane) 9. We drink tea. (coffee) 10. She plays chess every day. (tennis)
4. Formulati propozitii folosind conjunctia but: Exemple:I watch TV every evening. (John) I watch TV every evening, but John doesn't. He doesn't speak French. (they) He doesn't speak French, but they do.
1. Julia washes the dishes. (I) 2. He doesn't want to go to the seaside. (his girlfriend) 3. I go to the cinema every week. (they) 4. She doesn't swim. (her sister) 5. We have breakfast early in the morning. (Paul) 6. I don't play football. (my best friend) 7. Me and my brother play on the computer. (Michael) 8. John doesn't read the newspaper every day. (we) 9. My mother likes to go shopping. (I) 10. You don't travel by plane. (she)
5. Adauga propozitiilor de mai jos adverbele din paranteze: Exemplu:I have lunch at 12 o'clock. (always) I always have lunch at 12 o'clock.
1. My sister gets up at 10 o'clock. (usually) 2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes) 3. I go out with a stranger. (never) 4. She listens to music in the evening. (always) 5. He goes to school by bus. (often) 6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never) 7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always) 10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)
PREZENTUL CONTINUU:
A. Mod de formare Afirmativ:Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:1. I'm writing an article now.2. They are playing football.3. She is having lunch at this moment.
Interogativ:
To be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:1. Am I writing an article now?2. Are they playing football?3. Is she having lunch at this moment?
Negativ:Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + not + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing" Se folosesc adesea contractiile isn't (is + not) si aren't (are + not)
Exemple:1. I'm not writing an article now. 2. They aren't playing football. 3. She isn't having lunch at this moment B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a singular ! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-ing" fara nici o modificare:
Exemple:play – playingtry – tryingdrink – drinkingsing - singinggo - goingdraw - drawingcook - cookinglearn - learningsend - sendingwash - washing
! La verbele care se termina in litera e precedata de o consoana, se renunta la litera e si se adauga terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:make – makingcome – comingleave – leaving
! La verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba (monosilabice) care se termina intr-o consoana precedata de o vocala, se dubleaza consoana si apoi se adauga terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:get – getting sit – sittinghit – hitting C. Folosim Prezentul Continuu pentru: • activitati care se petrec in momentul vorbirii Exemple: She is watching TV now.Mother is washing the dishes at this moment.
• actiuni care se desfasoara pe o perioada mai mare de timp, incluzand si momentul vorbirii Exemple: John is studying Maths for his exam.My brother is writing a book.
• a vorbi despre o intalnire sau despre un aranjament din viitorul apropiat Exemple: He is flying to New York next week.I'm meeting Susan next Sunday. D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Continuu: now, at this moment, these days, this week, today, tonight etc.
Exemple:1. Paul is repairing his car now.2. I'm having lunch at this moment.3. He is working hard for a project these days.4. They are going to the basketball game this week.5. I'm writing a letter today.6. I'm watching TV tonight. Exercitii: 1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Prezentul Continuu:Exemplu:Diana (play) with Tim now.Diana is playing with Tim now.
1. Everybody (wear) blue T-shirts today.2. I (listen) to classic music at this moment.3. What (do) mother in the kitchen?4. We (organize) a study trip this week.5. Our colleagues (plan) a surprise party for John's birthday these days.6. I (meet) with my best friend at the cinema tonight.7. My father (work) in the garage now.8. This week, you (go) to the theatre with your geography teacher.9. At this moment, in Bucharest, it (rain).
10. My friends (travel) to Egypt this week.
2. Corectati afirmatiile false ca in exemplul urmator:Exemplu:Jim is playing basketball. (watch TV)No, Jim is not playing basketball. Jim is watching TV.
1. Mother is cooking at this moment. (iron)2. My brother is learning English now. (study French)3. All my colleagues are working hard for their final exams these days. (plan their holiday)4. The cat is climbing the tree now. (eat a mouse)5. I am taking some photos for my album. (read a book)6. You are drinking Coke Cola now. (drink a coffee)7. Joana is swimming in the pool. (play voleyball on the beach)8. I am making an apple-pie now. (do my homeworks)9. It is raining today. (snow)10. We are riding by bycicle to school. (go by bus)
3. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:Exemplu:I am having lunch at this moment.Am I having lunch at this moment?
1. We are playing cards.2. Mother is washing dishes.3. My brother is reading a newspaper.4. We are serving breakfast.5. They are decorating the Christmas tree.6. My family is planning a trip to Maldive Islands these days.7. Father is sleeping in the bedroom.8. You are watching a horror movie.9. Your sister is doing her homeworks.10. I am sending a postcard in France now.
4. Alegeti varianta corecta la Prezentul Continuu:
1. We ............... basketball in the schoolyard.a) play; b) prepare; c) ski2. They ............... a movie in the dining-room.a) watch; b) play; c) eat3. My friends and I ............... some flowers in the garden.a) read; b) water; c) travel4. I ............... my homeworks at Maths.a) do; b) make; c) give5. You ............... a novel to your little brother.
a) read; b) create; c) put6. The poet ............... a poem about love at this moment.a) create; b) give; c) look7. I ............... after my lost cat.a) look; b) search; c) spend8. ........ we ............... to the cinema tonight?a) go; b) watch; c) eat9. The sun ............... brightly.a) show; b) shine; c) rain10. My friends ............... on a picnic without me.a) go; b) play; c) read
5. Corectati forma gresita a verbului:
1. I am makeing an apple-pie.2. Mary is comeing from Italy today.3. We are siting in the living-room.4. He is geting off the bus at the first station.5. My brother isn't writeing poems.6. You aren't plaing with kids.7. They are leaveing Bucharest tomorrow evening.8. He is comeing tonight to see me.9. She is haveing lunch at this moment.10. Are you flyng to New York next week?
TRECUTUL SIMPLU
A. Mod de formare Afirmativ:Subiect + Vb.II (terminatia "-ed" pentru verbele regulate)
Exemple:1. I wrote a book last year.2. He went to a football game last week.3. We played in the park yesterday.
Interogativ:Did + Subiect + Vb.I?
Exemple:1. Did you write a book last year?2. Did he go to a football game last week?3. Did you play in the park yesterday?
Negativ:Subiect + didn't + Vb.I
Exemple:1. I didn't write a book last year. 2. He didn't go to a football game last week. 3. We didn't play in the park yesterday. B. Folosim Trecutul Simplu pentru: • activitati terminate care s-au petrecut in trecutExemple:She was in France 2 years ago.We bought a new washing machine 2 weeks ago.
• actiuni incheiate care s-au petrecut la un moment determinat in trecutExemple: They were in England in 1981.I left Bucharest in april 1994. C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Trecutul Simplu: yesterday, at this time yesterday, 2 days ago, 2 months ago, last year, last week, the day before yesterday
Exemple:1. Diana went in Belgium 3 years ago.2. I was having lunch at this time yesterday.3. They played football 2 hours ago.4. Paul taught English and French 3 months ago.5. She left town the day before yesterday. Exercitii: 1. Scrieti forma corecta a verbului din paranteza la Trecutul Simplu:
1. I (watch) a horror movie yesterday evening.2. Mary (play) in the garden with her dog yesterday morning.3. Two days ago, John (go) with his mother at the doctor. 4. Mary (talk) a lot during the French lesson.5. My mother (wash) many clothes yesterday evening.
6. I (do not enjoy) the movie from last night.7. I (solve) the Math problem very quickly.8. I (prepare) my luggage yesterday.9. I (be) at school when you called me.10. When you were young, you (live) in the countryside.
2. Folositi cuvintele din paranteze pentru a realiza propozitii negative precum in exemplu:Exemplu:Mary liked the apple pie. (the soup) Mary liked the apple pie, but she didn't like the soup.
1. I played in the schoolyard. (in the garden) 2. My friend went to the mountain. (to the seaside) 3. I travelled abroad 2 days ago. (1 month ago) 4. Yesterday I visited Mr. Peterson. (Mrs Smith) 5. During lunch, I listened a football game on the radio. (music) 6. You called me at 10 o'clock a.m. (12 o'clock) 7. I arrived at home early in the morning. (in the afternoon) 8. You received a computer on your birthday. (a car) 9. It rained 2 days ago. (last week) 10. Mike repaired his car. (bicycle)
3. Treceti la Trecutul Simplu verbele neregulate de mai jos, precum in exemplu:Exemplu:I leave school at 2 o'clock yesterday.I left school at 2 o'clock yesterday.
1. I eat a delicious soup at the restaurant 2 days ago.2. My family buy a new car 3 months ago.3. I read a very interesting novel yesterday evening.4. Mary speak with her English teacher last week, about her exams.5. Last Monday, John write to his mother a letter.6. Last winter, I make a beautiful snowman in front of the house.7. You give your sister a necklace for her birthday.8. Last year, Tim become a doctor.9. Mrs. Thompson teach Spanish and English every Monday and Wednesday.10. Father come from the office late at noon.
4. Treceti urmatoarele verbe la Trecutul Simplu:Exemple:I seeI saw
I watch I watched
1. I sleep2. He plays3. He run4. You speak 5. They don't read 6. He doesn't feel 7. I meet 8.He catches 9. You wake up10. They leave
5. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform precizarilor din paranteze (vezi exemplu) Exemplu:When did she leave Bucharest? (2 years ago)She left Bucharest 2 years ago.
1. Where did you sleep last night? (at Cathy's) 2. When did you read this book? (3 weeks ago) 3. When did you find out about Susan's problems? (last Monday)4. Where did you meet your friends? (in the park) 5. When did she study French (2 years ago) 6. Where did he work last year (in a bank) 7. When did they divorce? (4 years ago) 8. How did she die? (in a train accident) 9. Who was Mihai Eminescu? (a Romanian poet) 10. When was he born? (in 1973)
TRECUTUL CONTINUU: A. Mod de formare Afirmativ:Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:1. I was learning a poem at this time yesterday.2. You were watering the flowers at this time yesterday.3.They were mending the radio at this time yesterday.
Interogativ:
Was (pers.I/III sg) / Were (restul pers.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:1. Was I learning a poem at this time yesterday?2. Were you watering the flowers at this time yesterday?3. Were they mending the radio at this time yesterday?
Negativ:Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing" Se folosesc adesea contractiile wasn't (was + not) si weren't (were + not)
Exemple:1. I wasn't learning a poem at this time yesterday.2. You weren't watering the flowers at this time yesterday.3.They weren't mending the radio at this time yesterday. B. Folosim Trecutul Continuu pentru: • a exprima o actiune in desfasurare ce a avut loc in trecutExemple: She was playing in her room at this time yesterday.They were listening music at this time last Saturday.
• a exprima o actiune repetata de-a lungul unei perioade de timp Exemple: Did she ask any questions?Oh, she was asking questions all the time.Did he buy any sweets?.Oh, he was buying sweets all the time. C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Trecutul Continuu: at this time yesterday, from ... to ..., all day, for ...
Exemple:1. Tom was typing some letters at this time yesterday .2. She was playing quitar from 6 to 8 o'clock.3. They were laughing all day.4. She was living in an old building for 6 years. Exercitii: 1. Spune ce facea fiecare pe vremea aceasta, martea trecuta:Exemplu:Father was in the living-room. (watch) Father was watching TV.
1. My mother was in the kitchen. (cook) 2. Daniel was in the garden. (water flowers)3. Grandma was in the bedroom. (sleep) 4. Their friends were at the disco. (dance) 5. Aunt Mary and uncle John were in the garage. (repair car)
2. Ieri dimineata, toti elevii din clasa a sasea erau in clasa si se pregateau pentru testul de la matematica. Spune ce facea fiecare cand a intrat profesorul. Exemplu:Ana and Mary / clean the blackboard. Ana and Mary were cleaning the blackboard.
1. Christian / talk to his deskmate. 2. Victor / repeat some geometry formulas.3. Diana and Helen / look at some exercises. 4. George / read the math lesson. 5. Andreea / write her homework.
3. Treceti verbele la Trecutul Continuu:Exemplu:We are reading Shakespeare now.We were reading Shakespeare at this time yesterday, too.
1. Father is fixing the car in the garage.2. Timothy is painting the wall now.3. Granpa and Grandma are watching a movie now.4. Students are learning new Spanish words now.5. The boys are trying to fix a bicycle now.
4. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu:Exemplu:She (sing) for 2 hours yesterday.She was singing for 2 hours yesterday.
1. Tom (practice) in the language lab from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. yesterday.2. Mother (cook) all day yesterday.3. My friends (watch) TV for 6 hours yesterday.4. Pupils (study) Spanish from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m..5. From 3 to 5 I (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
5. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu. Aceste verbe exprima o actiune trecuta care a avut loc o perioada mai lunga de timp.Exemplu:I (work) in a restaurant in the centre of the city.I was working in a restaurant in the centre of the city.
1. I (live) in an old building.2. Mother (visit) me twice a week.3. I (share) my room with 2 girls.4. I (work) on Saturdays twice a month.5. I had a very good friend, Tom, and he (work) in the same restaurant with me.
PREZENTUL PERFECT SIMPLU:
A. Mod de formare Afirmativ:Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la forma a III-a
Exemple:1. I have washed her blouse.2. He has written his homework.3. We have learnt our English lesson.
Interogativ:Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + vb. la forma a III-a
Exemple:1. Have I washed her blouse?2. Has he written his homework?3. Have we learnt our English lesson?
Negativ:Subiect + have/has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la forma a III-aSe folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)
Exemple:1. I haven't washed her blouse.2. He hasn't written his homework.3. We haven't learnt our English lesson. B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Simplu pentru: • a exprima o actiune incheiata de curand, dar nu se cunoaste cu exactitate momentul incheierii acesteiaExemple: I have cooked a delicious steak.They have finished their homeworks.
• a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent; efectele actiunii se resimt si in prezentExemple: I have lived here since 1994.We have started classes for 3 hours. C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Perfect Simplu: already, just, yetExemple:1. He has already finished his classes.2. Tom has just spoken on the phone with Mary.3. They haven't written the exercise yet.
never, ever, oftenExemple:1. I have never heard such a thing.2. Have you ever read this news?3. I have often travelled by car to the countryside.
ever and beforeExemplu:
Have you ever heard this song before?
for and sinceExemple:1. I've had my own car for four years.2. She has been ill since yesterday.
until now, so far, up to nowExemple:1. I haven't had any Math problems up to now.2. So far, he hasn't complained about his wage.3. Until now, I haven't heard about this English singer. Exercitii: 1. Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:Tom .......... (write) .......... his homework.Tom has just written his homework.
1. I .......... (fix) .......... my car.2. Father .......... (leave) .......... home.3. They .......... (arrive) .......... to the theatre.4. We .......... (see) .......... our Math teacher.5. He .......... (begin) .......... to cry.
2. Construieste propozitii la timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, cu ajutorul expresiilor din paranteza, ca in exemplele de mai jos:Exemple:I .......... arrive .......... home. (just)I have just arrived home.He .......... paint .......... this picture. (never)He has never painted this picture.They .......... do .......... their homeworks. (yet)They haven't done their homeworks yet.
1. Mary .......... cook .......... the soup. (already)2. John and Tom .......... watch .......... TV. (just)3. We .......... close .......... this window. (never) 4. Pupils .......... miss .......... the English class. (never)5. You .......... lie .......... to your mother. (often)
3. Raspunde la urmatoarele intrebari folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplele de mai jos:Exemple:Have you ever heard this song before? (never)We have never heard this song before.
Have you ever eaten this food before? (often)We have often eaten this food.
1. Has he ever spoken to his cousin before? (never)2. Have they ever played football? (often)3. Have you ever lied to your mother? (never)4. Has she ever skated before? (often)5. Have you ever drunk whisky? (never)
4. Construieste intrebari si raspunsuri ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:drive the carHave you driven the car yet?I'm afraid I haven't driven it yet.
1. have breakfast2. buy the buster3. send the letter4. clean the bathroom5. wash the dishes
5. Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii ca in exemplul de mai jos, folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu:Exemplu:This is the most beautiful girl I .......... (see)This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
1. That is the most interesting movie he .......... (see)2. This is the best book she .......... (read)3. This is the biggest mall they .......... (visit)4. These are the most attractive souvenirs they .......... (buy)5. Those are the most wonderful monuments they .......... (see)
PREZENTUL PERFECT CONTINUU:
A. Mod de formare Afirmativ:Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:1. I have been waiting for your reply since yesterday.2. He has been sending me letters for 3 months.3. We have been crying for 3 hours.
Interogativ:Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + been + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Exemple:1. Have I been waiting for your reply since yesterday?2. Has he been sending me letters for 3 months?3. Have we been crying for 3 hours?
Negativ:Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"Se folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)
Exemple:1. I haven't been waiting for your reply since yesterday.2. He hasn't been sending me letters for 3 months.3. We haven't been crying for 3 hours. B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Continuu pentru: • a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut si care nu s-a incheiat incaExemple: She has been eating for ten minutes.They have been working for several hours.
• a descrie stari sau sentimente care au inceput in trecut si au continuat de-a lungul unei perioade de timp si sunt inca prezente in momentul vorbiriiExemple:I have lived here since 1994.We have started classes for 3 hours. C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Perfect Continuu: sinceExemplu:You have been living in Paris since 1996.
forExemplu:They have been watching TV for 3 hours.
so farExemplu:So far, there have been arriving 10 passengers from London.
ever
Exemplu:Have you ever been listening to the radio?
neverExemplu:I have never been travelling to France until now. Exercitii: 1. Pune verbele din paranteza la timpul Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:I (travel) abroad for 2 weeks.I have been travelling abroad for 2 weeks.
1. He (write) poems since 1997.2. The children (draw) this map for half an hour.3. The pupil (recite) the poem for ten minutes.4. I (study) English for 4 years.5. Sarah (do) her homework for 2 hours.
2. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind FOR + the last + Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:Exemplu:He began watching TV 2 hours ago.He has been watching TV for the last 2 hours.
1. We began watering the flowers 2 days ago.2. Paul and Jim began writing their homework half an hour ago.3. Mother began going to the doctor 3 months ago.4. Father began cooking for his family 10 minutes ago.5. The poet began composing that poem 1 month ago.
3. Pune la forma interogativa a timpului Prezent Perfect Continuu, propozitiile de mai jos:Exemplu:He has been listening to the radio for 1 hour.Has he been listening to the radio for 1 hour?
1. Children have been staying in the bus for 10 hours.2. Pupils have been playing in the schoolgarden since noon.3. The detective has been investigating this case since 2000.4. The theatre show has been starting for 3 hours.5. I have been watching "Young & Restless" since 2001.
4. Completeaza spatiile goale cu "FOR" si "SINCE". Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Continuu:Exemplu:
Helen (study) English .......... last summer.Heleng has been studying English since last summer.
1. We (talk) about that horrible accident .......... half an hour.2. She (cook) a chicken soup .......... 1 hour.3. They (phone) the manager .......... the last five minutes.4. Mary (live) in Manhattan .......... June 1998.5. It (rain) .......... morning.
5. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind "SINCE" si Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplul urmator:Exemplu:It is raining. It started on Wednesday.It has been raining since Wednesday.
1. He is crying. He began at noon.2. Father is sleeping. He went to bed at 9 o'clock in the evening.3. We are travelling by train. We left Bucharest yesterday evening.4. The artist is drawing. He started his work in January.5. We are watching the football game. It began at 8 o'clock.
