Leadership and Management Styles RGraham

8/7/2019 Leadership and Management Styles RGraham

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Leadership and Management Styles

Rachael Graham 13k


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What is the difference betweenleadership and management?

Management

This is the process of setting

objectives and making the

most efficient use of

financial, human and

physical resources to

achieve these objectives.Key tasks include planning,

control and co-ordination.

Leadership

Influencing others to

achieve certain aims or

objectives. Effective

leadership skills can

help a manager to carry

out their duties


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What do Leaders do?

Decide upon objectives

for the organisation Provide expertise and

set standards fort the

organisation

Decide upon company

structure and shape the

culture of the business


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What makes a good leader?

A good leader will be informed and knowledgeable

about matters relating to the business A good leader should be self-motivated and desire to

achieve great things

A good leader should possess an air for authority

Agood leader would have the ability to thinkcreatively and to solve problems


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Styles of Leadership

There are three basic categories of leadership

style

Autocratic or authoritarian leadership

Paternalistic leadership

Democratic leadership


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Authoritarian orAutocratic Leadership

Such leaders would have considerable sympathy withthe views expressed by Taylor.

Such leaders

Take decisions with little involvement of junioremployees

Allocate tasks

Set objectives Will contain total control throughout


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Authoritarian Ctd

Such leaders, use a one-way communication

system, downwards from leader tosubordinate.

This style of leadership may be appropriate

when quick decisions are required, or when

large numbers of un-skilled employees areinvolved.


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Paternalistic Leadership

This is a leadership style which is quite

dictatorial, yet decisions are taken in the bestinterests of the employees.

This styles key features include

This form of leadership explains decisions

It also ensures employees social and leisure

needs are met.


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Democratic Leadership

This form of leadership involves running a

business on the basis on the majority ofdecisions.

This methods main features include

This form of leadership encourages

employees to take part in decision-making

This method also uses delegation


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Democratic Leadership Ctd

There is a two-way communication between senior and junior

employees.

Bill Gates was a man, famous for his democratic management

style at Microsoft.

He has actively involved employees in key management and

strategic decisions.

Most of his time is devoted to meeting with customers and

staying in contact with Microsoft employees around the world

via e-mail.


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Douglas McGregorsTheory X and Y

o In 1964, Douglas published The Human Side ofEnterprise.

o This book is famous for discovering how leaders

attitudes may influence their behaviour.

o The book is noted for its comparison of two typesof leader that McGregor called TheoryX and

TheoryY leaders.


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Theory X Leaders Believe

The average employee dislike work and will avoid it

if at all possible People must be controlled and directed and

punished, if necessary, to put in a real effort at work

The typical worker wants to avoid responsibility and

has little ambition

Employees look for security above all else at work


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Theory Y Leaders Believe

Working is as natural as play or rest for the averageemployee

The typical worker does not have an in-built dislikefor work

Other means exist to motivate workers rather thancontrol and punishment

In the right circumstances, workers seek

responsibility Most employees have imagination and creativity that

may be used to help organisations achieve theirgoals


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Management by Objectives

PeterDruckerpublished The Practice of

Management, which included his theory ofManagement by Objectives.


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Druckers theory of Management

According to Druckers theory of management,

managers should; Identify and agree targets for achievement

with sub-ordinates

Negotiate the support that will be required to

achieve these targets Evaluate over time the extent to which these

objectives are met


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Advantages of MBO

It can improve the communication within the

organisation as the target-setting and evaluationprocess takes place

Employees may be motivated by understanding what

they are trying to achieve, and how it helps the

business achieve its overall goal.

MBO can highlight training needs for managers and

sub-ordinates, improving their performance and

productivity


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Disadvantages of MBO

Some employees may see the setting of targets as

threatening.A

manager might set targets that thesubordinate considers unachievable

All employees within the organisation must be

committed to the technique if it is to succeed and

benefit the business

Modern businesses operate in a business

environment that changes rapidly. Objectives can

quickly become out of date.


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Issues in Leadership

There are a number of

important factorswhich influence the

day-to-day

leadership approach

used by managers


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Team-based leadership

Teamworking occurs when production is organised

into substantial units of work. Teamworking is common within organisations and

often companies delayering

Businesses may assemble teams to solve problems

and propose new working methods

A correct balance of people within the team is

essential


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Team-based leadership

Individuals must not only be multi-skilled, but their

skills and personalities must blend together and becomplimentary

Successful teams need people with drive and

motivation, as well as people with administrative

skills to ensure all tasks are completed

Quality Circles: teams of employees drawn from all levels inthe organisation to solve operational problems


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Problems with teams

It is important for leaders to make sure that teams

are all pursuing the organisations objectives Teams may become too competitive

Teams may become confident to their own success,

an unaware of changes taking place out side the

team. This may result in failure to meet targets


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Single Status

Team-based leadership may also require the

implementation ofsingle status into theworkplace

This leads to the removal of all barriers

distinguishing between different grades of

staff within the organisation


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Under single status all employees

within an organisation

Use the same canteen and other facilities

Work similar hours Are entitled to similar holiday arrangements

Wear the same clothing

The only distinction remaining should be the level ofpay received by various grades of employees


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Delegation and Consultation

Important elements of an individuals style of

leadership

Delegation: Managers give junior employeesthe authority to carry out particular tasks

Consultation: occurs when managers ask for,and take into account, views of subordinates


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Advantages ofDelegation

Frees senior managers for other matters

May breed a sense of responsibility and helpto motivate

Controlling subordinates is expensive and

supervisors may be required

Individuals may develop skills and careers


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Disadvantages ofDelegation

Trusting subordinates can be risky and responsibility

remains with the senior manager

Delegation may involve expensive training for

subordinates

Once trust is given, it is impossible to remove it

without loss of face

Some managers may be reluctant to use delegation

as they have to relinquish control

Leadership and Management Styles RGraham

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