Leadership [Compatibility Mode]

7/28/2019 Leadership [Compatibility Mode]

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Leadership

Dr. Meenakshi Khemka


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Leadership

The ability to influence a group toward theachievement of goals

What Is Leadership?

Management

Use of authority inherent in designated formal

rank to obtain compliance from organizationalmembers

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Leadership


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Trait Theories

Traits Theories of Leadership

Theories that consider personality, social, physical,

or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from non-leaders

Tr i x m l

Enthusiasm Sense of responsibility Self confidence

Assumption: Leaders are born Problems

Traits do not generalize across situations

Better at predicting leader emergence thaneffectiveness3

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Behavioral Theories

Behavioral Theories of Leadership

Theories proposing that specific behaviors

differentiate leaders from non-leaders

hi i / niv r i f Mi hi n

Initiating Structure/Production Orientation

Consideration/Employee Orientation

Assumption: Leaders can be trained Problem: Effective behaviors do not generalize

across situations

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Ohio State

Studies

Initiating Structure

The extent to which a leaderis likely to define and

structure his or her role andthose of subordinates in the

University of Michigan

Studies

Production-oriented Leader

One who emphasizestechnical or task aspects of the

job

Consideration

The extent to which a leader

is likely to have jobrelationships characterized bymutual trust, respect for

subordinates ideas, andregard for his/her feelings

Employee-oriented Leader

Emphasizing interpersonal

relations; taking a personalinterest in the needs ofemployees and accepting

individual differences amongmembers

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The Managerial Grid(Blake and Mouton)

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Contingency Theories

All Consider the Situation

Fiedler Contingency Model

Cognitive Resource Theory

Hersey and Blanchards Situational Leadership

Path Goal Theory

Assumptions underlying the different models: Fiedler: Leaders style is fixed

Others: Leaders style can and should be

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Leadership style Is Fixed (Task-oriented vs.

Relationship - oriented)

Can be measured by the least preferred co-

w rk r LP i nn ir

Fiedler Model

Considers Situational Favorableness for Leader

Leader-member relations

Task structure

Position power 8Leadership


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Fiedler Model: Defining the Situation

Leader-Member Relations

The degree of confidence, trust, and respect

subordinates have in their leader

Task Structure

Position PowerInfluence derived from ones formal structuralposition in the organization; includes power to hire,

fire, discipline, promote, and give salary increases

The degree to which the job assignments areprocedurized

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A theory of leadership that states that the level of

stress in a situation is what impacts whether a leadersintelligence or experience will be more effective

Research Support

Less intelligent individuals perform better in leadership

roles under high stress than do more intelligent

individuals

Less experienced people perform better in leadership

roles under low stress than do more experienced people10

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Assumes leaders can change their behaviors

Considers Followersas the Situation

Contingency Theory: Hersey & Blanchard

Situational Model

Follower psychological maturity (willingness to

take responsibility)

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Hersey and Blanchards Situational Leadership

TheorySituational Leadership Theory (SLT)

A contingency theory that focuses on followersreadiness; the more ready the followers (the morewilling and able) the less the need for leader support

LOW Amount of Follower Readiness HIGH

Amount of Leader Support& Supervision RequiredHIGH LOW

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Leadership Styles and Follower Readiness

(Hersey and Blanchard)

WillingUnwilling

Able SupportivePartici ative

Monitoring

FollowerReadiness

Unable Directive High TaskandRelationshipOrientations

LeadershipStyles

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Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

Leaders select certain followers to be in(favorites) based on competence and/orcompatibility and similarity to leader

Exchanges with these in followers will behigher quality than with those who are out

Result: In subordinates will have higherperformance ratings, less turnover, and greater

job satisfaction

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Path-Goal Theory

Leader must help followers attain goals and

reduce roadblocks to success

Leaders must change behaviors to fit the

situation (environmental contingencies and

subordinate contingencies)

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Path-Goal Theory

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Contemporary Leadership Roles:

Providing Team Leadership

Team Leadership Roles

Act as liaisons with external constituencies

Managing conflict

Coaching to improve team member performance

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Online Leadership

Leadership at a Distance: Building Trust

The lack of face-to-face contact removes the nonverbal

cues that support verbal interactions

There is no supporting context to assist the receiver withinterpretation of an e-communication

The structure and tone of e-messages can stronglyaffect the response of receivers

An individuals verbal and written communications may

not follow the same style Writing skills will likely become an extension of

interpersonal skills

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THANK

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YOU

Leadership

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