Lec: 18 Dental Material Dr. Aseel Alkafaji

Dental implantDental implant : is defined as insertion of any alloplastic object or a material either partially or completely into the body for therapeutic, experimental, diagnostic or prosthetic purpose.

Advantage of Dental Implant

Replace one or more teeth without affecting adjacent teeth overcome the drawbacks of removable prostheses Bone maintenance of height and width Ideally esthetic tooth positioning Improved psychological health Increased chewing ability Eliminates need to involve adjacent teeth Used for anchorage during orthodontic treatment

Indication of dental implants The ideal candidate for a dental implant is in good general and oral health. Adequate bone in your jaw is needed to support the implant, and the best candidates have healthy gum tissues that are free of periodontal disease.

Contraindications: 1. Unhygienic patient2. Uncontrolled Type II diabetes.3. Implants are contraindicated for some patients who take some drugs like intravenous bisphosphonates and certain forms of cancer drugs.4. Heavy smokers' person.

Lec: 18 Dental Material Dr. Aseel Alkafaji

CLASSIFICATION OF IMPLANTSImplants can be classified according to anatomic location, device design, implant properties, or implant attachment mechanism or the implant material.Types of dental implants based on implant design:

1. Endosseous or Endosteal “within the bone”: is placed into the alveolar bone and/or basal bone of the mandible or maxilla, transect only one cortical plate (placed within the jawbone). These implants are usually shaped like a screw or cylinder and are made either of metal, metal covered with ceramic or ceramic material. Its shape is (Root form, Blade form or Ramus frame)

2. Subperiosteal “on top of the bone”: Placed directly beneath the periosteum overlying the bony cortex

Subperiosteal type of implant transosteal type of implant

3. Transosteal “through the bone”: Penetrates both cortical plates the transosteal implant has been restricted to the anterior area of the mandible use only in lower jaw.

Lec: 18 Dental Material Dr. Aseel Alkafaji

4 epithelial implant (Intramucosal): which was inserted into the oral mucosa. This type was associated with a simple surgical technique where the mucosa was used as an attachment site for metal inserts placed into an acrylic denture. Classification based on implant materials1. Metallic implant2. non metallic implant

a. Ceramic and ceramic coatedb. Polymer

3. Natural materials

METALLIC IMPLANT: (These materials are generally selected on the basis of their strength).this include

Titanium and titanium alloys (Most popular material use today). tantalum stainless steel cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy vitallium

ADVANTAGES: High degree of biocompatibility High strength High corrosion resistance.

CERAMIC & CERAMIC COATED IMPLANTS: Ceramics are nonorganic. nonmetallic. nonpolymeric materials manufactured by compacting and sintering at elevated temperatures. They can be categorized according to tissue response as:• Inert ceramics :stimulate bone formation - alumina

- Carbon - Zirconia

• Bioactive ceramics - Calcium phosphates

Lec: 18 Dental Material Dr. Aseel Alkafaji

- Bioactive glasses

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS:• Excellent biocompatibility• Minimal thermal and electrical conductivity• Color is similar to bone, enamel and dentine• High compressive strength .• Less resistance to shear and tensile stress• High modulus of elasticity• Brittle

POLYMERIC IMPLANT• polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)• polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)• poly ether ether keton (PEEK)