Leadership styles myanmar translation final edition18 jun2012

ျမနမာႏငင၏ အရပဘကလမႈအဖြ႕အစညးမားတြင

ကငသးေနသည ေခါငးေဆာငမႈပစမား

ဖြ႕ၿဖးေရးမ႑ငအဖြ႕





ေမလ ၂၀၁၂

2

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6

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9

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10

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12

1/ ed'gef;ESifhaemufcHtajctae

1.1. ed'gef;EdkifiHawmfor®wMuD; OD;odef;pdef? rwfv 1 &ufaeYu EdkifiHokdYrdefYcGef;a>c&mü? 2010 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ

tjyD;wGif tmPm&&Sdvmonfh tpdk;&tzGJUopf\ wpfESpfwmtwGif; aqmif&GufjyD;pD;rItESpfcsKyfudk jynfolodkYwifjycJhonf/ tqdkygrdefYcGef;ü EdkifiH\ vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;tajctaersm; wdk;wufatmifaqmif&Guf&mwGift&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\tcef;u@rSm tvGefta&;ygaMumif; xyfwvJvJ xnfhoGif;ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/ þonfrSm jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;twGuf tvGefyiftcgtcGifhoifhonfh todtrSwfjyKcH&rIESifh tm;ay;rIwpfckyif jzpfygonf/

jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;tm; OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKaeolrsm;\ tcef;u@rSm tvGefyifta&;MuD;vSygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf; zGHUjzdK;pnfyifa&;ESifh a&&SnfwnfwHha&;twGuf tvGefta&;ygonfh vkyfief;tjrif^ vrf;aMumif; csrSwfay;aeolrsm;jzpfygonf/ t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;vIyf&Sm;rIMuD; a&SUodkYcsDwufEdkifa&;twGuf vdktyfvSonfh tajymif;tvJazmfaqmifrnfhacgif;aqmifrI ay;aeolrsm;vnf; jzpfygonf/

1.2. aemufcHtajctaejrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;\ acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;udk avhvmonfhtcg? ]]vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS

acgif;aqmifrsm; t"duusihfoHk;aeonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;rSmtb,fenf;}} qdkonfhar;cGef;udk xkwfcJhygonff/xdktar;udk ajzqdkEdkifzdkY&m? a&G;cs,fusifhoHk;Edkifonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;&SdaMumif;? acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf yDyDjyifjyif jzpfxGef;vmap&ef yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifhtkyfcsKyfwwf&rnfjzpfaMumif; em;vnfxm;zdkYvdkonf/ tajctaeay:rlwnfí yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh tkyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ nTefMum;csufay;yHk? vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfyHkESifh 0efxrf;rsm; pdwf"mwfwuf<uatmifEdI;aqmfonfhyHkpHrsm;u vlwpfa,muf\acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudk yHkazmfay;ygonf/yHkrSeftm;jzifh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHtay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh tcsufav;csuf&Sdygonf/ ¤if;wddkYrSm (1) acgif;aqmif\yifudkp½dkuf (2) 0efxrf;rsm;\yifudkp½dkuf (3) tvkyfwm0eftrsKd;tpm;ESifh (4) ywf0ef;usiftajctaewdkYyifjzpfonf/ þokawoe\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm jrefrmEdkifiH&Sdt&yfbufvlUabmif (civil society)1 rS acgif;aqmifrsm; usihfoHk;aeonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;udk avhvm&efjzpfygonf/ acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH trsKd;rsKd;\ tm;omcsuf? tm;enf;csufrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; xda&mufatmifjrifrI? uRrf;usifrIESifh a&&SnfwnfwHhEdkifrItay: pDrHcefYcGJrIyHkpH? tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHESifh tzGJUtpnf;wGif;,Ofaus;rI ponfwdkY\ tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk ppfwrf;aumuf,lavhvmcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/

þokawoe\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;rSm –

jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;tcsKdUwGif usifhoHk;vsuf&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef/

1

okawoetzGJUtpnf;MuD; tawmfrsm;rsm;u zGifhqdkxm;onfh civil society \t"dyÜg,fudk urÇmhbPfu vufcHoHk;pGJvsuf &Sdygonf/ ]]Civil society (t&yfbufvlUabmif) qdkonfrSm vlrItodkif;t0dkif;wpfck\ usifh0wf? ,Ofaus;rI? EdkifiHa&;? odyÜH? bmoma&; odkYr[kwf y&[dwtav;xm;rIrsm;wGiftajccHí jzpfxGef;vmaom qE´ESifhwefzdk;xm;rIrsm;udkazmfjyvsuf vlxkMum;wGif vkyfudkifaeonfh tpdk;&r[kwfaom? tjrwftpGef;twGufr[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfonf/ t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf; (Civil society organizations) qdkonfrSm &yf&GmwGif;rStzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? a'ocHwkdif;&if;om;tzGJUrsm;? ukodkvfjzpftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ,HkMunfrIudktajccHonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? twwfynm&SiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh azmifa';&Sif;rsm;udk qdkvdkygonf/}}

13

jrefrmht&yfbufvlUabmifudk OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKaeolrsm; t"duusifhoHk;vsuf&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;udk avhvm&ef/

tjcm; acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;tm; toHk;csEdkifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGazmfxkwf&ef/

acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;\ tm;omcsuf? tm;enf;csufrsm;ESifh? tzGJUtpnf;wdk;wufrItay: acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;\ tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk pdppfavhvm&ef/

2/ okawoe enf;em

þokawoetm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJtoGifjzifh jyKvkyfcJhjyD;? OD;wnftkyfpkESifhaqG;aEG;jcif; (FGD)ESifh t"du usonfh owif;tcsuftvufay;Ekdifolrsm;ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif; (KII) rsm; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ okawoe yxrydkif;tjzpf? vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ,HkMunfrItajcjyKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh &yf&GmtajcjyKtzGJUtpnf;rsm; (CBO) pHkvifpGmyg0ifonfh t&yfbufvlUabmiftzGJUtpnf; 32 ckrS acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwpfckudk zGHUNzdK;a&;r@dKiftzGJUrSOD;aqmifusif;ycJhygonf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk acgif;aqmifrItaMumif; twdkcsKyfa[majymwifjyrIjzifh pwifcJhonf/ a[majymrItjyD;ü ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJodkY wufa&mufvmolrsm;tm; acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudk ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfh ar;cGef;vTmESpfapmif ajzqdkcdkif;cJhonf/

tqdkyg ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk toHk;jyKí jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKaeolrsm;\ acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;udk rdk',f (model) ESpfckjzifhavhvmcJhonf/ yxr rdk',fudktoHk;jyKí t"du acgif;aqmifrI yHkpHoHk;rsKd;udk cGJjcm;avhvmcJhonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm -

1. tmPm&Sifqefaom acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH2. 0efxrf;tm;vHk;oabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH3. wm0efcGJa0ay;onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH

'kwd,rdk',fudktoHk;jyKí tzGJUtpnf;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; trsKd;tpm; 5 rsKd;cGJjcm;avhvmcJhygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm -

1. tmPm&Sifqefaomacgif;aqmif - vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItydkif;wGif tm;oefaomfvnf;? 0efxrf; rsm;tm; udkifwG,fqufqH&mwGif tm;enf;onfhacgif;aqmif/

2. trsm;ESifhoifhjrwfaomfvnf; vkyfief;ydkif;ütm;enf;aomacgif;aqmif - 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh xdawGUqufqH&mwGif tqifacsmaomfvnf;? vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItydkif;wGif tm;enf;onfhacgif;aqmif/

3. bufpHktm;enf;aomacgif;aqmif - vkyfief;ydkif;a&m? qufqHa&;yg nHhzsif;onfhacgif;aqmif4. acgif;aqmifaumif; - vkyfief;ydkif;a&m? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;yg xl;cRefaumif;rGefonfh

acgif;aqmif5. tv,ftvwf acgif;aqmif

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ jyKvkyfpOfumvtwGif;? wufa&mufvmMuonfh tzGJUacgif;aqmifrsm;onf okawoe ar;cGef;vTmyg tcsuftvufrsm;udkajzqkdjyD; rdrdwkdY\acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudk udk,fwdkifqef;ppfcJhMuonf/ ppfwrf; aumuf,l&&Sdonfh tcsuftvufrsm;tm; twnfjyKEdkif&ef acgif;aqmifrItawGUtMuHK &ifhusufol ESpfOD;ESifh KII

ESpfMudrfjyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkYjyif? jynfwGif;rlrItzGJUtpnf; 17 zGJUrS 'kwd,tqifhacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh tkyfpkvdkufaqG;aEG;yGJ ESpfMudrf jyKvkyfcJhygonf/

14

acgif;aqmiftrsKd;tpm; cGJjcm;&mwGiftoHk;jyKonfh yHkpHuGufudk atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

16

3/ t"du awGU&Sdcsufrsm;

3.1. avhvmrIwGif yg0ifcJhonfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;

avhvmrIwGifyg0ifcJhonfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm; pwifwnfaxmifcJhonfhckESpf tzGJUtpnf; &mcdkifEIef;

1948 rwdkifrD 10%

1948 ESifh 1999 ckESpfMum; 30%

2000 ESifh 2008 ckESpfMum; 50%

2008 (qdkifuvkef;em*pftjyD;) 10%

pkpkaygif; 100%

tzGJUta&twGuf = 20

okawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh tzGJUtpnf; 32 zGJUteuf? tzGJU 20 uom tzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m tcsuf tvufrsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrIqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk today;cJhygonf/ xkdYaMumifh txufwGifazmfjy xm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh &mcdkifEIef;rsm;rSm ,if;tzGJU 20 ay:wGiftajccHí wGufcsufxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ txufygZ,m;wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;? þokawoewGifyg0ifonfh t&yfbufvlUabmiftzGJUtpnf;xuf0ufcefYrSm 2000 ckESpfrS 2008 ckESpftwGif; pwifzGJUpnf;cJhjcif;jzpfjyD;? 30 &mcdkifEIef;cefYrSmrl 1948 ckESpfrS 1999 ckESpftwGif; ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;tjyD;wGifrS ay:aygufvmcJhonfh tzGJUtpnf;[lí jynfwGif; tzGJUtpnf;ESpfzGJUom þokawoewGif yg0ifygonf/ ,HkMunfrItajcjyKtzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;yif a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u zGJUpnf;cJhonfcsnf;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;rS ,HkMunfrItajcjyKtzGJUtpnf;ESpfckqkdvQif 1948 ckESpfrwdkifrDuwnf;u pwifxlaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ tcsuftvufrsm; today;ajymMum;onfh tzGJUtpnf; 20 teuf? 30 &mcdkifEIef; rSm ,HkMunfrItajcjyK tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfjyD;? 60 &mckdifEIef;rSm tpdk;&r[kwfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfonf/ usef 10 &mckdifEIef;rSmrl &yf&GmtajcjyKvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfonf/

þokawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;pkpkaygif;\ 85 &mcdkifEIef;rSm &efukeftajcpdkuf tzGJU tpnf;rsm;jzpfjyD;? useftzGJUrsm;rSm {&m0wDwkdif;a'oMuD;? yJcl;wkdif;a'oMuD;? ucsifjynfe,f ponfha'orsm;wGif pwifxlaxmifcJhonfh tzGJUrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;trsm;pk\ pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;rSm &efukefwkdif;a'oMuD;twGif;wGif wnf&Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHü 'kwd, pDrHudef;trsm;qHk;a'orSm {&m0wDwdkif;a'oMuD;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ 65 &mcdkifEIef;cefYyif þa'owGif;ü pDrHudef;rsm; taumiftxnf azmfvsuf&Sdygonf/ onfhaemufwGifrS &Srf;jynfe,f? rEÅav;wkdif;a'oMuD;ESifh yJcl;wdkif;a'oMuD;wdkYu pDrHudef;ta&twGuf trsm;rStenf;odkY tpDtpOftwdkif;&SdMuygonf/

17

jynfe,fESifhwdkif;a'oMuD;rsm;ü jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm; ysHUESHYwnf&SdaeyHk

pDrHudef;wnf&Sd&mae&m &mckdifEIef;jzifh

&efukefwkdif;a'oMuD; 85

{&mwDwkdif;a'oMuD; 65

&ckdifjynfe,f 40

rEÅav;wdkif;a'oMuD; 45

u&ifjynfe,f 35

yJcl;wkdif;a'oMuD; 45

weoFm&Dwkdif;a'oMuD; 10

u,m;jynfe,f 35

rGefjynfe,f 35

&Srf;jynfe,f 50

ucsifjynfe,f 35

csif;jynfe,f 30

ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oMuD; 5

rauG;wkdif;a'oMuD; 15

tzGJUta&twGuf = 20

0efxrf;wpfa,mufrS cefYrxm;bJ vkyftm;ay;rsm;ESifhcsnf; vnfywfaeonfh LNGO wpfzGJUrSvGJí? useftzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;vdkvdkü tcsdefjynfh0efxrf;rsm;a&m? tcsdefydkif;0efxrf;rsm;omru? toif;0if (members)

rsm;yg &SdMuygonf/ LNGO ESpfckwGifrl 0efxrf;rsm;om&SdjyD;? toif;0ifpepfr&Sdyg/

atmufygZ,m;ü jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;&Sd 0efxrf;ESifh toif;0ifOD;a&udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tjcm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhpmaomf c&pf,meftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü toif;0ifOD;a&trsm;qHk;jzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ toif;om;ta&twGuf 3000 rS 8000 txd&SdMuonf/ okawoewGifyg0ifonfh jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf; tm;vHk;ü zGJUpnf;yHkjyum;csyfrsm;&SdMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYteuf 85 &mcdkifEIef;ü tzGJU zGJUpnf;yHktajccHpnf;rsOf;&SdjyD;? 25 &mcdkifEIef;aom tzGJUrsm;rSmrl pDrHudef;udktajccHí zGJUpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; ¤if;wdkY\ tzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm;t& od&Sd&ygonf/

18

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;&Sd 0efxrf;ESifhtoif;om;OD;a&jyZ,m;

okawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü atmufazmfjyyg XmecGJrsm;&SdMuonf-

vlUt&if;tjrpfXme

pDrHcefYcGJa&;Xme

apmifhMunfhppfaq;? tuJjzwfqef;ppfa&;Xme

wm0efcHrIqdkkif&mXme

b@ma&;Xme

axmufyhHydkYaqmifa&;Xme

owif;tcsuftvufenf;ynmXme

tqifhjrifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUESifh tjcm;XmecGJrsm;

jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;rSmyif b@ma&;Xmersm;&SdMujyD;? tzGJUtm;vHk;eD;yg;ü pDrHcefYcGJa&;Xme &SdMuygonf/ roefpGrf;olrsm;ta&; tp&Sdonfh txl;udpö&yfrsm; aqmif&Gufaeonfh tzGJUtpnf;wpfcsKdUürl oufqkdkkif&mudpö&yffrsm;tm;aqmif&Guf&ef txl;XmecGJrsm;xm;&SdMuygonf/ jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkü wm0efcHrIqkdif&mXmeESifh owif;tcsuftvufenf;ynmXmersm; rsm;aomtm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;avhr&Sdyg/ tzGJUtpnf;wpfcküom txufazmfjyyg XmecGJtm;vHk;&Sdygonf/ awGUqHkar;jref;cJhonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ 25 &mcdkifEIef;ü txufyg Xme 7 ckrS 8 ckxd&SdMuygonf/

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

မရပါ

<၁၀

၁၀ မ ၂၀

၂၀ မ ၅၀

၅၀ မ ၁၀၀

၁၀၀<

၀နထမး

အဖြ႕၀င

19

okawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü XmecGJrsm;zGJUpnf;xm;&SdyHk

XmecGJrsm;tzGJUtpnf; &mcdkifEIef;

XmecGJta&twGuftzGJUtpnf; &mcdkifEIef;

vlUt&if;tjrpfXme 65 XmecGJ 2 ck 5

pDrHcefYcGJa&;Xme 95 XmecGJ 4 ck 15

apmifhMunfhppfaq;? tuJjzwfqef;ppfa&;Xme 80 XmecGJ 5 ck 20

wm0efcHrIqdkkif&mXme 65 XmecGJ 6ck 5

b@ma&;Xme 100 XmecGJ 7ck 25

axmufyhHydkYaqmifa&;Xme 70 XmecGJ 8 ck 25

owif;tcsuftvufenf;ynmXme 60 XmecGJ 9 ck 5

tqifhjrifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU 80 tzGJUta&twGuf = 20

roefpGrf;olrsm;Xme 5

tzGJUta&twGuf = 20

3.2. okawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpH

þokawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfhtzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;eD;yg;ü tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGJU rsm;&Sdygonf/ ESpfq,f&mcdkifEIef; (tzGJU 4 zGJU)aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; acgif;aqmifwpfOD;wnf;u pDrHtkyfcsKyfaejcif;jzpfaomfvnf; tzGJUtm;vHk;üyif zGJUpnf;yHkjyum;csyfrsm;&SdMuygonf/ okawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh tzGJUtm;vHk;eD;yg; (90 &mcdkifEIef;)u ¤if;wdkYtzGJUrsm;ü tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfí qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfonf[kajymMujyD;? 95 &mcdkifEIef;aomtzGJUrsm;ü 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh txuft&m&SdtzGJUwdkYyg0ifonfh tpnf;ta0;rsm; yHkrSefusif;yvsuf &Sdygonf/ tzGJUtpnf; 10 ckü xdkuJhokdYaomtpnf;ta0;rsKd; vpOfjyKvkyfvsuf&SdjyD;? useftzGJUrsm;wGifrl tywfpOf? ESpfvwpfMudrf? oHk;vwpfMudrfpojzifh jyKvkyfaeMuygonf/ xdkYjyif? pDrHudef;tpnf;ta0;? txuft&m&SdtzGJUtpnf;ta0;? tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGJUtpnf;ta0;ponfrsm;udkvnf; tzGJUrl0g'tvdkuf usif;yjyKvkyfvsuf&SdMuygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkü 0efxrf;rsm;tm; tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;udkzwfMum;jyD; rSwfcsufcscGifh jyKygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;\ydkifqkdifrIESifhywfoufíawGU&Sd&onfrSm? tzGJUtrsm;pkü w,fvDzkef;rsm;&SdMuaomfvnf;? tzGJU 10 zGJUvQif 6 zGJUom tifwmeufvdkif;qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ tzGJUtm;vHk;\ 30 &mcdkifEIef;ü zufpf &Sdygonf/ udk,fykdiftifwmeufpmrsufESm&SdonfhtzGJUtpnf;[lí 5 &mcdkifEIef;om&Sdygonf/

3.2.1. LNGO rsm;\ rl0g'rsm;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;

jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;eD;yg;rSmyif pDrHtkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&mrl0g'ESifh vlt&if;tjrpfqdkif&mrl0g'rsm;&SdMuygonf/ tzGJUtrsm;pk (85 &mcdkifEIef;)ü b@ma&;qdkif&mrl0g' &SdMujyD;? 60 &mcdkifEIef;aom tzGJUrsm;ü ypönf;0,f,la&;qkdif&mrl0g' xm;&SdMuygonf/ odkYaomf? trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifhuav;oli,frsm;ta&;udpö aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh tzGJUtpnf;tenf;i,frSty usefrnfonfhtzGJUtpnf;wGifrS usm; r cGJjcm;qufqHrIESifh uav;oli,f tumtuG,fay;a&;qdkif&mrl0g' r&SdMuyg/ tzGJUwpfzGJUü usef;rma&;? ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh ywf0ef;usif qkdif&mrl0g' csrSwfxm;&Sdonfudk xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGU&Sd&ygonf/ atmufygZ,m;wGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;? txufazmfjyyg rl0g'ajcmufckvHk;&SdonfhtzGJU[lí wpfzGJUwnf;om &Sdygonf/

20

jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif csrSwfxm;onfhrl0g'ta&twGuf

tzGJUtpnf;wGif csrSwfxm;onfh rl0g'ta&twGuf

tzGJUtpnf;ta&twGuf

tzGJUtpnf; &mcdkifEIef;

rl0g' ESpfck 4 20

rl0g' oHk;ck 5 25

rl0g' av;ck 6 30

rl0g' ig;ck 4 20

rl0g' ajcmufck 1 5

pkpkaygif; 20

tzGJUta&twGuf = 20

a,bktm;jzifh? jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;ü 0efxrf;wdkif;twGuf tvkyfwm0efazmfjycsufrsm; a&;om;csrSwfxm;ygonf/ xdkYjyif tzGJUtm;vHk;vdkvdkü 0efxrf;rsm;a&m? tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;twGufyg tajccHusifh0wfpnf;urf;rsm; csrSwfxm;&Sdygonf/ jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkonf tvI&Sifrsm;xH aiGaMu; tpD&ifcHpmESifh vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;Edkifa&; (txufodkYwm0efcHrI) twGufom t"dutm½Hkxm;jyD;? tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&Sdolrsm;xH owif;tcsuftvuf jzefYcsdtoday;rItydkif; (atmufodkYwm0efcHrI)ü tm;enf;aMumif; okawoeawGU&Sdcsufrsm;u nTefjyaeygonf/

90 &mcdkifEIef;aomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYtzGJUrsm;ü tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfí qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfonf[k qdkMuaomfvnf;? ta&;ygonfhqHk;jzwfcsuftrsm;pkudkrl tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGGJU0ifrsm;ESifh tqifhjrifhpDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJUodkYr[kwf nTefMum;a&;rSL;? OD;aqmifnTefMum;a&;rSL;? pDrHudef;nTefMum;a&;rSL;? tzGJUacgif;aqmif? tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&Sdolrsm;tzGJUacgif;aqmif ponfh t&m&SdMuD;rsm;ujyKvkyfvsuf&Sdonf/ okawoewGifyg0ifcJhonfh tzGJUtpnf; 20 teuf wpfzGJUwGifom toif;om;rsm;\rJcGJqHk;jzwfcsufjzifh tqHk;tjzwfrsm;jyKvkyfonfh tavhtx&SdaMumif;awGU&ygonf/

3.3. t&yfzufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:avhvmcsuf

tydk'fcGJ 3.2 wGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;? tzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkü tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGJUrsm;&SdMuonf jzpfí jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh bkwftzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;taMumif; azmfjyEdkifMuygonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&; bkwftzGJUxm;&Sdonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü ysrf;rQtm;jzifh tzGJU0ifckESpfa,muf&Sdygonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUü usm;^r rQwpGmyg0ifygonf/ jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf; 60 &mcdkifEIef;cefY\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;wGif trsKd;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm;yg0ifaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/

touf 30 atmuft&G,f 0efxrf;wpfOD; tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGJU0ifjzpfvmzdkYqdkonfrSm jrefrmht&yfbufvlrI tzGJUtpnf;twGuf xl;jcm;jzpf&yfwpfck jzpfaeygao;onf/ bkwftzGJU0ifrsm;\ xuf0ufausmf (56 &mcdkifEIef;)rSm touf 30 rS 59 ESpfMum;t&G,frsm;jzpfMuygonf/ bkwftzGJUwGif;ü touft&G,fMuD;olrsm;tm; &mxl;MuD;rsm; ay;&rnf[k jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHt& tm;vHk;rSwf,lvufcHxm;Muygonf/ bkwftzGJU0ifrsm;\ 29.2 &mcdkifEIef;rSm touf 60 ausmft&G,frsm;jzpfMuygonf/ atmufygZ,m;ü bkwftzGJU0ifrsm;tm; touft&G,f tydkif;tjcm;tvdkuf cGJjcm;jyxm;ygonf/

21

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

အသက ၆၀ ႏငအထက

အသက ၃၀ ေအာကအရြယ

အသက ၃၀ ႏင ၅၉ ၾကား

၂၉.၂၀ %

၁၅.၀၄ %

၅၅.၇၅ %

အပခ ပေရးဘတအဖြ႕၀ငမား၏ အသကအပငးအျခားမား

bkwftzGJU0ifta&twGuf = 130

jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh touft&G,fMuD;&ifholtrsm;pkrSm tpdk;&Xmersm;rS tjidrf;pm;,lvmMuolrsm;jzpfaMumif; tkyfpkvkdufaqG;aEG;yGJwGifyg0ifolrsm;u axmufjyMuygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm A[dkOD;pD;pepfESifh tom;uscJholrsm;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm tjcm;olrsm;\xifjrifcsufrsm; awmif;cHraebJ rdrdbmom qHk;jzwfcsufcs&onfudk ESpfoufolrsm;jzpfygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS t&m&SdMuD;rsm;onf wm0efcHrIESifh yGifhvif;jrifomrI oabmw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfxm;zdkYvdkygonf/

jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\acgif;aqmif 60 &mcdkifEIef;rSm bGJU&rsm;jzpfjyD;? r[mbGJU&olESifh a'gufwmbGJU&ol tenf;i,fom&Sdygonf/ wpfcsKdUrSm q&m0efrsm;jzpfMuonf/ atmufygZ,m;ü jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJU tpnf;udk OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKaeolrsm;tm; ynmt&nftcsif;tvdkuf cGJjcm;jyxm;ygonf/

jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;\ ynmt&nftcsif;rsm;

ynmt&nftcsif; acgif;aqmif&mcdkifEIef;

a'gufwmbGJU 0.83

r[mbGJU 8.33

½dk;½dk;bGJU 66.67

q&m0ef 7.5

tif*sifeD,m 0.83

a&SUae 1.67

"r®mp&d, 0.83

wuúodkvfausmif;om; 1.67

'Dyvdkrm 2.5

q,fwef;atmif 0.83

txufwef;ynm 4.17

tv,fwef;ynm 3.33

rlvwef;ynm 0.83

pkpkaygif; 100.00

acgif;aqmifOD;a& = 120

22

၅၄.၆၃ %

၂၁.၃၀ %

၂၀.၃၇ %

၀.၉၃ %

၂.၇၈ %

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

၁ ႏစ မ ၅ ႏစ

၆ ႏစ မ ၁၀ ႏစ

၁၁ ႏစ မ ႏစ ၂၀

၂၁ ႏစ မ ႏစ ၃၀

၃၁ ႏစ ႏင အထက

ေခါငးေဆာငမား၏ လကရအဖြ႕တြငးလပသက

wpfcsKdUacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm oufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;ü trIxrf;ouf 1 ESpfrS 5 ESpftwGif;&SdjyD;? wpfcsKdUrSm 10 ESpfausmfMum wm0efxrf;aqmifvmcJholrsm;jzpfygonf/ tzGJUtpnf;wpfckwnf;ü 36 ESpfausmf ESpfjr§KyfvkyfudkifvmcJhonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf;&Sdygonf/

vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;\ tzGJUwGif;vkyfouf


tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktm; pwifxlaxmifolrsm;onf xdkpOfuwnf;u OuúX? nTefMum;a&;rSL;? OD;aqmif nTefMum;a&;rSL; ponfh&mxl;rsm;udk ,lcJhMuaMumif; okawoejyKavhvmawGU&Sd&ygonf/ pDrHudef;nTefMum;a&;rSL;? udk,fa&;t&m&Sd? toif;0ifponfh &mxl;rsm;udkrl tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGJUu a&G;cs,fcefYxm;ygonf/ zGJUpnf;cgp jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckrS 0g&ifhacgif;aqmifwpfOD;uajymonfrSm –

ကၽြနေတာတြလပခတ INGO ေတြမာေတြ႕ရတာက ေတာေတာမားမားနာဂစန႔စလကတယ။ တစေယာကက ေစတနာန႔ ထေထာငလက

တယ။ Founder ျဖစလာတယ။ ထးစအတငးသတ႔က ရာသကပနသဘာပတ ျဖစခငတာ။ သတ႔စတညေထာငတနးကေတာဟတပါတယ။

ေစတနာအရသတ႔ကလပၾကတာမနတယ။ အဒေနရာကမဖယခငတာမးရသလ အားလး ကခပကငခငတယ။ သတ႔ရ႕အေၾကာငးျပခကက

ဘ႑ာေရးမႈး ခန႔လကတယ။ သကလပပငခြငမရဘး။ေငြစာရငးလပခငးတာေလာကပရတယ။သကခပကငထားတာကး။

ကၽြနေတာအေတြ႕အၾက တစခကေျပာရမယဆရင ပကဆေပးရမာကဒေန႔၊ ပကဆလာယလကေတာ ဘ႑ာေရးမႈးက မေပးႏငဘး။ သ႔မာ

Safe မရလ႔။ ပကဆသမးစရာ မရဘး။ ဟလကေသာယသြားလ႔ သကရြာဆငးသြားတာ။

ဖြ႕စညးခါစ ျပညတြငးအဖြ႕အစညးတစခမ ၀ါရငေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး

tzGJUtpnf;opf pwifxlaxmifoltcsKdUu tao;oHk;aiGudk udk,fwdkifxdef;odrf;udkifwG,favh&SdMuonf/ 0efxrf; 2-3 OD;wnf;jzifh tzGJUpwiftajcjyKaecsdefü acgif;aqmifvkyfolu tvkyfwm0eftrsKd;rsKd;udk wm0ef,l vkyfudkifonfrSm obm0usaomfvnf;? tzGJUtpnf; MuD;xGm;vmcsdefwGifrl 0efxrf;rsm;tm; tvkyfwm0ef toD;oD; cGJa0csxm;ay;oifhygonf/ c&pf,meftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü acgif;aqmifudk trsm;oabmqE´jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr§mufavh&Sdaomfvnf;? Ak'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGifrl ausmif;xdkkifq&mawmfonfom ysHvGefawmfrlonftxd wpforwfwnf; acgif;aqmifjzpfavh&Sdygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tqdkygbmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufonfhtcgwGifvnf; txufygtavhtxtwkdif;yif acgif;aqmifcefYxm;avh&Sdygonf/ xdkYjyif? Ak'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü txufrSatmufodkY trdefYay;apcdkif;onfhtusifh pGJjrJvsuf &Sdygonf/

23

၉.၃၈ %

၇၁.၈၈ %

၁၈.၇၅ %

ေခါငးေဆာငမႈပစအယ၀ါဒမား

အာဏာရငဆနသည

အပခပမႈပစ

၀နထမးအားလးသေဘာျဖငစ

မခခြသည အပခပမႈပစ

တာ၀နခြေ၀ေပးသညအပခပ

မႈပစ

3.4. t&yfzufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGifawGU&Sd&onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm; (rdrdudk,fudkqef;ppfcsufESifh 0efxrf;rsm;\tjrifudk EdIif;,SOfavhvmjcif;)

acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHqef;ppfcsuf yxrydkif;rSm tzGJJUtpnf;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHtvdkuf -tmPm&Sifqefaomacgif;aqmif? 0efxrf;tm;vHk;oabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJonfhacgif;aqmifESifh wm0efcGJa0ay;onfh acgif;aqmif – [lítrsKd;tpm; 3 rsKd;cGJjcm;Edkif&ef ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tmPm&Sifqefonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;onf vufatmufi,fom;rsm;xHrS tMuHÓPfr&,lbJ rnfonftvkyfudk rnfodkYjyKvkyfyg[k trdefYay;apcdkif;wwfMuonf/ 0efxrf;tm;vHk;oabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJonfhacgif;aqmifrsm;onf tjyD;owfqHk;jzwf csufudk udk,fwdkifcsrSwfaomfvnf; qHk;jzwfcsufcsonfhjzpfpOfwGif (bmvkyfrnf? b,fvdkvkyfrnf) vufatmufcH 0efxrf;rsm;tm; yg0ifaponf/ wm0efcGJa0ay;wwfonfhacgif;aqmifrsm;url vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;tm; udk,fydkifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; toD;oD;csrSwfaponf/ qHk;jzwfcsufESifhywfoufí wm0efcH&olrSm acgif;aqmifyifjzpfaomfvnf; vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;ü tajctaet&yf&yfudk cGJjcm;qef;ppfEdkifpGrf;? rnfonfhtvkyfudk rnfodkYjyKvkyfoifhaMumif; a0cGJEdkifpGrf;&SdMuygonf/

ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTm 1 rS&&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;


tmPm&Sifqefonfh tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHESifh oifhavsmfonfhtajctaerSm? jyóemudkajz&Sif;&ef vdktyfonfhowif;tcsuftvuftm;vHk; acgif;aqmifvkyfolu od&Sdxm;jyD;? ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef tcsdefvnf;enf;um? tajctaet&yf&yfudk vufatmufcH0efxrf;tm;vHk;u em;vnfvufcHEdkifonfhtcgrsKd;jzpfonf/ þyHkpHjzifh pDrH tkyfcsKyfonfhtcg wpfcgwpf&Hü atmf[pfajymqdkjcif;? *kPfodu©musqif;aponfh pum;rsKd;ajymjcif;? jcdrf;ajcmufjcif;ESifh tmPmudktvGJoHk;pm;vkyfjcif;rsm; &Sdvmwwfygonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaersKd;wGifom þyHkpHrsKd;jzifh tkyfcsKyfoifhygonf/

tqdkygtkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHrsKd;udk? acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufwnf;u OD;aqmifvnfywfaeonfh jrefrmvlrItzGJU tpnf;rsm;wGif trsm;qHk;awGU&wwfaMumif; 0g&ifhjynfwGif;tMuHay;yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;uajymygonf/ xdkokdYtkyfcsKyfavh&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYwufa&mufcJhonfh tpnf;ta0;rsm;rS Mum;odvmonfrsm;udk tjcm;0efxrf;rsm; tm; jyefvnftoday;avhr&SdMuyg/ ¤if;wdkYonf rdrd\0efxrf;rsm; tvkyftm;rtm;? vkyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdr&Sd ppfaq; ar;jref;jcif;rjyKbJ aemufqHk;tcsdefwGifuyfí nTefMum;csufrsm;ay;avh&Sdygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf ½Hk;wGif;rS t"du wm0efrsm;xuf ½Hk;jyifyvkyfief;rsm;tm; vkyfudkif&onfudk ydkíESpfoufwwfygonf/ &v'fum; atmufajc 0efxrf;rsm; vkyfief;tcsdefrDjyD;pD;atmif raqmif&GufEdkifjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ þppfwrf;aumuf,lrIwGif yg0ifcJhonfh 0efxrf;rsm;u? xdkuJhokdYaom acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh 'kwd,tqifhacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; vkyfief;wm0efrsm; cGJa0ay;oifhonf[k tMuHjyKMuygonf/

0efxrf;tm;vHk;oabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJonfhacgif;aqmifrsm;\? tjyD;owfqHk;jzwfcsufudk udk,fwdkifcsrSwf aomfvnf; qHk;jzwfcsufcsonfhjzpfpOfwGif (bmvkyfrnf? b,fvdkvkyfrnf) vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;tm; yg0if

24

aponfhvkyf&yfrSm tm;enf;onfhvu©Pmr[kwf? t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh vu©Pmjzpfygonf/ þacgif;aqmif rIyHkpHtm;? acgif;aqmifvkyfolu owif;tcsuftvuf wpfcsKdUwpf0ufudkom od&Sdxm;jyD; (acgif;aqmifu udpötm;vHk;rodEdkifyg) tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;u useftcsuftvufrsm;udk od&Sdxm;onfhtajctaersKd;wGif toHk;jyK Edkifonf/ þenf;tm;jzifh acgif;aqmifESifh vufatmufcH0efxrf;wdkY wpfOD;udkwpfOD; tjyeftvSeftusKd;jyKEdkif Muygonf/ acgif;aqmiftcsKdUrSm tzGJUudpörsm;udkvspfvsL½Ixm;um txdef;tuGyfavsmh&Jaeonfudkyif rdrdukd,fudk tzGJU0ifrsm;oabmus pDrHtkyfcsKyfol[k rSm;,Gif;rSwf,laeMuaMumif; 0g&ifhtwdkifyifcHyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;u ajymygonf/

wm0efcGJa0ay;wwfonfhacgif;aqmifrsm;onf vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;tm; udk,fydkifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; toD;oD;csrSwfapaomfvnf; qHk;jzwfcsufESifhywfoufírl ¤if;uwm0efcHygonf/ þacgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsKd;jzifh tkyfcsKyfonfhtcg vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;taejzifh tajctaet&yf&yfudk cGJjcm;qef;ppfEdkifpGrf;? rnfonfh tvkyfudk rnfodkYjyKvkyfoifhaMumif; a0cGJEdkifpGrf;&SdMuygonf/ odkYaomf? acgif;aqmifvkyfolu OD;pm;ay;tpDtpOf csrSwfjyD;? wpfcsKdUaomvkyfief;rsm;udkom wm0efcGJa0ay;oifhygonf/

0efxrf;rsm;tm; vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;rsm;ay;av? vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;tay: pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU\pDrHcefYcGJxdef;csKyfEdkifrIenf;avyifjzpfaMumif; txufazmfjyyg acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHjyum;csyft& ay:vGifaeygonf/

jrefrmt&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;wGif t"duusifhoHk;vsuf&SdonfrSm 0efxrf;tm;vHk;oabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHjzpfaMumif; ppfwrf;aumuf,lcsuft& od&Sd&onfrSm tvGefyiftm;&zG,fjzpfygonf/ wm0ef cGJa0ay;onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudkvnf; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY oHk;pGJvsuf&SdaMumif;awGU&ygonf/

odkYaomf? jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm acgif;aqmifwpfOD;\ wpfudk,fawmf OD;aqmifrIatmufwGif vnfywfaejcif;jzpfaMumif;wpfOD;csif;aqG;aEG;rI&v'frsm;unTefjyaeygonf/ &yf&GmtajcjyK vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm; (CBO) ESifh jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm ]]tzGJUtpnf;}} [lí yDyDjyifjyifrjzpfao;bJ? ]]tzGJU^tkyfpk}} tqifhom&Sdao;aomaMumifh qHk;jzwfp&m udpörSeforQ acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufwnf;u 'dkifcHqHk;jzwfae&jcif;jzpfygonf/ OD;wnftkyfpk aqG;aEG;yGJwpfckwGif yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJholrsm;u? jrefrmt&yfbufvlrI tzGJUtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;Mum;wGif trsm;qHk;awGU&onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH oHk;rsKd;&SdaMumif; axmufjyMuygonf/

25

Figure 1: Leadership Grid

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 2 4 6 8 10

Concern for Task

Conc

ern

for P

eopl

e

ပ ၁ - ေခါငးေဆာငမႈပစျပဇယား

1. vlyHktv,fwGif yg0gtmPmjyavh&SdjyD;? olôlr emrnfaumif;&atmif vkyfwwfonfhacgif;aqmif/ xdkacgif;aqmifrsKd;onf rdrd\tzGJUESifh OD;pGmrwdkifyifyJ jzpfEdkifajcr&Sdonfh (vufawGUrusonfh) uwdrsm; (wjcm;wGif) ay;cJhwwfonf/

2. rdrd\tzGJUtm; aemufuG,frSxdef;csKyfwwfonfhacgif;aqmif/ þacgif;aqmifrsKd;u olôlr\ aemufvdkufrsm;tm; vkyfydkifcGifhay;jcif;? oifMum;jyo(enf;vrf;jy)jcif; jyKwwfonf/ qHk;jzwfcGifh tmPmudkrl olôlrwpfOD;wnf;u csKyfudkifxm;onf/

3. pkaygif;tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHu tzGJUom;rsm;tm; trsm;oabmqE´jzifh qHk;jzwfcsuf csEdkifaponf/ rdrdwdkYtwGuf ta&;ygaom? rdrdwdkYtay: tusKd;oufa&mufrI&Sdaom ta&;udpörsm; ESifhywfoufí qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mü0efxrf;tm;vHk; rdrdwdkY\oabmxm;tjrifrsm;tm; vGwfvyfpGmwifjycGifh&Sdonf/

wpfcsKdUaomacgif;aqmifrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\aemufvdkuf(wynfh)rsm;tm; tzGJUtpnf;wGif;ü ac:,lcefYxm; wwfMuonf/ xdktcg rdrd\qEÉSifhudkufnDonfh ]trsm;oabmqE´} ay:xGufvmatmifjyKvkyfEdkifMuonf/ tqdkygacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm wynfharG;aejcif;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;trsm;tjym;yif þjzpf&yfrsKd;ESifh MuHKawGUae&onfrSm 0rf;enf;zG,fjzpfygonf/ tqdkygtrltusifhrsKd;ESifh jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ a'owGif;tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHudk apmifhMunfh ppfaq;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;wpfck xm;&Sdoifhygonf/

tzGJUtpnf;trsm;tjym;ü pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;xm;&SdMuaomfvnf;? tqdkygtzGJUrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ wm0efESifh0wå&m;rsm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnfoabmjcif;r&Sdyg/ odkYr[kwf tzGJJUESifhajymqdkqufoG,frI aumif;pGmrjyKvkyfMuyg/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;wdkYonf jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ a'owGif;tkyfcsKyfrIyHkpHudk apmifhMunfhppfaq;onfh wm0ef ,lEdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ ,if;tajctaeudk wdk;wufvmap&ef? pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU\tcef;u@udk wdwdusus owfrSwfxm;&efvdktyfygonf/ xdkYjyif? 0efxrf;rsm;\ tzGJUtpnf;pDrHtkyfcsKyfrIpGrf;&nf wdk;jrifhvmatmif jyKvkyf ay;&efvdkygonf/

acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHqef;ppfcsuf 'kwd,ydkif;ü acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHZ,m;uGufudk toHk;jyKíppfwrf;aumuf,l cJhygonf/ ar;cGef;vTmajzqdkolrsm;tm;? tmPm&Sifqefaomacgif;aqmif? trsm;ESifhoifhjrwfaomfvnf; vkyfief;ydkif;ütm;enf;aomacgif;aqmif? bufpHktm;enf;aomacgif;aqmifESifh acgif;aqmifaumif;qdkonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHav;rsKd;xJrS a&G;cs,fckdif;ygonf/ ajzqdkoltm;vHk;u ]]acgif;aqmifaumif;}} udka&G;cs,fMuyg onf/ (yHk- 1)

jrefrmhjynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;&Sd acgif;aqmifrsm;Mum;wGifawGU&Sd&onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH matrix udk atmufygZ,m;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

26

tmPm&Sifqefonfhacgif;aqmifrsm; (vkyfief;ydkif;tm;oef? qufqHa&;raumif;)rSm trsm;tm;jzifh vkyfief;jyD;pD;a&;twGufom tm½Hkxm;jyD;? vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;tm; zdESdyfqufqH (tmPm&Sifqef)avh&Sd ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf twlyl;wGJaqmif&Gufjcif;udk cGifhjyKavhr&Sdyg/ xdkYjyif? vkyfief;jyD;pD;&rnffh &ufcsdef;ESifh ywfoufívnf; tvGefwif;Muyfavh&Sdygonf/ xdkuJhokdYaom acgif;aqmifrsm;onf? ¤if;wdkYapcdkif;onfhtwdkif; 0efxrf;rsm;u tar;tjref;r&Sd? tajctwifaqG;aEG;rIr&SdbJ vdkufemaqmif&Gufvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhxm; wwfygonf/ trSm;t,Gif;rjzpfatmif umuG,fjcif;xuf? wpfpHkwpfckrSm;,Gif;oGm;ygu tjcm;oltay: tjypfzdkY &efom tm;oefavh&Sdygonf/ tqdkygacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm ¤if;wdkYESifhoabmxm;uGJvGJonfudk vHk;0onf;cHEdkifpGrf; r&SdMuonfjzpf&m? vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkYod&SdwwfuRrf;xm;onfrsm;jzifh tzGJUvkyfief;rsm;tm; yHhydk;jznfhqnf;Edkif&ef tvGefcufcJygonf/ xdkYtwl 0efxrf;rsm; zGHUjzdK;wdk;wuf&efvnf; tvGefcJ,Of;ygonf/

trsm;ESifhoifhjrwfaomfvnf; vkyfief;ydkif;ütm;enf;onfhacgif;aqmifrsm; (vkyfief;ydkif;tm;enf;? qufqHa&;aumif;) onf 0efxrf;rsm; pnf;urf;vdkufemMuap&ef? tzGJU&nfrSef;csufrsm; jyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif&GufMuap&ef qkcsD;jr§ifhonfhenf;udktoHk;jyKMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf 'Pfay;jcif;? EdkifxufpD;eif;jyKjcif;? vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmudktoHk;csjcif;ponfhenf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKavhr&SdMuyg/ taMumif;rSm? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;ysufjym;rnfpdk;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/

bufpHktm;enf;aomacgif;aqmif (vkyfief;ydkif;tm;enf;? qufqHa&;raumif;) rsm;? wenf;qdk&aomf wm0efcGJay;jyD;aemuf udk,fwdkifaysmufaewwfaomacgif;aqmifrsm;onf 0efxrf;rsm;\tvdkudkvdkufavsm avh&SdjyD;? tzGJUtpnf;a&m 0efxrf;rsm;ESifhyg uif;uGmaewwfygonf/

acgif;aqmifaumif; (vkyfief;ydkiftm;aumif;? qufqHa&;aumif;) rsm;onf pHerlemjyonfhenf;jzifh tkyfcsKyfavh&SdMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tzGJUtpnf;ywf0ef;usifaumif;wpfck zefwD;ay;jyD;? tzGJU&nfrSef;csufrsm;atmifjrifatmifaqmif&GufMu&ef 0efxrf;rsm;tm; wGef;tm;ay;ygonf/ xdkYjyif? 0efxrf;tcsif;csif;Mum;ü qufqHa&;wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmatmifvnf; tqufrjywfMudK;yrf;avh&Sdygonf/ xdkuJhokdYaomacgif;aqmifrsm; onf atmifjrifaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm; zGJUpnf;Edkif? OD;aqmifEdkifMuygonf/

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27

odkYaomf? jynfwGif;vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;trsm;tjym;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhzl;onfh 0g&ifhtMuHay;yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;ESifh IDI jyKvkyf&mrS ay:xGufvmonfh&v'frsm;ESifh? tcsKdUaomtzGJUacgif;aqmifrsm;? 'kwd,tqifhacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh FGD &v'frsm;rSmrl? tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJü ppfwrf;aumuf,l&&SdcJhonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH udk,fwkdifqef;ppfcsuf &v'frsm;ESifh uGJvGJvsuf&Sdygonf/ txufazmfjyyg yk*¾dKvfrsm;\tjrifü acgif;aqmifrsm;ü tm;enf;csufrsm;&Sdaeygonf/ jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfckrS vli,facgif;aqmifwpfOD;\ ajymMum;csufrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfygonf-

ကၽြနေတာျမငတာကေတာ LNGO ေတြမာျဖစေနတ Leadership ၄မးေလာကေတြရတယ။ ကမၸဏစတငသြားေနတာရတယ။ Share value

န႔သြားေနတာရတယ။ Bossy Style သြားေနတာရတယ။ မသားစပစသြားေနတာရတယ။ ကမၸဏစတငလ႔ေျပာတအခနမာ Fully Structure

အတငး သြားတယ။ ဒါေပမယ သတ႔က Achievement အတြကေတာ ျဖစခငတာမဟတဘန႔ Profit အတြက အဓကထားၿပးသြားေနတယ။

နာမညႀကးဖ႔က အဓကထားတယ၊ သတ႔မသတ႔ေပါ။ သတ႔ပေတာတယ၊ သတ႔ပတတတယဆတာမး။ ဒါကမေကာငးတအခကေတာ

မဟတဘး။ Over Confident ျဖစလြနးအားႀကးၿပးေတာ Structure အရ၊ Management အရဆရငေတာေကာငးပါတယ။ ကမၸဏ

စတငျဖစတအတြက Top Down ပျဖစေနတယ။ ဒလလပ၊ ဒကသြားဆတ Structure အတငးပျဖစေနတယ။ Bossy Style န႔

သြားေနတဟာကေတာ Management Level မာ အရမး Proud ျဖစခငၾကတယ။ Who is the Boss? We do not know. .......

ေနာကအဖြ႕အစညးတစခကေတာ Family Type ပစ။ ငါတ႔မသားစပကြာ။ ၀ငးလပ၀ငးစားေပါ။ ၀ငးလပ၀ငးစားဆေပမယ

လပတအခနပလပရတာ၊ စားတအခနကေတာ သတ႔အတထကပထညသြားတာ။ အဒါ Family Type ။ ေနာကတစခ Share Value။

ညညမမ။ တကယမမတတလပတယ။ AIDS Prevention လပမယ။ မငးလညးစတ ၀ငစားတယ။ ငါလညးစတ၀ငစားတယ။ တတညညန႔

အလပတစခကလပတယ။ ....... LNGO မာ Share Value န႔သြားတပစ အရမး နညးတယ။ နညးတာမ လကေခာငး ၃ ေခာငးေတာင

မျပညေသးဘး။

ျပညတြငးအဖြ႕အစညးတစခမ လငယေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး၏ ေျပာၾကားခက

ol\tqdkt&? acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH av;rsKd;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm- (1) ukrÜPDpwdkif (2) tvkyf&Sif tMuD;tuJpwdkif (3) rdom;pkyHkpHESifh (4) pdwf0ifpm;rIwlolcsif;rQrQwwyl;aygif;vkyfudkifMuonfh tzGJUrsm;üusihfoHk;onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH (shared value type) wdkYjzpfonf/ ukrÜPDpwdkif acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tzGJUtpnf;tm; ukrÜPDwpfckozG,f tkyfcsKyfMujyD;? tusKd;tjrwf&&Sda&;udkom t"duOD;wnfMuonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tzGJUtpnf;tusKd;xuf yk*¾dKvfa&;atmifjrifrItwGuffom MudK;yrf;tm;xkwfavh&SdMuygonf/ xdkuJhokdYaom acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; atmufajc0efxrf;rsm;u ,HkMunfrIvGefuJolrsm;tjzpf ½IjrifMuygonf/ t&m&m odonf? wwfonf[k rdrdudk,fudkrSwf,lxm;olrsm;jzpfí tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;\ tjrifudkvspfvsL½IwwfMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh ¤if;wdkY\ pDrHcefYcGJrIyHkpHonfvnf; txufrSatmufodkY trdefYay;onfh yHkpHrsKd;jzpfaewwfygonf/ tvkyf&SiftMuD;tuJpwdkif acgif;aqmifrsm;udk 0ifh0garmf<uGm;onfh pDrHcefYcGJa&;tzGJUrsm;wGifawGU&wwfonf/ acgif;aqmifawGrsm;oavmuf wu,fhtMuD;tuJu aysmufaewwfonf/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU0iftm;vHk;u ]acgif;aqmif}rsm;csnf; jzpfaeaomaMumifh qHk;jzwfcGifhtmPmudk trSefwu,fudkifpGJxm;olrSm rnfoljzpfaMumif; atmufajc0efxrf;rsm; rod&SdMuawmhyg/

rdom;pkyHkpHjzifhpDrHtkyfcsKyfonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;ajymavh&SdonfrSm ]igwdkY[m rdom;pkyJ? 0kdif;vkyf 0kdif;pm; Mur,f} [líjzpfonf/ odkYaomf vufawGUü? tvkyfvkyfonfhtcgwGifom wpfzGJUvHk; 0dkif;vkyf&jyD;? tusKd;aus;Zl;cHpm;onfhtcg acgif;aqmifwpfOD;wnf;uom odrf;usKH;cHpm;oGm;avh&Sdygonf/

Shared value acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrSm txufazmfjyyg acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH 3 ckESifhrwlyg/ acgif;aqmif tyg t0if tzGJU0iftm;vHk;rSm wlnDaomqE´? wlnDaomwefzdk;xm;rIrsm;udk tajcjyKí tzGJUudkwnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ uRrf;usifrIESifh ESpfjr§KyfvkyfudkifrItwdkif;twmay:rlwnfí vccGJa0,lMuonf/ 'g½dkufwmtzGJU0ifrsm; rSm tcrJh tMuHay;? vrf;nTefaeonfh apwemh0efxrf;rsm;jzpfMuygonf/ odkYaomf? jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;ü þtzGJUtpnf;rsKd;&Sm;ygonf/

28

tkyfpkvkdufaqG;aEG;yGJwGif yg0ifolrsm;\ tawGUtMuHKt&? tqdkygtzGJUtpnf;rsKd;onf pDrHudef;umvyD;aemuf 4-5 ESpf xufydkíwnfwHhavhr&SdaMumif;? taMumif;rSm 0efxrf;tm;vHk; vpmr&&SdaomaMumifhjzpfonf[kqdkygonf/ jyifyrS aoG;xdk;aphaqmfrIrsm;aMumifh tzGJU0ifcsif;pdwf0rf;uGJum tzGJUysuf&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh topfpufpuf jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifi,frsm;u tqdkygerlemrsm;udkMunfhjyD; ¤if;wdkY\tzGJUtpnf;rsm; MuD;rm;us,fjyefY vmrnfudk rvdkvm;Muyg/

pkaygif;tkyfcsKyfrI

tzGJJJUtpnf;wpfckü acgif;aqmifomru 0efxrf;tm;vHk;wGifyg acgif;aqmifrItcef;u@ toD;oD;&SdMuonf[k jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS 'kwd,tqifhacgif;aqmifrsm;u ,HkMunfMuygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonfvnf; vdktyfygu qHk;jzwfcsufcscGifh &Sd&rnf? xdkokdYjyKvkyfEdkif&ef pDrHcefYcGJrItzGJUu vkyfydkifcGifhay;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ajymif;vJay:aygufvmrnfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHopfü vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;tm; vkyfydkifcGifhtmPmcGJa0ay;onfhpepf rjzpfraeyg0if&rnf[k 'kwd,tqifh acgif;aqmifi,frsm;u ajymygonf/ odkYaomf xkdokdYcGifhjyKxm;ygu tmPmtvGJoHk;pm;rIrsm; ay:aygufvmEdkifygonf/ xkdYaMumifh ta&;tMuD;qHk; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk xdyfqHk;tqifhacgif;aqmifrsm;om jyKvkyfcGifh&SdaeOD;rnfjzpfonf/ taumif;qHk;qdkonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY&,loGm;jyD; tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;tm; tao;pm;rufvHk;rsm;jzifh csefxm;cJhrnfjzpfonf/ tkyfpkvkdufaqG;aEG;yGJwGifyg0ifoltcsKdUu tcGifhta&;rufvGef;onfh acgif;aqmifrsm;taMumif; rausrcsrf;ajymqdkMuonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hü t&m&Sdrsm;onf jzpfay:aeonfh tajctaetcsKdUudk zHk;uG,f&efMudK;pm;Muonf/ vkyfief;cGifü jzpfysufaeonfh tajctaewpfckESifhywfoufí 0efxrf;rsm;u wdkifwef;ajymqdkvmonfhtcg xdkudpöESifhywfoufí rdrdrod&Sd&ao;yg[kjiif;jyD; (pifppf tenf;i,fod&Sdxm;aomfvnf;) acgif;aqmifydkif;udk tumuG,fay;wwfMuonf/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;t&m&Sdrsm;tqifhü yGifhvif;jrifomrIESifh wm0ef,lrI&Sd&eftvGefvdktyfygonf/

aumif;rGefonfhacgif;aqmifrIyHkpH

jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; a'ocHacgif;aqmifrsm;u pDrHcefYcGJtkyfcsKyfonfom taumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm a'owGif;rS aemufcHtajctaeESifh atmufajcvlwef;pm;\ taetxm;udk a'ocHrsm; uom todqHk;jzpfíyif/ odkYaomf? acgif;aqmiftrsm;pkrSm A[dkOD;pD;pepfESifh tom;usvmcJholrsm;jzpfí 0efxrf; rsm;tm; wif;MuyfpGmcsKyfudkifwwfjyD;? tcGifhta&;,lwwfMuygonf/ tawGUtMuHK&ifhusufonfh jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rSacgif;aqmifwpfOD;u –

စနစကမမနေတာ ကၽြနေတာတ႔ကလညး ဂြငက ၾကညၿပးေတာ လပေနရတယ။ ေခါငးေဆာငေတြမာလညး အလ Skill ေတြေတာရပါတယ။

အေျခအေနန႔အခနအခါက သးသပၿပးေတာ လပေဆာငႏငတယေပါ။

ျပညတြငးအဖြ႕အစညးမ ေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး

A[dkOD;pD;pepfatmufü ESpfaygif; 50 ausmfMumaevmcJh&jcif;aMumifh ,aeYacwfzGHUjzdK;a&;e,fy,fwGif vkyfudkifaeMuonfh jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tajctaeESifhtcsdeftcgudkvdkufí oifhawmfovdkaqmif&Guf wwfMuygonf/ jrefrmt&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifwpfOD;wGif&Sdtyfonfht&nftcsif;rSm MuHKMudKufvmonfh taetxm;wGif tqifajyatmif aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;yifjzpfygonf/ tkyfpkvkduf aqG;aEG;yGJwGifyg0ifcJholwpfOD;u atmufyg Oyrmudkay;ygonf –

29

အခနးထကဘယလ၀ငမယ၊ ဘယလထြကမယဆတာက ပညာပါပ။ .... အစးရဌာနေတြကေျပာထားတယ။ တခါးပတမထားပါဘး။

မနတယ၊ တြနးၿပး၀ငရတယ။ အဖြငမေတာရင ကယကျပနရကတတတယ။ အဒခနး၀င၊ ခနးထြကမတတရငလညး အလယေကာငမာ

ညပတတတယ။ ....

ျပညတြငးလမႈအဖြ႕အစညးတစခမ ဒတယအဆငေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး

vli,ftrsm;pku EdkifiHwumvlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh jynfwGif;vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü 0efxrf;vkyf&onfxuf? acgif;aqmifqdkonfh*kPfudk ydkírufMuonf/ þonfrSm vli,facgif;aqmifrsm;Mum;ü aumif;aomajymif;vJwdk;wufrIwpfckjzpfonf[k tkyfpkvdkufaqG;aEG;yGJwGifyg0ifolrsm;uqdkonf/ EdkifiHwumvlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf; rsm;ESifhpmaomf jynfwGif;vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\vkyfief;toHk;p&dwfrSm ododomomavsmhenf; ygonf/ þonfudk tm;omcsufwpfcktjzpf jynfwGif;vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmiftrsm;pku ,lqMuygonf/

jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;&Sd acgif;aqmifrsm;Mum;ü ajymif;vJjyKjyif&rnfhudpö&yfrsm;

FGD ESifh IDI &v'frsm;t& jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;ü txufrSatmufodkY nTefMum;apcdkif;onfhenf;jzifh tkyfcsKyfonfhyHkpHudk tvGeftawGU&rsm;ygonf/ xkduJhokdYaom acgif;aqmifrsm;ü udk,fydkifaemufvdkuf0efxrf; tkyfpkrsm;&SdMujyD;? tpdk;&½Hk;Xmersm;? vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif awGU&wwfygonf/wynfharG;jcif;udk tzGJUtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif awGU&wwfygonf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\aemufvdkufrsm;tm; txl; tcGifhta&;rsm;ay;avh&SdjyD;? tumtuG,fvnf;ay;wwfygonf/ acgif;aqmifvkyfolu ¤if;\aemufvdkufrsm;ajympum;udk t<uif;r&Sd,HkMunfMuonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hü tqdkygaemufvdkufrsm;rSm atmufajctqifh0efxrf;rsm;omjzpfaomfvnf;? MuD;Muyfa&;rSL;rsm;ESifh refae*smrsm;ü ¤if;wdkYtm; xdef;csKyfEdkifonhftcGifhtmPm r&SdMuyg/ þenf;tm;jzifh tzGJUwGif;jyóemrsm; pwifay:aygufvmonf/ xdkuJhokdYaom tzGJUtpnf;rsKd;ü yGifhvif;jrifomrIESifh wm0efcHrI tm;enf;wwfonf/ tmPmESifh aiGaMu;tvGJoHk;pm;rIrsm;&Sdwwfonf/ xdktjzpfrsKd;rS a&SmifMuOfEdkif&ef tzGJUwGif;ü wm0efESifh0wå&m;rsm; wdusjywfom;pGmcsrSwfxm;&efvdktyfaMumif; 'kwd,tqifhacgif;aqmifrsm;u tav;teuf tMuHjyKMuygonf/

wpfcsKdUacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm ta&;MuD;onfhudpörsm;aqmif&Guf&rnfhtpm; tao;trTm;udpörsm;tm; pDrH cefYcGJjcif;jzifh tzdk;weftcsdefudk jzKef;ypfaeMuonf/ jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmiftrsm;pkrSm tod^twwfynm topfwpfck oif,ljcif;twGuftcsdefay;&ef tvGefwGefYwdkwwfMuonf/ xdkYjyif? ynmopfwpfck wwfajrmufvmonfhwdkif ¤if;twdkif;ajymif;vJusifhoHk;&ef tvGef0efav;Muonf/ (xkdokdYoif,ljyD;rS toHk;rcsonfhynmrsm;udk) tkyfpkvdkufaqG;aEG;yGJwGifyg0ifolrsm;u ]r,lvdkufEkdifonfh oifcef;pmrsm;} [k&nfnTef;ajymqdkMuonf/ wpfcsKdUaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u emrnfysufpm&if;xkwfjyefjyD; tjcm;vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xH pm&if;ydkYavh&Sdonf/ emrnfysufpm&if;oGif;cH&olrsm;rSm tzGJUrS xGufcGmoGm;olrsm;ESifh trSm;wpfckck jyKvkyfcJholrsm;jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hü xdkuJhokdYpm&if;oGif;cH&onfh 0efxrf;rSm tzGJUtpnf;rSxGufcGmoGm;jcif;rSty tjcm;rnfonfh trSm;t,Gif;wpfpHkwpf&mrQ usL;vGefcJhol r[kwfyg/ emrnfysufpm&if;xkwfjyefjcif;rSm vHk;0vufrcHEdkifonfh aqmif&GufrIwpfckjzpfonf[k tkyfpkvdkufaqG;aEG;yGJwGif yg0ifolrsm;u ajymMujyD;? xdkokdYjyKvkyfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;udkvnf; tjyif;txefa0zefMuygonf/

3.5. jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf pHerlemacgif;aqmifrIyHkpH

tzGJUtpnf;trsm;pku tvI&Sifrsm;a&m? EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhyg aumif;pGmqufqHvkyfudkif EdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh 0g&ifh ]vlawmf}acgif;aqmifrsKd;udk vdkvm;Muonf/ tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;uyif tzGJUtpnf;

30

rSwfyHkwifonfhtcg t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh tkyfcsKyfa&;bkwftzGGJU0ifESifh qufqHvdkMuonf/ FGD ESifh IDI jyKvkyfcJh olrsm;url ]awmf}onfhacgif;aqmifxuf ]aumif;}onfhacgif;aqmifudk tvdk&SdMuonf/

အဖြ႕အစညးကဥးေဆာငမယသဟာ လေတာထကလေကာငးျဖစဖ႔က ပအေရးႀကးတယ။ သသည ဒအဖြ႕အစညးက ကယစားျပမယသ၊

ကင၀တပငးညစႏြမးမႈရရင ဒအဖြ႕အစညးဟာဘယေလာကပေကာငးေကာငး၊ ဘယေလာကပေတာေတာ၊ ဘယေလာကပေအာငျမင

ေအာငလပျပလပျပ လေတြကသ႔အေပၚကအယအၾကညရမာ မဟတဘး။ သ႔ရ႕စတဓာတ၊ ကယရညကယေသြး၊ အကငတရားေတြဟာ

ပအေရးႀကးတယ။ ကၽြနေတာတ႔ဆးျဖတထားတာက ေခါငးေဆာငသည လေတာထကလေကာငးျဖစရမယ။ လေကာငးကပ မေပးၿပး

တငမယ။

အသစဖြ႕စညးခါစ ျပညတြငးအဖြ႕အစညးတစခမ လငယေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး

jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkonf pepfESifhrl0g' csrSwf&mwGiftm;enf;Muonf/ tzGJUtpnf;wpfck\rl0g'onf acgif;aqmif\ yifudkp½dkufay:wGif wnfrSDaeonf/ acgif;aqmifajymif;oGm;vQif ]rl}vnf;ajymif;oGm;wwfonf/ pepfwpfck rnfrQyifaumif;apumrl? acgif;aqmifvkyfolu aumif;pGmvkdufemusifhoHk;ygrS tusKd;&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh acgif;aqmifa&m rl0g'yg nDwlnDrQta&;ygygonf/

jrefrm civil society \ rsKd;qufopfrsm;u acgif;aqmifaumif;qdkonfrSm aemufvkdufaumif;vnf; jzpf&rnf[k xifjrifMuonf/ acgif;aqmifaumif;rSefvQif pepftwkdif; aumif;pGmvdkufemEdkif&ef vdktyfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

ေနာကလကေကာငးဆတာ ေရ႕ကေျပာသမက မကစစမတၿပး လကတသကလညး ေနာက လကေကာငး မဟတဘး။ စဥးစားခငခနႏငတ

အသဥာဏရရမယ။ မရငးတာက ျပနေမးရမယ။ သ႔မာ ဖြငထားတႏလးသား ရရမယ။ ၾကးစားမႈရရမယ။ သညးခစတရရမယ။

ေခါငးေဆာငေတြဆက သငယႏငရမယ။ ကနတသေတြကလညး မေ၀ေပးႏငရမယ။

အသစဖြ႕စညးခါစ ျပညတြငးအဖြ႕အစညးတစခမ လငယေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး

wpfcsKdUrSm arG;&mygacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf acgif;aqmifvkyfEdkifrnfh tcGifhta&;rSeforQ trdt& &,lwwfjyD;? tjcm;olrsm;uvnf; ¤if;wdkYtm; acgif;aqmiftjzpf tvdktavsmuf vufcHwifajrmuf Muonf/ þokawoewGifyg0ifonfh vli,facgif;aqmiftrsm;pku a':atmifqef;pkMunfonf ¤if;wdkY\pHerlemjyyk*¾dKvfjzpfonf[k ajymMuygonf/

acgif;aqmifvkyfolonf rdrd\trSm;udkvnf; 0efcHwwf&rnfjzpfonf/ rdrd\ vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm; tm; ,HkMunfpdwfcspGm wm0efcGJa0ay;jcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\pGrf;&nfrsm; jrifhwufvmapoifhonf/ xdkYjyif pdwfcHpm;rI qdkif&mÓPf&nf (emotional intelligence) jrifhrm;jyD;? tem*wfacgif;aqmifrsm; arG;xkwfay;EdkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf[k yg0ifaqG;aEG;olrsm;uajymygonf/

3.6. EkdifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mwGif vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;\ tcef;u@EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufzkdYqkdonfrSm tpdk;&wpfckwnf;\ wm0efr[kwfyg/ EdkifiHawmf

wnfaqmufa&;wm0efrSm vlwdkif;ESifhoufqdkifygonf/ tpdk;&u tjynfht0 raqmif&GufEdkifonfhae&mrsm;wGif vlrI tzGUJtpnf;rsm;u jznffhpGufvkyfudkifoifhonf[k aqG;aEG;yGJwufa&mufvmolrsm;u ajymygonff/ vlrItzGUJtpnf; rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;u wpfwyfwpftm; yg0ifaqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ EdkifiHawmfzGHUjzdK;a&;twGuf tpdk;&ESifh vlrI tzGUJtpnf;rsm; twlvufwGJ vkyfudkifoifhygonf/ tpdk;&taejzifh vlxkESifheD;eD;uyfuyf vkyfief;aqmif&Gufaeonfh vlrItzGUJtpnf;rsm;xHrS owif;tcsuftvuf&,ljcif;? ¤if;wdkYaumif;pGmraqmif&GufEdkifonfhudpörsm;udk vlrI tzGUJtpnf;rsm;tm; wm0efcGJa0ay;jcif; jyKoifhygonf/

31

ျမနမာ ႏငငမာ ေပၚလစ ေျပာငးေနျပ။ ဥေရႊမနး၊ဥသနးစန၊ေဒၚစလညးေျပာတယ။ကမဘယေလာကပ ေရ႕က သြားသြား ျပညသေတြက

အဓကပါပ။ အဒေတာ ကေနာတ႕က အစးရကလညးကညရမယ။ ပါတေခါငးေဆာငေတြကလညးကညရမယ။ ျပညသေတြကလညး

ဆြေခၚရမယ။ အဒသးခယၾကညမတညေဆာကလကရင ကေနာတ႔တငးျပည ေကာငးသြားျပး။ ဗလကစးမးခငတသေတြက ဖယထတ

ရမယ။ အမနတရားကသေအာင လပရမာက CSO ကေခါငးေဆာငေတြရတာ၀နျဖစတယ။

ျပညတြငးလမႈအဖြ႕အစညးတစခမ ေခါငးေဆာငတစဥး

vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf ormorwfusjyD;? wdkif;jynfzGHUjzdK;a&;twGufom t"duOD;wnfaqmif&Guf&rnf/ vlxkpGrf;tm; jynhf0vma&; aqmif&Gufay;&ef tvGefta&;MuD;onf/ jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf vlxkudk,fwkdifyg0iftkyfcsKyfonfhtavhtxrsm; &yf&GmxJü jyefYESHYvmatmif jyKvkyfoifhonf/ xdkYjyif? ¤if;wdkYonf vltrsm;tm; nifompGmpnf;½Hk;odrf;oGif;wwfvmatmif ESvHk;om;jzifhcHpm;jyD; oif,lavhvmMuzdkYvdkygonf/

oabmw&m;tm;jzifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf tvI&Sifrsm;\vTrf;rdk;jc,fvS,frIrS vGwfuif;&rnfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf vlrItzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkrSm tvI&Siftvdkus aqmif&GufaeMu&onf/ xdkYaMumifh jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf tpdk;&ESifh EdkifiHwumtvI&Sifrsm;udkcsnf; tm;udk;raebJ? jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;u@rS &efyHkaiGrsm;&&Sdvmatmif tm;MudK;rmefwuf aqmfMopnf;½Hk;ajymqdkMu&ef vdkygonf/

vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;onf tzGJUtpnf;wpfckudk OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKae&½Hkjzifh wif;wdrfraeoifhyg/ t&yfbufrlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfckvHk; wdk;wufvmatmif ,ckxufydkrdkMudK;yrf;aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ t"du owif;tcsuftvufay;olrsm;u vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh ntcsdefrawmf {nfhpm&if;vmppfrSmraMumuf&onfh jidrf;csrf;aom urÇmwpfckjzpfxGef;ay:aygufvmatmif MudK;yrf;oifhonf[k tMuHay;xm;ygonf/

32

4/ ed*Hk;csKyfESifh tMuHjyKcsufrsm;

4.1. tzGJUtpnf;tqifhwGif t&yfbufvlUtzGJtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;\tcef;u@

ppfwrf;aumuf,lcsufrsm;t&? jrefrmt&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH 3 rsKd;vHk; - tmPm&Sifqefaom acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH? 0efxrf;tm;vHk;oabmjzifh pDrHcefYcGJonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHESifh wm0efcGJa0ay;onfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH – rsm;tm; usihfoHk;vsuf&SdaMumif;awGU&Sd&onf/ acgif;aqmiftrsm;tjym;yif 'kwd,ESifh wwd,acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm;udk usifhoHk;vsuf&SdonfrSm tm;&zG,fjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf tkyfpkvdkuf aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyfolrsm;\tjrifrSmrl txufygawGU&SdcsufESifhuGJvGJvsuf&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYu acgif;aqmiftrsm;pkrSmtmPm&Sifqefonf? txufrSatmufodkY trdefYay;apcdkif;onfhyHkpHudkESpfoufonf [kcHpm;Mu&onf/ ,ckuJhodkY EdkifiHawmf\ tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk 'Drdkua&pDtoGifodkY ul;ajymif;aecsdefü t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;uvnf; 'Drdkua&pDqefaom acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudk udkifpGJjcif;jzifh wpfzufwpfvrf;rS taxmuftuljyKEdkifygonf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tzGGJUtpnf;\&nfrSef;csufrsm; jynfh0atmifaqmif&Guf&mü jynfolvlxk\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhygonf/

a&S;OD;pGm? acgif;aqmifonf rdrd\acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrSm rnfonfhyHkpHrsKd;jzpfonf? þyHkpHü rnfonfh tm;enf;csuf? tm;omcsuffrsm;&Sdonfudk od&Sdxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ odkYrSom? rdrd\ acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudk ydkrdkaumif; rGefatmif jyKjyifEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ jrefrmh]pH} t&qdkaomf acgif;aqmifaumif;wpfa,mufwGif&Sdtyfonfh yifudk,f t&nftcsif; 6 &yf&Sdygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm- (1) udk,fydkiftpGrf;tp (2) Edk;Mum;wuf<urI (3) pmemwwfrI (4) pdwf&Snfonf;cHwwfrI (5) w&m;rQwjyD; n§mwmaxmufxm;wwfrIESifh (6) tajr§mftjrif&SdrI wdkYyifjzpfonf/ (]]xMuG? Edk;Mum;? oem;? oD;cH? a0zef? axmuf&I þajcmufck? BuD;olwdkU0efwm}} [laom em,u*kPfajcmufyg;tm; &nfnTef;onf/)

xdkYaMumifh? acgif;aqmifvkyfolonf udk,fydkiftpGrf;tp&Sd&rnf? tajctaewpf&yfray:aygufrD MudKwif awG;awmodjrifum vdktyfonfhMudKwifjyifqifrIrsm;jyKvkyfEdkifpGrf; &Sd&rnfjzpfonf/ acgif;aqmifonf tzGJUwGif;a&m tzGJUjyifytajctaersm;udkyg od&Sdem;vnfum Edk;Mum;ae&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif pmemoem;wwfolvnf; jzpfzdkYvdkonf/ ol^olronf tjcm;olrsm;\tjzpfudk udk,fcsif;pmEdkkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf/ trSm;rSoifcef;pm,lEdkifavmuf atmifvnf; pdwf&SnfzdkYvdkonf/ acgif;aqmifonf rQwrI&SdjyD;? ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmavhvmEdkifpGrf;vnf; &Sd&rnf jzpfonf/ tajr§mftjrif&SdjyD;? tzGJUtpnf;ESifhywfoufí &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfh tem*wftjrif&SdzdkYvnf;vdkonf/ jrefrmht&yf bufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh txufazmfjyyg t&nftaoG;rsm;ESifhjynfhpHkatmifMudK;pm;jcif;jzifh rdrd\tzGJU&Sd0efxrf;rsm;twGufa&m? tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&Sdonfh jynfolvlxkxHrSyg ½dkaoav;pm;jcif;cH&rnfjzpfonf/ acgif;aqmifrIqdkif&mudpörsm;ESifhywfoufí jynfwGif;tzGJUtpnf;tawmfrsm;rsm;ESifh vufwGJvkyfudkifzl;onfh 0g&ifhtMuHay;yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;u tzGJUtpnf;trsKd;tpm; 4 rsKd;&Sdonf [kqdkygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm –

1. uRrf;usifrIr&Sdonfh acgif;aqmif? uRrf;usifrIr&Sdonfh aemufvdkufrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtzGJU2. uRrf;usifrIr&Sdonfh acgif;aqmif? uRrf;usifonfh aemufvdkufrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtzGJU3. uRrf;usifonfh acgif;aqmif? uRrf;usifrIr&Sdonfh aemufvdkufrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtzGJU4. uRrf;usifonfh acgif;aqmif? uRrf;usifonfh aemufvdkufrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onfhtzGJU

jrefrmht&yfbufvlrItzGUJtpnf;rS jynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;trsm;pkonf 'kwd,ESifh wwd,trsKd;tpm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfonf [k tMuHay;yk*¾dKvfu ,lqygonf/ yxrESifhpwkw¬trsKd;tpm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk jrefrmEdkfifiHwGif awGU&cJvSygonf/ wwd,trsKd;tpm;tzGJJUwpfzGJUudk pwkw¬trsKd;tpm;jzpfvmatmif tvG,fwulajymif;vJ,lEdkifonf/ taMumif;rSm tzGJUxJü uRrf;usifonfh0efxrf;tcsKdU yg0ifEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ odkYjzpf&m? tzGJUtpnf;wpfckudk tajymif;tvJjyKvkyf&mwGif pHerlemjyyk*¾dKvfrsm; txl;vdktyfvSygonf/ pHerlemxm;xdkufoljzpfzdkY&m acgif;aqmif\ÓPf&nfonf tvGefYtvGefrjrifhrm;onfhwdkif aemufvdkufrsm;xufawmh

33

omzdkYvdkonf/ xdkYtwl? ol^olr\ pdwfcHpm;rI? pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESifh ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m ÓPf&nfrsm;vnf; olwumxuf omae&rnfjzpfygonf/ tqdkygt&nftaoG;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkonfhacgif;aqmifrsm;onf tjcm;olrsm;tm; trdefYtmPm oHk;p&mrvdkbJ t&nftcsif;ESifh vTrf;rdk;Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/

4.2. EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;wGif t&yfbufvlUtzGJtpnf;rSacgif;aqmifrsm;\ tcef;u@

vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpfckü tpdk;&? aps;uGufESifh t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;wdkYaygif;pyfyg0ifygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\EdkifiHa&;tul;tajymif;umvü tqdkygu@oHk;&yfrSm rQwOD;rnfr[kwfyg/ jrefrmEdkifiHü ,HkMunfrIjyefvnf wnfaqmufjcif;? jidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfxGGef;aprnfh vlrIa&;tajctaersm;zefwD;jcif;ponfh pdefac:rIrsm;&Sdaeygao; onf/ t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf toif;tzGJUrsm; cdkifrmpGmjzpfxGef;vmatmif? vlrIa&;pnf;vHk;rI ydkrdk&&Sdvmatmif vlxkudktultnDay;&mü ta&;ygaomtcef;u@rS yg0ifaeygonf/

'Drkdua&pDtoGif ul;ajymif;qJumvü tpdk;&onfvlxkudk tjynfht0udk,fpm;jyKEdkifao;jcif;r&Sd qdkonfhtcsufay:tajccHí t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm; vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufEdkif&rnfjzpfonf/ vuf&SdusifhoHk;aeonfh tkyfcsKyfyHktavhtxrsm;rSm 'Drdkua&pD ]pH} rrDao;yg/ tmPmydkifrsm; tcGifhtmPmudktvGJoHk;pm; jyKvkyfjcif;r&SdaMumif;? 'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;usonfhtkyfcsKyfyHktavhtxrsm; ydkrdkjzpfxGef;vmaprnfhpepfwpf&yfodkY ul;ajymif;aeaMumif;? t&yfbufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;u aocsmatmif apmifhMunfh&ygrnf/EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;? tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;\ vkyfykdifcGifhtmPmudk apmifhMunfh? ppfaq;? xdef;uGyfEdkifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; &SmazGMu&ygrnf/ tmPmtvGJoHk;pm;jyKvkyfrIrsm;tm; jynfolvlxku od&SdowdjyKrdvmatmifvnf; EdI;aqmf&ygrnf/ xdkYjyif? owif;tcsuftvuf vGwfvyfpGmod&SdydkifcGifh Oya'? vmbfpm;rIudkwdkufzsufrnfh tzGJUrsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; ay:aygufvmatmifvnf; aqmfMopnf;½Hk;&ygrnf/ vmbfpm;rIwdkufzsufa&; Oya'ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf t&yfbufvlUabmif\ wuf<upGmaxmufcHrIESifh yg0ifrIr&SdbJ xda&mufpGmaqmif&GufEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/ 'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;us yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;onf rdrdukd,fudkrdrd od&Sdem;vnfapEdkif? zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufapEdkifonfh enf;vrf;aumif;wpfckjzpfygonf/ t&yfbufvlUabmifrS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHom;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efudk od&Sdem;vnfxm;&ygrnf/ MuHKawGUcHpm;ae&onfh jyóemwlolcsif; twlyl;aygif;í ajz&Sif;wwfvmatmif? rl0g'a&;&mESifh vlxkjyóem jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ü rdrd\tjrifudkwifjywwfvmatmifvnf; EdkifiHom;rsm;tm; pGrf;&nfjr§ifhwifay;&ygrnf/

34

aemufqufwGJ 1 - ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmyHkpH (1) ESifh (2)

35

acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTm (1)

atmufygar;cGef;vTmü acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHESifhywfoufonfh ,HkMunfcsufrsm; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ay;xm;onfh trSwfay;pepfudktoHk;jyKvsuf azmfjycsufwpfckcsif;tay: rdrdpdwfwGifcHpm;&onfh rSefuefrI twdkif;twmudk oufqkdif&m*Pef;udk0dkif;jcif;jzifh trSwfay;yg/

tjrJvdkvdkrSefygonf – 5

rMumcPrSefygonf - 4

wpfcgwpf&HrSefygonf – 3

rSefcJygonf – 2

rSefavhr&Sdoavmufjzpfygonf - 1

tajzrSef? tajzrSm;[lír&SdaomaMumifh rdrdpdwfwGifcHpm;&onfhtwkdif; (tppftrSeftwdkif;) ajzqdkyg/ þonfrSm rdrdudk,fudkqef;ppfcsuf,laejcif;jzpfygonf/

# azmfjycsufrsm; ajzqdkcsufrsm;

1/ uREkfyfwdkYtzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf tzGJUwGif;ü tjyD;owfqHk;jzwfcsufcscGifh tmPmudk uREfkyfwpfOD;wnf;u tjrJwapudkifpGJxm;onf/

5 4 3 2 1

2/ uREkfyfonf vkyfief;ESifhywfoufí rnfonfudkjyKvkyfrnf? rnfodkY jyKvkyfrnfudkqHk;jzwf&mü 0efxrf;wpfOD; odkYr[kwf wpfOD;xufydkí tjrJyg0ifcGifhjyKonf/ odkYaomf tjyD;owfqHk;csufcscGifhtmPmudkrl uREfkyfwpfOD;wnf;u udkifpGJxm;onf/

5 4 3 2 1

3/ ta&;ygonfhqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&onfhtcgwdkif; uREfkyfESifh 0efxrf;rsm; twlwuGrJay;qHk;jzwfMuonf/

5 4 3 2 1

4/ uREfkyfonf 0efxrf;rsm;uwifjyvmonfh tMuHjyKcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;avhr&Sdyg/ taMumif;rSm ¤if;wdkYtwGuftcsdefray;EdkifaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/

5 4 3 2 1

5/ uREfkyfonf tem*wfpDrHudef;rsm;a&;qGJ&mü 0efxrf;rsm;\ pdwful; pdwfoef;rsm;ESifh tMuHjyKcsufrsm;tm; tjrJawmif;cHygonf/

5 4 3 2 1

6/ uREfkyfwdkYtzGJUtpnf;ü 0efxrf;wpfOD;csif; odkYr[kwf 0efxrf;trsm;pk\axmufcHrIr&&SdbJ rnfhonfh ta&;ygonfh qHk;jzwfcsufrQ csrSwfavh r&Sdyg/

5 4 3 2 1

7/ uREfkyfonf 0efxrf;rsm;tm; bmawGvkyf? b,fvdkvkyf[k nTefMum;avh &Sdonf/

5 4 3 2 1

8/ trSm;t,Gif;wpfck MuHKawG&onfhtcgwdkif; oufqkdifonfh pDrHudef; odkYr[kwf vkyfief;pOftm; rnfodkYtcsdefrDjyD;ajrmufatmif qufvuf aqmif&Guf&rnfudk 0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfjyD; tMuHÓPf awmif;cHygonf/

5 4 3 2 1

9/ uREfkyfonf owif;tcsuftvufwpfck today;vdkonfhtcgwdkif; 5 4 3 2 1

36

tD;ar;vf odkYr[kwf rSwfpkwdka&;í ay;ydkYavh&Sdygonf/ tpnf;ta0; ac:jyD; today;ajymMum;jcif;rsKd; jyKvkyfavhr&Sdyg/ 0efxrf;rsm;u xdkowif;tcsuftvuftwdkif; vdkufemaqmif&GufMuvdrfhrnf[k uREfkyfuarQmfvifhygonf/

10/ wpfpHkwpfa,muf trSm;t,Gif;jyKvkyfrdonfhtcgwdkif;? tqdkyg trSm; t,Gif;rsKd; aemifrjyKvkyfrd&ef ajymMum;jyD;? a&;rSwfxm;avh&Sdygonf/

5 4 3 2 1

11/ uREfkyfonf 0efxrf;tm;vHk;u pDrHudef;tm; rdrd\udk,fykkdifvkyfief;ozG,f oabmxm;onfhywf0ef;usifwpfck zefwD;vdkonf/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&mü 0efxrf;rsm;tm; yg0ifcGifhjyKonf/

5 4 3 2 1

12/ uREkfyfonf vkyfief;ESifhywfoufí rnfonfudkjyKvkyfrnf? rnfodkY jyKvkyfrnfudk 0efxrf;rsm;tm; qHk;jzwfaponf/

5 4 3 2 1

13/ uREkfyf\cGifhjyKcsufr&rD? 0efxrf;opfrsm;tm; rnfonfhqHk;jzwfcsufrS cscGifhrjyKyg/

5 4 3 2 1

14/ uREkfyfonf 0efxrf;rsm;tm; tvkyfESifhywfoufíxm;&Sdonfh ¤if;wdkY\tjrifudkar;jref;jyD;? oifhavsmfonfhtajctaewdkif;wGif tqdkyg tjrifudktoHk;jyKonf/

5 4 3 2 1

15/ 0efxrf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\tvkyfESifhywfoufvQif uREfkyfxufydkí em;vnfwwfuRrf;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh tvkyfESifhywfoufonfh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkYbmom csrSwfaponf/

5 4 3 2 1

16/ wpfpHkwpfck rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfoGm;onf&Sdaomf vkyfief;pOfwpfck vGJrSm; aejyD[k 0efxrf;rsm;tm;ajymjyD;? uREfkyfu vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;opfwpfck a&;qGJay;onf/

5 4 3 2 1

17/ 0efxrf;rsm;tm; uREfkyf\vrf;nTefrIjzifh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;tpDtpOf a&;qGJcGifhjyKonf/

5 4 3 2 1

18/ uREfkyfonf vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;opfwpf&yf csrSwfEdkif&ef tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;tm; tvkyfwm0efrsm;cGJa0ay;onf/

5 4 3 2 1

19/ 0efxrf;rsm; tvkyfwm0efrsm;tm; rSefuefpGmaqmif&Gufjcif;&Sdr&Sd uREfkyfu teD;uyfapmifhMunfhppfaq;ygonf/

5 4 3 2 1

20/ 0efxrf;rsm;Mum;ü vkyfief;wm0efcGJa0rIESifhywfoufNyD; uGJvGJaeonf&Sdaomf? xdk0efxrf;rsm;tm;vHk;yg0ifapNyD; em;vnfrIuGJvGJaejcif;rsm;udk ajyvnfatmif aqmif&Gufonf/

5 4 3 2 1

21/ 0efxrf;wdkif;ü rdrd\tvkyfwm0efudk jy|mef;owfrSwf&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/ 5 4 3 2 1

22/ acgif;aqmifqdkonfh tqifhtwef;aMumifh vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm; tay:MoZmtmPm oufa&mufEdkifjcif;udk uREfkyfoabmusonf/

5 4 3 2 1

23/ vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm; wdk;wufvmatmif uREfkyf\ acgif;aqmiftcGifhtmPmudkoHk;í ulnDay;vkdygonf/

5 4 3 2 1

37

24/ uREfkyf\acgif;aqmiftcGifhtmPmudk vufatmufcH0efxrf;rsm;udkvnf; cGJa0pGJudkifaponf/

5 4 3 2 1

25/ tzGJUtpnf;\&nfrSef;csufrsm; jynfh0atmifjrifap&ef 0efxrf;rsm;tm; vrf;nTefapcdkif;jcif; odkYr[kwf tjypf'Pfjzifh jcdrf;ajcmufjcif;jyKvkyf&ef vdkonf/

5 4 3 2 1

26/ tzGJU&nfrSef;csufrsm;twGuf ESpfjr§Kyfaqmif&Gufvdkpdwf 0efxrf;rsm;ü jzpfay:vmjyDqdkvQif rdrdudk,fwdkifOD;aqmifvkyfudkifMuvdrfhrnf/

5 4 3 2 1

27/ 0efxrf;rsm;ü tzGJU&nfrSef;csufrsm;udk ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkif csrSwfydkifcGifh&Sdonf/

5 4 3 2 1

28/ 0efxrf;rsm;u vHkjcHKpdwfcs&rIudk t"duvdkvm;Muonf/ 5 4 3 2 1

29/ 0efxrf;rsm;onf tzGJU\jyóemrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;&ef xdk;xGif;wDxGif zefwD;ÓPf oHk;Muonf/

5 4 3 2 1

30/ 0efxrf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkYudk,fudk uREfkyfenf;wl OD;aqmifnTefMum;EdkifpGrf; &SdMuonf/

5 4 3 2 1

ajzqdkcsufrsm;tm; trSwfay;yHk

ar;cGef;vTmyg azmfjycsufwpfckpDtwGuf oifay;cJhonfhtrSwfrsm;tm; atmufygZ,m;wGif jznfhoGif;yg/ Oyrm? azmfjycsuf 1 twGuf 3 ]wpfcgwpf&H rSefygonf} [kajzcJhonf&Sdaomf ]ar;cGef;} 1 ab;wGif &rSwf 3 udk a&;yg/ ar;cGef;wdkif;twGuf trSwfrsm;jznfhoGif;jyD;onfhtcg ]&rSwf} Z,m;wdkifoHk;ckvHk;twGuf pkpkaygif;&rSwfrsm; toD; oD;wGufcsufyg/

ar;cGef; &rSwf ar;cGef; &rSwf ar;cGef; &rSwf

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17 18

19 20 21

22 23 24

25 26 27

28 29 30

pkpkaygif; pkpkaygif; pkpkaygif;

38

acgif;aqmifrIyHkpH ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTm (2)

atmufygar;cGef;vTmü acgif;aqmifrsm;\trltusifhrsm; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ azmfjycsufwpfcsufcsif; aocsmpGm zwf½IjyD; ,if;azmfjycsufonf rdrdtwGufrnfrQrSefuefonfudk atmufygtrSwfay;pepfudktoHk;jyKí ajzqdkyg/ &v'frsm;rSefuefap&ef wwfEdkiforQ t&SdtrSeftwdkif; ajzqdkyg/

# azmfjycsufrsm;b,fawmhrS wpfcgwpf&H tjrJ

0 1 2 3 4 5

1/ qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mü vufatmufcH0efxrf;tzGJUtm; yg0ifapjyD;? ¤if;wdkY\pdwful;pdwfoef;rsm;ESifh tMuHjyKcsufrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;toHk;csEkdifatmif MudK;pm;onf/

2/ &nfrSef;csuf odkYr[kwf wm0efwpfckjyD;ajrmufa&;xuf ydkíta&;ygonfh t&mr&Sdyg/

3/ wm0efwpfck odkYr[kwf pDrHudef;wpfck tcsdefrDjyD;ajrmufap&ef vkyfief; tcsdefZ,m;udk tjrJrjywfapmifhMunfhygonf/

4/ 0efxrf;rsm;tm; tvkyfwm0efESifh vkyfief;pOftopfrsm; oifMum;ay;& onfudk ESpfjcdKufygonf/

5/ tvkyfwm0efwpfck pdefac:rIBuD;rm;av uREfkyfoabmawGUavyif jzpfygonf/

6/ 0efxrf;rsm;tm; tvkyfESifhywfoufí tjrJwDxGifMuHqae&ef tm;ay; ygonf/

7/ ½IyfaxG;cufcJonfh tvkyfwm0efwpfckudk jyD;pD;atmifaqmif&GufpOfü tao;pdwfudpörsm; vGwfroGm;atmif *½kjyKygonf/

8/ uREfkyfonf ½IyfaxG;cufcJonfh wm0eftawmfrsm;rsm;udk wpfjydKifwnf; aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;&Sdygonf/

9/ uREfkfyfonf oifwef;ay;jcif;? acgif;aqmifrItwwfynmESifh pdwfynm qdkif&m aqmif;yg;rsm;? pmtkyfrsm;ESifh *sme,frsm; zwf½I&onfudk ESpfoufygonf/ avhvmod&Sdvmonfrsm;udkvnf; vufawGUjyefvnf toHk;csygonf/

10/ rSm;,Gif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;tm; jyefvnfjyifqif&mwGif 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;ysufjym;rnfudk uREfkyfrpdk;&drfrdyg/

11/ uREfkyfonf tcsdefudktvGeftusKd;&SdpGm toHk;csygonf/

12/ uREfkyfonf ½IyfaxG;onfhtvkyfwm0ef odkYr[kwf pDrHudef;rsm;\ ½IyfaxG; eufeJrIESifh tao;pdwfudpörsm;udk 0efxrf;rsm;tm;&Sif;jy&onfudk ESpfoufygonf/

13/ pDrHudef;MuD;wpfckudk 0efxrf;rsm;vkyfEdkifudkifEdkif½Hk wm0efrsm;tjzpf cGJjcrf; ay;onfrSm uREfkyf\tusifhjzpfygonf/

14/ tzGJUaumif;wpfzGJU jzpfay:vma&;xuf ydkíta&;MuD;onfhudpör&Sdyg/15/ jyóem^tcuftcJrsm;tm; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvm&onfudk ESpfouf

39

ygonf/

16/ uREkfyfonf tjcm;olrsm;\ vkyfydkifcGifhe,fy,frsm;udk todtrSwfjyK ygonf/

17/ 0efxrf;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\vkyfaqmifcsuf odkYr[kwf tjyKtrl wdk;wuf aumif;rGefvmatmif aqG;aEG;ynmay;jcif;rSmuREfkyf\tusihfjzpfygonf/

18/uREfkyfonf rdrdtvkyfESifhywfoufonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;? pmtkyfrsm;ESifh *sme,frsm; zwf½I&onfudk ESpfoufygonf/ avhvmod&Sdvmonfh vkyfief;pOftopfrsm;udkvnf; vufawGUusifhoHk;ygonf/

40

trSwfay;yHk

ar;cGef;vTmudkajzqdkjyD;aemuf &rSwfrsm;udk atmufygZ,m;wGifjznfhoGif;yg/

ar;cGef; &rSwf ar;cGef; &rSwf

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17 18

pkpkaygif; pkpkaygif;

_ 0.2 _ 0.2

Z,m;rS&v'frsm;udk atmufyg*&yfzfwGif ae&mcsyg/

rsm; 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

enf; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

enf; rsm;

42

aemufqufwGJ 2 – FGD ESifh IDI vrf;nTefrsm;

44

1/ KII vrf;nTef

1. jrefrmjynfwGif;vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum;wGif awGU&avh&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm; (pDrHcefYcGJrIyHkpH? vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIyHkpH? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfonfhyHkpH) tay: oif\xifjrifcsufudk aus;Zl;jyKí ajymjyyg/

2. jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vlrItzGUJtpnf;rsm;&Sdacgif;aqmifrsm;\ tm;omcsufrsm;ESifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif jyKjyif&OD;rnfhudpö&yfrsm;udk Oyrm rsm;ESifhwuG ajymjyay;yg/

3. EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mü vuf&Sd vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;&Sd acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh rnfonfhtcef;u@rS yg0ifoifhonf[k oif ½Ijrif^tMuHjyKvdkygovJ/

45

2/ FGD vrf;nTef

1. oifwdkYtzGJUtpnf;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;\ acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHrsm; (pDrHcefYcGJrIyHkpH? vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIyHkpH? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfonfhyHkpH) tay: oif\oabmxm;udk ajymyg/

2. tqdkyg pDrHcefYcGJrIyHkpH^trsKd;tpm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrIyHkpHudk oifoabmusygovm;/ oabmusonfqdkvQif tb,faMumifhenf;/ oabmrusbl;qdkvQif tb,faMumifhenf;/ oabmrusygu? oifudk,fwkdif acgif;aqmifjzpfvQif rnfokdYpDrHcefYcGJrnf? acgif;aqmifrnf[k &nfrSef;xm;ygovJ/

tu,fíoifom acgif;aqmifqdkvQif ,ckvuf&Sd tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;ESifhoif twlvufwGJvkyfae&onfh vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk oifrnfodkY½Ijrifrnfenf;/

3. jrefrmvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;\ tm;omcsufrsm;ESifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif jyKjyif&OD;rnfhudpö&yfrsm;udk Oyrm rsm;ESifhwuG ajymjyay;yg/

4. EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mü vuf&Sd vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh rnfonfhtcef;u@rS yg0ifoifhonf[k oif ½Ijrif^tMuHjyKvdkygovJ/

5. EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mü vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh rnfonfhtcef;u@rS wm0ef,laqmif&GufEdkifrnfenf;/

6. EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mwGif vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm; yg0ifoifhonfhtcef;u@ESifh ¤if;wdkYwm0ef,lEdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh tcef;u@wdkY uGJvGJaeygovm;/ uGJvGJaeonfqdku ¤if;udkavQmhcsEdkif? tm;jznfhEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm; tMuHjyKay;apvdkygonf/

This project is funded by the European Unionfunded by the European Union. This project is co-funded by SWISSAID.46

funded by SWISSAID.

Leadership styles myanmar translation final edition18 jun2012

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Transcript of Leadership styles myanmar translation final edition18 jun2012