Learning by imitation
-
Upload
arihantcollege9 -
Category
Education
-
view
14 -
download
0
Transcript of Learning by imitation
![Page 1: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ARIHANT INSTITUTE OF TEACHERS TRAINING
![Page 2: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NAME: Shendkar Rupali P.COURSE NO: 103
Teaching and LearningUNIT:Learning by Imitation
![Page 3: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Imitation Imitation as an end is more akin to mimicry in which a
person copies another act to repeat that action again. This kind of imitation is often observed in animals.
Imitation with a purpose utilizes the imitative act as a means to accomplish something more significant.
![Page 4: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Imitation Types of learning- Verbal learning, motor
learning, concept learning etc.
Human beings can learn by imitation.
Imitation requires- ability to observe and to see relationship
![Page 5: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Imitation Studies have shown that children can be
taught to imitate certain responses when the basic principles of learning and motivation are followed.
The factor of maturation also plays a part. A child who is not mature enough, cannot learn to walk,write swim or to read just by observation. Similarly just by observation, a child cannot learn to repair a complex machnism.
![Page 6: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Imitation It enables the learner to save time and effort
which might otherwise be wasted in making incorrect approaches.
Observing skilled performance not only gives general orientation but it also gives the observer certain insights at the start.
Imitation should not be considered as an independent theory of learning. Imitation may come in the picture in different types of learning such as motor learning, verbal learning problem solving etc. If imitation is carried on without proper observation, learning may amount to trial and error learning.
![Page 7: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Maturation:Development of child takes place of two basic but complex
process
1- Learning2- maturationWhen the development results from the natural growth of
the physiological system, it is called maturation.Learning is possible when certain stage of maturation is
reached.
![Page 8: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Maturation: Maturation may be physical or mental. Maturation is reflected in the readiness of the child to do
certain activity. Pacing means presenting activities at a rate commensurate
with the development of the child. Do not force the child to read and write in the KG class as
the child may not be mature enough and hence may not be ready to do the activities.
The more mature organism, the less training is needed to reach a given level of proficiency.
![Page 9: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Maturation: The principle of maturation merely warns us against
enforcing training on a child when he is not mature to learn the specific skills.
Otherwise the child may develop wrong habits, may lose interest and then will require more time to unlearn the wrong habits.
teacher should explain this principle to parents who are over ambitious and over enthusiastic in the education of their 3 or 4 years old child.
![Page 10: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Intelligence Intelligence goes on growing up to the age of 16 to 20 years but he I.Q. for
most individuals remains constant .the I.Q. provides a ratio for determining how bright an individualk is as
comopared to other age
![Page 11: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Intelligence Intelligence is expressed by an IQ score in an intelligence test is positivity
related to training. Generally, people with higher IQs learn new material rapidly. However,
higher IQ in itself is no guarantee for rapid learning since other factors such as motivation of the learner and the method used for learning are also important.
![Page 12: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AttentionAttention is always present is consious life and is common to all types of
mental activity.We must attend before we know, feel or act. It is a characteristic of all conscious life.Attention as the selective activity of consciousness or as a process of getting
an object of thought clearly before the mind.
![Page 13: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Why do we attend?Internal and external factors
Conditions that control attention may be termed as objective and subjective, those that are found in the objects ( external) and those that lie within the subject ( internal).
![Page 14: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
External factors or objective
conditions of attention
Change
Repetition
Size
Intensity
MovementContrast
novelty
![Page 15: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
External factors or objective conditions of attention
IntensitySizeRepetitionChangeMovementContrast novelty
![Page 16: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Intensity-
A strong stimulus is more likely to be noticed than a weak one.A loud noise has the advantage over a soft whisper, the bright head-light of a
car catches our attention more easily than the dull lamp of a cycle.
![Page 17: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Size-
Other things being equal, a large object will draw our attention more readily than a small one, a big advertisement or a tall building or an elephant will easily attract our attention.
![Page 18: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Repetition-The alarm of a clock would go unnoticed, if it strikes only
once. To Attract your attention, advertisers repeat a particular slogan while advertising t.hrough radio and tv
![Page 19: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Change-
To attract attention, change should not be gradual one but a sudden one, the tickling of wall clock goes unnoticed, but it arrests attention as soon as it stops. A Speaker modulates his voice to attract the attention of the audience.
![Page 20: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Contrast-Anything that is different from its surrounding is likely to stand out and catch
the eye. An ink blot on a white sari is likely to attract attention more readily than one on a colored sari. A tall and a short person walking together attract our attention more quickly.
![Page 21: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Novelty-
A strange object generally arouses attention. An advertisement printed upside down or a student wearing a western style dress with a turban on his head is likely to attract attention.
![Page 22: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Internal factors (Subjective) or conditions of Attention
How much and in what way a person will attend to a stimulus depends not only upon the characteristics of that stimulus or the favourable environmental conditions but also upon the persons own interest, motives, Interest. We attend to objects in which we are interested. these internal actors are of many kinds but they can put into six classes-
1-Emotions2- Interest3-mood4-Attitude5-Motives6-Instincts
![Page 23: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1.Emotions-emotions are said to be the “ internal
motivation” of attention. In joy and affection we attend to certain things. In sorrow we like nothing. hence the teacher should try to make the classroom situation pleasant so that so student can attend and gain the maximum.
![Page 24: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2 Interest and attention-
Interest is a very helpful factor in securing attention. We attend to objects in which we are interested and we do not attend to those in which we do not have interest. A boy interested in hockey will be more interested in watching a hockey match than football or the volleyball matches being played at the same time on adjacent grounds.
Teacher should make his lesson interesting by connecting it with their basic need,drives and interest.
![Page 25: Learning by imitation](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062522/588779471a28ab63208b47af/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3.Mood-3. the more the pleasant mood of the child the
greater the level of attention.it also leads to less distraction when pleasant.
Our mood always influences the direction of attention. If somebody is seriously ill at home, you find it difficult to pay attention your study. if you are in a pleasant mood, you pay attention easily.
Our mood always influences the direction of attention. If somebody is seriously ill at home, you find it difficult to pay attention your study. if you are in a pleasant mood, you pay attention easily.