LearningtoInteract:DevelopmentalTrajectoriesofLinguis8cAlignmentinASD

EthanWeed

RiccardoFusaroliLe44aNaigles

Aconversa4onalphenomenon

Didyouputyourbabytosleep? Yeah

Lookslikeshefelloffherbed

She’ssleeping

Don'tfalloffthebed

Whattocallthisphenomenon?

•  “Linguis4crecycling”(Perkins,2004)•  “Interac4vealignment”(Pickering&Garrod,2004)

•  Priming

Interac4veAlignment

Linguis4crecycling

Alignmentinsystems

•  Combina4onof:– Externalforces–  Internalmechanisms

•  “Whyisconversa4onsoeasy?”(Garrod&Pickering,2004)

Ahorseispullingawoman

•  Branigan&McLean(2016)

•  TDchildren(N=32,ages3.5-4)areinfluencedbysyntac4cpriming

Thepirateshowstheclownagun

•  Slocombeetal(2013)

•  AdultswithAsperger’ssyndrome(N=17,ages18-51)areinfluencedbysyntac4cpriming

Thewitchwasdraggedbythebear

Allenetal(2011)

•  ChildrenwithASD(N=12,ages8-12)areinfluencedbysyntac4cprimingjustlikeTDcontrols

Thesheepkissedthequeen

Hopkinsetal(2016)

•  ChildrenwithASD(N=17,ages8-14)areinfluencedbysyntac4cprimingjustlikeTDcontrols

Conversa4onishardforkidswithASD

Hopkinsetal(2016)

•  Whataboutnaturalconversa4on?

Whatpetisthebest?

Hopkinsetal(2016)

Researchques4ons

1.  Doesthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentchangeaschildrenage?

Researchques4ons

1.  Doesthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentchangeaschildrenage?

2.  Isthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentdifferentinchildrenwithau4sm?

Conversa4onalalignmentinau4sm

•  Previousstudieshavefoundnodifferenceinconversa4onalalignmentbetweenindividualswithASDandcontrolsintask-orientedconversa4ons– Allenetal,2011;Hopkinsetal,2014;Slocombeetal2014;Braniganetal2016.

•  Butstudiesofnon–verbalalignmentfounddecreasedalignmentinposturalswayandothernon-taskrelatedmovements

Studydetails

•  32childrenwithASD•  35TDchildren•  Star4ngatapprox1year•  Ini4allylanguage-matched6visitsover3years(ca.400videos)

•  30minutesofplay•  Fulltranscrip4onatword-level

Howdidwedefinealignment?•  Lexical:probabilityofrepea4ngcaregiver’swordsinthefollowingspeechturncontrollingforuierancelength(cosinesimilarity).

•  Syntac4c:probabilityofre-usingcaregiver’spartsofspeechinthefollowingspeechturncontrollingforuierancelength(cosinesimilarity)andremovinglexicalalignment.

•  N.B.weexcludelackofengagement(noanswer).

Howdidwemodelalignment?•  Mixed-effectsgrowthcurvemodels

•  Fixedfactors:–  ASDdiagnosis(0,1)–  Visit–  Gender– Mullenscore–  ADOSscore(onlyforASD)

•  Randomeffects:–  Visit(linearandquadra4c)overChild

Results:Lexicalalignment

Results:Syntac4calignment

Researchques4ons

•  Doesthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentchangeaschildrenage?

•  Isthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentdifferentinchildrenwithau4sm?

Researchques4ons

•  Doesthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentchangeaschildrenage?– Yes

Linearandquadra4ccomponentstoalignmentdevelopment

•  Lexicallinear:β=0.76,SE=0.2,t-stat=3.88,p=0.0001

•  Lexicalquadra4c:β=-0.56,SE=0.18,t-stat=-3.07,p=0.002

•  Syntac4clinear:β=1.12,SE=0.44,t-stat=2.53,p=0.011

•  Syntac4cquadra4c:β=-0.95,SE=0.45,t-stat=-2.12,p=0.034

Researchques4ons

•  Doesthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentchangeaschildrenage?– Yes

•  Isthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentdifferentinchildrenwithau4sm?

Researchques4ons

•  Doesthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentchangeaschildrenage?– Yes

•  Isthedegreeofinterac4vealignmentdifferentinchildrenwithau4sm?– Yes

LowerdegreeofalignmentinchildrenwithASD(+ADOS)

•  Lexical:β=-0.01,SE=0.01,t-stat=-1.96,p=0.05•  Syntac4c:ASD:β=-0.07,SE=0.04,t-stat=-2,p=0.045

•  HigherADOSisrelatedtolowerlexical(β=-0.13,SE=0.05,t-stat=-2.6,p=0.01)

•  HigherADOSisrelatedtolowersyntac4calignment(β=-0.09,SE=0.04,t-stat=-2.47p=0.013)

Otherfactors

•  HigherMullenisrelatedtohigherlexical(β=0.01,SE=0.01,t-stat=1.94,p=0.05)andlowersyntac4calignment(β=-1.16,SE=0.33,t-stat=-3.48,p<0.0001)

•  Noeffectsofgender•  Nointerac4onwith4me

Whydoweseeadifferenceinalignment?

•  Possiblefactors– Freeconversa4on*– Youngerchildren– Greaterrangeofsymptomseverity

•  *butseeHopkinsetal(2016)

Ques4onsforthefuture

•  Whatdodifferentlevelsofalignmentreflect?•  Isitalways“good”toalign?•  DocaregiversaligndifferentlytoASDandTDchildren?

•  Whatabout“conceptualalignment”whichisnotcapturedbyouranalysis?

Thankyou

•  Linguis4cDataConsor4um•  JuliaParish-Morris•  LeilaBateman