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Organisational Behaviour

Assignment two

Business management

Content page

ContentsSummary...............................................................................................................................................2

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................2

Task 1.................................................................................................................................................2

Impact of leadership style on motivation......................................................................................2

Task 2.................................................................................................................................................3

Theories of motivation..................................................................................................................3

Differences between two theories................................................................................................4

Task 3.................................................................................................................................................6

The nature of groups or teams within the organisations...............................................................6

How groups get formed inside the organizations..........................................................................6

Factors that have effect on group behavior...................................................................................6

Task 4.................................................................................................................................................7

Impact of technology on teamwork...............................................................................................7

Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................7

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SummaryHow to manage all the activity within an organization? This is the question that every single manager or leader may face when they want to run a part or maybe a whole activities within any type of companies or organization. What type of leadership, how to motivate employees, type of decision making and group making and the technology using within organization are the common activities for a company to face and should be sorted out. In this report these are factors that will be discussed.

IntroductionThe chosen company for this report is Alliance Boots which is a health and beauty manufacturer inside the UK. It has two core business activities - pharmacy-led health and beauty retailing, and pharmaceutical wholesaling and distribution - and has a presence in over 25 countries including associates and joint ventures. Alliance Boots group is also the biggest Health and beauty Company inside the UK. In order to manage all different parts of activities such as leadership, market evaluating, product service, satisfaction of employees and motivate them and so on, Boots Co needs to assess and evaluate some factors as discussed below.

Task 1

Impact of leadership style on motivationThere are several types of leadership in the world. Each of them has its own way to motivate employees and encourage them to do their best in order to achieve the goals and objectives that organisation needs.

The first one is autocratic leadership. In this type of leadership, leader rarely gets help or lets others involve to decision-making. This type is known to use in those companies that need to make a quick decision such as industrial organisation and medical-field or police departments. Managers by making quick judgment shows the direction to its subordinates and Subordinates by having the direction from their managers can quickly reflect and complete their responsibilities and achieve the organisation’s goals. The advantages of this type can be quick implementation, leadership foresight, effective in emergency situations and smooth management. These are all the factors that make this type of leadership common for those companies that need a quick decision-making. www.buzzle.com, Kartha. D, (2013)

Democratic leadership is another style of leadership. This style also knows as participating leadership. Unlike autocratic, this style lets other employees to get involved in decision-making and engage to activities of leaderships. If the members of the organisation being experienced enough and perceptive, the result of the decision sharing can be more effective and useful. The disadvantage of this form that can be its slowness. The motivation tactic of this style is that because employees are involved to decision-making and they set their direction their productivity becomes higher and more utilisation of their competences. www.leadership-toolbox.com (2008)

Transformational leadership is the third style. In this style the leader by its perfect vision of the future makes a positive sight of future within the environment of staff and members so their

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productivity becomes higher. Every privet responsibilities have been explained by the leader to staff so they know their direction how to deal with their activities. www.cipd.com (2011)

Transactional leadership theory

This style has been has been described first by Max Weber in 1947 and then by Barnard bass in 1981. It mainly focuses basic management of controlling, organising, and short-term planning. Transactional leadership describes as "keeping the ship afloat." Transactional leaders use disciplinary power and an array of incentives to motivate employees to perform at their best. The term "transactional" refers to the fact that this type of leader essentially motivates subordinates by exchanging rewards for performance. Motivations factors in this style are involving motivating and directing followers primarily through appealing to their own-interest, and the leader believes in motivating through a system of rewards and punishment. Both punishments and rewards depend on the employee reflection, in case of desire performance reward arrives and in case of poor performance punishment arises. www.smallbusiness.com, Ingram, (2011)

Task 2

Theories of motivationPeople spend a considerable part of their lives at work, so it is not surprising that they expect to be rewarded for and satisfied with the job that they do. In order to this particular some theories has been invented be some exports. There are different kinds of motivation theories in the corporate world, but there are two of them has been explained and compared. One in Maslow and the other one is Herzberg.

Maslow

Basically motivating people within any organisation is an important issue in order to improve their performance and make them satisfy of the job they are doing. Maslow is one of those experts who considered the level of satisfactory of employees and the needs of this issue inside any organisation. As it has shown the idea is within the hierarchy of organisation depend on employees there are some factors that should be accounted as important such as self-actualisation, esteem, social, and safety and physiological. Organisations by anticipating these factors inside their employees can improve their performance. In Alliance Boots all the employees is motivated to work through each of these levels. www.cipd.com

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For instance:

Safety needs, they continue to promote a health and safety culture throughout our Group. We have a duty to employees, customers and others involved in our businesses (for example contractors and suppliers) to make sure our retail stores, distribution centres and offices are safe places to work. They view standards of health and safety required by law as only a minimum. www.allianceboots.com

Social needs, there are some activities such as meetings, informal appointments and friendly assemblies with employees that managers of each group inside the company arrange, in these meetings they have discussion about how things run and problems are shared in order to recognise those need help, by this tactic the performance goes up and those employees that feel shortage of experience are got help.

Esteem needs, it is very important for Boots Co employee to feel that they are contribute to decision making and the final achievement of the company. For this particular there are questioner papers about how things done within the company and what ideas employees have to make them better.

Self-actualisation, one of the most important aspects to recruit employees for Boots Co is to be creative and proactive, after producing a product to the market those employees that contributed to making that product get rewards and vouchers.

These are the factors that Maslow believed could be effective in order to motivate employees and encourage them to bring their performance higher and higher.

Herzberg

The other motivation theory has been invented be Herzberg in 1946. Basically the theory of Herzberg is divided into two parts. One is hygiene and the other is motivation. These are elements of satisfactory and dissatisfies of employees. Herzberg believes that satisfies and dissatisfies of employee within their organisation are completely a part from each other. The elements of dissatisfies within the workplace can be an autocratic working environment or excessive company bureaucracy.in fact Herzberg believed that any factor of hygiene should be minimised in order to improve the job satisfaction and full effect. (www.nytimes.com, By BARNABY J. FEDER, (2013) the New York Times)

In order to motivate employees inside Boots Co, their managers have set some rewards and motivators for labours such as job sharing, part-time, career breaks and parental leaves.

Differences between two theories

There are verities of different factors that make these two theories separate from each other. First of all these two have difference by the meaning, Maslow theory is based on the concept of human needs and their satisfaction.

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Hertzberg's theory is based on the use of motivators which include achievement, recognition and opportunity for growth. Secondly, the difference is of the basic of theories. Maslow theory is based on hierarchy of human needs. He identified five sets of human needs (on priority basis) and their satisfaction in motivating employees. Hertzberg refers to hygiene factors and motivating factors in his theory. Hygiene factors are dissatisfiers while motivating factors motivate subordinates. Hierarchical arrangement of needs is not given. Thirdly, the nature of theory, Maslow's theory is rather simple and descriptive. The theory is based long experience about human needs. Hertzberg's theory is more prescriptive. It suggests the motivating factors which can be used effectively. This theory is based on actual information collected by Hertzberg by interviewing 200 engineers and accountants. Other differences have shown in the chart below.

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Task 3

The nature of groups or teams within the organisations

Formal groups- these types of groups within the organisations has been set specifically to complete a specific goal in a particular time. There are two types of formal group, temporary and permanent. the type of these groups depend on the objective they want to achieve, in case of short time problems, these groups get form in order to solve the problem and after that they are not exist anymore but permanent groups are in long term and are known as a department inside the organization and are responsible for a set of jobs. Setting meetings, seminars or conferences are the activity that formal groups do to gather with each other.

Informal- the nature of informal groups have been set on self-interest and relationship of employees inside the organisations. There is no especial goal for making these groups but having a set of friends inside the organization make the employees satisfied of their work place.

How groups get formed inside the organizations

According to the theory of Tuckman and Jensen (1977) group forming inside the organization have 5 different steps that have shown as below:

Forming- when the individuals starting to find out more information about each other. In this step, most team members are positive and polite. Some are anxious, as they haven't fully understood what work the team will do. Others are simply excited about the task ahead.

Storming- it is an conflicting stage, all the members are bargain with each other and thinking about what they want to do as a group.

Norming- this is when the members of the group starting to sort out the problems with each other and pushing each other in order to improve the other group members.

Performing- is when the group has been adopted to solve the problems independently and it is concerned with getting the job done and accomplishing its objectives.

Adjourning- the period of team has been finished or the goals has been achieved so the group disbands because members have left.

The other theory of team group behavior is Belbin’s team roles. Belbin Team Roles are used to identify people's behavioral strengths and weaknesses in the workplace. This information can be used to: Build productive working relationships Select and develop high-performing teams, Raise self-awareness and personal effectiveness, Build mutual trust and understanding and aid recruitment processes. www.belbin.com

Factors that have effect on group behaviorIn every group or teams in organization, having information about other members in the group or being in a direction with each other is an important issue that sometimes caused a lot of problems in

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case of the behavior of the whole group. There are several aspects in a group that individually has effect such:

Group norms, basically group norms are the unwritten rules about others’ behavior within the group. Their culture, the way they think and reflect about activities inside the group can be accounted as group norms.

Decision making, one of the most important elements inside a team is decision making, a strong group should be able to make the best decision as fast as they can but in some groups there are some factors that effect this such as the size of the group, communication and the way they run their group like centralized or decentralized.

Cohesiveness, as this word sound it refers to the strangeness of the relationship between members inside a group. Being match with each other like a football team, with a same goal and target.

Task 4

Impact of technology on teamwork

It is true that technology completely has changed the performance of teamwork in most of the parts and in some cases it hinders team functions. The meant of technology is things like e-mail, mobile phones, computers and so on. The mention the changes that technology has made these facts are the most important ones. The length of result has become shorter be using the Internet and sharing them with email. There is no more need to make an appointment in streets or cafés any more in order to complete the process of teamwork, they can call and talk with each other. Everyone can meet the others behind his/her computer from its own house, it means fast and easy facility to communicate and so on...

Conclusion

After all, Companies with huge operations especially Alliance Boots must choose their own ways in several ways in order to improve their employees’ performance and using the competences of their potentials. Firstly, using the best style of leadership so they can motivate their employee. Secondly, perform the theories of motivation within their company so they can satisfy their employees. The other important aspect that Boots Co has cared about and should care for its future is to know how to branch its employee in different teams and what types of activity should be given to them, so each group is going to be responsible for the activity that they are talent in. they need to form their teams in a way that their performance become higher for instance for those people that need a manager to transfer information inside the group make a centralized group and so on. Finally, improve the usage of technology between staff so their ability in terms of technology arises and they can win the competitive market in health and beauty products.

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BibliographyKartha, D. (n.d.). http://www.buzzle.com. Retrieved from

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/autocratic-leadership-style.html

www.belbin.com

Management Study Guide. (2013) Delegation Of Authority-Meaning, Importance and its principles.

http://managementstudyguide.com/delegation_of_authority.htm

[Accessed: 4th January 2014]

www.cipd.com

www.smallbusiness.com, Ingram, (2011)

Available at: http://www.business-management-courses.com/2012/01/contingency-approach-to-business.html

BPP Learning Media, 2010. Business Essentials supporting HND/HNC and Foundation degrees. 2nd ed. London: BPP Learning Media Ltd.www.buzzle.com, Kartha. D, (2013)

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